CA2256570A1 - Methods and devices for occluding a patient's ascending aorta - Google Patents
Methods and devices for occluding a patient's ascending aorta Download PDFInfo
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- CA2256570A1 CA2256570A1 CA002256570A CA2256570A CA2256570A1 CA 2256570 A1 CA2256570 A1 CA 2256570A1 CA 002256570 A CA002256570 A CA 002256570A CA 2256570 A CA2256570 A CA 2256570A CA 2256570 A1 CA2256570 A1 CA 2256570A1
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- patient
- blood
- occluding member
- catheter
- shaft
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0023—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing by the form of the lumen, e.g. cross-section, variable diameter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
- A61B17/12109—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in a blood vessel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B17/12131—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
- A61B17/12136—Balloons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0001—Catheters; Hollow probes for pressure measurement
- A61M2025/0002—Catheters; Hollow probes for pressure measurement with a pressure sensor at the distal end
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0023—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing by the form of the lumen, e.g. cross-section, variable diameter
- A61M25/0026—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements
- A61M25/003—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements characterized by features relating to least one lumen located at the distal part of the catheter, e.g. filters, plugs or valves
- A61M2025/0031—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements characterized by features relating to least one lumen located at the distal part of the catheter, e.g. filters, plugs or valves characterized by lumina for withdrawing or delivering, i.e. used for extracorporeal circuit treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0023—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing by the form of the lumen, e.g. cross-section, variable diameter
- A61M25/0026—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements
- A61M2025/0034—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements characterized by elements which are assembled, connected or fused, e.g. splittable tubes, outer sheaths creating lumina or separate cores
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1052—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications for temporarily occluding a vessel for isolating a sector
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/12—Blood circulatory system
- A61M2210/127—Aorta
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0009—Making of catheters or other medical or surgical tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0023—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing by the form of the lumen, e.g. cross-section, variable diameter
- A61M25/0026—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements
- A61M25/0032—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements characterized by at least one unconventionally shaped lumen, e.g. polygons, ellipsoids, wedges or shapes comprising concave and convex parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M25/005—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features with embedded materials for reinforcement, e.g. wires, coils, braids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1002—Balloon catheters characterised by balloon shape
Abstract
An aortic occlusion catheter (2) has a blood return lumen (22) for returning oxygenated blood to a patient, and an occluding member (12) for occluding the patient's ascending aorta. The blood return lumen has openings (24, 26) on both sides of the occluding member for infusing oxygenated blood on both sides of the occluding member.
Description
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 M:~THODS AND DEVI(~ES FOR OCCLUDING
A PATIENT'S ASCEND~G AORTA
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is dlrected to methods and devices for occluding a patient's ascending aorta and returning oxygenated blood to the patient when the patient is supported by a bypass system. The invention is particularly useful when performing surgery on the heart and great vessels.
In conventional open heart surgery, the patientls heart is accessed through a large opening in the patient's chest, such as a median sternotomy. With the patient's heart exposed, various catheters, cannulae and clamps are applied directly to the patientls heart and great vessels. Blood is withdrawn from the patient through a venous cannula and returned to the patient through an arterial return cannula which is typically inserted through a pursestring suture in the ascending aorta. The heart is arrested by infusing a cardioplegic fluid into the ascending aorta with a needle.
The ascending aorta is typically occluded with an external cross-clamp around the ascending aorta to isolate the coronary arteries from the remainder o~ the arterial system.
Recent developments in cardiac surgery have provided cannulae and catheters ~or occluding a patient's ascending aorta, returning oxygenated blood to the patient, and delivering cardioplegic fluid to the patient without requiring direct access to the patientls heart. Such systems are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,584,8~3, 5,478,309 and Re.
35,352. The devices and methods described in these patents ~ enable surgeons to per~orm various procedures on the patient's heart and great vessels, such as bypass grafting and valve replacements, without requiring a large opening in the patient's chest. Such procedures reduce the pain and trauma CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 suf~ered by the patient as compared to traditional open-heart procedures.
Another advantage of the systems described in U.S.
Patent Nos. 5,584,803, 5,478,309 and Re. 35,352 is that occlusion o~ the aorta is accomplished with a balloon positioned in the aorta rather than an external clamp around the aorta. Use o~ a balloon to occlude the ascending aorta may reduce the amount of emboli released into the bloodstream as compared to external cross-clamps thereby reducing stroke incidents.
Although the systems described above enable a wide range of surgical procedures on a stopped heart, positioning of the aortic occlusion balloon is often challenging since the balloon must be positioned in a relatively small space between ~the aortic valve and brachiocephalic artery. Inadvertent occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery is dangerous since the right carotid artery, which branches off the brachiocephalic artery and provides blood to the patient's brain, would also not receive oxygenated blood. Positioning of the balloon is ~particularly challenging when performing aortic valve procedures since the balloon must be positioned far enough from the aortic valve to permit the surgeon to perform the procedure on the aortic valve without interference from the balloon.
25 ~ Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide an aortic occlusion catheter having an occluding member which may be easily positioned within a patientls ascending aorta.
3 0 SI~IMARY OF THE INVFNTION
The present invention provides an aortic occlusion catheter and method of occluding a patient's ascending aorta and delivering oxygenated blood to the patient from a bypass system. The aortic occlusion catheter is inserted through a ~penetration in the patient's arterial system and passed through the junction between the brachiocephalic artery and ascending aorta. In a pre~erred embodiment, the aortic occlusion catheter preferably enters the patient's arterial CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 system through a penetration in the axillary or subclavian artery.
The aortic occlusion catheter has an occluding member which is positioned in the ascending aorta and expanded to occlude the patient's ascending aorta thereby isolating the coronary arteries from the rest of the patient's arterial system. The occluding member, which is preferably a balloon, is preferably attached to the catheter shaft along a portion between proximal and distal ends of the occluding member.
