CA2280165A1 - Occupancy sensor and method of operating same - Google Patents

Occupancy sensor and method of operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2280165A1
CA2280165A1 CA002280165A CA2280165A CA2280165A1 CA 2280165 A1 CA2280165 A1 CA 2280165A1 CA 002280165 A CA002280165 A CA 002280165A CA 2280165 A CA2280165 A CA 2280165A CA 2280165 A1 CA2280165 A1 CA 2280165A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
load controller
occupancy
composite
sensor
signal
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Granted
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CA002280165A
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French (fr)
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CA2280165C (en
Inventor
Douglas D. Myron
Vadim A. Konradi
Bruce G. Williams
John J. Fowler
Timothy W. Woytek
Jonathan D. Williams
Gerard L. Cullen
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Hubbell Inc
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Individual
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Priority claimed from US08/795,327 external-priority patent/US5986357A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA002562143A priority Critical patent/CA2562143C/en
Publication of CA2280165A1 publication Critical patent/CA2280165A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2280165C publication Critical patent/CA2280165C/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/25—Fusion techniques
    • G06F18/254—Fusion techniques of classification results, e.g. of results related to same input data
    • G06F18/256—Fusion techniques of classification results, e.g. of results related to same input data of results relating to different input data, e.g. multimodal recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/20—Movements or behaviour, e.g. gesture recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/04—Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals
    • G11C29/08—Functional testing, e.g. testing during refresh, power-on self testing [POST] or distributed testing
    • G11C29/12—Built-in arrangements for testing, e.g. built-in self testing [BIST] or interconnection details
    • G11C29/14—Implementation of control logic, e.g. test mode decoders
    • G11C29/16—Implementation of control logic, e.g. test mode decoders using microprogrammed units, e.g. state machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/04—Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals
    • G11C29/08—Functional testing, e.g. testing during refresh, power-on self testing [POST] or distributed testing
    • G11C29/12—Built-in arrangements for testing, e.g. built-in self testing [BIST] or interconnection details
    • G11C29/36—Data generation devices, e.g. data inverters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00—Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/04—Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals
    • G11C29/08—Functional testing, e.g. testing during refresh, power-on self testing [POST] or distributed testing
    • G11C29/12—Built-in arrangements for testing, e.g. built-in self testing [BIST] or interconnection details
    • G11C29/38—Response verification devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
    • H05B47/13—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings by using passive infrared detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/11—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the brightness or colour temperature of ambient light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
    • H05B47/12—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings by detecting audible sound
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Abstract

A multiple sensing technology-based occupancy sensor. Ultrasonic and infrared sensors are used to produce first and second occupancy estimator signals that are combined using a fusion based detection algorithm to produce a combined estimator signal. The combined estimator is then used to switch electrical loads when the combined estimator signal is above a predetermined threshold.
The result is an occupancy sensor that has a very high probability of occupancy detection and a low probability of false tripping. In addition, infrared sensitivity is adjusted based upon an estimation of the background noise in order to minimize the occurrence of false tripping.

Claims (82)

