CA2378345A1 - Method and system for fingerprint template matching - Google Patents

Method and system for fingerprint template matching Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2378345A1
CA2378345A1 CA002378345A CA2378345A CA2378345A1 CA 2378345 A1 CA2378345 A1 CA 2378345A1 CA 002378345 A CA002378345 A CA 002378345A CA 2378345 A CA2378345 A CA 2378345A CA 2378345 A1 CA2378345 A1 CA 2378345A1
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Prior art keywords
angle
data chunk
minutia
coordinate
measured data
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CA002378345A
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French (fr)
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CA2378345C (en
Inventor
Anthony P. Russo
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Precise Biometrics AB
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1365—Matching; Classification

Abstract

A method for matching templates and a system thereof. Each template includes a plurality of data chunks, each data chunk representing a minutia and comprising a location, a minutia angle and a neighborhood. The location is represented by two coordinates. In one embodiment, each coordinate and the minutia angle are quantized. The neighborhood includes positional parameters with respect to a selected minutia for a predetermined number of neighbor minutiae. In one embodiment, a neighborhood boundary is drawn around the selected minutia and neighbor minutiae are selected from the enclosed area. A
reference template is compared to a measured template on a chunk-by-chunk basis. A chunk from each of the template is loaded into a random access memory (RAM). The location, minutia angle and neighborhood of the reference data chunk are compared with the location, minutia angle and neighborhood of the measured data chunk, respectively. In one embodiment, the comparison uses straight subtractions. If the differences for all the parameters meet their respective predetermined tolerances, the measured data chunk matches the reference data chunk. If the number of data chunk matches is equal to or is greater than a predetermined data chunk match rate, the measured template matches the reference template. The neighborhoods are compared by comparing each positional parameter. If all the positional parameters match, the neighbors match. If a predetermined number of neighbor matches is met, the neighborhoods match.

Claims (107)

