CA2378502A1 - Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds - Google Patents
Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2378502A1 CA2378502A1 CA002378502A CA2378502A CA2378502A1 CA 2378502 A1 CA2378502 A1 CA 2378502A1 CA 002378502 A CA002378502 A CA 002378502A CA 2378502 A CA2378502 A CA 2378502A CA 2378502 A1 CA2378502 A1 CA 2378502A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- security article
- oxide
- substrate
- dielectric layer
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 53
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 13
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- VFLXBUJKRRJAKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13768-86-0 Chemical compound O=[Se](=O)=O VFLXBUJKRRJAKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229940044927 ceric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);trifluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[Ce+3] QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001940 europium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Eu+3].[Eu+3] AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium;methane Chemical compound C.[Hf] WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000417 polynaphthalene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- OJIKOZJGHCVMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-K samarium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Sm](F)F OJIKOZJGHCVMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BYMUNNMMXKDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluorolanthanum Chemical compound F[La](F)F BYMUNNMMXKDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- XRADHEAKQRNYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroneodymium Chemical compound F[Nd](F)F XRADHEAKQRNYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/369—Magnetised or magnetisable materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/373—Metallic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H1/0256—Laminate comprising a hologram layer having specific functional layer
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- B42D2035/24—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H1/0244—Surface relief holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/12—Special arrangement of layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/42—Reflective layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Abstract
A security article (10) includes a light transmissive substrate (14) having a first surface and an opposing second surface, with the first surface having an embossed region with an optical diffraction pattern or a holographic image pattern (15). A color shifting optical coating (16) is formed on the substra te such as on the opposing second surface, with the optical coating providing a n observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes. The security article can be used in a variety of applications and products to provide for enhanced security measures such as anticounterfeitin g.
Claims (52)
1. A security article comprising:
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having an optical interference pattern; and a color shifting optical coating on the second surface of the substrate, the optical coating providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having an optical interference pattern; and a color shifting optical coating on the second surface of the substrate, the optical coating providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
2. The security article of claim 1, wherein the substrate is composed of a plastic material.
3. The security article of claim 2, wherein the plastic material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polypropylene, polynaphthalene terephthalate, and mixtures or copolymers thereof.
4. The security article of claim 1, wherein the optical interference pattern is a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern.
5. The security article of claim 1, wherein the color shifting optical coating is a multilayer optical interference film including an absorber layer on the second surface of the substrate, and a dielectric layer on the absorber layer.
6. The security article of claim 1, wherein the color shifting optical coating is a multilayer optical interference film including an absorber layer on the second surface of the substrate, a dielectric layer on the absorber layer, and a reflector layer on the dielectric layer.
7. The security article of claim 1, wherein the color shifting optical coating comprises a plurality of multilayer optical interference flakes dispersed in a polymeric medium.
8. The security article of claim 1, further comprising a release layer on the substrate.
9. A security article comprising:
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting multilayer optical film on the second surface of the substrate, the optical film comprising:
an absorber layer on the second surface of the substrate;
a dielectric layer on the absorber layer; and a reflector layer on the dielectric layer;
wherein the optical film coating provides an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting multilayer optical film on the second surface of the substrate, the optical film comprising:
an absorber layer on the second surface of the substrate;
a dielectric layer on the absorber layer; and a reflector layer on the dielectric layer;
wherein the optical film coating provides an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
10. The security article of claim 9, wherein the absorber layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of chromium, nickel, palladium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, ferric oxide, carbon, and combinations or alloys thereof.
11. The security article of claim 9, wherein the absorber layer has a physical thickness of about 30 .ANG. to about 150 .ANG..
12. The security article of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer has an index of refraction of about 1.65 or less.
13. The security article of claim 12, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, cerium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, sodium aluminum fluorides, neodymium fluoride, samarium fluoride, barium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and combinations thereof.
14. The security article of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer is composed of an organic material.
15. The security article of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of acrylates, perfluoroalkenes, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, and combinations thereof.
16. The security article of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer has an index of refraction of greater than about 1.65.
