CA2331215A1 - Cementing compositions and use of such compositions for cementing oil wells or the like - Google Patents
Cementing compositions and use of such compositions for cementing oil wells or the like Download PDFInfo
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- CA2331215A1 CA2331215A1 CA002331215A CA2331215A CA2331215A1 CA 2331215 A1 CA2331215 A1 CA 2331215A1 CA 002331215 A CA002331215 A CA 002331215A CA 2331215 A CA2331215 A CA 2331215A CA 2331215 A1 CA2331215 A1 CA 2331215A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/48—Metal
Abstract
The present invention provides cementing compositions for oil wells or the like and including reinforcing fibers of amorphous cast metal. Compositions of the invention have mechanical properties that are improved, particularly from the point of view of tensile strength, and they are particularly suitable for cementing zones that are subjected to extreme dynamic stresses, such as perforation zones and branch well junctions.
Description
CEMENTING COMPOSITIONS AND USE OF SUCH COMPOSITIONS
FOR CEMENTING OIL WELLS OR THE LIKE
The present invention relates to techniques for drilling oil, gas, water, or geothermal wells and the like. More precisely, the invention relates to cementing compositions that are particularly adapted to cementing zones which are subjected to extreme dynamic stresses.
In general, a well whose depth exceeds a few hundred meters is cased, and the annulus between the underground formation and the casing is cemented over all or part of its length. The essential function of cementing is to eliminate fluid interchange between the 1o various layers of formation through which the borehole passes and to control ingress of fluid into the well, in particular by limiting ingress of water. In production zones, the casing is perforated, as indeed are the cement and the formation over a depth of several centimeters.
The cement placed in the annulus of an oil well is subjected to numerous stresses throughout the lifetime of the well. The pressure inside the casing can increase or decrease because of a change in the fluid filling the casing or because additional pressure is applied to the well, such as when drilling fluid is replaced by completion fluid or by fluid for a stimulation operation. A change in temperature also gives rise to stress on the cement, at least during the transient period, which precedes temperature equilibrium being reached 2o between the steel and the cement. In most of the above cases, the stress process is sufficiently slow to be dealt with as though it was a static process.
Nevertheless, the cement can be stressed in other ways, which are dynamic, either, because they take place over a very short period of time or because they are periodic, or at least repetitive. Not only does making the perforations admit excess pressures of several hundreds of bars to the inside of the well, which are dissipated in the form of shock waves, but in addition it gives rise to shock when the projectile penetrates the cement. This shock subjects the zone surrounding the hole to large forces over a length of several meters.
Another process which is now very common in oil well operations and that also gives rise to dynamic stresses in the cement is opening a window in casing that has already been 3o cemented for the purpose of creating a lateral well. The steel is milled over a height of WO 99/58467 _2_ PCT/EP99/03099 several meters and then the lateral hole is bored, subjecting the cement. to shock and vibration which generally damages it in irremediable manner.
An object of the present invention is to provide novel formulations, specifically for cementing regions of oil wells or the like that are subjected to extreme dynamic stresses, such as zones that are punctured and junctions with side well branches.
In the fields of building and civil engineering, it is well known to reinforce cement with fibers. By way of example, mention can be made of asbestos fibers or glass fibers for reinforcing thin materials, specifically materials in plate form. Polymer fibers made of polypropylene or nylon, or indeed carbon fibers for applications having particularly severe 1o specifications, are also commonly used, specifically in sprayed concrete and facework treatment techniques. EP-576,401 discloses mortar composition which comprises an hydraulic cement, a mixture of admixtures, a continuum of particles between 0,1 p and 10 mm and cast iron fibers having a length between 10 and 40mm and preferably between 20 and 30 mm. The upper limit of workability of the fluid mortar composition is said to be no more than 42 kg/m3.
In the field of oil industry cements, various publications have suggested using mineral fibers (US S 421 409), in particular asbestos fibers (SU 1 010 253), or other fibers commonly used in building or civil engineering (SU 1 006 713). In a May 1995 article VAN VLIET, VAN KLEEF, SMITH, PLOMPEN, KUIJEVENHOVEN, QUARESMA, 2o and RATfURKAR VLIET, et al. have suggested using cements that include synthetic fibers, in particular fibers of polypropylene or nylon for sheathing oil wells. That article also suggests using the same synthetic. fibers for applications such as making plugs or as a plugging material against circulation losses.
An object of the present invention is to obtain oil industry cements that are reinforced with fibers and that have improved properties of tensile strength and impact resistance.
According to the invention, this problem is solved by adding fibers of amorphous cast metal to the cement slurry.
Amorphous cast metal fibers are known, e.g. from US 4 520 859, and they are obtained by casting a fine ribbon of molten metal on a cold drum. Rapid cooling prevents crystallization, so the metal solidifies in the form of an amorphous material.
The longest fibers give the best results from the point of view of tensile strength. It is thus preferable to use fibers that are at least S mm long. In addition, given that the width of the annulus to be cemented in an oil well is generally about 30 mm, the length of the fibers should not exceed 15 mm and preferably be between 5 and 10 mm.
Amorphous cast metal fibers are added to the cement slurry of the invention at a concentration of 3% to 15% by weight of fibers relative to the weight of cement, i.e.
typically with fiber concentrations in the slurry of the order of 50 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3, and preferably lying in the range 75 kg/m3 to 150 kg/m3.
In oil well cementing, non-homogeneous cement columns are not acceptable, particularly 1o when the wellbore is highly deviated. To avoid particle settling with such high concentrations of fibers, the yield stress ~y, i.e. the minimum stress to which the slurry must be submitted to flow, as defined using the Bingham Plastic rheogical model must be of at least 7 Pa and to remain pumpable, no more than 25 Pa, at the temperature of pumping.
Preferred slurnes have a yield stress ranging between 10 and 15 Pa. Anti-settling additives, such as cellulosic derivatives (hydroethylcellulose) or mixtures of biopolymer and silica flour for example are added to the slurry to adjust the yield stress.
At the higher concentrations, it is preferable to use mixtures of short fibers or mixtures of short and long fibers which mixtures present the advantages of short fibers from the point of pumpability.
2o As shown in particular in French patent application 97 11821 filed on September 23, 1997 in the name of the Applicant, the risk of a cement sheath breaking due to an increase in the pressure or the temperature in a well is directly related to the tensile strength of the cement, and said risk is attenuated when the ratio of the tensile strength of the cement over its Young's modulus increases. It is recalled that the more flexible a material, the smaller its Young's modulus.