When the occluding member is expanded, the occluding member expands toward one side of the shaft. In a preferred embodiment, the expanding side of the occluding member is positioned to expand toward the aortic valve.
The aortic occlusion catheter also has a blood flow 15 lumen having first and second openings for returning oxygenated blood to the patient. The first and second openings are on opposite sides of the occluding mem~er so that oxygenated blood is delivered to both sides of the occludiny member. One of the openings provides oxygenated blood to 20 arteries superior to the junction between the brachiocephalic artery and the aortic arch while the other opening provides oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. An advantage of providing openings on both sides of the occluding member is that occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery does not pose a 25 risk to the patient since oxygenated blood is delivered to both sides of the occluding member. Another advantage of the aortic occlusion catheter is that the occluding member is easily positioned far from the aortic valve thereby maximizing the working space for performing aortic valve procedures.
The aortic occlusion catheter also preferably includes two pressure lumens for measuring pressure on both sides of the occluding member. Although two pressure lumens are preferred, only one pressure lumen may be necessary. The pressure lumens are coupled to a pressure monitor for ~ 35 measuring the blood pressure on both sides of the occluding member. The pressure monitor is used to prevent excessively high or low blood pressures and, in particular, excessively high blood pressure in the carotid arteries.
CA 022~6~70 1998-11-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 These and other features will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a patient's heart and vascular system which illustrates an aortic occlusion catheter o~ the present invention together with a ~ypass system.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the aortic occlusion catheter of Eig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the aortic occlusion catheter of Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter at line A-A of Fig. 3.
_ Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another aortic occlusion catheter.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of yet another aortic occlusion catheter.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a method of forming a wire-reinforced blood flow lumen, Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of Fig. 7 after heating.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view -illustrating a method of forming a second wire-reinforced blood flow lumen, Fig. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of Fig. 9 after heating.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter showing the method of adding pressure lumens and an inflation lumen to the wire reinforced blood flow lumen for the aortic occlusion catheter of Fig. 4.
Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter showing the method of adding pressure lumens and an inflation lumen to the wire reinforced blood flow lumen for the aortic occlusion catheter o~ Fig. 5.
Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter showing the method of adding pressure CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/064~3 lumens and an in~lation lumen to the wire rein~orced blood flow lumen for the aortic occlusion catheter o~ Fig. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Re~erring to Fig. 1, a system ~or arresting a patient's heart and maintaining circulation o~ oxygenated blood through the patient is shown. The system is shown ~or the purposes o~ illustrating an aortic occlusion catheter 2 in accordance with the present invention and other systems, catheters, cannulae and the like may be used with the invention without departing ~rom the scope o~ the invention.
Blood is withdrawn ~rom the patient through a venous cannula 4 which is inserted into the patient's vascular system at any suitable location. Fig. 1 illustrates the venous cannula 4 passing through the ~emoral vein and into the patient's right atrium. Blood is also withdrawn ~rom the patient through a venting catheter 6 which vents the patient's heart through the pulmonary vasculature. The venting catheter 6 extends through the internal jugular vein and tricuspid and pulmonary valves so that a distal end 8 is in the pulmonary artery. Although it is preferred to provide the venting catheter 6, venting o~ the heart may also be accomplished with any other device such as a needle penetrating the pulmonary artery.
Blood withdrawn through the venous cannula 4 and venting catheter 6 is directed to a bypass system 10 which pre~erably includes a pump for pumping oxygenated blood through the patient. The bypass system 10 may also include one or more of the ~ollowing; a heat exchanger, oxygenator, ~ilter, bubble trap, and cardiotomy reservoir. The bypass system 10 pre~erably includes an external oxygenator, however, the patient's own lungs may also be used to oxygenate the blood.
~ter the blood passes through the bypass system 10, oxygenated blood is returned to the patient ~rom the bypass system 10 through the aortic occlusion catheter 2 which is described in greater detail below. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 has an occluding member 12, which is pre~erably a CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 balloon, for occluding the patient's ascending aorta.
Occlusion o~ the ascending aorta isolates the coronary arteries from the r~m~in~er o~ the arterial system to prevent the heart from receiving oxygenated blood and starting prematurely be~ore completion of the surgical procedure. A
source of in~lation fluid 14, which is preferably a syringe filled with saline solution, is used to in~late the occluding member 12.
The patient's heart may be arrested using any method_ =and a pre~erred method i8 to use a cardioplegic ~luid.
Cardioplegic fluid may be administered antegrade or retrograde through the coronary sinus. The system shown in Fig. 1 includes both antegrade and retrograde per~usion, however, only one type of perfusion may be necessary. The cardioplegic -fluid may be any type o~ cardioplegic ~luid and a preferred cardioplegic ~luid is blood cardioplegia which is a mixture of crystalloid cardioplegia and blood. A source of cardioplegic fluid 16 draws blood from the bypass system 10 for mixing with a cardioplegic agent to form the cardioplegic fluid.
Cardioplegic fluid is introduced antegrade with a needle 18 and retrograde with a coronary sinus catheter 20. The coronary sinus catheter 20 passes through the internal jugular vein, into the right atrium and into the coronary sinus 20.
The coronary sinus catheter 20 preferably has a balloon (not shown) for occluding the coronary sinus. Although it is preferred to endovascularly advance the coronary sinus catheter through a peripheral vein, the coronary sinus catheter 20 may also simply pass through an opening in the right atrium.
Referring now to Figs. 1-3, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 has a blood return lumen 22 ~or returning oxygenated klood to the patient from the bypass system 10.
The blood return lumen 22 has proximal openings 24 and distal openings 26 for infusing oxygenated blood from the bypass -system 10 on both sides of the occluding memker 12. Delivery o~ oxygenated blood through the proximal openings 24 provides oxygenated blood to arteries downstream o~ the brachiocephalic artery such as the axillary, subclavian and carotid arteries.
