CA2393686A1 - Method and apparatus for distributed mtp level 2 architecture - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus and method for distributing the SS7 Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTPL2) between a Media Gateway (22) and a Signalling Gateway (24) in a Voice over IP Switch is disclosed. The distribution of the MTP Level 2 stack allows data links in a fully associated SS7 network to be terminated on the Media Gateway (22) and SS7 messages to be exchanged between the Media Gateway (22) and the Signalling Gateway (24) over an IP backbone.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTED

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to SS7 signalling and more particularly to a method and apparatus for distributing the Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 2 functionality between a Signalling Gateway and a Media Gateway.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The following acronyms will be used throughout this document:

AERM Alignment Error Rate Monitor ACK Acknowledge ACM Address Complete Message AM AERM Monitoring ANSI American National Standards Institute ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BERT Bit Error Rate Testing CC Congestion Control CCS Common Channel Signalling CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DAEDR Delimitation, Alignment, Error Detection Receive DAEDT Delimitation, Alignment, Error Detection Transmit DL2P Distributed L2 Protocol DPS Distributed Protocol Stack EM Emergency Monitoring FISU Fill-In Signal L~~nit, a signalling unit complying with MTPL2 HDLC High-Level Data Link Control IAC Initial Alignment Control IAM Initial Address Message IN Intelligent Network INH Inhibit ISUP ISDN User Part ITU International Telecommunication Union LSC Link State Control LNP Local Number Portability LSSU Link Status Signal Unit, a signalling unit complying with MTPL2 LL-MTPL2 Lower Level - Message Transfer Part Level 2, a portion of the Distributed MTP Level 2 Architecture Mb/s Megabit-per-second MG Media Gateway MSU Message Signal Unit, a signalling unit complying with MTPL2 MTP Message Transfer Part MTPL 1 MTP Level 1 MTPL2 MTP Level 2 MTPL3 MTP Level 3 OM Operational Measurement (OM-MG Operational Measurement located at the Media Gateway, OM-SG Operational Measurement located at the Signalling Gateway) VV~ ~l/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 . PCT/CA00/01111 OSI Open Standards Interconnect PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network RC Receive Control (RC-SG Receive Control located at Signalling Gateway, RC-MG Receive Control located at Media Gateway) REM Remote RTB Re-Transmission Buffer RTP Reliable Transport Protocol SCPs Service Control Points SG Signalling Gateway SIB Status Indicator Busy (used by LSSUs) SIE Status Indicator Emergency (used by LSSUs) SIF Signalling Information Field SIN Status Indicator Normal (used by LSSUs) SIO Status Indicator Out of Alignment (used by LSSUs) SIOS Status Indicator Out of Service (used by LSSUs) SIPO Status Indicator Processor Outage (used by LSSUs) SS7 Signalling System 7 SSPs Service Switching Points STPs Signalling Transfer Points SU Signalling Unit SUERM Signalling Unit Error Rate Monitor TB Transmission Buffer TDM Time Division Multiplexed TXC Transmit Control (TCX-SG Transmit Control located at Signalling Gateway; TCX-MG Transmit Control located at Media Gateway) UL-MTPL2 Upper Level - Message Transfer Part Level 2, a portion of the Distributed MTP Level 2 Architecture UDP User Datagram Protocol UNI Un-Inhibit VoIP Voice over IP
A Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is, conventionally, comprised of two networks - a voice/data network and a signalling network. The signalling network carries information for call set-up and tear down. The Common Channel Signalling System #7 (CC-SS7) protocol is used for call set-up and tear down.
As is known in the art, the PSTN provides users with a dedicated, end-to-end circuit connection for the duration of each call. The circuits are reserved between the originating call, tandem switches (if any), and the terminating switch based on the called party number.
In a typical Intelligent Network (IN), such as the North American SS7 network, to set-up a basic call circuit between a calling party at a first Service Switching Point (SSP), and a called party, having an out-of switch number (i.e., the called party is at a second SSP), SS7 messages are exchanged between the two SSPs using the SS7 network.
Recent developments, notably the popularity of the Internet, have increased the use of Voice over IP (VoIP) communication. Voice over IP switches need to interface to the existing PSTN networks (voice and signalling) to allow PSTN phones to use the VoIP
network. A VoIP switch would interface to the PSTN Voice network using a Media Gateway.

W~ 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/01111 The Media Gateway provides the translation between Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) data and IP packet data. This VoIP switch would interface to the PSTN
Signalling network using a Signalling Gateway. The Signalling Gateway provides the translation between SS7 and IP.
In a quasi-associated SS7 signalling network; the Signalling Gateway would connect to the local STP mated pair using A-links. In a fully associated SS7 Signalling network, the signalling gateway would connect directly with the SSPs using F-links. In the fully associated network signalling case, the SS7 signalling link is usually carned over the same facilities as the voice trunks. Since these voice trunks terminate on the media gateway, external circuitry (e.g. channel banks) are required to extract the signalling channel and route it to the signalling gateway. Moreover, since the media and signalling gateways are typically geographically quite dispersed, the equipment associated with transmitted the extracted signalling channel to the signalling gateway is expensive.
Accordingly, it is desired to provide a system which addresses some of these shortcomings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention distributes the MTP Level 2 functionality between the Signaling Gateway and the Media Gateway. It allows F-links in a fully associated SS7 signaling WO ~l/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/01111 network to be terminated on the Me~ia Gateway and the SS7 messages to be passed between the Media Gateway and the Signaling Gateway over IP.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method providing distributed Message Transfer Part (MTP) functionality over an Internet Protocol (IP) network, said method comprising: at a first media gateway: receiving conventional MTP
signalling units from a first network element; removing repeated MTP
signalling units from said MTP signalling units received; either before or after said removing, encapsulating received MTP signalling units into data packets to form a reduced signalling unit packet stream; transmitting said reduced signalling unit packet stream to a signalling gateway;
receiving at said signalling gateway said reduced packet stream at said signalling gateway;
transmitting packets encapsulating MTP signalling units to one of said first media gateway and a second media gateway, said transmitted packets being responsive to said received reduced signalling unit packet stream; receiving at said one of said first media gateway and said second media gateway said packets transmitted by said signalling gateway;
and at said one of said first media gateway and said second media gateway, re-creating conventional MTP signalling units based on said routed packets and transmitting said re-created conventional MTP signalling units to one of said first network element and a second network element.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) switch providing a distributed Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTPL2) protocol, said VoIP switch comprising: a plurality of media gateways, each of said media gateways in communication with a conventional SS7 physical link, said conventional SS7 7 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll physical link in communication with a network element; a signalling gateway;
an IP network providing IP communication between said plurality of media gateways and said signalling gateway.
According to a still further aspect of the invention there is provided a media gateway comprising: a receiver for receiving a contiguous stream of signalling units from a network element; a filter for discarding repeated signalling units in said received stream; an encapsulated data transmitter adapted to transmit data encapsulating said signalling units over a packet switched network; an encapsulated data receiver adapted to receive encapsulated data encapsulating signalling units from a packet switched network; a processor adapted to:
encapsulate signalling units forming said stream of signalling units either before or after said discarding by said filter; and de-encapsulate signalling units received by said encapsulated data receiver and generate signalling units to re-create a contiguous stream of signalling units; and a signalling unit transmitter transmitting a re-created contiguous stream of signalling units to a network element.
According to a still further aspect of the invention there is provided a signalling gateway comprising: an encapsulated data receiver for receiving encapsulated signalling units from a packet switched network; an encapsulated data transmitter adapted to transmit data encapsulating signalling units over a packet switched network; a processor adapted to:
de-encapsulate said received encapsulated signalling units and generate signalling units compliant with the Message Transfer Part Level 2 protocol; transmit said generated signalling units to a Message Transfer Part Level 3 processor; receive conventional signalling units W~ 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/01111 from said Message Transfer Part Level 3 processor; and encapsulate said received conventional signalling units for transmission by said encapsulated data transmitter.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be more clearly understood after reference to the following detailed specification read in conjunction with the drawings wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a conventional quasi-associated SS7 network in communication with a conventional a VoIP switch;
Figure 2 illustrates a fully associated SS7 network in communication with a conventional VoIP switch;
Figure 3 illustrates a fully associated network in communication with a VoIP
switch incorporating an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4 detailed schematic of an enlarged portion of Figure 3;
_g_ WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CAO~/Ollll Figure 5 is a schematic illustrating the distribution of a conventional MTP
stack between portions of Figure 4;
Figure 6A is a schematic of a protocol stack embodying one aspect of the invention;
Figure 6B is a detailed schematic of a first portion of Figure 6A;
Figure 6C is a detailed schematic of a second portion of Figure 6A;
Figure 7 is a detailed schematic of a portion of Figure 4;
Figure 8 is a first signal flow diagram of the operation of the SS7 network portion of Figure 4; and Figure 9 is a second signal flow diagram of the operation of the SS7 network portion of Figure 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referencing Figure l, a conventional quasi-associated signalling network 100 having dedicated facilities 124 (e.g. T1 or El) carrying signalling traffic between SG 102 of VoIP
120 and SS7 Signalling network 108 is illustrated. Separate facilities 122 are used to connect MG 106 with the PSTN voice network 110.