When an increase in temperature or pressure persists, sheath damage can also be caused by radial stresses acting on the sheath, which stresses are in compression.
From that work, it appears that any additive seeking to improve the mechanical properties of a cement sheath must give rise to a cement that has both improved tensile strength and WO 99/58467 _4_ PCT/EP99/03099 improved strength in compression, a high degree of flexibility, and as large as possible a ratio of cement strength (in traction and in compression) over its Young's modulus. It is particularly noticeable that this is indeed the case with systems having amorphous cast metal fibers.
The amorphous cast metal fibers can be added to conventional slurries based on Portland cement, and also to special cementing slurries, e.g. a slurry based on aluminous cement.
The cement slurries according to the present invention are particularly suitable for cementing multi-lateral wells (due to their good impact resistance). There are also particularly adapted for borehole lining applications when the cement has to be drilled to which fibers prevent cement from falling apart and provides a good impact resistance to the shock generated by the drill bits.
The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1: fiber selection The influence of various fibers on the mechanical properties of a cement slurry has been studied on systems obtained under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (laboratory temperature and pressure).
The slurries were prepared using a reference slurry having a density of 16.4 lb/gal(US) ( 1.965 g/cm3) of cement, with porosity of 55.18%. The cement was a class G
Dickerhoff North cement. The slurnes were prepared in the presence of a suspension agent at a 2o concentration of 0.4% by weight of cement (BWOC) and of an anti-foaming agent at a concentration of 0.03 gallons per (94 pound) sack of cement (gps); (a concentration of 0.1 gps corresponds to 0.90 liters of anti-foaming agent per 100 kg of cement). The suspension agent was added to the mixing water, and mixing took place at 4000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 5 minutes prior to adding the cement.
Under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (ambient temperature and pressure), the Theology of the slurry as measured under the conditions recommended by the American Petroleum Institute (API) was as follows:
Rheology immediately RiSealogy after mixinb after 20 criinutes conditioning at arTthi en l letE1 RtUre PIa.StIC YlSCa5lIfYield Plastic Yield Stress stress velocity (mPa.s) (lb/lca0fti)(Pa] [mPa.s] [lhll~'~fc2] [Pa]
~
41.~ 52.4 25.1 70.5 58.1 27.5 The reference slurry was optimised 3o as to ha4~e relatively high Yield stress (~ty) to facilitate i~eeping the fibers in susper_sion. Slurries suitable for the Present invention shall exhibit a yield stress of no less than 7 and preferably at leas! 1;7 Pa before the tufctitiun of the fibers. The tit~er5 were added to the basic slurry in a Vortex type mixer, with stFrring at SIOW SFICCd.
The characteristics of the fiber used were as follows:
Type <yf fiber Length mm Pol m ylcne I2 >~lyl~n 12 Ribbon of ar.~o hoes cast 5, 10 or 15 metal U> The fibers or the ribbon of amorphous Cast tnctal eau be ~~blainad under the trademark Fibraflcx from SLVA, Chalort-sur-Saonc, France.
After setting for several deys, mechanical properties were measured on teat pieces in the farm of hors that rrrc:u,ured 16 em X 4 cm X 4 cm (flexural stxength tests) or euE~es having a side of 5 cm (2 inches) fur compression strength tests.
t5 The results are given in Tables I and ll where cc is the weight of added fibers (in grams ~r liter (g!1) of basic slurTy~). Tahle: I relates to flexural strength (modulus of rupture in bending MR and Young's rnodulr~a in b;.nding ~.E). Table 11 relates to compression vtrensth (cmnpression strength CS and Young's tncxiulu~ in eornpression E~j, Mr.;~suricy flexural strcugth requirc,s equipment thct is simpler than that for rna~.~urinb ~o tensile ~trc!igth, with which it card be corrwl~ated. Ernpiri4alJy, it is estimat;.d that flexural strength is twice tctrsile strength.
AMENDED SHEET
-fi-Table I
Type of Setting Fibers' MR EB MR/EB
fibers addedtime concentration (Mpa) (MPa) (X 1000) (days) in the g/1 cm /1 None 3 0 0 3.70 2848 1.32 Polypro- 3 17 18.9 4.35 5003 0.87 ylene Polypro- 3 9 10 5.34 4917 1.10 pylene Nylon 5 8 6.7 5.38 4702 1.20 Nylon 5 17 15.2 5.25 4896 1.10 Nylon 5 33 29.5 6.07 4509 1.35 mm 3 142 19.7 10.53 4231 2.62 cast metal 10 mm 5 71 9.9 9.81 5086 1.93 cast metal 5 mtn 5 142 19.7 9.30 4638 2.01 cast metal Tabie II
Type of Setting Fibers' CS Ec CS/Ec fibers addedtime concenS (Mpa) (MPa) (X 1000) (days) ution in the g/1 cm /l None 5 0 0 32.08 6616 4.90 Polypro- 3 17 18.9 18.81 5520 3.41 ylene Polypro- 3 9 10 22.39 5241 4.27 pylene Nylon 5 8 6.7 30.66 6530 4.72 N lon 5 17 15.2 26.95 5927 4.55 Nylon 5 33 29.5 23.47 4859 4.83 10 mm 3 142 19.7 27.72 7492 3.70 cast metal 10 mm 5 71 9.9 34.36 7068 4.90 cast metal 10 mm 5 35 4.9 35.67 6407 5.61 cast metal In the absence of reinforcing fibers, the flexural strength of the reference cement was less than 4 MPa, giving tensile strength of about 2 MPa only, which is one-sixteenth of its compression strength. It can thus be expected that cements placed under particularly difficult stress conditions will be damaged above all by the action of stresses operating in traction or in compression.
Synthetic fibers improve the modulus of rupture in bending, and thus also the modulus of rupture in traction. A small loss of compression strength is observed, which increases with increasing quantity of added fibers. In any event, the ratio MR/Eg is smaller with cements 1o that are reinforced by synthetic fibers than with the unreinforced reference cement.
The increase in flexural strength is much better with fibers of amorphous cast metal, which give rise to a flexural strength modulus of about 10 MPa, i.e. about three times stronger than the reference cement whereas synthetic fibers, at best, made it possible to reach flexural strength of close to 6 MPa; while using a much larger volume of fibers, and thus a priori being much more difficult to handle while pumping in the annular gap of a well. It should also be observed that the formulations given in these tables are not optimized.
