CA2402173C - Intelligent electric actuator for control of a turbocharger with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation valve - Google Patents

Intelligent electric actuator for control of a turbocharger with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation valve Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2402173C
CA2402173C CA002402173A CA2402173A CA2402173C CA 2402173 C CA2402173 C CA 2402173C CA 002402173 A CA002402173 A CA 002402173A CA 2402173 A CA2402173 A CA 2402173A CA 2402173 C CA2402173 C CA 2402173C
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
turbocharger
egr
controller
engine
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CA002402173A
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French (fr)
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CA2402173A1 (en
Inventor
Wayne Waszkiewicz
Christopher C. Greentree
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CA2402173A1 publication Critical patent/CA2402173A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2402173C publication Critical patent/CA2402173C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0077Control of the EGR valve or actuator, e.g. duty cycle, closed loop control of position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/24Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F02D41/266Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor the computer being backed-up or assisted by another circuit, e.g. analogue
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/45Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems
    • F02M26/46Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition
    • F02M26/47Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition the characteristics being temperatures, pressures or flow rates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/09Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
    • F02M26/10Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

Abstract

An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for an engine with a variable geometry turbocharge (18) incorporates a master rotary electric actuator (REA)(50) with a microprocessor controller (53) receiving condition signals (46, 48a-e) from sensors (48) associated with the turbocharger and the engine control unit (ECU)(54) and positioning the turbine inlet nozzle (44) geometry of the turbocharger in response to a predetermined matrix of the condition signals. A slave REA (52) is connected through an internal processing unit (58) to the controller to position an EGR valve (34). The processing unit provides an actual position signal to the controller which responds with a desired position signal based on the predetermined condition signal matrix. The processing unit engages the slave REA to position the EGR valve.

Description

INTELLIGENT ELECTRIC ACTUATOR FOR CONTROL OF A
TURBOCHARGER WITH AN INTEGRATED EXHAUST GAS
RECIRCULATION VALVE

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ftield of the Invention The present invention relates generally to control of turbochargers used in engines with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) systems, and more particularly, to an intelligent electric actuator with diagnostics and memory capabilities using turbocharger rotational speed, air and EGR gas temperatures, and air and EGR gas pressures, for control of a variable geometry turbocharger with integrated EGR valve.

DescriDtion of the Prior Art Conunercial diesel vehicles typically employ turbochargers for increased efficiency of the engine. Further, the regulatory requirements for decreases in federal NOx emissions levels for year 2002, and beyond, diesel engines have made engine air systems control a more complex and important part of overall engine perfonmance. Control of the turbocharger and EGR
systems of the engine comprise the primary means for such air systems management.
A turbocharger's useful life is, among other things, largely a function of the speed/duty cycle to which it is subjected, specifically with respect to the fatigue life of the turbine wheel and compressor wheel (or perhaps an internal component of the turbocharger). It is very difficult to know exactly what particular speed/duty cycle the turbocharger is subjected to for any given application. This therefore makes it very difficult to predict what the useful life of the turbocharger will be with respect to fatigue related failures. Therefore, fatigue failures of turbocharger wheels can and do occur without notice. Proactively replacing the turbocharger at a "safe" accumulated time is not cost effective and results in excessive downtime of the engine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is applicable to a controlled turbocharger such as, but not limited to, a wastegated turbocharger or a variable geometiy inlet nozzle turbocharger (VGT) with an actuator to operate the wastegate or VGT
vane set. By inputting the turbocharger's shaft speed, air gas temperatures, air gas pressures, EGR gas temperatures, and EGR gas pressures into the intelligent electric actuator, this data can then be used as to better control the actuation of the wastegate or VNT nozzle set.

The software employed by the controller is designed such that various min/max speeds, temperature and pressure thresholds are pre-set with the subsequent excursions of speed, temperature and pressure recorded as these thresholds are achieved and/or exceeded.

An array of thresholds is pre-determined for the particular application.
This data is stored in the actuator's memoiy for future use. By defining the fatigue life of the compressor wheel or turbine wheel for a given wheel design, size, material, etc., and having the specific fatigue life information programmed into the REA, several advantages exist.

