CA2329702A1 - Improved display - Google Patents
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- CA2329702A1 CA2329702A1 CA002329702A CA2329702A CA2329702A1 CA 2329702 A1 CA2329702 A1 CA 2329702A1 CA 002329702 A CA002329702 A CA 002329702A CA 2329702 A CA2329702 A CA 2329702A CA 2329702 A1 CA2329702 A1 CA 2329702A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/597—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/52—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
- H04N13/395—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
- H04N13/106—Processing image signals
- H04N13/15—Processing image signals for colour aspects of image signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
- H04N13/189—Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
- H04N13/194—Transmission of image signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
- H04N13/239—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
- H04N13/243—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using three or more 2D image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/334—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using spectral multiplexing
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- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/337—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using polarisation multiplexing
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- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
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Abstract
A device which selectively diffuses light for use as an independent display or in conjuncture with multileveled imaging systems.
Description
IMPROVED DISPLAY
This invention relates to improvements in displays.
Specifically the present invention will be described for use in liquid crystal display screens. However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other applications may be considered and reference to liquid crystal displays only should in no way be seen as limiting.
1 o BACKGROUND ART
Liquid crystal displays are popular types of display screens. They are commonly used as display screens for laptop computers, where the size and weight of the screen and associated computer is important. Smaller size liquid crystal displays are also well known in numerous applications other than computer screen displays.
A liquid crystal display is in simple terms constructed from four layers of material and a large number of liquid crystals. Normally a display is formed firstly by placing a polarises on one surface of an alignment layer. Liquid crystals are placed between the first 2o alignment Iayer and a second alignment layer used to retain liquid crystals in place. Lastly, a second polarises is placed on the remaining outside surface of the second alignment layer.
VPhen the screen is in use, an electric field is applied to selected regions of the liquid crystal held within the alignment layers.
25 Under normal conditions unpolarised light is projected at the first polarises. Polarised light is transmitted through the first polarises SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) into the first alignment layer. Next this polarised light is transmitted through the liquid crystals of the display.
The liquid crystals used are optically active and will twist the polarised light through a set angle. The alignment layers used 5 ensure the liquid crystals are orientated in a parallel fashion, usually in line with the polarizer orientation, imposing light transmitted through the crystals with the same twist or deviation.
Alignment layers in conventional LC displays are microscopic parallel grooved lines achieved by rubbing the layer with a fine 1 o device in a single direction.
Lastly, the twisted polarised light is transmitted through the last polarising layer. The last polariser is configured so as to only allow light polarised at a particular angle to be transmitted through out the front of the display. This specific polarising angle is the angle 15 at which light is normally twisted to by the liquid crystals.
When an electric field is applied to a region containing liquid crystals, the field causes these crystals to turn to a new orientation. Polarised light hitting the newly orientated crystals will be twisted through a different angle, and hence will not be 20 transmitted through the last polariser.
In this manner a selectively applied electric field causes light to be transmitted through certain regions of a display and absorbed by certain regions of a display, hence creating a display surface which may be electronically controlled. Modern liquid crystal displays 25 have improved on this basic description by adding coloured filters so colours other than white or black may be displayed.
However, due to the design of such liquid crystal or LC displays, the image presented contains a number of faults.
This invention relates to improvements in displays.
Specifically the present invention will be described for use in liquid crystal display screens. However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other applications may be considered and reference to liquid crystal displays only should in no way be seen as limiting.
1 o BACKGROUND ART
Liquid crystal displays are popular types of display screens. They are commonly used as display screens for laptop computers, where the size and weight of the screen and associated computer is important. Smaller size liquid crystal displays are also well known in numerous applications other than computer screen displays.
A liquid crystal display is in simple terms constructed from four layers of material and a large number of liquid crystals. Normally a display is formed firstly by placing a polarises on one surface of an alignment layer. Liquid crystals are placed between the first 2o alignment Iayer and a second alignment layer used to retain liquid crystals in place. Lastly, a second polarises is placed on the remaining outside surface of the second alignment layer.
VPhen the screen is in use, an electric field is applied to selected regions of the liquid crystal held within the alignment layers.
25 Under normal conditions unpolarised light is projected at the first polarises. Polarised light is transmitted through the first polarises SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) into the first alignment layer. Next this polarised light is transmitted through the liquid crystals of the display.
The liquid crystals used are optically active and will twist the polarised light through a set angle. The alignment layers used 5 ensure the liquid crystals are orientated in a parallel fashion, usually in line with the polarizer orientation, imposing light transmitted through the crystals with the same twist or deviation.
Alignment layers in conventional LC displays are microscopic parallel grooved lines achieved by rubbing the layer with a fine 1 o device in a single direction.
Lastly, the twisted polarised light is transmitted through the last polarising layer. The last polariser is configured so as to only allow light polarised at a particular angle to be transmitted through out the front of the display. This specific polarising angle is the angle 15 at which light is normally twisted to by the liquid crystals.
When an electric field is applied to a region containing liquid crystals, the field causes these crystals to turn to a new orientation. Polarised light hitting the newly orientated crystals will be twisted through a different angle, and hence will not be 20 transmitted through the last polariser.
In this manner a selectively applied electric field causes light to be transmitted through certain regions of a display and absorbed by certain regions of a display, hence creating a display surface which may be electronically controlled. Modern liquid crystal displays 25 have improved on this basic description by adding coloured filters so colours other than white or black may be displayed.