Even more remarkably, this greater tensile strength is not accompanied by a loss of flexibility, and on the contrary flexibility increases. Consequently, the ratio of flexural strength over Young's modulus in bending is greater still.
A consequence of adding synthetic fibers is to decrease compression strength and the greater the quantity of fibers added, the greater the decrease in compression strength. With fibers of amorphous cast metal, the decrease in compression strength begins to appear only at very high concentrations of fibers. On the contrary, at lower concentrations, greater compression strength is obtained.
Example 2: effect of fiber length The influence of the length of fibers of amorphous cast metal was studied. The reference cement and the conditions of temperature and pressure were the same as for Example 1.
_g_ Setting time was 3 days for bending tests and '6 days for compression strength tests. The fibers were added at a concentration of 142 g/1.
Flexural Com ressio_n strength strength Fiber MR EB(MPa) MR/EB CS (MPa) Ec (MPa)CS/Ec length (MPa) (X 1000) (X 1000) 15 mm 11.48 4386 2.70 28.34 5444 5.28 mm 10.53 4231 2.62 30.48 6156 4.97 5 mm 9.30 4638 2.01 36.20 7571 4.79 None 3.70 2848 1.32 29.65 5139 5.85 5 Flexural strength increases with fiber length while compression strength decreases very slightly, while still remaining at a high level and well above that of flexural strength.
Example 3: impact strength Impact tests were performed on cement test pieces. These tests consisted in allowing a io projectile to drop through a height of 1 meter onto disks of set cement.
The disks were circular having a diameter of 70 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. The dynamic load was measured and recorded as a function of time.
The reference cement, without fibers, behaved like a brittle material and the energy absorbed by the test piece was estimated as being less than l0 Joules.
Comparative tests have been done with pieces reinforced by Nylon fibers and Polypropylene fibers (the concentration being such that the volume of added fibers does approximately correspond to the volume of cast-metal fibers at a concentration of 100g/1.
_g_ Fiber length Concentration Energy Dispersion (g/1) (Joules) Without fibers - ~7-8 52.5%
$ 30 19.2 12.4!0 $ 50 25,7 11.2%
100 60.6 20.6%
15 30 23.5 44.6%
15 50 38,2 54.6%
15 100 59.9 29.9%
N lon fibers 15.5 18,6 56.9%
Polyprop lene 12.5 34.3 31.8%
The test pieces of cement reinforced by fibers of amorphous cast metal had significantly improved impact behavior, as can be seen from the above table. It should be noted that the results are extremely dispersed, due to the heterogeneity of the cement pieces (fibers, cement particles, etc.). To get an impact behavior significantly better than the behavior obtained with net or standard fibers, the concentration of cast-metal fibers has to be higher than 50 g/1.
This good impact behavior is particularly advantageous when cementing multilateral wells.
io Example 4: cement setting under well conditions The tests were perfonmed again under temperature and pressure conditions close to the temperature and pressure conditions that are common in a well, i.e. at 170°F (77°C) and at 3000 psi (20.68 MPa).
The density of the basic slurry was 16.41b/gal(US) (1.965 g/cm3) of cement and its porosity was 55.26%. It was prepared using a class G Dickerhoff North cement and also contained 0.3% BWOC of suspension agent; 0.03 gps of anti-foaming agent, and 0.06 gps of a solution of a modified lignosulfonate acting as a cement setting retarder.
The rheology of the slurry, measured under the conditions recommended by the API were as follows:
Rheology Rheology Slurry immediately after characteristic after mixing conditioning at 20C for 20 minutes at 77C
Plastic Yield Plastic Yield StressFree waterThickening Stress viscosity viscosity time [mPa.SJ [Pa] [mPa.sJ [PaJ [ml]
91.6 9.0 61.5 39.8 1.5 228 After 3 days in an enclosure at 77°C and 20.68 MPa, the flexural strength of the bars was measured. For this test, the amount of energy released on breaking is also given (obtained by integrating the load-displacement curve for displacement between zero and the displacement at maximum load, i.e. the load at breaking).
Fiber Fiber concentration MR Eg MR/Eg Energy length (g/I) (BWOC) (%) (MPa (MPa) (X1000 (J) p 8.24 5147 1.64 0.058 5 mm 50 3.5 6.34 5230 1.21 0.032 5 mm 142 10 8.45 4629 1.87 0.092 mm 50 3.5 6.34 4797 1.33 0.038 10 mm 142 10 12.53 4799 2.66 0.260 mm 50 3.5 10.93 5516 2.16 0.307 15 mm 142 10 15.00 4491 3.41 0.734 The results obtained under the temperature and pressure conditions of a well confirm for the most part the results obtained under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
1o Whatever the concentration or the length of the fibers, Young's modulus remained within the range 4500 MPa to 5500 MPa. Nevertheless, it should be observed that the figures given in the above table are average values, and variation between samples was quite large.
At 50 g/1, there is little difference between 5 mm fibers and 10 mm fibers. At higher concentration, 10 mm fibers are clearly better than shorter fibers. Whatever the 15 concentration, 15 mm fibers give greater tensile strength.
Example 5: tests using aluminous cement For this test, a reference test piece prepared using an aluminous cement having 40%
alumina (of the Ciment Fondu type sold by Lafarge, France) without fibers was compared with a test piece prepared using metal fibers that were 15 mm long. The bars were placed in a pressurized enclosure at 3000 psi (20.68 MPa) for 4 days at 24°C.
Fiber concentrationDensityMR MR/EB MR/EB Energy ( ) (g/cm3)(MPa) (MPa) (X1000) (J) 0 1.65 4.19 3397 1.26 0.019 30 1.73 5.52 3796 1.49 0.032 This demonstrates that adding fibers significantly improves bending behavior without excessively degrading Young's modulus so that the ratio MR/EB is greater with cements of to the invention.
Example 6: the effect of fiber concentration The influence of fiber concentration was studied. The base slurry had a density of 16.4 lb/gal(US) ( 1.965 g/cm3) and was prepared using class G Dickerhoff North cement and had porosity of 55.18%. The slurry also contained 0.4% BWOC of suspension agent and 0.03 gps of anti-foaming agent.
The rheology of the slurry was as follows:
Rheology Rheology Free water immediately after conditioning after for mixin 20 minutes Plastic Yield StressPlastic Yield Stress viscosity viscosity [mPa.s] [Pa] [mPa.s] [Pa] [~]
58.5 22.8 79.0 27.2 2 2o Bending behavior was measured after setting for 5 days under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and the data is summarized in the tables below.