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 Delivery of oxygenated blood through the distal openings 26, which includes the open end 28 of the catheter 2, provides oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The proximal openings 24 preferably have a diameter of between .02 and 0.2 inch and more preferably 0.04 inch and a preferred number of proximal openings 24 is between 3 and 60. The total area of the proximal openings 24 is preferably about 5~ to 30% and more, preferably about 10 % of the area of the distal openings 26 so that more oxygenated blood passes through the distal openings 26 since a larger portion of the patient's arterial system is distal to the occluding memberl2. The blood return lumen 22 terminates at a conventional barbed connection 30 suitable ~or connection to the bypass system 10. The blood return lumen 22 is preferably coated with a conventional athrombogenic coating such as benzalkonium heparin to minimize damage to the blood. The outside of the catheter 2 may also be coated with a lubricious coating to facilitate introduction of the catheter 2 into the patient. Any suitable coating may be used and a preferred coating is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
Still referring to Figs. 1-3, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 preferably enters the patient's aortic arch from the brachiocephalic artery and enters through a penetration in the subclavian, axillary, or brachial arteries. Fig. 1 shows the aortic occlusion catheter 2 passing through a penetration in the axillary artery and passing through the subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries. When inserting the aortic occlusion catheter 2 through the penetration and advancing the catheter
A PATIENT'S ASCEND~G AORTA
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is dlrected to methods and devices for occluding a patient's ascending aorta and returning oxygenated blood to the patient when the patient is supported by a bypass system. The invention is particularly useful when performing surgery on the heart and great vessels.
In conventional open heart surgery, the patientls heart is accessed through a large opening in the patient's chest, such as a median sternotomy. With the patient's heart exposed, various catheters, cannulae and clamps are applied directly to the patientls heart and great vessels. Blood is withdrawn from the patient through a venous cannula and returned to the patient through an arterial return cannula which is typically inserted through a pursestring suture in the ascending aorta. The heart is arrested by infusing a cardioplegic fluid into the ascending aorta with a needle.
The ascending aorta is typically occluded with an external cross-clamp around the ascending aorta to isolate the coronary arteries from the remainder o~ the arterial system.
Recent developments in cardiac surgery have provided cannulae and catheters ~or occluding a patient's ascending aorta, returning oxygenated blood to the patient, and delivering cardioplegic fluid to the patient without requiring direct access to the patientls heart. Such systems are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,584,8~3, 5,478,309 and Re.
35,352. The devices and methods described in these patents ~ enable surgeons to per~orm various procedures on the patient's heart and great vessels, such as bypass grafting and valve replacements, without requiring a large opening in the patient's chest. Such procedures reduce the pain and trauma CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 suf~ered by the patient as compared to traditional open-heart procedures.
Another advantage of the systems described in U.S.
Patent Nos. 5,584,803, 5,478,309 and Re. 35,352 is that occlusion o~ the aorta is accomplished with a balloon positioned in the aorta rather than an external clamp around the aorta. Use o~ a balloon to occlude the ascending aorta may reduce the amount of emboli released into the bloodstream as compared to external cross-clamps thereby reducing stroke incidents.
Although the systems described above enable a wide range of surgical procedures on a stopped heart, positioning of the aortic occlusion balloon is often challenging since the balloon must be positioned in a relatively small space between ~the aortic valve and brachiocephalic artery. Inadvertent occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery is dangerous since the right carotid artery, which branches off the brachiocephalic artery and provides blood to the patient's brain, would also not receive oxygenated blood. Positioning of the balloon is ~particularly challenging when performing aortic valve procedures since the balloon must be positioned far enough from the aortic valve to permit the surgeon to perform the procedure on the aortic valve without interference from the balloon.
25 ~ Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide an aortic occlusion catheter having an occluding member which may be easily positioned within a patientls ascending aorta.
3 0 SI~IMARY OF THE INVFNTION
The present invention provides an aortic occlusion catheter and method of occluding a patient's ascending aorta and delivering oxygenated blood to the patient from a bypass system. The aortic occlusion catheter is inserted through a ~penetration in the patient's arterial system and passed through the junction between the brachiocephalic artery and ascending aorta. In a pre~erred embodiment, the aortic occlusion catheter preferably enters the patient's arterial CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 system through a penetration in the axillary or subclavian artery.
The aortic occlusion catheter has an occluding member which is positioned in the ascending aorta and expanded to occlude the patient's ascending aorta thereby isolating the coronary arteries from the rest of the patient's arterial system. The occluding member, which is preferably a balloon, is preferably attached to the catheter shaft along a portion between proximal and distal ends of the occluding member.
When the occluding member is expanded, the occluding member expands toward one side of the shaft. In a preferred embodiment, the expanding side of the occluding member is positioned to expand toward the aortic valve.
The aortic occlusion catheter also has a blood flow 15 lumen having first and second openings for returning oxygenated blood to the patient. The first and second openings are on opposite sides of the occluding mem~er so that oxygenated blood is delivered to both sides of the occludiny member. One of the openings provides oxygenated blood to 20 arteries superior to the junction between the brachiocephalic artery and the aortic arch while the other opening provides oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. An advantage of providing openings on both sides of the occluding member is that occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery does not pose a 25 risk to the patient since oxygenated blood is delivered to both sides of the occluding member. Another advantage of the aortic occlusion catheter is that the occluding member is easily positioned far from the aortic valve thereby maximizing the working space for performing aortic valve procedures.
The aortic occlusion catheter also preferably includes two pressure lumens for measuring pressure on both sides of the occluding member. Although two pressure lumens are preferred, only one pressure lumen may be necessary. The pressure lumens are coupled to a pressure monitor for ~ 35 measuring the blood pressure on both sides of the occluding member. The pressure monitor is used to prevent excessively high or low blood pressures and, in particular, excessively high blood pressure in the carotid arteries.