However, due to the design of such liquid crystal or LC displays, the image presented contains a number of faults.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The use of two polarisers in a standard LC display significantly cuts down the angles from which the display may be viewed to observe a well-resolved image. If viewed from a wide angle LC
images tend to lose cohesion as compared to the images viewed 5 from directly in front of the display.
The use of the two polarisers in standard LC displays also significantly cuts down the amount of light transmitted through the display. In most instances a strong background light source must be used to ensure that enough light is transmitted through 1 o the display to illuminate images for an observer.
The use of the two polarisers in the construction of the above LG
display also increases the manufacturing time and cost for such a device. Extra time and money is required to apply the polarising layers to opposite sides of a display.
15 The process to create aligment layers in a standard parallel fashion is well developed.
Variations on the LC display have incorporated dispersed polymers in the liquid crystal. These displays effectively diffuse output light dependant on orientation of foreign partices dispersed within the 20 liquid crystal.
This use of polymer dispersed liquid crystals is limited by the costs assosiated with production and the clarity of image produced.
Generaly these types of displays are used as light switches in large sizes such as windows.
25 The applicants have found standard liquid crystal displays to be deficient when applied in deep video imaging technology. Deep video imaging technology is the subject of co-pending New Zealand Patent Application Nos. NZ314566, NZ 328074 and NZ 329130 as well as PCT Application Nos. PCT /NZ 98/ 00098 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Deep video imaging relates to a new method and apparatus for displaying images. A "deep" video image is formed by two or more display screens combined together so that an observer may see an image on the first screen closest to them as well as an image on a 5 second screen behind the first screen. The view seen by an observer may be defined as a 'composite image', which is formed from images displayed on each of the screens. Because of the physical displacement between the display screens used, the composite image observed will seem to be three-dimensional. An 10 image on a front screen can recede onto a rear screen and vice versa, creating the illusion of depth.
The applicants have found that liquid crystal displays may be used in deep video imaging applications. A rear screen may be formed from a LC display which includes a backlighting source behind the 15 display. A second LC display may be positioned in front of the rear display and will not include conventional backlighting components, as these would interfere with light transmitted from a rear screen.
In effect, the front screen is substantially transparent, allowing light to be transmitted from the rear screen to the eyes of an 20 observer.
The applicants have found the use of combined liquid crystal displays creates a number of faults in the composite image viewed.
Images created on a front screen will be transparent when not black. An observer will be able to look through the front screen 25 (and hence foreground images) onto the rear screen.
Combining two LC displays together in front of an observer creates fringe patterns on the face of the displays. The regular structure associated with the alignment layers of each LC display sets up a pattern in the light transmitted, with the combination of the two 3o patterns creating Moire interference effects.
images tend to lose cohesion as compared to the images viewed 5 from directly in front of the display.
The use of the two polarisers in standard LC displays also significantly cuts down the amount of light transmitted through the display. In most instances a strong background light source must be used to ensure that enough light is transmitted through 1 o the display to illuminate images for an observer.
The use of the two polarisers in the construction of the above LG
display also increases the manufacturing time and cost for such a device. Extra time and money is required to apply the polarising layers to opposite sides of a display.
15 The process to create aligment layers in a standard parallel fashion is well developed.
Variations on the LC display have incorporated dispersed polymers in the liquid crystal. These displays effectively diffuse output light dependant on orientation of foreign partices dispersed within the 20 liquid crystal.
This use of polymer dispersed liquid crystals is limited by the costs assosiated with production and the clarity of image produced.
Generaly these types of displays are used as light switches in large sizes such as windows.
25 The applicants have found standard liquid crystal displays to be deficient when applied in deep video imaging technology. Deep video imaging technology is the subject of co-pending New Zealand Patent Application Nos. NZ314566, NZ 328074 and NZ 329130 as well as PCT Application Nos. PCT /NZ 98/ 00098 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Deep video imaging relates to a new method and apparatus for displaying images. A "deep" video image is formed by two or more display screens combined together so that an observer may see an image on the first screen closest to them as well as an image on a 5 second screen behind the first screen. The view seen by an observer may be defined as a 'composite image', which is formed from images displayed on each of the screens. Because of the physical displacement between the display screens used, the composite image observed will seem to be three-dimensional. An 10 image on a front screen can recede onto a rear screen and vice versa, creating the illusion of depth.
The applicants have found that liquid crystal displays may be used in deep video imaging applications. A rear screen may be formed from a LC display which includes a backlighting source behind the 15 display. A second LC display may be positioned in front of the rear display and will not include conventional backlighting components, as these would interfere with light transmitted from a rear screen.
In effect, the front screen is substantially transparent, allowing light to be transmitted from the rear screen to the eyes of an 20 observer.
The applicants have found the use of combined liquid crystal displays creates a number of faults in the composite image viewed.
Images created on a front screen will be transparent when not black. An observer will be able to look through the front screen 25 (and hence foreground images) onto the rear screen.