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll Referencing Figure 2, in a full ~ ass~~ciated signalling network 200 facilities 206 carry both the signalling channel and the voice trunks. Since the same facilities 206 carry both voice trunks and signalling channels an external MUX 204 is required to extract the signalling channel from the facility 206 and route it to the SG 102 of VoIP
switch 120 over dedicated signalling facilities 210. The voice trunks on facilities 206 are transmitted by MUX 204 to MG 106 of VoIP 120 over dedicated voice facilities 208.
Generally, Figure 3 shows a fully associated signalling network comprising SSPs 12 and voice/signalling links 14 in communication with VoIP switch 20 embodying one aspect of the invention. As illustrated, both the voice trunks and signalling channels earned on links 14A, 14B are terminated and MG 22. The signalling channel information is then routed via IP
from the MGs 22 to the SG 24. Advantageously external MUXes are no longer required to extract the signalling channel.
Links 14B may be any conventional physical links such as, for example, an E-1, DS-l, DS-3, or other similar links. Although a single link 14 is shown terminating at each Media Gateway (MG) 22, the present invention, an embodiment of which is illustrated in Figure 3, would likely have a plurality of links terminating at each MG 22 when actually deployed.
In communication with SSP 12A is calling party telecommunications device 11 (hereinafter calling party 11). Similarly, called party telecommunications device 13 (hereinafter called party .13) is in communication with SSP 12B. Calling party 11 and called - to WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/01111 party 13 may be, for example, a telephone handset, a computer, a wireless voice or data terminal, or the like.
VoIP switch 20 comprises media gateways (MGs) 22A, 22B (collectively MGs 22) in communication with SSPs 12A, 12B via links 14A, 14B, respectively, and each other. Also in communication with MGs 22 is Signalling Gateway (SG) 24 and Media Gateway Controller (MGC) 26 via communications links 28. Communications links 28 represent logical, transient routing paths over an IP network such, as for example, the Internet.
Moreover, it should be noted that VoIP switch 20, while represented as a single entity physically located at a single physical site, it may not always be so configured. In fact, MGs 22, SG 24 and MGC 26 are likely to be physically separate but inter-operate to provide similar MTP functionality over an IP network that is conventionally provided by an Intelligent Network (IN) such as, for example, an SS7 network.
Although VoIP switch 20 is illustrated with two MGs 22, a single SG 24 and a single MGC 26, it may be desirable to implement the present invention with a different number of the elements forming VoIP switch 20. For example, a plurality of MGs 22, a plurality of SGs 24 and a plurality of MGCs 26 may be in communication with each other over network 30, all forming VoIP switch 20.
Generally, and in summary, in operation of voice and data network 10, SSP 12A, through a conventional request made by a calling party 11, requires communication with SSP
12B so that communication between calling party 11 and called party 13 can be established.
Voice and SS7 signals, in the MTPL2 format corresponding to conventional SS7 signalling units, are transmitted by SSP 12A to MG 22A. The signalling data is extracted and by MG
22A and transmitted to SG 24 in IP packets over the network formed by connections 28. The IP packets received by SG 24 are further processed and transmitted to MGC 26 as IP packets over communications links 28. Responsive to the received IP packets, MGC 26 determines the MG 22 associated with the called party 13, which in this example is MG
22B. MGC 26 communicates with MG 22B and SSP 12B via SG 24 and a voice connection from calling party 11 to called party 13 is created via SSP 12A, link 14A, MGs 22A and 22B, link 14 and SSP 12B.
Referencing Figure 4, a more detailed and functional view of VoIP switch 20 is illustrated. Since there are no fixed connections between the elements of VoIP
switch 20 (i.e., network 30 provides connectionless communications between a pair of these elements), each element (i.e. each MG 22, SG 24 and MGC 26) can communicate directly with every other element of VoIP switch 20.
Further, and as described in greater detail below, MGs 22 and SG 24 interact to provide MTPL2 functionality that is distributed between these two components of VoIP
switch 20.
That is, when viewed from the perspective of a network element, such as, for example, an SSP 12, signalling units (SUs) complying with the conventional MTPL2 standard are transmitted to and received from VoIP switch 20 at the MGs 22.
Referencing Figure 5, conventional MTPL3 comprises MTPL3 network management functions 40 and MTPL3 message handling functions 42. Conventional MTPL2 comprises MTPL2 LSSU and MSU handling functions 44, MTPL2 FISU handling functions 46 and WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll MTPL2 framing 48. In contrast, the distributed MTPL2 protocol described herein maintains MTPL3 functions which are performed by MTPL3 functional block 36. However, the MTPL2 functions are distributed between LL-MTPL2 functional block 32 (which performs MTPL2 framing and MTPL2 FISU handling functions 48 and 46, respectively) and UL-MTPL2 block 34 which performs MTPL2 LSSU and MSU handling functions 44.
As indicated above, both MGs 22 and SG 24 provide a portion of the MTPL2 functionality. Specifically, MGs 22 incorporate Lower Level MTPL2 (LL-MTPL2) functional block 32 while SG 24 includes Upper Level MTPL2 (UL-MTPL2) functional block 34. As described above, MGs 22 and SG 24 communicate via communications links 28 over IP network 30. Network 30 is, for example, the Internet, an intranet, or other IP
network. SG 24 also includes MTPL3 functional block 36 which is in communication with UL-MTPL2 block 34 and is described in greater detail below.
In operation, and in overview, VoIP switch 20 will receive at MG 22A, for example, conventional MTPL2 compliant SUs over link 14A. As is known in the art in a conventional MTPL2 environment, a data link, such as link 14A transmits a continuous stream of MTPL2 compliant data in both directions. This continuous stream of data will include Message Signalling Units (MSUs), Link Status Signalling Units (LSSUs) and Fill-In Signalling Units (FISUs). Typically, the continuous data stream will include repetitive and identical LSSUs and FISUs. Moreover, packetizing (I.e., encapsulating the SUs into IP
compliant data packets), transmitting all of these IP data packets over an IP network, and de-encapsulating (I.e., stripping off the IP encapsulation) would require a prohibitive amount of overhead. The present invention, an embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, receives at a VoIP