CA 022~6~70 1998-11-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 These and other features will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a patient's heart and vascular system which illustrates an aortic occlusion catheter o~ the present invention together with a ~ypass system.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the aortic occlusion catheter of Eig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the aortic occlusion catheter of Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter at line A-A of Fig. 3.
_ Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another aortic occlusion catheter.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of yet another aortic occlusion catheter.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a method of forming a wire-reinforced blood flow lumen, Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of Fig. 7 after heating.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view -illustrating a method of forming a second wire-reinforced blood flow lumen, Fig. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of Fig. 9 after heating.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter showing the method of adding pressure lumens and an inflation lumen to the wire reinforced blood flow lumen for the aortic occlusion catheter of Fig. 4.
Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter showing the method of adding pressure lumens and an inflation lumen to the wire reinforced blood flow lumen for the aortic occlusion catheter o~ Fig. 5.
Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter showing the method of adding pressure CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/064~3 lumens and an in~lation lumen to the wire rein~orced blood flow lumen for the aortic occlusion catheter o~ Fig. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Re~erring to Fig. 1, a system ~or arresting a patient's heart and maintaining circulation o~ oxygenated blood through the patient is shown. The system is shown ~or the purposes o~ illustrating an aortic occlusion catheter 2 in accordance with the present invention and other systems, catheters, cannulae and the like may be used with the invention without departing ~rom the scope o~ the invention.
Blood is withdrawn ~rom the patient through a venous cannula 4 which is inserted into the patient's vascular system at any suitable location. Fig. 1 illustrates the venous cannula 4 passing through the ~emoral vein and into the patient's right atrium. Blood is also withdrawn ~rom the patient through a venting catheter 6 which vents the patient's heart through the pulmonary vasculature. The venting catheter 6 extends through the internal jugular vein and tricuspid and pulmonary valves so that a distal end 8 is in the pulmonary artery. Although it is preferred to provide the venting catheter 6, venting o~ the heart may also be accomplished with any other device such as a needle penetrating the pulmonary artery.
Blood withdrawn through the venous cannula 4 and venting catheter 6 is directed to a bypass system 10 which pre~erably includes a pump for pumping oxygenated blood through the patient. The bypass system 10 may also include one or more of the ~ollowing; a heat exchanger, oxygenator, ~ilter, bubble trap, and cardiotomy reservoir. The bypass system 10 pre~erably includes an external oxygenator, however, the patient's own lungs may also be used to oxygenate the blood.
~ter the blood passes through the bypass system 10, oxygenated blood is returned to the patient ~rom the bypass system 10 through the aortic occlusion catheter 2 which is described in greater detail below. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 has an occluding member 12, which is pre~erably a CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 balloon, for occluding the patient's ascending aorta.
Occlusion o~ the ascending aorta isolates the coronary arteries from the r~m~in~er o~ the arterial system to prevent the heart from receiving oxygenated blood and starting prematurely be~ore completion of the surgical procedure. A
source of in~lation fluid 14, which is preferably a syringe filled with saline solution, is used to in~late the occluding member 12.
The patient's heart may be arrested using any method_ =and a pre~erred method i8 to use a cardioplegic ~luid.
Cardioplegic fluid may be administered antegrade or retrograde through the coronary sinus. The system shown in Fig. 1 includes both antegrade and retrograde per~usion, however, only one type of perfusion may be necessary. The cardioplegic -fluid may be any type o~ cardioplegic ~luid and a preferred cardioplegic ~luid is blood cardioplegia which is a mixture of crystalloid cardioplegia and blood. A source of cardioplegic fluid 16 draws blood from the bypass system 10 for mixing with a cardioplegic agent to form the cardioplegic fluid.
Cardioplegic fluid is introduced antegrade with a needle 18 and retrograde with a coronary sinus catheter 20. The coronary sinus catheter 20 passes through the internal jugular vein, into the right atrium and into the coronary sinus 20.
The coronary sinus catheter 20 preferably has a balloon (not shown) for occluding the coronary sinus. Although it is preferred to endovascularly advance the coronary sinus catheter through a peripheral vein, the coronary sinus catheter 20 may also simply pass through an opening in the right atrium.
Referring now to Figs. 1-3, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 has a blood return lumen 22 ~or returning oxygenated klood to the patient from the bypass system 10.
The blood return lumen 22 has proximal openings 24 and distal openings 26 for infusing oxygenated blood from the bypass -system 10 on both sides of the occluding memker 12. Delivery o~ oxygenated blood through the proximal openings 24 provides oxygenated blood to arteries downstream o~ the brachiocephalic artery such as the axillary, subclavian and carotid arteries.
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 Delivery of oxygenated blood through the distal openings 26, which includes the open end 28 of the catheter 2, provides oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The proximal openings 24 preferably have a diameter of between .02 and 0.2 inch and more preferably 0.04 inch and a preferred number of proximal openings 24 is between 3 and 60. The total area of the proximal openings 24 is preferably about 5~ to 30% and more, preferably about 10 % of the area of the distal openings 26 so that more oxygenated blood passes through the distal openings 26 since a larger portion of the patient's arterial system is distal to the occluding memberl2. The blood return lumen 22 terminates at a conventional barbed connection 30 suitable ~or connection to the bypass system 10. The blood return lumen 22 is preferably coated with a conventional athrombogenic coating such as benzalkonium heparin to minimize damage to the blood. The outside of the catheter 2 may also be coated with a lubricious coating to facilitate introduction of the catheter 2 into the patient. Any suitable coating may be used and a preferred coating is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
Still referring to Figs. 1-3, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 preferably enters the patient's aortic arch from the brachiocephalic artery and enters through a penetration in the subclavian, axillary, or brachial arteries. Fig. 1 shows the aortic occlusion catheter 2 passing through a penetration in the axillary artery and passing through the subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries. When inserting the aortic occlusion catheter 2 through the penetration and advancing the catheter
2 through the patient's arteries, an obturator 32 is positioned in the blood return lumen 22 to provide an atraumatic distal end. Using ~luoroscopy, a guidewire 23 is first passed through the artery. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 and accompanying obturator 32 are then passed a together over the guidewire 23 to position the catheter as shown in Fig. 2. Once the catheter 2 is in position, the 35 obturator 32 and guidewire 23 are removed. The catheter 2 is then primed to remove all air by permitting blood to flow through the catheter 2 and the catheter 2 is then connected to the bypass system 1.