Combining two LC displays together in front of an observer creates fringe patterns on the face of the displays. The regular structure associated with the alignment layers of each LC display sets up a pattern in the light transmitted, with the combination of the two 3o patterns creating Moire interference effects.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Deep video imaging using standard LC displays also have issues with motion parallax and occlusion. An observer at a wide angle from the centre of the display will observe images on the front and rear screens in different positions than the observer viewing the 5 display front on. To provide an observer with a "3D" effect from the display one image processing technique considered is to gradually reduce in size a front screen image and then transfer this image to the rear screen, giving the illusion that the image is moving backwards.
1 o However, this processing technique poses problems when the display is viewed from simultaneous varied angles. When the image from the front screen is transferred to the rear screen, the point at which the image appears to be travelling to on the rear screen, as seen by an observer directly in front of the display is 15 different to that seen by an observer off at an angle. When the front image is transferred to the rear screen some will see the image jump or flick to a new position, ruining the illusion that the front screen image is receding.
An improved display, which solved any or all of the above 2o problems, would be of great advantage over the prior art.
It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description, which is given by 25 way of example only.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a display which includes at least two retainer (aligment) layers, and SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) at /east one optically active element, wherein retainer layers are configured to retain active elements in a random homogeneous configuration in a first instance, and in a regular configuration in the second instance.
5 According to further aspect of the present invention there is provided a retainer layer adapted for use in a display as described above, wherein the retainer layer is configured to retain optically active elements in irregular orientations.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is 1o provided a method of operating displays substantially as described above wherein the method is characterised by the steps of:
a) selectively applying a field to a first region containing at least two active elements, and b) aligning active elements within said region with each other to 15 have substantially the same orientation, and c) transmitting light through the first region so that the light exhibits a first characteristic, and d) transmitting light through regions other than the first region so that the transmitted light exhibits a second characteristic.
2o In a preferred embodiment the display may be configured using liquid crystal display technology.
Reference for other specifications shall now be made to the display as being a device which uses liquid crystal technology. However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of 25 display may be used in conjunction with the present invention and reference to the liquid crystal technology only should in no way be seen as limiting.
1 o However, this processing technique poses problems when the display is viewed from simultaneous varied angles. When the image from the front screen is transferred to the rear screen, the point at which the image appears to be travelling to on the rear screen, as seen by an observer directly in front of the display is 15 different to that seen by an observer off at an angle. When the front image is transferred to the rear screen some will see the image jump or flick to a new position, ruining the illusion that the front screen image is receding.
An improved display, which solved any or all of the above 2o problems, would be of great advantage over the prior art.
It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description, which is given by 25 way of example only.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a display which includes at least two retainer (aligment) layers, and SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) at /east one optically active element, wherein retainer layers are configured to retain active elements in a random homogeneous configuration in a first instance, and in a regular configuration in the second instance.
5 According to further aspect of the present invention there is provided a retainer layer adapted for use in a display as described above, wherein the retainer layer is configured to retain optically active elements in irregular orientations.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is 1o provided a method of operating displays substantially as described above wherein the method is characterised by the steps of:
a) selectively applying a field to a first region containing at least two active elements, and b) aligning active elements within said region with each other to 15 have substantially the same orientation, and c) transmitting light through the first region so that the light exhibits a first characteristic, and d) transmitting light through regions other than the first region so that the transmitted light exhibits a second characteristic.
2o In a preferred embodiment the display may be configured using liquid crystal display technology.
Reference for other specifications shall now be made to the display as being a device which uses liquid crystal technology. However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of 25 display may be used in conjunction with the present invention and reference to the liquid crystal technology only should in no way be seen as limiting.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In a preferred embodiment a retainer layer may be any type of substantially transparent material which, when configured in groups of two or more layers, may include or retain optically active elements in a particular region.
5 In a further preferred embodiment a retainer layer may be formed from transparent plastic materials with an irregular surface on one side of the layer. Such an irregular surface allows optically active elements to be retained within regions on the retainer layer in a large number of orientations, providing retained active elements 1 o with an irregular configuration.
In a further preferred embodiment a retainer layer may be constructed from transparent plastic material with small irregular gouges made on one surface of the layer. These irregular gouges allow active elements retained by the layer to lie in a number of ~ 5 different orientations in an irregular configuration.
Reference throughout this specification shall now be made to a retainer layer as being constructed from a transparent plastic material with irregular surface gouges on one surface of the layer.
However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that 2o other types of retainer layers such as glass may be used in conjunction with the present invention, and reference to the above should in no way be seen as limiting.
In a preferred embodiment optically active elements may be liquid crystals normally used in a standard liquid display. The properties 25 and characteristics of these crystals are well known and allow them to be readily adapted for use with the present invention.
Alternative embodiments may use other methods in place of standard liquid crystals as optically active elements. Other embodiments may employ any type of optically active material, the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) optical properties of which can be readily controlled and manipulated.
Reference throughout this specification shall now be made to optically elements as being liquid crystals. However, it should be 5 appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of optically active elements may be used and reference to the above should in no way be seen as limiting.
In a preferred embodiment liquid crystals may be grouped or organised in two different configurations.
y o In a first instance liquid crystals may be retained between two retainer layers with an irregular or randomised configuration. The surface of a retainer layer may be configured so as to allow retained crystals to lie in a large number of orientations or angles with respect to one another.
15 In a second instance crystals may be retained between retainer layers in a regular configuration. In a preferred embodiment crystals may be retained in substantially the same angles and orientations with respect to one another. This regular configuration of the crystals ensures that each crystal acts optically 2o in substantially the same manner on light passing through the crystals.