switch and WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll transmits from the VoIP switch c mventional MTPL2 compliant SUs in conventional numbers (i.e., a continuous data stream corresponding to MSUs, LSSUs and FISUs are transmitted and received on links 14). However, internally VoIP switch 20 MGs 22 filters extraneous and duplicate FISUs and LSSUs. Accordingly, the number of packets that must be transmitted over IP network is significantly reduced. From the view of a conventional MTPL2 compliant network element such as SSPs 12, VoIP switch 20 appears as simply another MTPL2 network element.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C illustrate the data structures - which incorporate conventional Internet Protocol (IP) data structures - used to transmit data conforming to the distributed MTPL2 protocol embodying one aspect of this invention. The distributed MTPL2 protocol is used for communication between the SG 24 and MGs 22 (Figures 4 and 7) and, specifically, between the UL-MTPL2 34 and LL-MTPL2 32 components. Referencing Figure 6A, Distributed Protocol Stack (DPS) 300 is comprised of an IP layer 314, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer 312, Distributed L2 Protocol (DL2P) Header layer 308, MG
Control Information layer 306, MTPL2 protocol layer 304 and MTPL3 protocol layer 302.
Appended to DPS 300 is payload data 301 which represents the SS7 signal payload (e.g., ISUP). IP
layer 314 and UDP layer 312 are illustrated in greater detail in Figure 6B and described and discussed below. DL2P header 308, which is described below and illustrated in greater detail in Figure 6C, is positioned directly above the UDP header 312 of the DPS 300.
MG Control Information header layer 306 contains control information used to control the resources of the MGs 22 from SG 24. For example, SG 24 can request that BERT (Bit Error Rate Testing be performed on the SS7 links by sending a message containing the appropriate information in the MG Control Information header 306. Finally, MTPL2 304 conforms to the SS7 standards WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll (i.e. ANSI T1.111.3 or ITU-T Q.703, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein).
That is, the MTPL2 header 304 contains the data necessary to form the three standard signalling units under the conventional MTPL2 protocol, namely the Fill-In Signal Units (FISUs), Link Status Signal Units (LSSUs) and the Message Signal Units (MSUs).
Conventionally, data corresponding to FISUs is transmitted continuously on a signalling link in both directions between the two network elements unless other signalling units (i.e., LSSUs or MSUs) are present. FISUs carry basic level two information (e.g., acknowledgement of signalling unit receipt by a remote network element).
Because a CRC
checksum is calculated for each FISU, signalling link quality between the two network elements is checked continuously by both network elements at either end of the link. LSSUs carry one or two octets (8-bit bytes) of link status information between network elements at either end of a signalling link. The link status is used to control link alignment and to indicate the status of a network element (e.g., local processor outage) to another network element. MSUs carry all call control, database query, database response, network management and network maintenance data.
Continuing with the description of Figure 6A, MTPL2 header 304 is populated with conventional data known to those skilled in the art. This data is used, in part, used in sequencing of received SUs. Similarly, MTPL3 header 302 contains the header information for MTPL3 which is conventionally stored in each MSUs' Signalling Information Field (SIF).
Refernng to Figure 6B, the IP header 312 and UDP header 314 are illustrated in greater detail. Other fields found in a conventional IP header are not illustrated but may also be used. The Source IP Address 330 and Destination IP Address 332 are standard 32-bit addresses.
UDP header 312, which conforms to RFC 768, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein, comprises an eight bit Zero field 334; an eight bit Protocol field 336; an eight bit UDP length field 338, identifying the length of the UDP datagram; a sixteen bit Source Port field 340, identifying the port in the source host (associated with source IP
address 33) to which a reply may be sent; a sixteen bit Destination Port field 342, identifying the point of termination in destination host; a sixteen bit Length field, indicating the total length of the IP packet, and a sixteen bit Checksum field 346, for performing an error check on the IP header 312 and UDP header 312, and the remaining portions of DPS 300 and payload data 301. Accordingly, a checksum field in the remaining portions of DPS 300 may be unnecessary in some applications since Checksum 346 is calculated for the entire packet.
Generally, there will be a single UDP port on the SG 24 for each SS7 link 14 serviced by the SG 24. To correlate messages received on a specific UDP port, a mapping operation will be performed based on the source IP address 330 and the source port 340 stored within the IP header 314 and UDP header 312, respectively. Messages with an unknown source IP
address 330 or unknown source port 340 will be discarded by SG 24.
Accordingly, for each MG 22 serviced by SG 24, SG 24 provides service for each signalling link terminating on a serviced MG 22. To accomplish this a mapping or routing table is generated and stored at SG 24 which identifies the: IP address for each MG 22 serviced by the SG 24; and the UDP source ports associated with each link 14 terminating on WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll a serviced MG 22. A similar mapping or routing table will be generated and stored at each MG 22. The MG routing table will include the UDP port associated with each link 14 terminating at MG 22, the IP address of any SG 24 which services the MG 22 and the UDP
port associated with the IP address of the SG 24 associated with the MG 22.
Based on the foregoing, it should be apparent that whenever an IP message is transmitted on VoIP switch 20 (Figure 3) the UDP and IP headers 312 and 314, respectively, will be populated with the IP addresses and UDP ports retrieved from the routing table stored at the transmitting element (e.g., MG 22, SG 24, MGC 26).
Referring to Figure 6C, the thirty-two bit DL2P Header 308 four eight bit fields, namely the version field 356, the filler field 354, the type field 352 and the sub-type field The Version field 356 identifies the release version of the Distributed MTPL2 protocol that is being used. If a message identifies a version of the distributed MTPL2 architecture is unknown to the receiving node (such as the MGs 22 or the SG 24), the receiving node will respond with a signal indicating a supporting version of the distributed MTPL2 architecture.
This signal will inform the sender of the message using an unknown version of the Distributed MTPL2 protocol that a message with an unsupported version has been received.
Moreover, the signal message indicates to the receiver of this message (i.e., the sender of the message of unknown protocol version) the version of the protocol supported by the sender of the signal message.