Figure 1 shows WO 99/58467 PC'T/EP99/03099 bar displacement as a function of load exerted during the bending test for cements containing fibers having a length of 15 mm.
It is considered that cement breakage takes place at the maximum of the load-displacement curve. With cements having reinforcing fibers, it can ~ be seen firstly that there is a very significant increase in the load corresponding to said maximum, and secondly that behavior after breakage is very different, the network of fibers maintaining a degree of cohesion for the matrix and thus preventing sudden breakage.
mm fibers Fiber MR EB MR/EB Energy concentration MPa) MPa) (X 1000) J) ( ) %
BWOC
0 0 3.70 2848 1.32 0.049 15 1 4.74 4359 1.10 0.048 30 2 4.98 3078 1.60 0.256 60 4 7.53 3103 2.46 0.447 75 5 9.63 3374 2.86 0.517 100 7 10.10 3122 3.24 0.840 142 10 11.48 4386 2.70 0.358 5 mm fibers Fiber MR EB MR/EB Energy concentration (MPa) {MPa) (X 1000) (J) ( ) %
BWOC
0 0 3.70 2848 1.32 0.049 1 4.05 3063 1.32 0.052 30 2 4.22 3127 1.35 0.053 60 4 5.53 3498 1.59 0.081 75 5 5.58 3096 1.8 0.136 100 7 6.15 3335 1.84 0.118 142 10 7.52 3674 2.05 0.255 Flexural strength increased regularly with fiber concentration. Except perhaps when there vuas a very high concentration of long fibers, Young's modulus was little affected by fiber 15 concentration (the results are difficult to interpret given the dispersion of the measurements).
Best results were obtained with fibers that were 15 mrn long, with the fibers being at a concentration of 100 g/1, at which concentration the ratlo of mechanical strength in bending over Young's modulus was about 2.5 times the ratio obtained with the reference slurry having no fibers.
Example 7: mixing fibers The above tests show that best results are obtained at higher concentrations of fibers.
Nevertheless, pumping a slung with relatively long fibers (15 mm) at that concentration of 100 kg/m3 or more turns out to be impossible with the pump configurations used for 1o pumping well cements.
Further testing was performed on a slung comprising a mixture of S mm fibers and 1 S mm fibers. In this pumpability test, the cement slurry was replaced by a water mud constituted by a suspension of clay in water, having a viscosity of 51 mPa.s and a Yield.
Stress, of 33.5 Pa, which constitutes very high rheology.
With a Triplex type pump, commonly used in oil fields, a cement slung having 1 S kg/m3 of 15 mm fibers caused the pump to "cough". It was not possible to pump a slurry having 30 kg/m3 of 15 mm fibers. However, there was no difficulty in pumping a fluid having 90 kg/m3 of S mm fibers.
Thereafter, 60 kg/m3 of 15 mm fibers were added to the fluid that already contained 90 kg/m3 of 5 mm fibers. In spite of having a fiber concentration of 150 kg/m3, pumping raised no difficulties.
Cements having a mixture of short fibers and long fibers present mechanical behavior that is associated with the long fiber concentration as can be seen by comparing the values from the following table with the flexural strength values obtained in Example 5.
mm fibers15 mm MR EB MR/Eg Energy (g/1) fibers (MPa) (MPa) (X 1000) (J) (g/1) 0 0 3.21 3035 1.08 0.0325 1 S 3.93 3175 1.27 0.0831 15 30 6.16 3025 2.03 0.2728 15 60 8.82 4014 2.30 0.5509
FOR CEMENTING OIL WELLS OR THE LIKE
The present invention relates to techniques for drilling oil, gas, water, or geothermal wells and the like. More precisely, the invention relates to cementing compositions that are particularly adapted to cementing zones which are subjected to extreme dynamic stresses.
In general, a well whose depth exceeds a few hundred meters is cased, and the annulus between the underground formation and the casing is cemented over all or part of its length. The essential function of cementing is to eliminate fluid interchange between the 1o various layers of formation through which the borehole passes and to control ingress of fluid into the well, in particular by limiting ingress of water. In production zones, the casing is perforated, as indeed are the cement and the formation over a depth of several centimeters.
The cement placed in the annulus of an oil well is subjected to numerous stresses throughout the lifetime of the well. The pressure inside the casing can increase or decrease because of a change in the fluid filling the casing or because additional pressure is applied to the well, such as when drilling fluid is replaced by completion fluid or by fluid for a stimulation operation. A change in temperature also gives rise to stress on the cement, at least during the transient period, which precedes temperature equilibrium being reached 2o between the steel and the cement. In most of the above cases, the stress process is sufficiently slow to be dealt with as though it was a static process.
Nevertheless, the cement can be stressed in other ways, which are dynamic, either, because they take place over a very short period of time or because they are periodic, or at least repetitive. Not only does making the perforations admit excess pressures of several hundreds of bars to the inside of the well, which are dissipated in the form of shock waves, but in addition it gives rise to shock when the projectile penetrates the cement. This shock subjects the zone surrounding the hole to large forces over a length of several meters.
Another process which is now very common in oil well operations and that also gives rise to dynamic stresses in the cement is opening a window in casing that has already been 3o cemented for the purpose of creating a lateral well. The steel is milled over a height of WO 99/58467 _2_ PCT/EP99/03099 several meters and then the lateral hole is bored, subjecting the cement. to shock and vibration which generally damages it in irremediable manner.
An object of the present invention is to provide novel formulations, specifically for cementing regions of oil wells or the like that are subjected to extreme dynamic stresses, such as zones that are punctured and junctions with side well branches.
In the fields of building and civil engineering, it is well known to reinforce cement with fibers. By way of example, mention can be made of asbestos fibers or glass fibers for reinforcing thin materials, specifically materials in plate form. Polymer fibers made of polypropylene or nylon, or indeed carbon fibers for applications having particularly severe 1o specifications, are also commonly used, specifically in sprayed concrete and facework treatment techniques. EP-576,401 discloses mortar composition which comprises an hydraulic cement, a mixture of admixtures, a continuum of particles between 0,1 p and 10 mm and cast iron fibers having a length between 10 and 40mm and preferably between 20 and 30 mm. The upper limit of workability of the fluid mortar composition is said to be no more than 42 kg/m3.