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 is positioned to occlude or partially occlude the brachiocephalic artery. This would normally present a dangerous condition, however, the proximal openings 24 provide ~oxygenated blood to arteries downstream of the brachiocephalic artery such as the subclavian, carotid and axillary arteries so that even complete occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery i8 not a problem. Thus, an advantage of the aortic ocçlusion catheter 2 of the present invention is that the occluding member 12 i8 readily positioned away from the patient's aortic valve so that contact with the aortic valve is not a problem while also eliminating the risk that occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery will cut off blood to the carotid artery. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 is particularly 1~ useful when performing aortic valve procedures since the occluding member 12 i~ positioned far ~rom the aortic valve.
Referring to Figs. 1-4, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 has first and second pre~sure lumens 34, 36 coupled to a pressure monitor 38 for monitoring pressures proximal and distal to the occluding member 12. The ~irst and second pressure lumens 34, 36 have first and second pressure ports, 35, 37, re~pectively. Although it is preferred to provide the pressure lumens 34, 36, pressure sensing may be accomplished by any other method such as with pressure transducers. The =pre~sure monitor 38 is used to prevent excessively high or low blood pressure when delivering blood through the proximal and distal openings 24, 26. If, ~or example, the distal openings 26 are occluded or obstructed, all of the blood would be forced through the proximal openings 24 which may create =undesirably high pressures in the brachiocephalic and carotid arteries. A pressure relief valve (not shown) may be provided to prevent excessive pressures when delivering blood to the patient. Alternatively, a pressure sensor may be coupled to the bypass system 10 so that the delivery of oxygenated blood ~is regulated to prevent excessive pressures. Although it i9 preferred to provide both the first and second pressure lumens, 34, 36, only one of the lumens 34, 36 may also be provided such as only the first lumen 34. The pressure lumens CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 34, 36 have connectors 33 suitable for connection to the pressure monitor 38.
Referring to Fig. 4, a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter 2 is shown. The pressure lumens 34, 36 are positioned opposite an inflation lumen 38 which is used to inflate the occluding member 12. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 is preferably reinforced with a wire 39 which is wound helically around catheter shaft 40. Fig. 5 shows an alternative construction in which the pressure lumens 34, 36 _ and inflation lumen 38 are positioned adjacent one another while Fig. 6 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 spaced around the periphery of the aortic occlusion catheter 2. The method of forming the catheter 2 is described in greater detail below.
Referring again to Figs. l-3, the occluding member 12 is preferably an inflatable balloon which may be made of any suitable elastic or inelastic material and a preferred material is polyurethane. The occluding member 12 is preferably bonded to the shaft 40 along a side 41 extending between proximal and distal ends 42, 44 of the occluding member 12. The resulting occluding member 12 expands toward one side of the shaft 40 in the manner shown in Figs. 1-3.
Although it is preferred to bond the side 41 of the occluding member 12 to the shaft 40, the occluding member 12 may also be bonded to the shaft 40 only at the proximal and distal ends 42, 44 so that the occluding member 12 expands in all directions around the shaft 40. The inflation lumen 38, which has an inflation opening 46 for inflating the occluding member 12, has a connector 48 suitable for connection to the source of inflation fluid 14 for inflating the occluding memberl2.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the sha~t 40 is preferably reinforced with the wire 39. Although it is - preferred to provide a wire-reinforced construction for the shaft 40, the shaft 40 may have any other suitable construction such as an extrusion. The catheter 2 is preferably very flexible with the preferred shape being substantially straight when in an unbiased condition.
Alternatively, the distal end of the catheter 2 may be =:
CA 022~6~70 1998-11-23 Wo9$/43696 PCT~S9X/06403 slightly curved in the manner shown at dotted line 50 in Fig. 3.
The method of constructing the wire-rein~orced sha~t 40 is now described with re~erence to Figs. 7-10. The method ~ begins with construction of a reinforced tube 52. A first tube 54 is mounted on a mandrel (not shown) and the wire 39 is wrapped in a helical fashion around the ~irst tube 54 in the manner shown in the longitudinal cross-section of Figs. 7 and 9. The wire 39 is pre~erably a stainless steel wire having a diameter of between .001 and .015 inch and more preferably .007 inch. A second tube 56 is then positioned over the wire 39 and the ~irst and second tubes 54, 56 are encased in a heat shrink tube (not shown) and heated so that the first and second tubes 54, 56 and wire 39 form the rein~orced tube 52 l=shown in Figs. 8 and 10, respectively. The first and second tubes 54, 56 preferably have a thickness of between .001 and .010 inch and more preferably .003 inch. The first and second tubes 54, 56 may be made of any ~uitable material and a pre~erred material is polyurethane.
The wire 39 is preferably wrapped around the second tube 56 with a larger spacing around portions 58 of the sha~t 40 where the proximal and distal opening~ 24, 26 will be ~ormed so that the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 may be formed without cutting through the wire 39. Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a uniform spacing of about .040 inch between adjacent portions of the wire 39 at the portions 58 where the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 will be ~ormed. Figs. 9 and 10 show a construction having alternating small and large spacing with the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 being formed in the portions 58 having the large spacing. Yet another method is to provide a uniform spacing throughout the shaft 40 with the spacing being large enough to permit forming the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 without cutting through the wire 39. Figs. 8 and 10 illustrate slight depressions between adjacent portions of the wire 39 which are eventually filled when the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 are added a~ described below.