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll Filler field 354 is set to zero arid is used to ensure that DL2P Header 308 is long word aligned (i.e., DL2P header 308 is a multiple of thirty-two bits).
While specific data structures, including number of fields, bit lengths for those fields, and general organization embodying one aspect of the invention are illustrated in Figures 6A, 6B and 6C, a person skilled in the art will appreciate that other data structures including a differing number of fields of various bit lengths, different bit lengths of the fields disclosed, and other organizations can be used to implement the invention disclosed herein.
With reference to the foregoing acronym definitions, the components of VoIP
switch 20 (Figure 3) will support the values in Type field 352 of DL2P Header 308 identified in Table 1.
Value Description OS BERT

Table 1 - Type Field 352 Entries for MGs 22, SG 24 and MGC 26 MGs 22 and SG 24 will populate sub-type field 350 of DL2P Header 308 with one of many possible values corresponding to a value in Type field 352. Table 2 lists the values that can be entered into Sub-type field 350 by the components of VoIP switch 20 and the message represented by those values.

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/01111 Type Sub-Type Message TXC-MG

OS INH-MSU

09 MSU (no acks) Ol START-RC
RC-MG

OS FISU

09 MSU (no acks) Ol START-AM
I AERM

OS EMERGENCY

07 ~ NORMAL

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/01111 Type Sub-Type Message SUERM

OS LINK-FAIL

BERT

OS STATUS-BERT

OM-MG

Table 2 - Sub-Type Field 350 Entries of VoIP Switch 20 WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll Additional information may be required for some DL2P messages. This information would be passed in the MG Control information field 306. Table 3 identifies the extra information that may be used in the DL2P messages.
Type Sub-Type Message Additional Entries TXC-MG 13 SEND-LSSU Octet indicating which LSSU to send:

00 - Status Indicator Out of Alignment (SIO) O1- Status Indicator Normal (SIN) 02- Status Indicator Emergency (SIE) 03- Status Indicator Out of Service (SIOS) 04- Status Indicator Processor Outage (SIPO) OS - Status Indicator Busy (SIB) 14 ACK-SEND- Also contains octet indicating which LSSU

LSSU

command is acknowledged.

BERT O1 START-BERT Octet indicating which BERT pattern to send:

00 - 511 bit pattern O1 - 2047 bit pattern 02 - Repeated pattern of 100 octets of FFh followed by 100 octets of OOh.

03 - Repeated patterns of 100 octets of 7Eh followed by 100 octets of OOh.

04 - Continuous 32h OS - Continuous 40h Only pattern 00 will be used.

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll 02 ACK-START- Returns octet specifying pattern actually being BERT

sent.

04 ACK-STOP- Returns status of BERT test, which includes:

BERT

Octet 1-4 Bits Sent 5-8 Bits in error OS STATUS-BERT Returns same information as ACK-STOP-BERT message.

OM-MG 03 OM-DATA Returns the OMs kept on the MG.

Octet 1-2 = Number of SU errors (SUERM).

Table 3 - Type Field 352 and Sub-Type Field 350 Entries for MGC 22 Figure 7 shows the split in MTP Level 2 functionality between the SG 24 and the MG
22. The UL-MTPL2 block 34 (Upper Layer of MTP Level 2) resides on SG 24, while the LL-MTPL2 block 32 (Lower Layer of MTP Level 2) resides on MG 22. Examples of the signal flows between LL-MTPL2 and UL-MTPL2 functional blocks 32 and 34 are illustrated in Figures 8 and 9. Signals transmitted between LL-MTPL2 functional block 32, which forms part of MG 22, and UL-MTPL2 functional block 34, forming part of SG 24, are transmitted across network 30, which is illustrated as a dotted line boundary between UL-MTPL2 block 34 and LL-MTPL2 block 32 in Figures 7, 8 and 9.
MG 22 comprises LL-MTPL2 functional block 32 which operates to perform: the reception of conventional data signals on data links 14; the transmission of data complying with the distributed MTPL2 architecture described herein to UL-MTPL2 functional block 34 of SG 24; the reception of data from SG 24; and the transmission of conventional data on W~ Ol/433g~ CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/01111 links 14. LL-MTPL2 functional block 32 comprises: Delimitation, Alignment, Error Detection Receive (DAEDR) block 402; Receive Control located at Media Gateway (RC-MG) block 406; Transmit Control located at Media Gateway (TXC-MG) block 408;
and Delimitation, Alignment, Error Detection Transmit (DAEDT) block 410. Also forming part of LL-MTPL2 functional block 32 are Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) block 404, Signalling Unit Error Rate Monitor (SUERM) block 412, Alignment Error Rate Monitor (AERM) block 414, and Operational Measurement at the MG (OM-MG) block 416.
SG 24 comprises UL-MTPL2 functional block 34 which operates to perform: the reception of MTPL3 data from MTPL3 36; the transmission of data complying to with the distributed MTPL2 architecture to LL-MTPL2 functional block 32 of MG 22; the reception of data from MG 22; and the transmission of MTPL3 data to MTPL3 36. UL-MTPL2 functional block 34 comprises: Reception Control at the SG (RC-SG) block 420 and Transmission Control at the SG (TCX-SG) block 426. TCX-SG block 426 comprises Transmission Buffer (TB) block 434 and Re-Transmission Buffer (RTB) block 436.
TCX-SG 426 transmits sequenced data packets and stores a copy in RTB 436. If one or more of the transmitted packets are not received, the missing packets are retrieved from RTB 436 an retransmitted. Otherwise, the copies of received packets are deleted from RTB
436. UL-MTPL2 functional block 34 further comprises Congestion Control (CC) block 422;
Operational Measurements at the SG (OM-SG) block 424; Link State Control (LSC) block 428; and Initial Alignment Control (IAC) block 430.
Generally and in overview, DAEDR block 402 receives conventional MTPL2 data from link 14. The data is processed (i.e., delimited and error detection is performed) and WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll transferred to RC-MG block 406 which filters the received data to remove repeated LSSUs and FISUs. The filtered data is then transmitted to RC-SG 420 of SG 24. RC-SG