In a preferred embodiment a field is applied to crystals within a display to orient the crystals within the field into substantially the same or orientation.
25 In a further preferred embodiment the field used is an electric field. Electric fields may be readily generated using standard electrical componentry and may control accurately and precisely small areas or regions containing crystals.
s SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In a preferred embodiment a first region containing at least two liquid crystals may be any number of areas or points on the viewing surface of a display. Further, in embodiments where the present invention is used in a multiple screen display, as with the 5 video imaging technology, a region may incorporate display surface areas from any of the multiple screens used.
In a further embodiment a first region may be defined as any area on a display to which an electric field is applied.
In such an embodiment an electric field may be selectively applied 1 o to particular areas of a display to form a first region. The application of an electric field to particular areas will cause crystals to orientate to substantially the same position, and hence to modify incident light with substantially the same effect.
However, in regions other than the first region where no electric 15 field is applied, no regular or uniform treatment will be applied to incident light.
In a preferred embodiment crystals within a first region exhibit a first optical characteristic. Conversely crystals outside this first region exhibit a second optical characteristic.
2o In a further preferred embodiment the first optical characteristic exhibited by crystals within the first region is transparency. Such crystals may be regularly positioned with respect to one another into substantially the same orientations. This regular configuration allows crystals to transmit incident light in 25 substantially the same manner, with these crystals being transparent to a particular polarisation of light.
In a further preferred embodiment the second optical characteristic exhibited by crystals outside of the first region is to act as diffusing elements. The irregular and random orientations of crystals SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) outside of a first region diffuses light transmitted through the display.
A diffusing element may be defined as any element which diffuses light. Such an element may cause light to spread or scatter in a 5 number of different directions.
Such diffusing elements will make any image viewed on the first region appear diffuse to an observer at a close distance to the screen, and the same image appear opaque to an observer at a great distance away from the screen. As the distance between an 1 o obsever and the screen increases an image in the first regoin will appear more and more opaque instead of diffuse.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art the irregular configurations of liquid crystals will act to diffuse light transmitted through the display when no electric field is present. Conversely, 15 when an electric field is applied to a region the crystals present are forced into substantially the same orientation, allowing light to be transmitted through the region without being substantially difFused.
The present invention as described above may be used to construct 20 a simple display.
Transparent electrodes may be placed on either face of the display to selectively apply an electric field to specific areas forming a first region. This electric field, or the absence of it, will either allow light to be transmitted through a particular region or to be diffused 25 when passing through another region. Images may be formed on such a display by placing an electric field on regions which are to be transparent whilst ensuring no electric field is present on regions which are to form images. Colour filters from standard LC
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) displays may also be used in such a display to provide extra colour to the diffused region.
The present invention also allows the colour white to be presented on a display. Normally LC displays cannot display a sharp white 5 colour. To display white on the typical LC display the white backlighting background is used, as crystals are orientated to be transparent in this instance.
This is in contrast to the present invention where sharp white colour may be obtained simply by diffusing light transmitted 1 o through selected regions of the display.
The following descriptions relate to the present invention incorporated into multilayed display devices.
In deep video imaging applications a composite image may be formed by the use of two liquid crystal displays, with one display ~ 5 being placed in front of the other and the rear display including the required backlighting components. Separate and distinct images may be observed on each screen, with the spatial displacement between the two screens providing the composite images with three-dimensional qualities.
2o In one embodiment the present invention may be employed within a deep video display.
Reference throughout the specification shall now be made to a display formed with respect to the present invention as being a selective diffusion layer when used in deep video imaging 25 applications. As discussed above, the present invention may be employed to selectively diffuse regions on a display, while leaving other regions transparent.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A deep video imaging display which incorporates two liquid crystal screens may also use three polarising layers only. The first polarising layer may be at the rear of the rear screen, the second between the two screens and the last on the front of the front 5 screen. In normal LC displays two polarising layers per screen are required, as polarised light must be provided to the liquid crystals to ensure the display works effectively. However, in deep video application, with two LC displays, polarised light is already provided to the rear of a front screen, eliminating the need for a 1 o fourth polariser in the combined display.
In a preferred embodiment the selective diffusion layer may be positioned between the front and rear screens of a deep video display.
In a further preferred embodiment a deep video display may be 15 configured as described above with three polarising layers. A
selective diffusion layer (SDL) may also be positioned between the front screen and the middle polarising layer. The SDL may be used to diffuse polarised light supplied from the middle polarising layer, destroying the front screen's capacity to form an image in a 20 particular region. This in effect allows the SDL to "blank out" a front image.
A deep video display configured with a SDL as discussed above may create the illusion that an image from a front screen disappears or recedes onto a rear screen at exactly the same point 25 for all observers irrespective of viewing angles.
Previously, in deep video imaging application an image transferred from a front screen to a rear screen would appear to jump sideways for an observer out at an angle, to the display and recede smoothly for an observer in front of the display. This effect is eliminated 3o with the use of an SDL configured as discussed above. The SDL
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ensures that a front image is transferred to the rear screen at exactly the same point on the rear screen for all observers, eliminating the sideways jump previously observed at an angle out from the centre of the display.
5 In yet another embodiment of the present invention a selective diffusion layer may be positioned between two LC displays, this time with polarising layers behind and in front of each LC display.