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 After formation of the reinforced tubes 52 shown in Fig. 8 and 10, the first and second pressure lumens 34, 36 and the inflation lumen 38 are bonded to the reinforced tube 52.
Referring to Figs 11-13, the method of constructing the cross-sections shown in Figs. 4-6, respectively, is shown.
Fig. 11 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 carried together by a D-shaped extrusion 60 which is positioned opposite another D-shaped extrusion 62 for the inflation lumen 38. Fig. 12 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 both being carried by a single D-shaped extrusion 64. Fig. 13 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 each carried by a separate D-shaped extrusions 66, 68, 70, respectively, with the lumens 34, 36, 38 being spaced 120E apart from one another.
An outer tube 72 is positioned over the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38. The outer tube 72 is preferably inflated and the reinforced tube 52, pressure lumens 34, 36, and inflation lumen 38 are then positioned inside the outer tube 72. The outer tube 72 is then deflated 20 so that it contracts around the pressure lumens 34, 36, inflation lumen 38 and reinforced tube 52 in the manner shown in Figs. 11-13. The outer tube 72 is preferably made o~ the same material as the first and second tubes 54, 56 and has a thickness of between .001 and .010 inch and more preferably 25 .003 inch. A heat shrink tube (not shown) is positioned over the outer tube 72 and the entire structure is heated to form the integrated structures of Figs. 4-6. The pressure ports 35, 37 in the pressure lumens 34, 36, opening 46 in the inflation lumen 38, and proximal and distal openings 24, 26 in 30 the blood return lumen 22 are then formed. An advantage of adding the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 to the outside of the blood return lumen 22 is that the pressure - ports 35, 37 and opening 46 in the inflation lumen 38 do not need to be cut through the wire 39.
The aortic occlusion catheter 2 preferably has a soft tip 74 which is made of polyurethane and preferably doped with a radiopaque material so that the position may be visualized using fluoroscopy. The soft tip 74 is bonded to CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 the end of the shaft 4Q after forming the reinforced tube 52 so that the tip 74 does not include the wire 39 rein~orcing.
Radiopaque markers 76 are provided on both sides of the occluding member 12 to further aid in visualizing and =positioning the catheter 2 and occluding member 12 . The distal openings 26 are also formed through the soft tip 74.
While the above is a preferred description of the invention, various alter~ati~es, modi~ications and equivalents may be used without departing ~rom the scope of the invention.
~For example, the occluding member 12 can be an expandable member other than a balloon, the orientation of the aortic occlusion catheter 2 may be reversed with the aortic occlusion catheter 2 passing through another artery, such as the left subclavian artery, with the distal end extending into the brachiocephalic artery, and the aortic occlusion catheter 2 may also include a lumen for delivering cardioplegic fluid to the patient's ascending aorta and venting the aortic root.
Thus, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims.
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 is positioned to occlude or partially occlude the brachiocephalic artery. This would normally present a dangerous condition, however, the proximal openings 24 provide ~oxygenated blood to arteries downstream of the brachiocephalic artery such as the subclavian, carotid and axillary arteries so that even complete occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery i8 not a problem. Thus, an advantage of the aortic ocçlusion catheter 2 of the present invention is that the occluding member 12 i8 readily positioned away from the patient's aortic valve so that contact with the aortic valve is not a problem while also eliminating the risk that occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery will cut off blood to the carotid artery. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 is particularly 1~ useful when performing aortic valve procedures since the occluding member 12 i~ positioned far ~rom the aortic valve.
Referring to Figs. 1-4, the aortic occlusion catheter 2 has first and second pre~sure lumens 34, 36 coupled to a pressure monitor 38 for monitoring pressures proximal and distal to the occluding member 12. The ~irst and second pressure lumens 34, 36 have first and second pressure ports, 35, 37, re~pectively. Although it is preferred to provide the pressure lumens 34, 36, pressure sensing may be accomplished by any other method such as with pressure transducers. The =pre~sure monitor 38 is used to prevent excessively high or low blood pressure when delivering blood through the proximal and distal openings 24, 26. If, ~or example, the distal openings 26 are occluded or obstructed, all of the blood would be forced through the proximal openings 24 which may create =undesirably high pressures in the brachiocephalic and carotid arteries. A pressure relief valve (not shown) may be provided to prevent excessive pressures when delivering blood to the patient. Alternatively, a pressure sensor may be coupled to the bypass system 10 so that the delivery of oxygenated blood ~is regulated to prevent excessive pressures. Although it i9 preferred to provide both the first and second pressure lumens, 34, 36, only one of the lumens 34, 36 may also be provided such as only the first lumen 34. The pressure lumens CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 34, 36 have connectors 33 suitable for connection to the pressure monitor 38.
Referring to Fig. 4, a cross-sectional view of the aortic occlusion catheter 2 is shown. The pressure lumens 34, 36 are positioned opposite an inflation lumen 38 which is used to inflate the occluding member 12. The aortic occlusion catheter 2 is preferably reinforced with a wire 39 which is wound helically around catheter shaft 40. Fig. 5 shows an alternative construction in which the pressure lumens 34, 36 _ and inflation lumen 38 are positioned adjacent one another while Fig. 6 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 spaced around the periphery of the aortic occlusion catheter 2. The method of forming the catheter 2 is described in greater detail below.
Referring again to Figs. l-3, the occluding member 12 is preferably an inflatable balloon which may be made of any suitable elastic or inelastic material and a preferred material is polyurethane. The occluding member 12 is preferably bonded to the shaft 40 along a side 41 extending between proximal and distal ends 42, 44 of the occluding member 12. The resulting occluding member 12 expands toward one side of the shaft 40 in the manner shown in Figs. 1-3.