In the field of oil industry cements, various publications have suggested using mineral fibers (US S 421 409), in particular asbestos fibers (SU 1 010 253), or other fibers commonly used in building or civil engineering (SU 1 006 713). In a May 1995 article VAN VLIET, VAN KLEEF, SMITH, PLOMPEN, KUIJEVENHOVEN, QUARESMA, 2o and RATfURKAR VLIET, et al. have suggested using cements that include synthetic fibers, in particular fibers of polypropylene or nylon for sheathing oil wells. That article also suggests using the same synthetic. fibers for applications such as making plugs or as a plugging material against circulation losses.
An object of the present invention is to obtain oil industry cements that are reinforced with fibers and that have improved properties of tensile strength and impact resistance.
According to the invention, this problem is solved by adding fibers of amorphous cast metal to the cement slurry.
Amorphous cast metal fibers are known, e.g. from US 4 520 859, and they are obtained by casting a fine ribbon of molten metal on a cold drum. Rapid cooling prevents crystallization, so the metal solidifies in the form of an amorphous material.
The longest fibers give the best results from the point of view of tensile strength. It is thus preferable to use fibers that are at least S mm long. In addition, given that the width of the annulus to be cemented in an oil well is generally about 30 mm, the length of the fibers should not exceed 15 mm and preferably be between 5 and 10 mm.
Amorphous cast metal fibers are added to the cement slurry of the invention at a concentration of 3% to 15% by weight of fibers relative to the weight of cement, i.e.
typically with fiber concentrations in the slurry of the order of 50 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3, and preferably lying in the range 75 kg/m3 to 150 kg/m3.
In oil well cementing, non-homogeneous cement columns are not acceptable, particularly 1o when the wellbore is highly deviated. To avoid particle settling with such high concentrations of fibers, the yield stress ~y, i.e. the minimum stress to which the slurry must be submitted to flow, as defined using the Bingham Plastic rheogical model must be of at least 7 Pa and to remain pumpable, no more than 25 Pa, at the temperature of pumping.
Preferred slurnes have a yield stress ranging between 10 and 15 Pa. Anti-settling additives, such as cellulosic derivatives (hydroethylcellulose) or mixtures of biopolymer and silica flour for example are added to the slurry to adjust the yield stress.
At the higher concentrations, it is preferable to use mixtures of short fibers or mixtures of short and long fibers which mixtures present the advantages of short fibers from the point of pumpability.
2o As shown in particular in French patent application 97 11821 filed on September 23, 1997 in the name of the Applicant, the risk of a cement sheath breaking due to an increase in the pressure or the temperature in a well is directly related to the tensile strength of the cement, and said risk is attenuated when the ratio of the tensile strength of the cement over its Young's modulus increases. It is recalled that the more flexible a material, the smaller its Young's modulus.
When an increase in temperature or pressure persists, sheath damage can also be caused by radial stresses acting on the sheath, which stresses are in compression.
From that work, it appears that any additive seeking to improve the mechanical properties of a cement sheath must give rise to a cement that has both improved tensile strength and WO 99/58467 _4_ PCT/EP99/03099 improved strength in compression, a high degree of flexibility, and as large as possible a ratio of cement strength (in traction and in compression) over its Young's modulus. It is particularly noticeable that this is indeed the case with systems having amorphous cast metal fibers.
The amorphous cast metal fibers can be added to conventional slurries based on Portland cement, and also to special cementing slurries, e.g. a slurry based on aluminous cement.
The cement slurries according to the present invention are particularly suitable for cementing multi-lateral wells (due to their good impact resistance). There are also particularly adapted for borehole lining applications when the cement has to be drilled to which fibers prevent cement from falling apart and provides a good impact resistance to the shock generated by the drill bits.
The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1: fiber selection The influence of various fibers on the mechanical properties of a cement slurry has been studied on systems obtained under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (laboratory temperature and pressure).
The slurries were prepared using a reference slurry having a density of 16.4 lb/gal(US) ( 1.965 g/cm3) of cement, with porosity of 55.18%. The cement was a class G
Dickerhoff North cement. The slurnes were prepared in the presence of a suspension agent at a 2o concentration of 0.4% by weight of cement (BWOC) and of an anti-foaming agent at a concentration of 0.03 gallons per (94 pound) sack of cement (gps); (a concentration of 0.1 gps corresponds to 0.90 liters of anti-foaming agent per 100 kg of cement). The suspension agent was added to the mixing water, and mixing took place at 4000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 5 minutes prior to adding the cement.
Under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (ambient temperature and pressure), the Theology of the slurry as measured under the conditions recommended by the American Petroleum Institute (API) was as follows:
Rheology immediately RiSealogy after mixinb after 20 criinutes conditioning at arTthi en l letE1 RtUre PIa.StIC YlSCa5lIfYield Plastic Yield Stress stress velocity (mPa.s) (lb/lca0fti)(Pa] [mPa.s] [lhll~'~fc2] [Pa]
~
41.~ 52.4 25.1 70.5 58.1 27.5 The reference slurry was optimised 3o as to ha4~e relatively high Yield stress (~ty) to facilitate i~eeping the fibers in susper_sion. Slurries suitable for the Present invention shall exhibit a yield stress of no less than 7 and preferably at leas! 1;7 Pa before the tufctitiun of the fibers. The tit~er5 were added to the basic slurry in a Vortex type mixer, with stFrring at SIOW SFICCd.
The characteristics of the fiber used were as follows:
Type <yf fiber Length mm Pol m ylcne I2 >~lyl~n 12 Ribbon of ar.~o hoes cast 5, 10 or 15 metal U> The fibers or the ribbon of amorphous Cast tnctal eau be ~~blainad under the trademark Fibraflcx from SLVA, Chalort-sur-Saonc, France.
After setting for several deys, mechanical properties were measured on teat pieces in the farm of hors that rrrc:u,ured 16 em X 4 cm X 4 cm (flexural stxength tests) or euE~es having a side of 5 cm (2 inches) fur compression strength tests.
t5 The results are given in Tables I and ll where cc is the weight of added fibers (in grams ~r liter (g!1) of basic slurTy~). Tahle: I relates to flexural strength (modulus of rupture in bending MR and Young's rnodulr~a in b;.nding ~.E). Table 11 relates to compression vtrensth (cmnpression strength CS and Young's tncxiulu~ in eornpression E~j, Mr.;~suricy flexural strcugth requirc,s equipment thct is simpler than that for rna~.~urinb ~o tensile ~trc!igth, with which it card be corrwl~ated. Ernpiri4alJy, it is estimat;.d that flexural strength is twice tctrsile strength.