17. The security article of claim 16, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon, indium oxide, indium-tin-oxide, tantalum pentoxide, ceric oxide, .
yttrium oxide, europium oxide, iron oxides, hafnium nitride, hafnium carbide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, neodymium oxide, praseodymium oxide, samarium oxide, antimony trioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon monoxide, selenium trioxide, tin oxide, tungsten trioxide, and combinations thereof.
yttrium oxide, europium oxide, iron oxides, hafnium nitride, hafnium carbide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, neodymium oxide, praseodymium oxide, samarium oxide, antimony trioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon monoxide, selenium trioxide, tin oxide, tungsten trioxide, and combinations thereof.
18. The security article of claim 9, wherein the dielectric layer has an optical thickness in a range from about 2 QWOT at a design wavelength of about 400 nm to about 9 QWOT at a design wavelength of about 700 nm.
19. The security article of claim 9, wherein the reflector layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, tin, niobium, chromium, and combinations or alloys thereof.
20. The security article of claim 9, wherein the reflector layer is composed of a magnetic material.
21. The security article of claim 20, wherein the magnetic material comprises a cobalt-nickel alloy.
22. The security article of claim 9, wherein the reflector layer has a physical thickness of about 300 .ANG. to about 1000 .ANG..
23. A security article comprising:
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting optical coating on the second surface of the substrate, the optical coating including a polymeric medium and a plurality of color shifting multilayer optical interference flakes dispersed in the polymeric medium, each of the interference flakes comprising at least an absorber layer and a dielectric layer;
wherein the optical coating provides an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting optical coating on the second surface of the substrate, the optical coating including a polymeric medium and a plurality of color shifting multilayer optical interference flakes dispersed in the polymeric medium, each of the interference flakes comprising at least an absorber layer and a dielectric layer;
wherein the optical coating provides an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
24. The security article of claim 23, wherein each of the flakes has a dimension on any surface thereof ranging from about 2 to about 200 microns.
25. The security article of claim 23, wherein each of the flakes further comprises a reflector layer.
26. A security article comprising:
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting pigment dispersed within the substrate and comprising a plurality of multilayer optical interference flakes, each of the interference flakes comprising at least an absorber layer and a dielectric layer, the pigment providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting pigment dispersed within the substrate and comprising a plurality of multilayer optical interference flakes, each of the interference flakes comprising at least an absorber layer and a dielectric layer, the pigment providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
27. The security article of claim 26, wherein each of the flakes has a dimension on any surface thereof ranging from about 2 to about 200 microns.
28. The security article of claim 26, wherein each of the flakes further comprises a reflector layer.
29. A method of forming a security article, comprising the steps of:
providing a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having an optical interference pattern;
and forming a color shifting optical coating on the second surface of the substrate, the optical coating providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
providing a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having an optical interference pattern;
and forming a color shifting optical coating on the second surface of the substrate, the optical coating providing an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the substrate is composed of a plastic material.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the plastic material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polypropylene, polynaphthalene terephthalate, and mixtures or copolymers thereof.
32. The method of claim 29, wherein the optical interference pattern is formed by embossing a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern on the first surface of the substrate.
33. The method of claim 29, wherein the color shifting optical coating is formed by depositing an absorber layer on the second surface of the substrate, and depositing a dielectric layer on the absorber layer.
34. The method of claim 33, further comprising the step of depositing a reflector layer on the dielectric layer.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the absorber layer, the dielectric layer, and the reflector layer are each deposited by physical vapor deposition.
36. The method of claim 29, wherein the color shifting optical coating is formed by applying a color shifting ink comprising a plurality of multilayer optical interference flakes dispersed in a polymeric medium to the second surface of the substrate.
37. The method of claim 29, wherein the color shifting optical coating is formed on the second surface of the substrate by coextruding a color shifting material, comprising a plurality of multilayer optical interference flakes dispersed in a polymeric medium, with a material forming the substrate.
38. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of forming a release layer on the substrate.
39. The method of claim 38, further comprising the step of hot stamping the security article to an object.
40. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of attaching the security article to an object.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the object is selected from the group consisting of security documents, monetary currency, credit cards, and merchandise packaging.