1. A method for matching templates, comprising:
providing a reference template, said reference template comprising a plurality of reference data chunks;
providing a template to be compared, said measured template comprising a plurality of measured data chunks;
loading one of said reference data chunks and one of said measured data chunks into a random access memory (RAM) for comparison, said RAM storing only one reference data chunk and one measured data chunk during said comparison; and comparing said one of said reference data chunks with said one of said measured data chunks.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein providing a reference template comprises creating a reference data chunk for each minutia making up a reference fingerprint image.
3. The method of Claim 1, wherein providing a measured template comprises creating a measured data chunk for each minutia making up a fingerprint image to be verified.
4. The method of Claim 1, wherein each of said reference data chunks and each of said measured data chunks comprise:
a location of a minutia;
a minutia angle of said minutia; and neighborhood information of said minutia.
5. The method of Claim 4, further comprising comparing a location of said reference data chunk to a location of said measured data chunk.
6. The method of Claim 4, further comprising representing said location with a first coordinate and a second coordinate.
7. The method of Claim 6, further comprising quantizing said first and second coordinates.
8. The method of Claim 7, wherein said quantizing said first and second coordinates comprises quantizing each of said first and second coordinates to equal to or less than eight bits.
9. The method of Claim 7 wherein said quantizing is a function of a predetermined size of a memory.
10. The method of Claim 7 wherein said quantizing is a function of a predetermined accuracy.
11. The method of Claim 6, further comprising comparing a first coordinate of said reference data chunk to said a coordinate of said measured data chunk.
12. The method of Claim 11, wherein said comparing comprises subtracting said first coordinate of said measured data chunk from said first coordinate of said reference data chunk to obtain a first coordinate difference.
13. The method of Claim 12, wherein said first coordinate of said measured data chunk matches said first coordinate of said reference data chunk if said first coordinate difference is less than a predetermined first coordinate tolerance.
14. The method of Claim 6, further comprising comparing a second coordinate of said reference data chunk to a second coordinate of said measured data chunk.
15. The method of Claim 14, wherein said comparing comprises subtracting said second coordinate of said measured data chunk from said second coordinate of said reference data chunk to obtain a second coordinate difference.
16. The method of Claim 15, wherein said second coordinate of said measured data chunk matches said second coordinate of said reference data chunk if said second coordinate difference is less than a predetermined second coordinate tolerance.
17. The method of Claim 4, further comprising quantizing said minutia angle.
18. The method of Claim 17, further comprising quantizing said minutia angle to equal to or less than eight bits.
19. The method of Claim 4, further comprising comparing a minutia angle of one of said reference data chunks to a minutia angle of one of said measured data chunks.
20. The method of Claim 19, wherein said comparing comprises subtracting said minutia angle of said measured data chunk with said minutia angle of said reference data chunk to obtain a minutia angle difference.
21. The method of Claim 20, wherein said minutia angle of said measured data chunk matches said minutia angle of said reference data chunk if said minutia angle difference is less than a predetermined minutia angle tolerance.
22. The method of Claim 19, wherein said comparing comprises comparing said minutia angle of said measured data chunk with said minutia angle of said reference data chunk in a complex domain.
23. The method of Claim 4, further comprising selecting a predetermined number of neighbors.
24. The method of Claim 23, further comprising constructing a neighborhood boundary surrounding said minutia.
25. The method of Claim 24, wherein constructing a neighborhood boundary comprises constructing a neighborhood boundary of a predetermined shape and size.
26. The method of Claim 24, wherein said neighborhood boundary is circular having said minutia as a center for said neighborhood boundary.
27. The method of Claim 24, wherein said neighborhood boundary is square having said minutia as a center for said neighborhood boundary.
28. The method of Claim 23, further comprising selecting the closest minutiae to said minutia as said neighbors.
29. The method of Claim 23, further comprising arbitrarily selecting a neighbor from a plurality of closely spaced minutiae.
30. The method of Claim 23, further comprising disposing all closely spaced minutiae.
31. The method of Claim 23, further comprising:
constructing an x-axis having said minutia as a center point and in a direction tangential to a ridge where said minutia is extracted;
constructing a y-axis perpendicular to said x-axis;
constructing a line between said minutia and said neighbor, said line having a distance, said line being at a first angle from said x-axis;
constructing a line from said neighbor in a direction tangential to a ridge where said neighbor is extracted, said line intersecting said x-axis and forming a second angle from said x-axis; and representing said neighbor with said distance, said first angle, and said second angle.
