CA2389410A1 - Variance based adaptive block size dct image compression - Google Patents

Variance based adaptive block size dct image compression Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2389410A1
CA2389410A1 CA002389410A CA2389410A CA2389410A1 CA 2389410 A1 CA2389410 A1 CA 2389410A1 CA 002389410 A CA002389410 A CA 002389410A CA 2389410 A CA2389410 A CA 2389410A CA 2389410 A1 CA2389410 A1 CA 2389410A1
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Prior art keywords
block
threshold
data
pixel data
subdivided
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Granted
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CA002389410A
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French (fr)
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CA2389410C (en
Inventor
Kadayam Thyagarajan
Michael J. Merritt
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Incorporated
Kadayam Thyagarajan
Michael J. Merritt
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Publication of CA2389410A1 publication Critical patent/CA2389410A1/en
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Publication of CA2389410C publication Critical patent/CA2389410C/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/96—Tree coding, e.g. quad-tree coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
    • H04N19/122—Selection of transform size, e.g. 8x8 or 2x4x8 DCT; Selection of sub-band transforms of varying structure or type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding

Abstract

A system and method for image compression utilizing adaptively sized blocks and sub-blocks of discrete cosine transform coefficient data is presented. A block size assignment element in the encoder selects the block or sub-block of an input block of pixels to be processed. The selection is based on the variance of pixel values. Blocks with variances larger than a threshold are subdivided, while blocks with variances smaller than a threshold are not subdivided. A transform element transforms the pixel values of the selected blocks into the frequency domain. The frequency domain values may then be quantized, serialized, and variable length coded in preparation for transmission.

Claims (35)

1. A method for determining a block size assignment for an input block of image pixels to be used in compressing said input block, comprising the steps of:
reading a block of pixel data;
generating a block size assignment based on the variances of pixel values of said block of pixel data and subdivided blocks of said block of pixel data;
and providing a data structure containing information on said block size assignment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of generating further comprises the steps of:
determining a variance of pixel values for said block of pixel data;
comparing said variance with a threshold;
making a decision to subdivide said block based on a result of said step of comparing;
if said decision is to subdivide said block, then repeating the steps of determining, comparing, and making for each subdivided block until a predetermined criteria is satisfied; and designating as said block size assignment each block that is not further subdivided.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of making a decision calls for a block to be subdivided if said variance is greater than said threshold.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said threshold is predetermined.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein said threshold is a function of the mean of pixel values of the block being evaluated.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein said threshold changes for each level of subdivision.
7. The method of claim 2 wherein said predetermined criteria for no longer repeating the steps of determining, comparing, and making is based on a pre-selected minimum block size of pixel data.
8. An image compression system for compressing a block of pixel data, comprising:
block size assignment means for selecting said block or subdivided blocks of said block to be compressed based on the variances of pixel values of said block of pixel data and subdivided blocks of said block of pixel data;
transform means for transforming pixel data of said selected block or subdivided blocks into frequency domain data;
quantizer means for quantizing said frequency domain data;
serializer means for scanning said quantized data into a serialized stream of data; and variable length coding means for coding said serialized stream of data in preparation for transmission.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein said block size assignment means determines a variance of pixel values for said block of pixel data, compares said variance with a threshold, makes a decision to subdivide said block based on a result of said comparison, if said decision is to subdivide said block, then repeats the determination of variance, the comparison with a threshold, and the decision to subdivide for each subdivided block until a predetermined criteria is satisfied, and designates as said block size assignment each block that is not further subdivided.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said decision to subdivide calls for a block to be subdivided if said variance is greater than said threshold.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein said threshold is predetermined.
12. The system of claim 10 wherein said threshold is a function of the mean of pixel values of the block being evaluated.
13. The system of claim 9 wherein said threshold changes for each level of subdivision.
14. The system of claim 9 wherein said predetermined criteria for no longer subdividing is based on a pre-selected minimum block size of pixel data being achieved.
15. The system of claim 8 wherein said transform means performs a Discrete Cosine Transform.
16. The system of claim 8 wherein said transform means performs a Discrete Cosine Transform followed by a Differential Quad-tree Transform
17. The system of claim 8 wherein said serializer means comprises a zigzag scanner.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein said zigzag scanner employs an 8x8 block size for the zigzag scanning.
19. The system of claim 8 wherein said variable length coding means comprises a Huffman coder.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein said Huffman coder employs multiple look-up tables to code run-length and non-zero values.
21. The system of claim 20 wherein there are three look-up tables.
22. A method for compressing a block of pixel data of an image, comprising the steps of:
reading a block of pixel data;
generating a block size assignment based on the variances of pixel values of said block of pixel data and subdivided blocks of said block of pixel data;
providing a data structure containing information on said block size assignment;
transforming said the pixel data of selected blocks as indicated by said data structure into a frequency domain representation;
quantizing said frequency domain data;
scanning said quantized data into a serialized stream of data; and coding said serialized stream of data in preparation for transmission.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said step of generating further comprises the steps of:
determining a variance of pixel values for said block of pixel data;
comparing said variance with a threshold;
making a decision to subdivide said block based on a result of said step of comparing;
if said decision is to subdivide said block, then repeating the steps of determining, comparing, and making for each subdivided block until a predetermined criteria is satisfied; and designating as said block size assignment each block that is not further subdivided.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein said step of making a decision calls for a block to be subdivided if said variance is greater than said threshold.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein said threshold is predetermined.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein said threshold is a function of the mean of pixel values of the block being evaluated.
27. The method of claim 23 wherein said threshold changes for each level of subdivision.
28. The method of claim 23 wherein said predetermined criteria for no longer repeating the steps of determining, comparing, and making is based on a pre-selected minimum block size of pixel data.
29. The method of claim 22, wherein Discrete Cosine Transform is performed during said step of transforming.
30. The method of claim 22, wherein a Discrete Cosine Transform is performed followed by a Differential Quad-tree Transform during said step of transforming.
31. The method of claim 22, wherein zigzag scanning is performed during said step of scanning.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein said zigzag scanning is performed using an 8x8 block size.
33. The method of claim 22, wherein Huffman coding is performed during said step of coding.
34. The system of claim 33 wherein said Huffman coding employs multiple look-up tables to code run-length and non-zero values.
35. The system of claim 34 wherein there are three look-up tables.
CA2389410A 1999-11-08 2000-11-08 Variance based adaptive block size dct image compression Expired - Lifetime CA2389410C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/436,085 1999-11-08
US09/436,085 US6529634B1 (en) 1999-11-08 1999-11-08 Contrast sensitive variance based adaptive block size DCT image compression
PCT/US2000/030883 WO2001035673A1 (en) 1999-11-08 2000-11-08 Variance based adaptive block size dct image compression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2389410A1 true CA2389410A1 (en) 2001-05-17
CA2389410C CA2389410C (en) 2011-06-28