1. An occupancy based load controller, comprising:
a plurality of occupancy sensors for producing a respective plurality of occupancy estimator signals, each indicative of motion within a space;
a programmable microprocessor, connected to said plurality of occupancy sensors, for calculating a composite occupancy estimator signal from said plurality of occupancy estimator signals, and for comparing said composite occupancy estimator signal to a composite activation threshold; and a controllable load energizing device responsive to said programmable microprocessor, operable to automatically energize an electrical load when said microprocessor determines that said composite occupancy estimator signal is greater than said composite activation threshold.
2. The load controller of claim 1, wherein said plurality of occupancy estimator signals are digital representations based on signal levels detected at said plurality of occupancy sensors.
3. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor.
4. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector.
5. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive audio acoustic detector.
6. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a microwave transmitter and sensor.
7. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, and a passive infrared detector.
8. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, a passive infrared detector, and a microwave transmitter and sensor.
9. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, a passive infrared detector, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
10. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, a passive infrared detector, a microwave transmitter and sensor, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
11. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector, and a microwave transmitter and sensor.
12. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
13. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector, an microwave transmitter and sensor, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
14. The load controller of claim 1, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a microwave transmitter and sensor, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
15. The load controller of claim 1, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by calculating an arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
16. The load controller of claim 1, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by calculating a weighted arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
17. The load controller of claim 1, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by calculating a Yager Union function of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
18. The load controller of claim 1, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a table look-up based on said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
19. The load controller of claim 1, said composite activation threshold being programmable.
20. The load controller of claim 1, said programmable microprocessor being operable to adaptively adjust a sensitivity of at least one of said plurality of occupancy sensors.
21. The load controller of claim 20, said sensitivity of said at least one of said plurality of occupancy sensors being adjusted based on historical usage patterns of said space.
22. The load controller of claim 20, said sensitivity of said at least one of said plurality of occupancy sensors being adjusted based on detection of false-on events,
23. The load controller of claim 20, said sensitivity of said at least one of said plurality of occupancy sensors being adjusted based on detection of false-off events.
24. The load controller of claim 1, further comprising am environmental sensor, connected to said microprocessor, for sensing an environmental condition of said space.
25. The load controller of claim 24, said environmental sensor comprising an ambient temperature sensor.
26. The load controller of claim 24, said environmental sensor comprising an ambient light sensor.
27. The load controller of claim 1, further comprising means for storing a status of said load controller and status reporting means for visually indicating said status of said load controller.
28. The load controller of claim 24, said status reporting means being operable to visually indicate said status of said load controller at predetermined time intervals.
29. The load controller of claim 27, said status reporting means being operable to visually indicate said status of said load controller upon user interrogation.
30. The load controller of claim 27, said status reporting means being operable to visually indicate said status of said load controller upon detecting a predetermined motion pattern.
31. The load controller of claim 3, said ultrasonic transmitter transmitting continuous wave ultrasonic signals and said ultrasonic sensor comprising an ultrasonic signal receiver and a controllable gain preamplifier circuit having an input connected to receive a Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal produced by said ultrasonic receiver, and an output providing a Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal with controllable amplitude.
32. The load controller of claim 31, said ultrasonic sensor further comprising a zero crossing phase lock loop sampling point circuit having an input connected to receive a sampling point control signal and an output providing a sample of said Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal near a zero crossing point of said Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal.
33. The load controller of claim 1, said programmable microprocessor further comparing said composite occupancy estimator signal to a composite maintenance threshold, and said controllable load energizing device being operable to continue energizing said electrical load when said microprocessor determines that said composite occupancy estimator signal is greater than said composite maintenance threshold.
34. The load controller of claim 33, wherein said plurality of occupancy estimator signals are digital representations based in signal levels detected at said plurality of occupancy sensors.
35. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter sensor.
36. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector.
37. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive audio acoustic detector.
38. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a microwave transmitter and sensor.
39. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, and a passive infrared detector.
40. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, and a passive infrared detector, and a microwave transmitter and sensor.
41. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, and a passive infrared detector, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
42. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including an ultrasonic transmitter and sensor, and a passive infrared detector, and a microwave transmitter and sensor, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
43. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector, and a microwave transmitter and sensor.
44. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
45. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a passive infrared detector, and a microwave transmitter and sensor, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
46. The load controller of claim 33, said plurality of occupancy sensors including a microwave transmitter and sensor, and a passive audio acoustic detector.
47. The load controller of claim 33, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by calculating an arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
48. The load controller of claim 33, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by calculating a weighted arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
49. The load controller of claim 33, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by calculating a Yager Union function of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