32. The method of Claim 31, further comprising quantizing said distance.
33. The method of Claim 32, further comprising quantizing said distance to equal to or less than eight bits.
34. The method of Claim 31, further comprising quantizing said first angle.
35. The method of Claim 34, further comprising quantizing said first angle to equal to or less than eight bits.
36. The method of Claim 31, further comprising quantizing said second angle.
37. The method of Claim 36, further comprising quantizing said second angle to equal to or less than eight bits.
38. The method of Claim 31, further comprising comparing a distance of a reference neighbor in said reference data chunk to a distance of a neighbor in said measured data chunk.
39. The method of Claim 38, wherein said comparing comprises subtracting said distance of said measured data chunk with said distance of said reference data chunk to obtain a distance difference.
40. The method of Claim 39, wherein said distance of said measured data chunk matches said distance of said reference data chunk if said distance difference is less than a predetermined distance tolerance.
41. The method of Claim 31, further comprising comparing a first angle of a reference neighbor in said reference data chunk to a first angle of a neighbor in said measured data chunk.
42. The method of Claim 41, wherein said comparing comprises subtracting said first angle of said measured data chunk with said first angle of said reference data chunk to obtain a first angle difference.
43. The method of Claim 42, wherein said first angle of said measured data chunk matches said first angle of said reference data chunk if said first angle difference is less than a predetermined first angle tolerance.
44. The method of Claim 41, wherein said comparing comprises comparing said first angle of said measured data chunk with said first angle of said reference data chunk in a complex domain.
45. The method of Claim 31, further comprising comparing a second angle of a reference neighbor in said reference data chunk to a second angle of a neighbor in said measured data chunk.
46. The method of Claim 45, wherein said comparing comprises subtracting said second angle of said measured data chunk with said second angle of said reference data chunk to obtain a second angle difference.
47. The method of Claim 46, wherein said second angle of said measured data chunk matches said second angle of said reference data chunk if said second angle difference is less than a predetermined second angle tolerance.
48. The method of Claim 45, wherein said comparing comprises comparing said second angle of said neighbor in said reference data chunk to said second angle of said neighbor in said measured data chunk in a complex domain.
49. The method of Claim 31, wherein a neighbor of said reference data chunk matches a neighbor of said measured data chunk if a distance, a first angle and a second angle of a reference neighbor in said reference data chunk match a distance, a first angle and a second angle of a neighbor in said measured data chunk.
50. The method of Claim 49, wherein a neighborhood of said reference data chunk matches a neighborhood of said measured data chunk if a number of neighbor matches is greater than a predetermined neighbor matching rate.
51. The method of Claim 23, further comprising calculating a standard deviation for each of said neighbors.
52. The method of Claim 23, further comprising maximizing a spread of said neighbors around said minutia.
53. The method of Claim 4, further comprising comparing a neighborhood of said reference data chunk to a neighborhood of said measured data chunk.
54. The method of Claim 53, wherein said reference data chunk matches said measured data chunk if a location, a minutia angle and a neighborhood of said reference data chunk match a location, a minutia angle and a neighborhood of said measured data chunk.
55. The method of Claim 54, wherein said reference template matches said measured template if a number of data chunk matches is equal to or is greater than a predetermined data chunk match rate.
56. The method of Claim 1, further comprising sorting said reference data chunks.
57. The method of Claim 1, further comprising sorting said measured data chunks.
58. The method of Claim 56, further comprising setting a flag in said measured data chunk indicating a first match between said first coordinate of said reference data chunk and said first coordinate of said measured data chunk.
59. The method of Claim 58, further comprising comparing said second coordinate of said reference data chunk to said second coordinate of said measured data chunk starting from said flagged measured data chunk.
60. The method of Claim 57, further comprising setting a flag in said reference data chunk indicating a first match between said first coordinate of said reference data chunk and said first coordinate of said measured data chunk.
61. The method of Claim 60, further comprising comparing said second coordinate of said reference data chunk to said second coordinate of said measured data chunk starting from said flagged reference data chunk.
62. The method of Claim 20, wherein said minutia angle of said measured data chunk matches said minutia angle of said reference data chunk if said minutia angle difference is greater than or equal to a difference between a maximum allowable minutia angle and a predetermined minutia angle tolerance.
63. A fingerprint verification system, comprising, a smart card reader, said smart card reader comprising:
a fingerprint sensor; and a first microprocessor, said first microprocessor generating a measured template having a plurality of measured data chunks from data read by said fingerprint sensor;