performs management of the sequence numbers of the received data based on the information stored in MTPL2 header 304. The data received by SG 24 is processed and MSUs are transmitted to MTPL3 36 while FISUs and LSSUs are processed by the RC-SG block 420.
Transmitted MTPL3 data is transferred to TCX-SG block 426 where, as described above, sequence number management is performed. The TCX-SG block 426 transmits, over IP
network 30 (Figure 7), the MTPL3 data to the TXC-MG block 408 where repetitive tasks (e.g., generation of repetitive LSSUs and FISUs) are performed. Data received and generated by TXC-MG block 408 is transmitted to DAEDT block, processed (i.e., delimited, aligned -into conventional SS7 signals) and then transmitted by MG 22 over link 14 to an SS7 network element such as, for example, an SSP 12.
Also in overview, SUERM block 412, AERM block 414 and OM-MG block 416 also form part of MG 22. Generally, the SUERM and AERM blocks, 412 and 414, respectively, communicate with DAEDR block 402 and monitor the number of signalling unit (SU) errors detected by the DAEDR block 402. The OM-MG block 416 records operational measurements (OMs) of LL-MTPL2 functional block 32. These OMs are transmitted, when requested, to SG 24. The OMs are cleared from OM-MG 416 when uploaded to SG
24.
Also forming part of SG 24 are CC block 422, OM-SG block 424, LSC block 428 and IAC block 430. CC Block 422 operates to control congestion on SG 24 by monitoring the MTPL2 receive buffer. OM-SG block 424 records a number of operational measurements of UL-MTPL2 functional block 34. The OM-SG block 424 is also in communication with OM-WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll MG block 416 of MG 22, and may send a request to the OM-MG block 416 to transmit its OMs records to the OM-SG block 424. OM-SG block 424 will then store the OM
data uploading to OM-SG 424 in response to this request. LSC block 428 provides general management of the MTPL2 link 14. IAC block 430, which is in communication with AERM
block 414 of MG 22, performs initial alignment of links 14, monitors LSSUs received from link 14 and communicates with AERM block 414 of MG 22 to determine the quality of the link 14 during the proving period.
Each of the functional blocks that form UL-MTPL2 functional block 34 and LL-MTPL2 functional block 32, and their interactions, are described in detail below. It should be noted that many aspects of LL-MTPL2 32, UL-MTPL2 34 and MTPL3 36 operate in accordance with ANSI T1.111.4 or BellCore GR-246, the contents of both of which are hereby incorporated herein.
DAEDR functional block 402 receives a data stream from voice/signaling link 14 and extracts the signaling data therefrom. DAEDR 402 then, as is conventional, performs delimitation, alignment, error detection on the received signalling data forming conventional MTPL2 signalling units.
The RC-MG block 406, in co-operation with RC-SG block 420 of SG 24, provides signal reception control. RC-MG block 404 is tasked with performing repetitive functions in order to reduce IP traffic between MG 22 and SG 24. As is known in the art, FISUs are conventionally transmitted, in both directions, continuously over a signaling link, such as W~ Ul/433g7 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/01111 links 14, unless LSSUs or MSUs are present. This process would, if performed over an IP
network, such as network 30 (Figure 4), waste network resources. Accordingly, performs operations to reduce IP traffic between MG 22 and SG 24 while simultaneously providing the benefits of the MTP protocol.
RC-MG block 406 transitions from IDLE to IN-SERVICE upon receipt of a START-RC message from RC-SG block 420 of SG 24. Upon receipt of the START-RC message (Type: O1, Sub-Type: 02 are entered in fields 352 and 350, respectively, of DL2P Header 308 - Figure 6C), RC-MG 406 will transmit an acknowledgement signal (ACK-START-RC) to RC-SG block 406 of SG 24. As indicated previously, messages transmitted between LL-MTPL2 functional block 32 of MG 22 and UL-MTPL2 functional block 34 of SG 24 are transmitted over network 30. RC-MG block 406 transitions from IN-SERVICE to IDLE
upon receipt of a STOP-RC message from RC-SG block 420. A STOP-RC message received by RC-MG block 406 is acknowledged by the transmission of an ACK-STOP-RC
message from RC-MG 406 to RC-SG 420.
While in IN-SERVICE mode RC-MG 406 will, upon receipt of an FISU, LSSU or MSU from DAEDR block 402, transmit a corresponding FISU, LSSU or MSU message complying with the distributed standard described herein (i.e. sub-type field 350 - Figure 6C
having the value of O5, 07 or 09), to RC-SG block 420. RC-MG 406 will receive, in response to an FISU or LSSU message, an ACK-FISU or ACK-LSSU, respectively, from RC-SG block 420. To reduce IP traffic between RC-MG 406 and RC-SG 420, RC-MG

will filter out duplicate FISUs and LSSUs received from DAEDR 402. This filtering W~ 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 . PCT/CA00/Ollll involves transmitting only one FISU (or LSSU) in a continuous stream of FISUs (or LSSUs) in a pre-determined period (i.e. only one FISU - or LSSU - every TSan;cY
period). Further, RC-MG 406 will not receive an acknowledgement of MSUs transmitted to RC-SG 420 thereby further reducing traffic on IP network 30. A summary of the substantive message (i.e., non-ACK style messages) are summarised in Table 4 shown below.
Message MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination Start RC START-RC RC-SG - RC-SG 420 sends this signal when start issued by LSC 428.

Stop RC STOP-RC RC-SG - Stops RC-MG 406.

FISU FISU - RC-SG FISUs received from MTPL3 block 36 transmitted to RC-MG

406 by RC-SG 420 (these FISUs have been filtered by MG 22, but are repeated every Tsa"~ty - i.e., only one FISU in a stream of identical FISUs is transmitted every Tsa";cY seconds).

LSSU LSSU - RC-SG LSSUs received from MTPL3 block 36 transmitted to RC-MG

406 by RC-SG 420 (these have also filtered by MG 22 but are repeated every Tsanity).

MSU MSU - RC-SG MSUs received from MTPL3 block 36 transmitted to RC-MG

406 by RC-SG 420.

Table 4 - RC-MG Block 406 Message Table W~ 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll RC-MG block 406 transmits to and receives IP messages from RC-SG block 420 of SG 24. These IP messages transmitted between RC-SG 420 and RC-MG 406 are transmitted over network 30. RC-SG 420 sends IP packets to RC-MG 406 that initiate and cease operation of RC-MG 402. Accordingly, RC-MG 406 operates under partial control of RC-SG 420. In response to the control messages (sent by RC-SG 420) received by RC-MG 406, RC-MG 406 transmits IP packets incorporating an acknowledgement portion in the sub-type field 350 (Figure 6C). Other IP packets sent by RC-MG 420 to RC-SG 420 include FISU, LSSU and MSU messages. In response to the FISUs and LSSUs (only) transmitted by RC-MG 402, RC-SG 420 sends acknowledgement messages upon receipt of these messages.
As described briefly above LSC block 428 provides some of the control of SG 24 and MG 22. Generally, LSC 428 interfaces with MTPL3 block 36 and controls the distributed MTPL2 functions of MG 22 and SG 24. LSC 428 issues messages to RC-SG 420 to start and stop the receipt and transmission of IP packets between SG 24 and MG 22. As a result of the messages issued by LSC 428, RC-SG 420 transmits the start and stop messages to RC-MG
406 described above. Generally, LSC 428 has the following states: POWER OFF, OUT OF
SERVICE, INITIAL ALIGNMENT, ALIGNED/READY, ALIGNED/NOT READY, IN
SERVICE and PROCESSOR OUTAGE. These state conditions are transmitted to MTPL3 block 36 (Figure 4) in accordance with the MTPL3 protocol.
IAC block 430 also provides some of the operational control of SG 24. IAC 420 performs initial alignment between SG 24 and a link 14, when an alignment request is received from a link 14. In addition to providing alignment functions, IAC 430 interacts with AERM block 414 of MG 22 to verify the quality of data received by MG 22 over link 14 WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll during a proving or testing period. Generally, IAC 430 has four states: IDLE, NOT
ALIGNED, ALIGNED and PROVING. IAC 430 will transmit IP packets (via the transmission facilities provided by TXC-SG 426) to AERM block 414 to start and stop error monitoring and to indicate an emergency status. IAC 430 will receive from AERM