The selective diffusion layer may be positioned in front of the rear screens front polariser and behind the front screens rear polariser.
1 o The selective diffusion layer may be used to diffuse polarised light from a rear screen, making an image on a front screen appear solid. The selective diffusion layer will diffuse out the rear image while still providing enough light to illuminate a front image.
Previously, in deep video imaging displays without selective 15 diffusion layers, images on a front screen have appeared transparent, where images on a rear screen can be seen through a front image. With the use of a selective diffusion layer, images from a rear screen may be "blanked out" by the selective diffusion layer (SDL), making the front images appear solid.
2o In yet another embodiment the display may be configured with a first polarising layer, a rear LC screen, a second polarising layer, a first selective diffusion layer, a second LC display, a third polarising layer, a second selective diffusion layer, a fourth polarising layer, a third front LC display and lastly a fifth 25 polarising layer. Such a deep video display combines principles employed in the two other deep video application discussed above.
The second SDL will diffuse light transmitted from the rear and middle screens, making images on the front screen appear solid.
The first SDL will diffuse light transmitted to the second LC
3o display, allowing an image from the second LC display to SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) disappear at the same point on the rear LC display for all observers as discussed above.
A selective diffusion layer may also be used in deep video applications to eliminate interference effects. Normally when a 5 standard LC display is viewed through another LC display interference patterns caused by the structure of the two displays will be observed.
Interference patterns can be eliminated with an SDL between two screens if the SDL provides a low uniform level of diffusion over 1 o the entire display surface. The diffusion will act to randomise or break up any patterns in light from a rear screen - removing interference effects.
The present invention provides many advantages over existing prior art liquid crystal displays and deep video imaging displays.
15 The present invention may be employed in deep video imaging applications to create a display with foreground images which may appear solid and which can be made to appear to recede on to the same point on a rear screen irrespective of viewing angle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
25 Figure 1 shows the displays effect on light within specific regions in one embodiment: and SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figures 2 - 4 illustrate the present invention as employed in deep video imaging applications in further embodiments of the present invention.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
5 Figure 1 shows how the present invention modifies light transmitted through a display. In Figure 1a an electric field is applied to a region of a display, whereas in Figure 1b no electric field is applied to the same region.
In both cases unpolarised light 1 is directed towards a rear 10 alignment layer 2 through the liquid crystals (not shown) retained within the region, and then out through the front alignment layer 3.
In Figure 1a an electric field is applied to the region. The liquid crystals within this region align with substantially the same ~ 5 orientation, allowing the incident unpolarised light 1 to pass through the crystals and out through the front alignment layer 3.
The output from this screen 5 is substantially the same as the incident light 1.
This can be contrasted with light passed through the region when 2o an electric field is not present, as in the case of Figure lb. In this instance the liquid crystals between the two alignment layers 2,3 create diffused light 6 from the incident non-polarised light 1. This diffused light 6 is then passed out through the front alignment layer 3 as the display output 7.
25 As can be seen from the diagrams, the application of an electric field within a region will make the liquid crystals substantially transparent to incident light. The absence of an electric field in a region will cause the light transmitted to be diffused.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figures 2 to 4 illustrate the present invention when used in a number of deep video imaging applications.
Figure 2 shows a deep video imaging application which incorporates a selective diffusion layer d1. The deep video imaging 5 display includes a rear screen sl and a front screen s2 with polarising layers pl, p2 on either side of the rear screen sl, and polarising layers p3, p4 on either side of the front screen s2.
The selective diffusion layer of SDL, dl is placed in between the polarising layer p2 and p3. The SDL dl diffuses polarised light 1o from p2, destroying images presented on the rear screen sl. This effect makes an image on the front screen s2 appear solid, as now only diffused background light is provided behind s2's image.
Figure 3 illustrates another application for the present invention in a deep video imaging application. In this embodiment the deep 15 video imaging screen includes a rear screen sl a front screen s2, polarising layers p1 and p2 on either side of the rear screen sl, and a last polarising layer p3 on the front of the front screen s2. .An SDL dl is positioned between polarising layer p2 and the front screen s2.
2o The SDL dl may diffuse the polarised light provided by polarises p2. Depolarising the background light for front screen s2 will prevent s2 from forming a coherent image. The SLD d1 may be used to "blank out" an image on the front screen s2. This phenomenon can be utilised as discussed above to make an image 25 on the front screen disappear at the same point on a rear screen for all observers, independent of viewing angle.
Figure 4 shows a deep video imaging display that uses the two configurations previously discussed with respect to Figures 2 and 3.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The selective diffusion layer d2 may be used to diffuse light and images from rear screen s1 and middle screen s2, making images on the front screen s3 appear solid. Selective diffusion layer dl may be used to diffuse polarised light from polarising layer p2, 5 "blanking out" images on middle screen s2.
This display configuration using the present invention may be used to make images on a front screen s3 appear solid, and images on middle screen s2 disappear onto the rear screen sl at the same point for all observers irrespective of viewing angles.
1 o Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
5 In a further preferred embodiment a retainer layer may be formed from transparent plastic materials with an irregular surface on one side of the layer. Such an irregular surface allows optically active elements to be retained within regions on the retainer layer in a large number of orientations, providing retained active elements 1 o with an irregular configuration.