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CA2389410A Expired - Lifetime CA2389410C (en) 1999-11-08 2000-11-08 Variance based adaptive block size dct image compression

Country Status (18)

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US (1) US6529634B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1230804B1 (en)
JP (2) JP5289659B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100740818B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1186942C (en)
AR (1) AR033655A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE538598T1 (en)
AU (1) AU782176B2 (en)
BR (1) BR0015341B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2389410C (en)
ES (1) ES2376540T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1053565A1 (en)
IL (2) IL149455A0 (en)
MX (1) MXPA02004577A (en)
RU (1) RU2273112C2 (en)
TW (1) TW517500B (en)
WO (1) WO2001035673A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200203276B (en)

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EP1230804A1 (en) 2002-08-14
ATE538598T1 (en) 2012-01-15
RU2273112C2 (en) 2006-03-27
WO2001035673A1 (en) 2001-05-17
TW517500B (en) 2003-01-11
MXPA02004577A (en) 2002-11-29
CA2389410C (en) 2011-06-28
IL149455A0 (en) 2002-11-10
ZA200203276B (en) 2003-07-24
KR20030036129A (en) 2003-05-09
ES2376540T3 (en) 2012-03-14
KR100740818B1 (en) 2007-07-19
BR0015341B1 (en) 2015-01-06
JP2003523652A (en) 2003-08-05
JP5384696B2 (en) 2014-01-08
US6529634B1 (en) 2003-03-04
CN1186942C (en) 2005-01-26
EP1230804B1 (en) 2011-12-21
IL149455A (en) 2007-07-04
AU782176B2 (en) 2005-07-07
AU1481101A (en) 2001-06-06
JP5289659B2 (en) 2013-09-11

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