Although it is preferred to bond the side 41 of the occluding member 12 to the shaft 40, the occluding member 12 may also be bonded to the shaft 40 only at the proximal and distal ends 42, 44 so that the occluding member 12 expands in all directions around the shaft 40. The inflation lumen 38, which has an inflation opening 46 for inflating the occluding member 12, has a connector 48 suitable for connection to the source of inflation fluid 14 for inflating the occluding memberl2.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the sha~t 40 is preferably reinforced with the wire 39. Although it is - preferred to provide a wire-reinforced construction for the shaft 40, the shaft 40 may have any other suitable construction such as an extrusion. The catheter 2 is preferably very flexible with the preferred shape being substantially straight when in an unbiased condition.
Alternatively, the distal end of the catheter 2 may be =:
CA 022~6~70 1998-11-23 Wo9$/43696 PCT~S9X/06403 slightly curved in the manner shown at dotted line 50 in Fig. 3.
The method of constructing the wire-rein~orced sha~t 40 is now described with re~erence to Figs. 7-10. The method ~ begins with construction of a reinforced tube 52. A first tube 54 is mounted on a mandrel (not shown) and the wire 39 is wrapped in a helical fashion around the ~irst tube 54 in the manner shown in the longitudinal cross-section of Figs. 7 and 9. The wire 39 is pre~erably a stainless steel wire having a diameter of between .001 and .015 inch and more preferably .007 inch. A second tube 56 is then positioned over the wire 39 and the ~irst and second tubes 54, 56 are encased in a heat shrink tube (not shown) and heated so that the first and second tubes 54, 56 and wire 39 form the rein~orced tube 52 l=shown in Figs. 8 and 10, respectively. The first and second tubes 54, 56 preferably have a thickness of between .001 and .010 inch and more preferably .003 inch. The first and second tubes 54, 56 may be made of any ~uitable material and a pre~erred material is polyurethane.
The wire 39 is preferably wrapped around the second tube 56 with a larger spacing around portions 58 of the sha~t 40 where the proximal and distal opening~ 24, 26 will be ~ormed so that the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 may be formed without cutting through the wire 39. Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a uniform spacing of about .040 inch between adjacent portions of the wire 39 at the portions 58 where the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 will be ~ormed. Figs. 9 and 10 show a construction having alternating small and large spacing with the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 being formed in the portions 58 having the large spacing. Yet another method is to provide a uniform spacing throughout the shaft 40 with the spacing being large enough to permit forming the proximal and distal openings 24, 26 without cutting through the wire 39. Figs. 8 and 10 illustrate slight depressions between adjacent portions of the wire 39 which are eventually filled when the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 are added a~ described below.
CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 After formation of the reinforced tubes 52 shown in Fig. 8 and 10, the first and second pressure lumens 34, 36 and the inflation lumen 38 are bonded to the reinforced tube 52.
Referring to Figs 11-13, the method of constructing the cross-sections shown in Figs. 4-6, respectively, is shown.
Fig. 11 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 carried together by a D-shaped extrusion 60 which is positioned opposite another D-shaped extrusion 62 for the inflation lumen 38. Fig. 12 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 both being carried by a single D-shaped extrusion 64. Fig. 13 shows the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 each carried by a separate D-shaped extrusions 66, 68, 70, respectively, with the lumens 34, 36, 38 being spaced 120E apart from one another.
An outer tube 72 is positioned over the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38. The outer tube 72 is preferably inflated and the reinforced tube 52, pressure lumens 34, 36, and inflation lumen 38 are then positioned inside the outer tube 72. The outer tube 72 is then deflated 20 so that it contracts around the pressure lumens 34, 36, inflation lumen 38 and reinforced tube 52 in the manner shown in Figs. 11-13. The outer tube 72 is preferably made o~ the same material as the first and second tubes 54, 56 and has a thickness of between .001 and .010 inch and more preferably 25 .003 inch. A heat shrink tube (not shown) is positioned over the outer tube 72 and the entire structure is heated to form the integrated structures of Figs. 4-6. The pressure ports 35, 37 in the pressure lumens 34, 36, opening 46 in the inflation lumen 38, and proximal and distal openings 24, 26 in 30 the blood return lumen 22 are then formed. An advantage of adding the pressure lumens 34, 36 and inflation lumen 38 to the outside of the blood return lumen 22 is that the pressure - ports 35, 37 and opening 46 in the inflation lumen 38 do not need to be cut through the wire 39.
The aortic occlusion catheter 2 preferably has a soft tip 74 which is made of polyurethane and preferably doped with a radiopaque material so that the position may be visualized using fluoroscopy. The soft tip 74 is bonded to CA 022~6~70 l998-ll-23 W098/43696 PCT~S98/06403 the end of the shaft 4Q after forming the reinforced tube 52 so that the tip 74 does not include the wire 39 rein~orcing.
Radiopaque markers 76 are provided on both sides of the occluding member 12 to further aid in visualizing and =positioning the catheter 2 and occluding member 12 . The distal openings 26 are also formed through the soft tip 74.
While the above is a preferred description of the invention, various alter~ati~es, modi~ications and equivalents may be used without departing ~rom the scope of the invention.
~For example, the occluding member 12 can be an expandable member other than a balloon, the orientation of the aortic occlusion catheter 2 may be reversed with the aortic occlusion catheter 2 passing through another artery, such as the left subclavian artery, with the distal end extending into the brachiocephalic artery, and the aortic occlusion catheter 2 may also include a lumen for delivering cardioplegic fluid to the patient's ascending aorta and venting the aortic root.