messages indicating that the signaling units received during the monitoring phase are acceptable (CORRECT SU) or that the link should be aborted (ABORT). Table 6 includes of a summary of the messages transmitted between IAC 430 and AERM 414.
TXC-SG 426, which includes transmission (TB) and re-transmission (RTB) buffers 434, 436, respectively, provides general transmission facilities to SG 24.
These two buffers operate to manage the forward and backward sequence numbers in a manner known by those skilled in the art.
Messages transmitted to an MG 22 from TXC-SG 426 of SG 24, via network 30 (Figure 4), are received by the TXC-MG block 408 of a receiving MG 22. TXC-MG
408 has two states IDLE and IN-SERVICE. The transition from IDLE to IN-SERVICE is initiated by the receipt of a START TXC message transmitted by TXC-SG 426 and received by TXC-MG 408. Upon receipt of a START TXC message, TXC-MG 408 will request DEADT
block 410 to commence operation. The reverse transition, from IN-SERVICE to IDLE, results from the transmission of a STOP TXC message transmitted from TXC-SG
426 to TXC-MG 408. Generally, TXC-MG 408 and TXC-SG 426 interact to minimize the number of messages that are transmitted over network 30. The quantity of SS7 messages (in IP
packets) that need to be transmitted over network 30 are lower than the quantity of conventional SS7 signals that are ultimately transmitted over link 14 by MG
24. For example, WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll TXC-MG 408 will only receive a single message (FISU - see Table 5), transmitted over network 30, that indicates that FISUs are to be generated and transmitted to a desired network element, such as, for example, SS7 12A. Upon receipt of this message, MG 22 will commence generation and transmission of a stream of identical of FISUs to SSP
12A until indicated otherwise.
TXC-SG 426 also transmits to TXC-MG 408 an INH-MSU message which informs TXC-MG 408 to only send FISUs (that is inhibit the transmission of LSSUs and MSUs). A
UNI-MSU (Uninhibit MSU) message received by TXC-MG 408 indicates that MSU and LSSU transmission can re-commence. An MSU message received by TXC-MG 408 indicates that an MSU is being transmitted to TXC-MG 408 and is stored in payload 301 (Figure 6A). A FISU message transmitted to TXC-MG 408 indicates that FISUs are to generated and transmitted from TXC-MG 408 and, eventually, to link 14 (after operations are performed by DAEDT 410) until a message indicating otherwise is transmitted from TXC-SG 426 and received by TXC-MG 408. The FISU message is generally used to check for quality of the transmission media between the two signaling points (in this case, MG 22 and SG 24. An LSSU message received from TXC-SG 426 will indicate that an LSSU
message is to be generated with the status field of the standard LSSU set to one o~
SIB (which indicates that SG 24 is busy); SIOS (out of service indicator); SIPO
(processor outage); SIO
(out of alignment indicator); SIE (emergency indicator); and SIN (system normal indicator).
A summary of the messages, the source or destination of the message, (i.e., an entry in the Signal Source column indicates that the block entered in the cell is the transmitter of the associated signal message to TXC-MG Block 408 while an entry in the Signal Destination column indicates that TXC-MG block 408 is transmitting the associated signal message to the WD ~l/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CAO~/Ollll block entered in the Signal Destination cell) and an associated comment for each message is found in Table 5.
Messages MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination Start TXC START- TXC-SG - TXC-SG sends this signal when TXC

start issued by LSC. TXC-MG

will inform DAEDT to also start.

Stop TXC STOP-TXC TXC-SG - Stop TXC-MG.

Inhibit INH-MSU TXC-SG - Indicates that the TXC-MG
MSU

Transmission should send FISU and cancel LSSU and MSU transmission.

Uninhibit UNI-MSU TXC-SG - Indicates that MSU transmission MSU

should be resumed.
Indication MSU MSU TXC-SG - MSU transmitted FISU FISU TXC-SG - FISU transmitted. This is really used as a heartbeat between the SG and MG.

Send LSSU SEND-LSSU TXC-SG - Indication to send one of the following LSSU on link:

(SIB - Busy) (SIOS - Out-of service) (SIPO - Processor Outage) (SIO - Out of alignment) (SIE - Emergency) (SIN - Normal) Table 5 - TXC-MG Block 408 Message Table DAEDT (Delimitation, Alignment, Error Detection Transmit) block 410 provides functionality necessary for the transmission of conventional MTPL2 compliant messages from an MG 22 to an SSP 12 over link 14. Similar to many of the other blocks, WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/01111 has two states: IDLE and IN-SERVICE. When in the IDLE state, DAEDT 410 generates and transmits 7Eh flags onto link 14. When IN-SERVICE, that is when a signal is transmitted to DAEDT 410 from TXC-MG 408, DAEDT 410 will, after generating check-bits, inserting zeros, and generating and inserting flags between signalling units, transmit an SS7 signalling unit complying with conventional MTPL2 which has been generated from the FISU, LSSU or MSU received from TXC-MG 408, to a network element, such as an SSP 12.
CC (Congestion Control) block 422, as is known by those skilled in the art, monitors the number of signaling units waiting to be processed by MTPL3 36.
AERM (Alignment Error Rate Monitor) block 414 of MG 22 generally provides error monitoring tasks (using, for example, a "leaky bucket" algorithm), in co-operation with DAEDR 402, under control of IAC block 430 of SG 24. A signal flow diagram for GERM
block 414 is illustrated in Figure 8. AERM 414 has two states: IDLE and MONITORING.
In the IDLE state AERM 414 lies dormant and provides no functions. In the MONITORING
state, AERM 414 monitors the number of signaling unit errors detected by DAEDR
402. If too many errors (determined based on a stored parameter which may be changed by an operator of VoIP switch 20 - Figure 3) are detected, an ABORT message is relayed to IAC
430.
The transition of AERM 414 from IDLE to MONITORING is instigated by a START-AM message received from IAC 430. The reverse transition, from MONITORING
to IDLE, results from a STOP-AM message received by AERM 414 from IAC 430. IAC

WO -01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll may also transmit an EMERGENCY message to AERM 430, indicating that the alignment between a link 14 and SG 24 is in an emergency mode. If IAC 430 sends an EMERGENCY
message, IAC 430 will set also an internal counter (T;) equal to an emergency counter (T;e) which defines the parameters in the emergency testing or proving period. If the number of errors in signaling units received by MG 22 and detected by AERM 430 exceed the value of counter T; (which has been previously set equal to T;e) during the emergency proving or testing period (the emergency proving period being defined by the timer Pe -described in greater detail below), AERM 430 will issue an ABORT message to IAC 430. AERM

may also receive from LSC 428 a NORMAL message indicating that SG 24 is operating in normal alignment mode. In response to the reception of a NORMAL message, AERM

will set the T; parameter to T;". If AERM 414 identifies, during the NORMAL
proving or testing period (defined by the time P~ also described in greater detail below), a quantity of signaling unit errors greater than the T; parameter, AERM 414 will issue the ABORT
message to IAC 430. The values for T; in an EMERGENCY proving period may be, for example, set to single error detected over a short period, such as, for example, 0.7 s. For NORMAL operation, the number of detected errors allowed before triggering an ABORT
message may be much greater, such as for example, for signaling unit errors, over a longer period, such as, for example, 2.4 s. A summary of the messages, the signal source or signal destination of the message (i.e., an entry in the Signal Source column indicates that the entered block transmits the associated signal message to AERM block 414 while an entry in the Signal Destination column indicates that AERM block 414 transmits the associated signal message to the entered block) and information about the purpose of the message is found in Table 6.

W~ 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll Message MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Sor:rce Destination Start AM START-AM I~,C - IAC starts the error monitor (Alignment when entering into alignment.
Monitor) Stop AM STOP-AM IAC - IAC stops the error monitoring.

(Alignment Monitor) Emergency EMERGENCY IAC - Indicates Emergency alignment mode. Set T; to T;e which is equal to one signal unit in error in the proving period.

Normal NORMAL LSC - Indicates Normal alignment mode. Set T; to T;~ which is equal to four signal units in error in the proving period.

Abort ABORT - IAC Abort proving if sent when Proving number of errors = T;.

Correct CORRECT-SU - IAC In the data links 14, SU this signal is generated by DAEDR, however AERM should really be sending it and should only send one when it has been started since IAC is only waiting for one.