AMENDED SHEET
-fi-Table I
Type of Setting Fibers' MR EB MR/EB
fibers addedtime concentration (Mpa) (MPa) (X 1000) (days) in the g/1 cm /1 None 3 0 0 3.70 2848 1.32 Polypro- 3 17 18.9 4.35 5003 0.87 ylene Polypro- 3 9 10 5.34 4917 1.10 pylene Nylon 5 8 6.7 5.38 4702 1.20 Nylon 5 17 15.2 5.25 4896 1.10 Nylon 5 33 29.5 6.07 4509 1.35 mm 3 142 19.7 10.53 4231 2.62 cast metal 10 mm 5 71 9.9 9.81 5086 1.93 cast metal 5 mtn 5 142 19.7 9.30 4638 2.01 cast metal Tabie II
Type of Setting Fibers' CS Ec CS/Ec fibers addedtime concenS (Mpa) (MPa) (X 1000) (days) ution in the g/1 cm /l None 5 0 0 32.08 6616 4.90 Polypro- 3 17 18.9 18.81 5520 3.41 ylene Polypro- 3 9 10 22.39 5241 4.27 pylene Nylon 5 8 6.7 30.66 6530 4.72 N lon 5 17 15.2 26.95 5927 4.55 Nylon 5 33 29.5 23.47 4859 4.83 10 mm 3 142 19.7 27.72 7492 3.70 cast metal 10 mm 5 71 9.9 34.36 7068 4.90 cast metal 10 mm 5 35 4.9 35.67 6407 5.61 cast metal In the absence of reinforcing fibers, the flexural strength of the reference cement was less than 4 MPa, giving tensile strength of about 2 MPa only, which is one-sixteenth of its compression strength. It can thus be expected that cements placed under particularly difficult stress conditions will be damaged above all by the action of stresses operating in traction or in compression.
Synthetic fibers improve the modulus of rupture in bending, and thus also the modulus of rupture in traction. A small loss of compression strength is observed, which increases with increasing quantity of added fibers. In any event, the ratio MR/Eg is smaller with cements 1o that are reinforced by synthetic fibers than with the unreinforced reference cement.
The increase in flexural strength is much better with fibers of amorphous cast metal, which give rise to a flexural strength modulus of about 10 MPa, i.e. about three times stronger than the reference cement whereas synthetic fibers, at best, made it possible to reach flexural strength of close to 6 MPa; while using a much larger volume of fibers, and thus a priori being much more difficult to handle while pumping in the annular gap of a well. It should also be observed that the formulations given in these tables are not optimized.
Even more remarkably, this greater tensile strength is not accompanied by a loss of flexibility, and on the contrary flexibility increases. Consequently, the ratio of flexural strength over Young's modulus in bending is greater still.
A consequence of adding synthetic fibers is to decrease compression strength and the greater the quantity of fibers added, the greater the decrease in compression strength. With fibers of amorphous cast metal, the decrease in compression strength begins to appear only at very high concentrations of fibers. On the contrary, at lower concentrations, greater compression strength is obtained.
Example 2: effect of fiber length The influence of the length of fibers of amorphous cast metal was studied. The reference cement and the conditions of temperature and pressure were the same as for Example 1.
_g_ Setting time was 3 days for bending tests and '6 days for compression strength tests. The fibers were added at a concentration of 142 g/1.
Flexural Com ressio_n strength strength Fiber MR EB(MPa) MR/EB CS (MPa) Ec (MPa)CS/Ec length (MPa) (X 1000) (X 1000) 15 mm 11.48 4386 2.70 28.34 5444 5.28 mm 10.53 4231 2.62 30.48 6156 4.97 5 mm 9.30 4638 2.01 36.20 7571 4.79 None 3.70 2848 1.32 29.65 5139 5.85 5 Flexural strength increases with fiber length while compression strength decreases very slightly, while still remaining at a high level and well above that of flexural strength.
Example 3: impact strength Impact tests were performed on cement test pieces. These tests consisted in allowing a io projectile to drop through a height of 1 meter onto disks of set cement.
The disks were circular having a diameter of 70 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. The dynamic load was measured and recorded as a function of time.
The reference cement, without fibers, behaved like a brittle material and the energy absorbed by the test piece was estimated as being less than l0 Joules.
Comparative tests have been done with pieces reinforced by Nylon fibers and Polypropylene fibers (the concentration being such that the volume of added fibers does approximately correspond to the volume of cast-metal fibers at a concentration of 100g/1.
_g_ Fiber length Concentration Energy Dispersion (g/1) (Joules) Without fibers - ~7-8 52.5%
$ 30 19.2 12.4!0 $ 50 25,7 11.2%
100 60.6 20.6%
15 30 23.5 44.6%
15 50 38,2 54.6%
15 100 59.9 29.9%
N lon fibers 15.5 18,6 56.9%
Polyprop lene 12.5 34.3 31.8%
The test pieces of cement reinforced by fibers of amorphous cast metal had significantly improved impact behavior, as can be seen from the above table. It should be noted that the results are extremely dispersed, due to the heterogeneity of the cement pieces (fibers, cement particles, etc.). To get an impact behavior significantly better than the behavior obtained with net or standard fibers, the concentration of cast-metal fibers has to be higher than 50 g/1.
This good impact behavior is particularly advantageous when cementing multilateral wells.
io Example 4: cement setting under well conditions The tests were perfonmed again under temperature and pressure conditions close to the temperature and pressure conditions that are common in a well, i.e. at 170°F (77°C) and at 3000 psi (20.68 MPa).
The density of the basic slurry was 16.41b/gal(US) (1.965 g/cm3) of cement and its porosity was 55.26%. It was prepared using a class G Dickerhoff North cement and also contained 0.3% BWOC of suspension agent; 0.03 gps of anti-foaming agent, and 0.06 gps of a solution of a modified lignosulfonate acting as a cement setting retarder.
The rheology of the slurry, measured under the conditions recommended by the API were as follows:
Rheology Rheology Slurry immediately after characteristic after mixing conditioning at 20C for 20 minutes at 77C
Plastic Yield Plastic Yield StressFree waterThickening Stress viscosity viscosity time [mPa.SJ [Pa] [mPa.sJ [PaJ [ml]
91.6 9.0 61.5 39.8 1.5 228 After 3 days in an enclosure at 77°C and 20.68 MPa, the flexural strength of the bars was measured. For this test, the amount of energy released on breaking is also given (obtained by integrating the load-displacement curve for displacement between zero and the displacement at maximum load, i.e. the load at breaking).