In a further preferred embodiment a retainer layer may be constructed from transparent plastic material with small irregular gouges made on one surface of the layer. These irregular gouges allow active elements retained by the layer to lie in a number of ~ 5 different orientations in an irregular configuration.
Reference throughout this specification shall now be made to a retainer layer as being constructed from a transparent plastic material with irregular surface gouges on one surface of the layer.
However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that 2o other types of retainer layers such as glass may be used in conjunction with the present invention, and reference to the above should in no way be seen as limiting.
In a preferred embodiment optically active elements may be liquid crystals normally used in a standard liquid display. The properties 25 and characteristics of these crystals are well known and allow them to be readily adapted for use with the present invention.
Alternative embodiments may use other methods in place of standard liquid crystals as optically active elements. Other embodiments may employ any type of optically active material, the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) optical properties of which can be readily controlled and manipulated.
Reference throughout this specification shall now be made to optically elements as being liquid crystals. However, it should be 5 appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of optically active elements may be used and reference to the above should in no way be seen as limiting.
In a preferred embodiment liquid crystals may be grouped or organised in two different configurations.
y o In a first instance liquid crystals may be retained between two retainer layers with an irregular or randomised configuration. The surface of a retainer layer may be configured so as to allow retained crystals to lie in a large number of orientations or angles with respect to one another.
15 In a second instance crystals may be retained between retainer layers in a regular configuration. In a preferred embodiment crystals may be retained in substantially the same angles and orientations with respect to one another. This regular configuration of the crystals ensures that each crystal acts optically 2o in substantially the same manner on light passing through the crystals.
In a preferred embodiment a field is applied to crystals within a display to orient the crystals within the field into substantially the same or orientation.
25 In a further preferred embodiment the field used is an electric field. Electric fields may be readily generated using standard electrical componentry and may control accurately and precisely small areas or regions containing crystals.
s SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In a preferred embodiment a first region containing at least two liquid crystals may be any number of areas or points on the viewing surface of a display. Further, in embodiments where the present invention is used in a multiple screen display, as with the 5 video imaging technology, a region may incorporate display surface areas from any of the multiple screens used.
In a further embodiment a first region may be defined as any area on a display to which an electric field is applied.
In such an embodiment an electric field may be selectively applied 1 o to particular areas of a display to form a first region. The application of an electric field to particular areas will cause crystals to orientate to substantially the same position, and hence to modify incident light with substantially the same effect.
However, in regions other than the first region where no electric 15 field is applied, no regular or uniform treatment will be applied to incident light.
In a preferred embodiment crystals within a first region exhibit a first optical characteristic. Conversely crystals outside this first region exhibit a second optical characteristic.
2o In a further preferred embodiment the first optical characteristic exhibited by crystals within the first region is transparency. Such crystals may be regularly positioned with respect to one another into substantially the same orientations. This regular configuration allows crystals to transmit incident light in 25 substantially the same manner, with these crystals being transparent to a particular polarisation of light.
In a further preferred embodiment the second optical characteristic exhibited by crystals outside of the first region is to act as diffusing elements. The irregular and random orientations of crystals SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) outside of a first region diffuses light transmitted through the display.
A diffusing element may be defined as any element which diffuses light. Such an element may cause light to spread or scatter in a 5 number of different directions.
Such diffusing elements will make any image viewed on the first region appear diffuse to an observer at a close distance to the screen, and the same image appear opaque to an observer at a great distance away from the screen. As the distance between an 1 o obsever and the screen increases an image in the first regoin will appear more and more opaque instead of diffuse.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art the irregular configurations of liquid crystals will act to diffuse light transmitted through the display when no electric field is present. Conversely, 15 when an electric field is applied to a region the crystals present are forced into substantially the same orientation, allowing light to be transmitted through the region without being substantially difFused.
The present invention as described above may be used to construct 20 a simple display.
Transparent electrodes may be placed on either face of the display to selectively apply an electric field to specific areas forming a first region. This electric field, or the absence of it, will either allow light to be transmitted through a particular region or to be diffused 25 when passing through another region. Images may be formed on such a display by placing an electric field on regions which are to be transparent whilst ensuring no electric field is present on regions which are to form images. Colour filters from standard LC
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) displays may also be used in such a display to provide extra colour to the diffused region.
The present invention also allows the colour white to be presented on a display. Normally LC displays cannot display a sharp white 5 colour. To display white on the typical LC display the white backlighting background is used, as crystals are orientated to be transparent in this instance.
This is in contrast to the present invention where sharp white colour may be obtained simply by diffusing light transmitted 1 o through selected regions of the display.
The following descriptions relate to the present invention incorporated into multilayed display devices.
In deep video imaging applications a composite image may be formed by the use of two liquid crystal displays, with one display ~ 5 being placed in front of the other and the rear display including the required backlighting components. Separate and distinct images may be observed on each screen, with the spatial displacement between the two screens providing the composite images with three-dimensional qualities.
2o In one embodiment the present invention may be employed within a deep video display.