50. The load controller of claim 33, said programmable microprocessor being operable to calculate said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a table look-up based on said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
51. The load controller of claim 33, said composite activation threshold being programmable.
52. The load controller of claim 33, said composite maintenance being programmable.
53. The load controller of claim 33, said composite activation threshold and said composite maintenance threshold both being programmable.
54. The load controller of claim 33, said programmable microprocessor being operable to adaptively adjust a sensitivity of at least one of said plurality of occupancy sensors.
55. The load controller of claim 54, said sensitivity of said at least one of said plurality of occupancy being adjusted based on historical usage patterns of said space.
56. The load controller of claim 54, said sensitivity of said at least one of said plurality of occupancy being adjusted based on detection of false-on events.
57. The load controller of claim 54, said sensitivity of said at least one of said plurality of occupancy being adjusted based on detection of false-off events.
58. The load controller of claim 33, further comprising an environmental sensor, connected to said microprocessor, for sensing an environmental condition of said space. .
59. The load controller of claim 58, said environmental sensor comprising an ambient temperature sensor.
60. The load controller of claim 58, said environmental sensor comprising an ambient light sensor.
61. The load controller of claim 33, further comprising means for storing a status of said load controller and status reporting means for visually indicating said status of said load controller.
62. The load controller of claim 61, said status reporting means being operable to visually indicate said status of said toad controller at pre-determined time intervals.
63. The load controller of claim 61, said status reporting means being operable to visually indicate said status of said toad controller upon user interrogation.
64. The load controller of claim 61, said status reporting means being operable to visually indicate said status of said load controller upon detecting a predetermined motion pattern.
65. The load controller of claim 35, said ultrasonic transmitter transmitting continuous wave ultrasonic signals and said ultrasonic sensor comprising an ultrasonic signal receiver and a controllable gain preamplifier circuit having an input connected to receive a Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal produced by said ultrasonic receiver, and an output providing a Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal with controllable amplitude.
66. The load controller of claim 65, said ultrasonic sensor further comprising a zero crossing phase lock loop sampling point circuit having an input connected to receive a sampling point control signal and an output providing a sample of said Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal near a zero crossing point of said Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal.
67. A method controlling an electrical load as a function of occupancy of a space, comprising:
generating a plurality of occupancy estimator signals indicative of motion within a space;
calculating a composite occupancy estimator signal from said plurality of occupancy estimator signals;
comparing said composite occupancy estimator signal to a composite activation threshold; and energizing the electrical load when said composite occupancy estimator signal is greater than said composite activation threshold.
68. The method of claim 67, further comprising comparing said composite occupancy estimator signal to a composite maintenance threshold and continuing to energize an electrical load when said composite occupancy estimator signal is greater than said composite maintenance threshold.
69. The method of claim 67, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing an arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
70. The method of claim 67, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a weighted arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
71. The method of claim 67, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a Yager Union function of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
72. The method of claim 67, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a table look-up based on said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
73. The method of claim 67, further comprising programmably adjusting the composite activation threshold.
74. The method of claim 68, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing an arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
75. The method of claim 68, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a weighted arithmetic sum of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
76. The method of claim 68, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a Yager Union function of said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
77. The method of claim 68, said calculating step further comprising calculating said composite occupancy estimator signal by performing a table look-up based on said plurality of occupancy estimator signals.
78. The method of claim 68, further comprising programmably adjusting the composite activation threshold.
79. The method of claim 68, further comprising programmably adjusting the composite maintenance threshold.
80. The method of claim 68, further comprising programmably adjusting the composite activation threshold and the composite maintenance threshold.
81. A method of controlling an electrical load as a function of occupancy of a space comprising:
transmitting continuous wave ultrasonic signals into said space;
receiving a Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal reflected from said space;
sampling said Doppler shifted ultrasonic signal near a zero crossing point of said Doppler shifted ultrasonic signal to provide a sampled Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal;
detecting occupancy of said space as a function of said sampled Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal; and energizing the electrical load when said sampled Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal indicates that said space is occupied.
82. The method of claim 81, said sampling step comprising sampling said Doppler-shifted ultrasonic signal as a function of continuous wave ultrasonic signals transmitted into said space.
CA2280165A 1997-02-04 1998-02-04 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same Expired - Lifetime CA2280165C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002562143A CA2562143C (en) 1997-02-04 1998-02-04 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/795,327 US5986357A (en) 1997-02-04 1997-02-04 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same
US08/795,327 1997-02-04
US08/951,119 1997-10-15
US08/951,119 US6078253A (en) 1997-02-04 1997-10-15 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same
PCT/US1998/002010 WO1998034206A1 (en) 1997-02-04 1998-02-04 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002562143A Division CA2562143C (en) 1997-02-04 1998-02-04 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same

Publications (2)

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CA2280165A1 true CA2280165A1 (en) 1998-08-06
CA2280165C CA2280165C (en) 2011-01-04

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CA2280165A Expired - Lifetime CA2280165C (en) 1997-02-04 1998-02-04 Occupancy sensor and method of operating same

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US (1) US6078253A (en)
EP (1) EP0958562B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE309592T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6054998A (en)
CA (1) CA2280165C (en)
DE (1) DE69832259T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998034206A1 (en)

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AU6054998A (en) 1998-08-25
US6078253A (en) 2000-06-20
WO1998034206A1 (en) 1998-08-06
EP0958562B1 (en) 2005-11-09
DE69832259T2 (en) 2006-06-01
ATE309592T1 (en) 2005-11-15
DE69832259D1 (en) 2005-12-15
CA2280165C (en) 2011-01-04
EP0958562A1 (en) 1999-11-24

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