Fiber Fiber concentration MR Eg MR/Eg Energy length (g/I) (BWOC) (%) (MPa (MPa) (X1000 (J) p 8.24 5147 1.64 0.058 5 mm 50 3.5 6.34 5230 1.21 0.032 5 mm 142 10 8.45 4629 1.87 0.092 mm 50 3.5 6.34 4797 1.33 0.038 10 mm 142 10 12.53 4799 2.66 0.260 mm 50 3.5 10.93 5516 2.16 0.307 15 mm 142 10 15.00 4491 3.41 0.734 The results obtained under the temperature and pressure conditions of a well confirm for the most part the results obtained under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
1o Whatever the concentration or the length of the fibers, Young's modulus remained within the range 4500 MPa to 5500 MPa. Nevertheless, it should be observed that the figures given in the above table are average values, and variation between samples was quite large.
At 50 g/1, there is little difference between 5 mm fibers and 10 mm fibers. At higher concentration, 10 mm fibers are clearly better than shorter fibers. Whatever the 15 concentration, 15 mm fibers give greater tensile strength.
Example 5: tests using aluminous cement For this test, a reference test piece prepared using an aluminous cement having 40%
alumina (of the Ciment Fondu type sold by Lafarge, France) without fibers was compared with a test piece prepared using metal fibers that were 15 mm long. The bars were placed in a pressurized enclosure at 3000 psi (20.68 MPa) for 4 days at 24°C.
Fiber concentrationDensityMR MR/EB MR/EB Energy ( ) (g/cm3)(MPa) (MPa) (X1000) (J) 0 1.65 4.19 3397 1.26 0.019 30 1.73 5.52 3796 1.49 0.032 This demonstrates that adding fibers significantly improves bending behavior without excessively degrading Young's modulus so that the ratio MR/EB is greater with cements of to the invention.
Example 6: the effect of fiber concentration The influence of fiber concentration was studied. The base slurry had a density of 16.4 lb/gal(US) ( 1.965 g/cm3) and was prepared using class G Dickerhoff North cement and had porosity of 55.18%. The slurry also contained 0.4% BWOC of suspension agent and 0.03 gps of anti-foaming agent.
The rheology of the slurry was as follows:
Rheology Rheology Free water immediately after conditioning after for mixin 20 minutes Plastic Yield StressPlastic Yield Stress viscosity viscosity [mPa.s] [Pa] [mPa.s] [Pa] [~]
58.5 22.8 79.0 27.2 2 2o Bending behavior was measured after setting for 5 days under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and the data is summarized in the tables below.
Figure 1 shows WO 99/58467 PC'T/EP99/03099 bar displacement as a function of load exerted during the bending test for cements containing fibers having a length of 15 mm.
It is considered that cement breakage takes place at the maximum of the load-displacement curve. With cements having reinforcing fibers, it can ~ be seen firstly that there is a very significant increase in the load corresponding to said maximum, and secondly that behavior after breakage is very different, the network of fibers maintaining a degree of cohesion for the matrix and thus preventing sudden breakage.
mm fibers Fiber MR EB MR/EB Energy concentration MPa) MPa) (X 1000) J) ( ) %
BWOC
0 0 3.70 2848 1.32 0.049 15 1 4.74 4359 1.10 0.048 30 2 4.98 3078 1.60 0.256 60 4 7.53 3103 2.46 0.447 75 5 9.63 3374 2.86 0.517 100 7 10.10 3122 3.24 0.840 142 10 11.48 4386 2.70 0.358 5 mm fibers Fiber MR EB MR/EB Energy concentration (MPa) {MPa) (X 1000) (J) ( ) %
BWOC
0 0 3.70 2848 1.32 0.049 1 4.05 3063 1.32 0.052 30 2 4.22 3127 1.35 0.053 60 4 5.53 3498 1.59 0.081 75 5 5.58 3096 1.8 0.136 100 7 6.15 3335 1.84 0.118 142 10 7.52 3674 2.05 0.255 Flexural strength increased regularly with fiber concentration. Except perhaps when there vuas a very high concentration of long fibers, Young's modulus was little affected by fiber 15 concentration (the results are difficult to interpret given the dispersion of the measurements).
Best results were obtained with fibers that were 15 mrn long, with the fibers being at a concentration of 100 g/1, at which concentration the ratlo of mechanical strength in bending over Young's modulus was about 2.5 times the ratio obtained with the reference slurry having no fibers.
Example 7: mixing fibers The above tests show that best results are obtained at higher concentrations of fibers.
Nevertheless, pumping a slung with relatively long fibers (15 mm) at that concentration of 100 kg/m3 or more turns out to be impossible with the pump configurations used for 1o pumping well cements.
Further testing was performed on a slung comprising a mixture of S mm fibers and 1 S mm fibers. In this pumpability test, the cement slurry was replaced by a water mud constituted by a suspension of clay in water, having a viscosity of 51 mPa.s and a Yield.
Stress, of 33.5 Pa, which constitutes very high rheology.
With a Triplex type pump, commonly used in oil fields, a cement slung having 1 S kg/m3 of 15 mm fibers caused the pump to "cough". It was not possible to pump a slurry having 30 kg/m3 of 15 mm fibers. However, there was no difficulty in pumping a fluid having 90 kg/m3 of S mm fibers.
Thereafter, 60 kg/m3 of 15 mm fibers were added to the fluid that already contained 90 kg/m3 of 5 mm fibers. In spite of having a fiber concentration of 150 kg/m3, pumping raised no difficulties.
Cements having a mixture of short fibers and long fibers present mechanical behavior that is associated with the long fiber concentration as can be seen by comparing the values from the following table with the flexural strength values obtained in Example 5.
mm fibers15 mm MR EB MR/Eg Energy (g/1) fibers (MPa) (MPa) (X 1000) (J) (g/1) 0 0 3.21 3035 1.08 0.0325 1 S 3.93 3175 1.27 0.0831 15 30 6.16 3025 2.03 0.2728 15 60 8.82 4014 2.30 0.5509
Claims (6)
1. A cementing slurry for an oil well or the like and including reinforcing fibers of amorphous cast metal and whose yield stress (~ y) immediately after mixing and before the introduction of the fibers is between 5 and 25 Pa.
2. A cementing slurry according to claim 1 characterized in that fiber concentration lies in the range 50 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3 of cement slurry.
3. A cementing slurry according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that said fibers are of a length lying in the range 5 mm to 15 mm.