Reference throughout the specification shall now be made to a display formed with respect to the present invention as being a selective diffusion layer when used in deep video imaging 25 applications. As discussed above, the present invention may be employed to selectively diffuse regions on a display, while leaving other regions transparent.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A deep video imaging display which incorporates two liquid crystal screens may also use three polarising layers only. The first polarising layer may be at the rear of the rear screen, the second between the two screens and the last on the front of the front 5 screen. In normal LC displays two polarising layers per screen are required, as polarised light must be provided to the liquid crystals to ensure the display works effectively. However, in deep video application, with two LC displays, polarised light is already provided to the rear of a front screen, eliminating the need for a 1 o fourth polariser in the combined display.
In a preferred embodiment the selective diffusion layer may be positioned between the front and rear screens of a deep video display.
In a further preferred embodiment a deep video display may be 15 configured as described above with three polarising layers. A
selective diffusion layer (SDL) may also be positioned between the front screen and the middle polarising layer. The SDL may be used to diffuse polarised light supplied from the middle polarising layer, destroying the front screen's capacity to form an image in a 20 particular region. This in effect allows the SDL to "blank out" a front image.
A deep video display configured with a SDL as discussed above may create the illusion that an image from a front screen disappears or recedes onto a rear screen at exactly the same point 25 for all observers irrespective of viewing angles.
Previously, in deep video imaging application an image transferred from a front screen to a rear screen would appear to jump sideways for an observer out at an angle, to the display and recede smoothly for an observer in front of the display. This effect is eliminated 3o with the use of an SDL configured as discussed above. The SDL
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ensures that a front image is transferred to the rear screen at exactly the same point on the rear screen for all observers, eliminating the sideways jump previously observed at an angle out from the centre of the display.
5 In yet another embodiment of the present invention a selective diffusion layer may be positioned between two LC displays, this time with polarising layers behind and in front of each LC display.
The selective diffusion layer may be positioned in front of the rear screens front polariser and behind the front screens rear polariser.
1 o The selective diffusion layer may be used to diffuse polarised light from a rear screen, making an image on a front screen appear solid. The selective diffusion layer will diffuse out the rear image while still providing enough light to illuminate a front image.
Previously, in deep video imaging displays without selective 15 diffusion layers, images on a front screen have appeared transparent, where images on a rear screen can be seen through a front image. With the use of a selective diffusion layer, images from a rear screen may be "blanked out" by the selective diffusion layer (SDL), making the front images appear solid.
2o In yet another embodiment the display may be configured with a first polarising layer, a rear LC screen, a second polarising layer, a first selective diffusion layer, a second LC display, a third polarising layer, a second selective diffusion layer, a fourth polarising layer, a third front LC display and lastly a fifth 25 polarising layer. Such a deep video display combines principles employed in the two other deep video application discussed above.
The second SDL will diffuse light transmitted from the rear and middle screens, making images on the front screen appear solid.
The first SDL will diffuse light transmitted to the second LC
3o display, allowing an image from the second LC display to SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) disappear at the same point on the rear LC display for all observers as discussed above.
A selective diffusion layer may also be used in deep video applications to eliminate interference effects. Normally when a 5 standard LC display is viewed through another LC display interference patterns caused by the structure of the two displays will be observed.
Interference patterns can be eliminated with an SDL between two screens if the SDL provides a low uniform level of diffusion over 1 o the entire display surface. The diffusion will act to randomise or break up any patterns in light from a rear screen - removing interference effects.
The present invention provides many advantages over existing prior art liquid crystal displays and deep video imaging displays.
15 The present invention may be employed in deep video imaging applications to create a display with foreground images which may appear solid and which can be made to appear to recede on to the same point on a rear screen irrespective of viewing angle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
25 Figure 1 shows the displays effect on light within specific regions in one embodiment: and SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figures 2 - 4 illustrate the present invention as employed in deep video imaging applications in further embodiments of the present invention.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
5 Figure 1 shows how the present invention modifies light transmitted through a display. In Figure 1a an electric field is applied to a region of a display, whereas in Figure 1b no electric field is applied to the same region.
In both cases unpolarised light 1 is directed towards a rear 10 alignment layer 2 through the liquid crystals (not shown) retained within the region, and then out through the front alignment layer 3.
In Figure 1a an electric field is applied to the region. The liquid crystals within this region align with substantially the same ~ 5 orientation, allowing the incident unpolarised light 1 to pass through the crystals and out through the front alignment layer 3.
The output from this screen 5 is substantially the same as the incident light 1.
This can be contrasted with light passed through the region when 2o an electric field is not present, as in the case of Figure lb. In this instance the liquid crystals between the two alignment layers 2,3 create diffused light 6 from the incident non-polarised light 1. This diffused light 6 is then passed out through the front alignment layer 3 as the display output 7.
25 As can be seen from the diagrams, the application of an electric field within a region will make the liquid crystals substantially transparent to incident light. The absence of an electric field in a region will cause the light transmitted to be diffused.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figures 2 to 4 illustrate the present invention when used in a number of deep video imaging applications.
Figure 2 shows a deep video imaging application which incorporates a selective diffusion layer d1. The deep video imaging 5 display includes a rear screen sl and a front screen s2 with polarising layers pl, p2 on either side of the rear screen sl, and polarising layers p3, p4 on either side of the front screen s2.
The selective diffusion layer of SDL, dl is placed in between the polarising layer p2 and p3. The SDL dl diffuses polarised light 1o from p2, destroying images presented on the rear screen sl. This effect makes an image on the front screen s2 appear solid, as now only diffused background light is provided behind s2's image.