a smart card, said smart card comprising:
a static memory, said static memory storing a reference template having a plurality of reference data chunks;

a second microprocessor, said second microprocessor executing a matching algorithm for determining whether said measured template matches said reference template; and a random access memory;~said random access memory (RAM) storing at least one reference data chunk and at least one measured data chunk during execution of said matching algorithm; and a communication channel between said smart card and said smart card reader.
64. The system of Claim 63, wherein a measured data chunk is loaded into said RAM of said smart card through said communication channel.
65. The system of Claim 63, wherein each of said measured data chunks and each of said reference data chunks comprise:
a location of a minutia;
a minutia angle of said minutia; and, a neighborhood of said minutia.
66. The system of Claim 65, wherein said location comprises:
a first coordinate; and a second coordinate.
67. The system of Claim 66, wherein said first coordinate is quantized.
68. The system of Claim 67, wherein said first coordinate is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
69. The system of Claim 66, wherein said second coordinate is quantized.
70. The system of Claim 69, wherein said second coordinate is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
71. The system of Claim 65, wherein said minutia angle is quantized.
72. The system of Claim 71, wherein said minutia angle is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
73. The system of Claim 65, wherein said neighborhood comprises positional parameters of a plurality of a predetermined number of neighbors.
74. The system of Claim 73, wherein said positional parameters comprises:
a distance between said minutia and a neighbor minutia;
a first angle between a first coordinate in a direction tangential to a ridge where said minutia is extracted and a line drawn between said minutia and said neighbor minutia; and a second angle between said first coordinate and a second coordinate in a direction tangential to a ridge where said neighbor minutia is extracted.
75. The system of Claim 74, wherein said distance is quantized.
76. The system of Claim 75, wherein said distance is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
77. The system of Claim 74, wherein said first angle is quantized.
78. The system of Claim 77, wherein said first angle is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
79. The system of Claim 74, wherein said second angle is quantized.
80. The system of Claim 79, wherein said second angle is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
81. The system of Claim 73, wherein said neighbors are sorted.
82. The system of Claim 63, wherein said second microprocessor is an 8-bit microprocessor.
83. The system of Claim 63, wherein said second microprocessor has a speed between approximately 1 MegaKertz and approximately 10 MegaHertz.
84. The system of Claim 63, wherein said RAM is approximately 256 Kilobyte in size.
85. The system of Claim 63, wherein said reference data chunks are sorted.
86. The system of Claim 63, wherein said measured data chunks are sorted.
87. The system of Claim 63, wherein said RAM stores only one reference data chunk and only one measured data chunk during execution of said matching algorithm.
88. A fingerprint verification system, comprising:
a fingerprint sensor;
a static memory, said static memory storing a reference template having a plurality of reference data chunks;
a microprocessor, said microprocessor generating a measured template from data read by said fingerprint sensor and executing a matching algorithm for determining whether said measured (template matches said reference template, wherein said measured template having a plurality of measured data chunks; and by a random access memory, said random access memory (RAM) storing one of said reference data chunks and one of said measured data chunks during execution of said matching algorithm.
89. The system of Claim 88, wherein each of said measured data chunks and each of said reference data chunks comprise:
a location of a minutia;
a minutia angle of said minutia; and a neighborhood of said minutia.
90. The system of Claim 89, wherein said location comprises:
a first coordinate; and a second coordinate.
91. The system of Claim 90, wherein said first coordinate is quantized.
92. The system of Claim 91, wherein said first coordinate is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
93. The system of Claim 90, wherein said second coordinate is quantized.
94. The system of Claim 93, wherein said second coordinate is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
95. The system of Claim 89, wherein said minutia angle is quantized.
96. The system of Claim 95, wherein said minutia angle is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
97. The system of Claim 89, wherein said neighborhood comprises positional parameters of a plurality of a predetermined number of neighbors.
98. The system of Claim 97, wherein said positional parameters comprise:

a distance between said minutia and a neighbor minutia;
a first angle between a first coordinate in a direction tangential to a ridge where said minutia is extracted and a line drawn between said minutia and said neighbor minutia; and a second angle between said first coordinate and a second coordinate in a direction tangential to a ridge where said neighbor minutia is extracted.
99. The system of Claim 98, wherein said distance is quantized.
100. The system of Claim 99, wherein said distance is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
101. The system of Claim 98, wherein said first angle is quantized.
102. The system of Claim 101, wherein said first angle is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
103. The system of Claim 98, wherein said second angle is quantized.
104. The system of Claim 103, wherein said second angle is quantized to equal to or less than eight bits.
105. The system of Claim 97, wherein said neighbors are sorted.
106. The system of Claim 88, wherein said reference data chunks are sorted.
107. The system of Claim 88, wherein said measured data chunks are sorted.
CA2378345A 1999-07-15 1999-11-19 Method and system for fingerprint template matching Expired - Lifetime CA2378345C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/354,929 US6681034B1 (en) 1999-07-15 1999-07-15 Method and system for fingerprint template matching
US09/354,929 1999-07-15
PCT/US1999/027561 WO2001006445A1 (en) 1999-07-15 1999-11-19 Method and system for fingerprint template matching

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CA2378345A1 true CA2378345A1 (en) 2001-01-25
CA2378345C CA2378345C (en) 2010-07-06

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US (2) US6681034B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1203344B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1167031C (en)
AT (1) ATE309581T1 (en)
AU (1) AU768531B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2378345C (en)
DE (1) DE69928297T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001006445A1 (en)

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