Table 6 - AERM Block 414 Message Table SUERM (Signalling Unit Error Rate Monitor) block 412 also has two modes of operation: IDLE, wherein no functions are performed; and IN-SERVICE, wherein SUERM
block 412 monitors the number of errors detected by DAEDR block 402. A signal flow diagram for SUERM block 412 is illustrated in Figure 5. SUERM 412 transitions from IDLE
to IN-SERVICE on receipt of a START-EM message from LSC 428. The reverse transition, from IN-SERVICE to IDLE, results from the receipt of a STOP-EM message also transmitted WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll by LSC 428. If SUERM 412 detects too many errors on link 14 (an error having been determined by DAEDR 402), SUERM transmits a LINK-FAIL message to LSC 428 indicating this condition. Moreover, the connection between MG 22 and link 14 is also brought down. A summary of the messages, the signal source or signal destination of the message (i.e., an entry in the Signal Source column indicates that the entered block transmits the associated signal message to SUERM block 412 while an entry in the Signal Destination column indicates that SUERM block 412 transmits the associated signal message to the entered block) and an explanatory comment for each message is found in Table 7.
Signal MSGID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination Start EM START-EM LSC - Start Error monitoring by (Error Monitor) SUERM.

Stop EM STOP-EM LSC - Stop Error monitoring by (Error Monitor) SUERM.

Link LINK-FAIL - LSC Generated by SUERM when too Failure many errors are detected on the signaling link.

Table 7 - SUERM Block 412 Message Table BERT (Bit Error Rate Testing) block 404 generally performs the procedures for testing and maintaining SS7 links as described in T1.111.17. Similar to other blocks, BERT
404 has two states: IDLE, where no functions performed; and IN-SERVICE. A
transition from IDLE to IN-SERVICE results from the reception of a START-BERT message received by BERT 404 from LSC 428. A reverse transition, from IN-SERVICE to IDLE, results from the reception by BERT 404 of a STOP-BERT transmitted by LSC 428. Upon receipt of a STOP-BERT message, BERT 404 will return a ACK-STOP-BERT, which will include the WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll results of error testing. Error testing of messages sent between SG 24 and MG
22, or between MG 22 and an SSP 12 (Figure 3), may be performed by establishing a loopback system. A "local" loopback will be established between SG 24 and MG 22 upon receipt of a LOCAL-LOOP message at BERT 404 which has been issued by LSC 428. The signalling units used in the local loopback will be issued by SG 24, received by MG 22 and returned.
"Remote" loopbacks, conducted between MG 22 and link 14, can also be established by the reception of a REM-LOOP message issued by LSC 428. LSC 428 will periodically request, by the issuance of a STATUS-BERT message, the status of the BERT testing.
Generally, during testing, MG 22, through operation of BERT 404, will transmit BERT
testing results to SG 24 on a periodic basis, such as, every 5 seconds. A summary of the messages, the signal source or signal destination of the message (i.e., an entry in the Signal Source column indicates that the entered block transmits the associated signal message to BERT block 404 while an entry in the Signal Destination column indicates that BERT block 404 transmits the associated signal message to the entered block) and comments about the message is found in Table 8.
Signal MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination Start START-BERT LSC -BERT

Stop STOP-BERT LSC - The acknowledge for this BERT

message will also return the result of the test.

Status STATUS- - L,SC Periodically output the status of BERT BERT

the BERT test. The MG
may return the test status to the SG

every 5 seconds while the test is WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CAO~/Ollll Signal MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination running.

Local LOCAL- LSC - Establish local loopback between LoopbackLOOP

SG 24 and MG 24 (SG 24 sends the SUs) Remote REM-LOOP LSC IN Start Remote Loopback which Loopback loops data at conventional MTPL2 between MG 22 and link 14.

Table 8 - BERT Block 404 Message Table OM-MG block 416 (of MG 22) and OM-SG 424 (of SG 24) provide general operational management support for VoIP switch 20 (Figure 4). OM-MG 416 records OMs about the signals received by MG 22 and uploads these messages, when requested by OM-SG
424 via a OM-START message, to SG 24. Once the OM signal units are uploaded to SG 24, via an OM-DATA message generated by OM-MG 416, the OM signal units are cleared. A
summary of the messages, the signal source or signal destination of the message (i.e., an entry in the Signal Source column indicates that the entered block transmits the associated signal message to OM-MG block 416 while an entry in the Signal Destination column indicates that OM-MG block 416 transmits the associated signal message to the entered block) and general comments regarding the messages is found in Table 9.
Signal MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination OM OM-START OM-SG - Start upload of OM data from Upload OM-MG that is to be transmitted Start to OM-SG

W~ 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 Signal MSG ID Signal Signal Comments Source Destination OM Data OM-DATA - OM-SG Will return all OMs kept on the MG.

Table 9 - OM-MG Block 416 Message Table As mentioned previously, a number of timers are used during the operation of VoIP
switch 20 (Figure 3). These timers are mostly resident on SG 24 with a few timers also existing on MG 22. A list of the timers and their purpose is include in Table 10.
Timer Duration Purpose Name (Exemplary Only) T, 13.1 sec. Started when LSC 428 enters the Aligned/Ready state waiting for a valid FISU/MSU from SSP 12.

T2 11.6 sec. Started when IAC 430 enters the Not Aligned state and it is waiting for SIO, SIN or SIE from SSP 12.

T3 11.6 sec. Started when IAC 430 enters the Aligned state waiting for SIE

or SIN.

P" 2.4 sec. Started when IAC 430 enters proving period for normal alignment.

Pe 0.7 sec. Started when IAC 430 enters proving period for emergency alignment.

TS 0.2 sec. Started when CC 422 enters the Level 2 Congestion state and specifies the interval SIBS are sent while in congestion.

T6 3.1 sec. Started when SIB are received by TXC-SG. Link is taken down if remote congestion last too long.

T~ 0.6 sec. Used by TXC-SG to time acknowledgements from far-end. If no ACK is received in a period of T~, link is taken down (excessive delay of acknowledgement).

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-06-06 PCT/CA00/Ollll Timer Duration Purpose Name (Exemplary Only) TsuERn-I1.0 sec. This timer is not used presently.

TRTV 0.2 sec. Implementation dependent timer started when messages are still awaiting confirmation from driver.

TACK 1.0 sec. Timer started indicating how long to wait for an ACK (used by both the SG 24 and MG 22). If an ACK is not received in TACK

the message is retransmitted. Two timeouts in a row will cause the SG 24 or MG 22 to take the link down.

TsANITY1 sec. Timer used at RC-MG 406 to periodically send the LSSU or FISU received by RC-SG 420 when no new messages are being received from the link. This timer is also used at RC-SG 420 to monitor that RC-MG 406 is periodically sending SUs. Failure to receive SUs from the MG 22 during two TgANITY
periods will cause the SG 24 to take down the link. This timer is also used at TXC-SG 426 to periodically send the proper LSSU or FISU to the TXC-MG 408 when no new SUs need to be transmitted.

This timer is also used by TXC-MG 408 to verify that it is receiving SUs from TXC-SG 426. Failure to receive an SU from the SG during two consecutive TSANITY periods will cause MG

22 to take down the link. This implies that when the link is idle, the SG 24 and MG 22 will still exchange a message every TSANITY SeCOndS.

fable 10 - Timers on SG 24 In an alternative embodiment communications links 28 (Figure 3) and network 30 (Figure 4) over which communication between MGs 22, SG 24 and MGC 26 takes place could, instead of an IP network, be another type of routed or switched packet network.