4. A cementing slurry according to claim 3 characterized in that it includes a mixture of mm fibers and of 15 mm fibers.
5. A cementing slurry according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it further includes a suspension agent.
6. The use of cementing slurries according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in cementing that is subjected to extreme dynamic stresses such as perforation zones acid branch well junctions.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9805884A FR2778402B1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1998-05-11 | CEMENTING COMPOSITIONS AND APPLICATION THEREOF FOR CEMENTING OIL WELLS OR THE LIKE |
| FR98/05884 | 1998-05-11 | ||
| PCT/EP1999/003099 WO1999058467A1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-04 | Cementing compositions and use of such compositions for cementing oil wells or the like |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2331215A1 true CA2331215A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
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| CA002331215A Abandoned CA2331215A1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-04 | Cementing compositions and use of such compositions for cementing oil wells or the like |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US6458198B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1086057B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3932399A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9910238A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2331215A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1086057T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2778402B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX220980B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20005678L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999058467A1 (en) |
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| FR2810661B1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2003-06-06 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | CEMENT COMPRISING ANISOTROPIC POLYMER PARTICLES, CEMENT PASTE, CONSOLIDATED MATERIAL, PREPARATION AND USES |
| ATE404505T1 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2008-08-15 | Schlumberger Technology Bv | LOW DENSITY FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT COMPOSITION |
| GB2392682B (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2005-10-26 | Schlumberger Holdings | Cement slurries containing fibers |
| US6962201B2 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2005-11-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with improved mechanical properties and methods of cementing in subterranean formations |
| US7217441B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2007-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for coating pipe comprising using cement compositions comprising high tensile strength fibers and/or a multi-purpose cement additive |
| US7147055B2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-12-12 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with improved corrosion resistance and methods of cementing in subterranean formations |
| US7273100B2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-09-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Biodegradable dispersants for cement compositions and methods of cementing in subterranean formations |
| US6957702B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2005-10-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with improved mechanical properties and methods of cementing in a subterranean formation |
| US6904971B2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-06-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with improved corrosion resistance and methods of cementing in subterranean formations |
| US7441600B2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2008-10-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with improved mechanical properties and methods of cementing in subterranean formations |
| WO2004101952A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-25 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Self adaptive cement systems |
| US8469095B2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2013-06-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Self adaptive cement systems |
| DE10341393B3 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-23 | Pierburg Gmbh | Air induction port system for internal combustion engines has exhaust gas return passage made in one piece with casing, and exhaust gas return valve and throttle valve are constructed as cartridge valve for insertion in holes in casing |
| US7178597B2 (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2007-02-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions comprising high aspect ratio materials and methods of use in subterranean formations |
| US7055603B2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2006-06-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions comprising strength-enhancing lost circulation materials and methods of cementing in subterranean formations |
| US20060272819A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2006-12-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of preparing settable fluids comprising particle-size distribution-adjusting agents, and associated methods |
| US20050155763A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-21 | Reddy B. R. | Settable fluids comprising particle-size distribution-adjusting agents and methods of use |
| US7137446B2 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2006-11-21 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Fluids comprising reflective particles and methods of using the same to determine the size of a wellbore annulus |
| US6990698B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2006-01-31 | Wall Sr Daniel P | UPS shippable adjustable articulating bed |
| US20060157244A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-07-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Compositions comprising melt-processed inorganic fibers and methods of using such compositions |
| US7537054B2 (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2009-05-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions comprising high aspect ratio materials and methods of use in subterranean formations |
| US7174961B2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2007-02-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of cementing using cement compositions comprising basalt fibers |
| US7528096B2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2009-05-05 | Bj Services Company | Structured composite compositions for treatment of subterranean wells |
| WO2008034461A1 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Cementing composition comprising within un-reacted cement |
| EP2404975A1 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2012-01-11 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | Composition for well cementing comprising a compounded elastomer swelling additive |
| EP2404884A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2012-01-11 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | Compositions and methods for well treatment |
| WO2011163587A1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Board Of Governors For Higher Education,State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Self-mending composites incorporating encapsulated mending agents |
| CN101929328B (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2011-08-10 | 邯郸市伟业地热开发有限公司 | Dynamic water filter material throwing technological method of geothermal well |
| HUE028864T2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2017-01-30 | Schlumberger Technology Bv | Self-repairing cements |
| CA2808203C (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2016-09-13 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Compositions and methods for well completions |
| CA2758514A1 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-08 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Compositions and methods for well completions |
| EP2487141B1 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2015-08-05 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | Self-adaptive cements |
| EP2518034B1 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2015-01-07 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | Use of asphaltite-mineral particles in self-adaptive cement for cementing well bores in subterranean formations |
| US10066146B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2018-09-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Wellbore servicing compositions and methods of making and using same |
| RU2770375C1 (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-04-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тульский государственный университет" (ТулГУ) | Composite raw mix for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete |
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| US3774683A (en) * | 1972-05-23 | 1973-11-27 | Halliburton Co | Method for stabilizing bore holes |
| NO162810C (en) * | 1982-04-06 | 1992-08-13 | Schlumberger Cie Dowell | CEMENT SUSPENSION AND PROCEDURE FOR CEMENTATION OF OIL BROWNS AND GEOTHERMIC BURNS. |
| FR2692885B1 (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1995-07-07 | Sandoz Sa | MORTAR AND CEMENTING METHOD FOR RESTORING WATERPROOFING AT A GEOLOGICALLY WATERPROOF TABLECLOTH. |
| FR2710334B1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-12-08 | Seva | Composite product based on a hydraulic binder material and metallic fibers, process for obtaining and using such a product. |
| US5421409A (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-06-06 | Bj Services Company | Slag-based well cementing compositions and methods |
| US5989336A (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 1999-11-23 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Cement composition |
-
1998
- 1998-05-11 FR FR9805884A patent/FR2778402B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-04 AU AU39323/99A patent/AU3932399A/en not_active Abandoned
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- 1999-05-04 DK DK99922184T patent/DK1086057T3/en active
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| AU3932399A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
| MX220980B (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| NO20005678D0 (en) | 2000-11-10 |
| EP1086057A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| NO20005678L (en) | 2001-01-10 |
| FR2778402B1 (en) | 2000-07-21 |
| EP1086057B1 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
| MXPA00011046A (en) | 2001-09-01 |
| DK1086057T3 (en) | 2002-07-22 |
| FR2778402A1 (en) | 1999-11-12 |
| BR9910238A (en) | 2001-01-30 |
| WO1999058467A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
| US6458198B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
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