Figure 3 illustrates another application for the present invention in a deep video imaging application. In this embodiment the deep 15 video imaging screen includes a rear screen sl a front screen s2, polarising layers p1 and p2 on either side of the rear screen sl, and a last polarising layer p3 on the front of the front screen s2. .An SDL dl is positioned between polarising layer p2 and the front screen s2.
2o The SDL dl may diffuse the polarised light provided by polarises p2. Depolarising the background light for front screen s2 will prevent s2 from forming a coherent image. The SLD d1 may be used to "blank out" an image on the front screen s2. This phenomenon can be utilised as discussed above to make an image 25 on the front screen disappear at the same point on a rear screen for all observers, independent of viewing angle.
Figure 4 shows a deep video imaging display that uses the two configurations previously discussed with respect to Figures 2 and 3.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The selective diffusion layer d2 may be used to diffuse light and images from rear screen s1 and middle screen s2, making images on the front screen s3 appear solid. Selective diffusion layer dl may be used to diffuse polarised light from polarising layer p2, 5 "blanking out" images on middle screen s2.
This display configuration using the present invention may be used to make images on a front screen s3 appear solid, and images on middle screen s2 disappear onto the rear screen sl at the same point for all observers irrespective of viewing angles.
1 o Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Claims (6)
1. A method of constructing a display device, characterised by steps of a) combining a first liquid crystal display with a second liquid crystal display which has liquid crystal material contained between random homogenous alignment layers, and b) ensuring that the first liquid crystal display is positioned relative to the alignment layers of the second liquid crystal display so that light from the first liquid crystal display can pass through one or more of the random homogenous alignment layers.
2. A method of operating a display which has a liquid crystal material contained between random homogenous alignment layers, characterised by the steps of a) selecting portions of liquid crystal material which are required to diffuse or block polarised light going to a liquid crystal display, and b) applying an electric field to those selected portions of liquid crystal material to diffuse or block the polarised light.
3. A display incorporating a liquid crystal display screen, and a liquid crystal material that is contained between random homogenous alignment layers, characterised in that the layers are configured so that upon the application of an electric field to the liquid crystal material, polarised light is selectively diffused or blocked by the layers before reaching the liquid crystal display screen.
4. A display, based on a switching device, that by means of incorporating random homogenous alignment layers can be changed as required from transmitting light to diffusing light incorporated into a display device to improve angle of view.
5. A display as claimed in either of Claim 3 or Claim 4, with the pattern being multi coloured.
6. A display as claimed in either of Claim 3 or Claim 4, with said pattern being a red, green, blue filter.
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PCT/NZ1998/000098 WO1999042889A1 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-07-10 | A multi-layer display and a method for displaying images on such a display |
PCT/NZ1999/000021 WO1999044095A1 (en) | 1998-02-24 | 1999-02-23 | Improved display |
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US10055930B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2018-08-21 | Igt | Gaming system and method for placing and redeeming sports bets |
CN107390377A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 上海科斗电子科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal layer stereo display drive system |
US10083640B2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2018-09-25 | Pure Depth Limited | Multi-layer display including proximity sensor and depth-changing interface elements, and/or associated methods |
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US5113272A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1992-05-12 | Raychem Corporation | Three dimensional semiconductor display using liquid crystal |
WO1991015930A2 (en) * | 1990-04-05 | 1991-10-17 | Raychem Corporation | Three dimensional display |
WO1992009003A1 (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-05-29 | Chisso Corporation | Liquid crystal shuttering device |
JP3091000B2 (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 2000-09-25 | 株式会社リコー | Liquid crystal display |
IT1287962B1 (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 1998-09-10 | S P S Spa | LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE |
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1999
- 1999-02-23 MX MXPA00007981A patent/MXPA00007981A/en unknown
- 1999-02-23 CA CA002329702A patent/CA2329702A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-23 EP EP99905385A patent/EP1058862A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-23 JP JP2000533787A patent/JP2002528743A/en active Pending
- 1999-02-23 NZ NZ505801A patent/NZ505801A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-23 WO PCT/NZ1999/000021 patent/WO1999044095A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-23 AU AU25542/99A patent/AU740574B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-02-23 CN CN99803265A patent/CN1302389A/en active Pending
- 1999-02-23 IL IL13762799A patent/IL137627A0/en unknown
- 1999-02-23 KR KR1020007009344A patent/KR20010041251A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (5)
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US7619585B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2009-11-17 | Puredepth Limited | Depth fused display |
US8146277B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2012-04-03 | Puredepth Limited | Multi-view display |
US8154473B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2012-04-10 | Pure Depth Limited | Display control system |
US8436873B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2013-05-07 | Pure Depth Limited | Method of manipulating visibility of images on a volumetric display |
US8432411B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2013-04-30 | Pure Depth Limited | Method and system for improving display quality of a multi-component display |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ505801A (en) | 2002-08-28 |
CN1302389A (en) | 2001-07-04 |
AU2554299A (en) | 1999-09-15 |
KR20010041251A (en) | 2001-05-15 |
MXPA00007981A (en) | 2002-08-06 |
WO1999044095A1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
EP1058862A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
AU740574B2 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
IL137627A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
JP2002528743A (en) | 2002-09-03 |
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Legal Events
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EEER | Examination request | ||
FZDE | Discontinued |