42. A security article comprising:
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting multilayer optical film on the first surface of the substrate, the optical film comprising:
an absorber layer on the first surface of the substrate; and a dielectric layer on the absorber layer;
wherein the optical film provides an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes
a light transmissive substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface having a diffraction grating pattern or a holographic image pattern; and a color shifting multilayer optical film on the first surface of the substrate, the optical film comprising:
an absorber layer on the first surface of the substrate; and a dielectric layer on the absorber layer;
wherein the optical film provides an observable color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing angle changes
43. The security article of claim 42, wherein the substrate is composed of a plastic material.
44. The security article of claim 42, wherein the optical film further comprises a reflector layer on the dielectric layer.
45. The security article of claim 42, wherein the absorber layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of chromium, nickel, palladium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, ferric oxide, carbon, and combinations or alloys thereof.
46. The security article of claim 42, wherein the wherein the dielectric layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, cerium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, sodium aluminum fluorides, neodymium fluoride, samarium fluoride, barium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and combinations thereof.
47. The security article of claim 42, wherein the dielectric layer is composed of an organic material.
48. The security article of claim 42, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon, indium oxide, indium-tin-oxide, tantalum pentoxide, ceric oxide, yttrium oxide, europium oxide, iron oxides, hafnium nitride, hafnium carbide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, neodymium oxide, praseodymium oxide, samarium oxide, antimony trioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon monoxide, selenium trioxide, tin oxide, tungsten trioxide, and combinations thereof.
49. The security article of claim 44, wherein the reflector layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, tin, niobium, chromium, and combinations or alloys thereof.
50. The security article of claim 44, wherein the reflector layer is composed of a magnetic material.
51. The security article of claim 42, further comprising a release layer on the second surface of the substrate.
52. The security article of claim 42, further comprising an adhesive layer on the optical film.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2599246A CA2599246C (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2000-04-21 | Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/351,102 | 1999-07-08 | ||
US09/351,102 US6761959B1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 1999-07-08 | Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds |
PCT/US2000/010985 WO2001003945A1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2000-04-21 | Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2599246A Division CA2599246C (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2000-04-21 | Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2378502A1 true CA2378502A1 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
CA2378502C CA2378502C (en) | 2010-07-06 |
Family
ID=23379584
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA2378502A Expired - Lifetime CA2378502C (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2000-04-21 | Diffractive surfaces with color shifting backgrounds |
Country Status (11)
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US (6) | US6761959B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1198357B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4722353B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100739895B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1105032C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE312722T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU770682B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2378502C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60024827T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI280198B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001003945A1 (en) |
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-
1999
- 1999-07-08 US US09/351,102 patent/US6761959B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-04-21 AU AU48014/00A patent/AU770682B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-04-21 EP EP00930140A patent/EP1198357B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-04-21 DE DE60024827T patent/DE60024827T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-21 CN CN00810089A patent/CN1105032C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-21 JP JP2001509388A patent/JP4722353B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-21 AT AT00930140T patent/ATE312722T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-21 WO PCT/US2000/010985 patent/WO2001003945A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-21 CA CA2378502A patent/CA2378502C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-21 KR KR1020027000224A patent/KR100739895B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-05 TW TW089110983A patent/TWI280198B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-10-17 US US10/688,357 patent/US7005178B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-12 US US10/706,211 patent/US7029745B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-12 US US10/706,142 patent/US7754112B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-09-04 US US11/849,589 patent/US20070292636A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-09-26 US US11/861,393 patent/US20080018965A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
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CN1105032C (en) | 2003-04-09 |
US7754112B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
DE60024827D1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
US20080018965A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
AU770682B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
JP4722353B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
CA2378502C (en) | 2010-07-06 |
US20040081807A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
AU4801400A (en) | 2001-01-30 |
US6761959B1 (en) | 2004-07-13 |
US7005178B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
US7029745B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
CN1360544A (en) | 2002-07-24 |
US20040094850A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
US20070292636A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
KR20020026350A (en) | 2002-04-09 |
US20040105963A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
TWI280198B (en) | 2007-05-01 |
DE60024827T2 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
ATE312722T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
KR100739895B1 (en) | 2007-07-13 |
EP1198357A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
WO2001003945A1 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
EP1198357B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
JP2003504680A (en) | 2003-02-04 |
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