Thus, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method of occluding a patient's ascending aorta and returning oxygenated blood to the patient, comprising the steps of:
providing an aortic occlusion catheter having a shaft, an occluding member mounted to the shaft, a blood flow lumen, a first opening positioned proximal of the occluding member, and a second opening positioned distal to the occluding member, the first and second openings being fluidly coupled to the blood flow lumen;
positioning the aortic occlusion catheter in at least a portion of a patient's brachiocephalic artery;
expanding the occluding member to an expanded condition so that the patient's ascending aorta is thereby occluded;
coupling the blood flow lumen to a source of oxygenated blood; and infusing oxygenated blood from the source of oxygenated blood into the patient though the blood flow lumen and first and second openings
providing an aortic occlusion catheter having a shaft, an occluding member mounted to the shaft, a blood flow lumen, a first opening positioned proximal of the occluding member, and a second opening positioned distal to the occluding member, the first and second openings being fluidly coupled to the blood flow lumen;
positioning the aortic occlusion catheter in at least a portion of a patient's brachiocephalic artery;
expanding the occluding member to an expanded condition so that the patient's ascending aorta is thereby occluded;
coupling the blood flow lumen to a source of oxygenated blood; and infusing oxygenated blood from the source of oxygenated blood into the patient though the blood flow lumen and first and second openings
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the expanding step is carried out so that the patient's brachiocephalic artery is occluded at the aortic arch.
the expanding step is carried out so that the patient's brachiocephalic artery is occluded at the aortic arch.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the providing step is carried out with the occluding member being a balloon, the balloon being attached to the shaft at a proximal portion and a distal portion, the balloon also being attached to the shaft along a section extending between the proximal and distal portions.
the providing step is carried out with the occluding member being a balloon, the balloon being attached to the shaft at a proximal portion and a distal portion, the balloon also being attached to the shaft along a section extending between the proximal and distal portions.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the positioning step is carried out with the aortic occlusion catheter passing through the patient's right subclavian artery.
the positioning step is carried out with the aortic occlusion catheter passing through the patient's right subclavian artery.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
creating an opening in an artery of the patient, the opening being created in an artery selected from the group consisting of subclavian and axillary arteries; and inserting the aortic occlusion catheter through the opening.
creating an opening in an artery of the patient, the opening being created in an artery selected from the group consisting of subclavian and axillary arteries; and inserting the aortic occlusion catheter through the opening.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
measuring a pressure on a side of the occluding member.
measuring a pressure on a side of the occluding member.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of:
measuring a pressure on the other side of the occluding member.
measuring a pressure on the other side of the occluding member.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
stopping the patient's heart with a cardioplegic fluid;
withdrawing blood from the patient through a venous cannula;
directing the blood withdrawn from the venous cannula to a bypass system and from the bypass system to the blood flow lumen of the aortic occlusion catheter.
stopping the patient's heart with a cardioplegic fluid;
withdrawing blood from the patient through a venous cannula;
directing the blood withdrawn from the venous cannula to a bypass system and from the bypass system to the blood flow lumen of the aortic occlusion catheter.
9. A catheter system for occluding a patient's ascending aorta and returning oxygenated blood to the patient from a bypass system, comprising:
a shaft having a blood flow lumen, the blood flow lumen being sized to provide full bypass support for a patient; and an occluding member mounted to the shaft, the occluding member having a collapsed shape and an expanded shape, the expanded shape being sized and configured to occlude a patient's ascending aorta;
the shaft also having first and second openings in fluid communication with the blood flow lumen, the first opening being positioned proximal to the occluding member and the second opening being positioned distal to the occluding member.
a shaft having a blood flow lumen, the blood flow lumen being sized to provide full bypass support for a patient; and an occluding member mounted to the shaft, the occluding member having a collapsed shape and an expanded shape, the expanded shape being sized and configured to occlude a patient's ascending aorta;
the shaft also having first and second openings in fluid communication with the blood flow lumen, the first opening being positioned proximal to the occluding member and the second opening being positioned distal to the occluding member.
10. The catheter system of claim 9, wherein:
the occluding member is attached to the shaft at a proximal portion and a distal portion, the occluding member also being attached to the shaft along a portion extending between the proximal and distal portions.
the occluding member is attached to the shaft at a proximal portion and a distal portion, the occluding member also being attached to the shaft along a portion extending between the proximal and distal portions.
11. The catheter system of claim 9, further comprising:
means for sensing a pressure on a side of the occluding member.
means for sensing a pressure on a side of the occluding member.
12. The catheter system of claim 11, further comprising:
means for sensing a pressure on another side of the occluding member.
means for sensing a pressure on another side of the occluding member.
13. The catheter system of claim 9, wherein:
the shaft includes a reinforcing wire.
the shaft includes a reinforcing wire.
14. The catheter system of claim 9, further comprising:
a venous cannula having a blood withdrawal lumen; and a bypass system coupled to the blood withdrawal lumen for receiving blood from the patient, the bypass system also being coupled to the blood flow lumen for returning blood to the patient.
a venous cannula having a blood withdrawal lumen; and a bypass system coupled to the blood withdrawal lumen for receiving blood from the patient, the bypass system also being coupled to the blood flow lumen for returning blood to the patient.
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US08/831,102 US5755687A (en) | 1997-04-01 | 1997-04-01 | Methods and devices for occluding a patient's ascending aorta |
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PCT/US1998/006403 WO1998043696A1 (en) | 1997-04-01 | 1998-03-31 | Methods and devices for occluding a patient's ascending aorta |
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-
1997
- 1997-04-01 US US08/831,102 patent/US5755687A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-03-31 DE DE69828561T patent/DE69828561T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-31 EP EP98917974A patent/EP0912212B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-31 WO PCT/US1998/006403 patent/WO1998043696A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-03-31 AT AT98917974T patent/ATE286761T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-31 CA CA002256570A patent/CA2256570A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-31 JP JP54195598A patent/JP4334022B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-31 AU AU70997/98A patent/AU742276B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-03-31 ES ES98917974T patent/ES2236897T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-22 US US09/083,765 patent/US6056723A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-11-01 US US09/430,924 patent/US6423031B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE69828561T2 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
DE69828561D1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
ATE286761T1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
AU7099798A (en) | 1998-10-22 |
JP4334022B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
EP0912212A4 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
EP0912212B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
US6423031B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
ES2236897T3 (en) | 2005-07-16 |
EP0912212A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
US6056723A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
JP2000511461A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
AU742276B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
WO1998043696A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
US5755687A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
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