WO 01/43387 CA 02393686 2002-os-06 PCT/CA00/01111 While the MGs 22 and SG 24 of exemplary embodiment disclosed separate the functions of UL-MTPL2 block 34 and LL-MTPL2 block 32 as existing on separately on SG
24 and MG 22, respectively, an alternative embodiment falling within the scope of the present invention combines the functions of UL-MTPL2 block 34 and LL-MTPL2 32 on a single component of VoIP switch 20, such as MGs 22. Accordingly, the same functionality, including a fully associated network, of the exemplary embodiment would be maintained but without requiring any SGs 24.
While one (or more) embodiments) of this invention has been illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described above, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the essence of this invention. All such modifications or variations are believed to be within the sphere and scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims (19)

WE CLAIM:

1. A method providing distributed Message Transfer Part (MTP) functionality over an Internet Protocol (IP) network, said method comprising:
at a first media gateway:
receiving conventional MTP signalling units from a first network element;
removing repeated MTP signalling units from said MTP signalling units received;
either before or after said removing, encapsulating received MTP
signalling units into data packets to form a reduced signalling unit packet stream;
transmitting said reduced signalling unit packet stream to a signalling gateway;
receiving at said signalling gateway said reduced packet stream at said signalling gateway;

transmitting packets encapsulating MTP signalling units to one of said first media gateway and a second media gateway, said transmitted packets being responsive to said received reduced signalling unit packet stream;
receiving at said one of said first media gateway and said second media gateway said packets transmitted by said signalling gateway; and at said one of said first media gateway and said second media gateway, re-creating conventional MTP signalling units based on said routed packets and transmitting said re-created conventional MTP signalling units to one of said first network element and a second network element.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said packets comprises:
a packet header;
a Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTPL2) header;
a distributed level two protocol header; and a payload, said payload corresponding to conventional MTPL2 signalling units.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein each of said packets is an Internet Protocol (IP) and said packet header comprises:
an IP header; and a UDP header.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said each of said IP packets further comprises:
a length indicator indicating the length of the entire IP packet; and a checksum field generated based on the uncorrupted values stored in the IP
packet.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein said IP header comprises a source IP address and a destination IP address and said UDP header comprises a UDP header length indicator, a source port field, a destination port field and a length indicator indicating the length of said each of said IP packets.

6. A Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) switch providing a distributed Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTPL2) protocol, said VoIP switch comprising:
a plurality of media gateways, each of said media gateways in communication with a conventional SS7 physical link, said conventional SS7 physical link in communication with a network element;
a signalling gateway;
an IP network providing IP communication between said plurality of media gateways and said signalling gateway.

7. The VoIP switch of claim 6 wherein each of said media gateways comprise:
an SS7 receiver receiving conventional SS7 signalling units and interfacing with said conventional physical link;

an SS7 transmitter for transmitting conventional SS7 signalling units from said media gateway to a network element over said conventional physical link;
an IP transmitter for forming and transmitting IP packets corresponding to conventional SS7 signalling units complying with Message Transfer Part Level Two (MTPL2) protocol, said IP packets being transmitted over said IP network to said signalling gateway;
an IP receiver for receiving IP packets corresponding to conventional SS7 signalling units complying with said MTPL2 protocol, said IP packets being received from said IP network from said signalling gateway;
and said signalling gateway comprises:
an IP transmitter for routing IP packets corresponding to conventional SS7 signalling units complying with Message Transfer Part Level Two (MTPL2) protocol, said IP packets being transmitted over said IP network to one of said media gateways;
an IP receiver for receiving IP packets corresponding to conventional SS7 signalling units complying with said MTPL2 protocol, said IP packets being received from said IP network from one of said media gateways; and a controller controlling the functions of said signalling gateway and said media gateways.

8. The VoIP switch of claim 7 wherein each of said media gateways further comprises a processor, said processor adapted to:
generate IP packets encapsulating signalling units received by said SS7 receiver; and generate conventional SS7 signalling units responsive to IP packets received by said IP receiver.

9. The VoIP switch of claim 8 wherein said IP packets generated by said processor comprise:
an IP header;
a UDP header;
a distributed level two protocol header;
a Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTPL2) header; and a payload, said payload corresponding to a conventional SS7 signalling unit.

10. The VoIP switch of claim 9 wherein said stream has a length such that for a stream of identical FISUs or LSSUs greater than said length one signalling unit is sent in an IP
packet periodically.

11. The VoIP switch of claim 9 wherein said processor is further adapted to, for a data stream formed of a plurality of identical Fill--In Signalling Units (FISUs) or for a data stream formed from a plurality of identical Link Status Signal Units (LSSUs) received from said SS7 receiver, encapsulate only one signalling unit in an IP packet representative of said contiguous stream for transmission between said media gateway and said signalling gateway.

12. The VoIP switch of claim 11 wherein processor is further adapted to, for an IP packet representative of a contiguous stream of FISUs or LSSUs received by said IP
receiver, generate a plurality of identical conventional SS7 signalling units representative of said FISUs or LSSUs received from said SS7 receiver in response to an instruction received from said signalling gateway, said plurality of conventional signalling units transmitted by said SS7 transmitter of said media gateway.

13. A method for transmitting signaling units amongst network elements, comprising:
for each of a plurality of gateways, receiving a stream of signaling units from an associated network element;
discarding contiguous repeated signaling units in said received stream;
either before or after said discarding, encapsulating signaling units in packets having a packet header;

transmitting each of said packets to another gateway based on said packet header;
receiving packets originating from a gateway;
based on said received packets, forming a re-created stream of signaling units comprising contiguous repeated signaling units; and transmitting said re-created stream of signaling units to said associated network element.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said receiving of said stream of signalling units is performed by a media gateway.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein forming of a re-created stream of signalling units and transmitting said re-created stream of signalling units is performed by a media gateway.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said another gateway is a signalling gateway.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said receiving packets originating from a gateway comprises receiving packets from said signalling gateway.

18. A media gateway comprising:

a receiver for receiving a contiguous stream of signalling units from a network element;
a filter for discarding repeated signalling units in said received stream;
an encapsulated data transmitter adapted to transmit data encapsulating said signalling units over a packet switched network;
an encapsulated data receiver adapted to receive encapsulated data encapsulating signalling units from a packet switched network;
a processor adapted to:
encapsulate signalling units forming said stream of signalling units either before or after said discarding by said filter; and de-encapsulate signalling units received by said encapsulated data receiver and generate signalling units to re-create a contiguous stream of signalling units; and a signalling unit transmitter transmitting a re-created contiguous stream of signalling units to a network element.

19. A signalling gateway comprising:

an encapsulated data receiver for receiving encapsulated signalling units from a packet switched network;
an encapsulated data transmitter adapted to transmit data encapsulating signalling units over a packet switched network;
a processor adapted to:
de-encapsulate said received encapsulated signalling units and generate signalling units compliant with the Message Transfer Part Level 2 protocol;
transmit said generated signalling units to a Message Transfer Part Level 3 processor;
receive conventional signalling units from said Message Transfer Part Level 3 processor; and encapsulate said received conventional signalling units for transmission by said encapsulated data transmitter.