From the inputs of speed, temperature and pressure, the electric actuator is better used to more precisely control the turbocharger's wastegate or VGT nozzle set. This information is also used to control EGR percentage directly and therefore control engine out emission level more precisely.

Once a predetermined number of speed, temperature and/or pressure thresholds have been achieved, the electric actuator can, in various embodiments, control (reduce) the speed of the turbocharger by predicting wllen a wheel fatigue failure is imminent.

Once a predetermined number of speed, temperature and/or pressure thresholds have been achieved, the electric actuator can, in various embodiments, trip a switch to notify the operator to "replace the turbocharger"
by predicting that a fatigue failure is imminent.

The electric actuator can store into memory operational field data for future use in maintenance profiling of specific turbocharger operating conditions of various applications (on-highway truck, inner-city truck, pleasure craft, tug boat, front-end loader, bulldozer, mine truck, excavator, gen-set, etc.).

The speed/duty cycle data stored in the electric actuator can be down loaded and used in the warranty adjudication process or as a diagnostic tool for failure evaluation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following Detailed Description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an internal combustion engine having a variable geometry turbocharger with an integrated EGR valve actuated according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control structure for the turbocharger and actuators incorporating the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary pictorial view of an engine with a turbocharger employing actuators incorporating the present invention in conjunction with an EGR system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, an internal combustion engine having a turbocharger and an EGR system is schematically illustrated. Engine 10 includes an intake manifold 12 and an exhaust manifold 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the engine includes a turbocharger 16, generally comprising a turbine contained in a housing 18 and a compressor contained in a housing 20, for compressing the intake air of engine 10. The intake air is heated during the turbocharger compression process and must be cooled to satisfy engine durability and perfomiance requirements. That cooling is accomplished by routing the air discharged from the turbocharger 16 to a charger air cooler (CAC) 22 via conventional conduits or ducting 24. The intalce air is then routed from the CAC to the intake manifold of the engine via conventional conduits or ducting 30.
Engine 10 also includes an EGR system. The EGR system includes a control valve 34, integrated into the turbocharger in accordance with the present invention, that regulates the proportion of exhaust gas that is taken from the exhaust manifold and either returned to the engine induction system for mixing with the intalce air that has passed through the CAC, or directed to the turbine of the turbocharger. The control valve 34 routes a portion of the exhaust gas received into the turbine housing from the exhaust manifold through the EGR system.
The EGR system also includes an engine mounted EGR cooler 3 8 or heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas passing through the system. By providing a heat exchanger in the EGR conduit or ducting 40, the efficiency of engine 10 is improved. Other advantages, such as a reduction in NOx and PM
emissions and in fuel consumption also result from the presence of the heat exchanger 38. The exhaust gas passing through the heat exchanger 38 is then combined with the intalce air that has passed through the CAC in an EGR
mixer 42. The mixture of the intake air and exhaust gas leaves the mixer 42 and enters the intake manifold of the engine.
A variable geometry nozzle 44 in the turbocharger is utilized for back pressure in the turbine housing inlet and exhaust manifold. A speed sensor 46 determines the rotational speed of the turbocharger shaft and pressure/temperature sensors, generally designated 48 provide temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet of the compressor, the inlet and outlet of the turbine and at the outlet of the EGR flow control valve for EGR differential pressure determination. A first rotary electric actuator (REA) 50 controls the nozzle vanes of the variable geometry inlet nozzle to the turbine. A second REA 52 controls the EGR valve which may be of comparable structure to that defined in U.S. Patent Number 6,360,541 and entitled TURBOCHARGER WITH INTEGRATED EXHAUST GAS
RECIRCULATION VALVE having a common assignee with the present application.
As shown in FIG. 2, the REAs are interconnected in a master/slave affangement. The first REA for controlling the VGT vane position incorporates a microprocessor controller 53 which receives inputs from the EGR pressure and temperature sensor 48a, the turbine outlet pressure and temperature sensor 48b, the turbine inlet pressure and temperature sensor 48c, the compressor outlet pressure and temperature sensor 48d and the compressor inlet pressure and temperature sensor 48e. The engine operating condition is provided from the engine control unit (ECU) 54 through a CAN 2.OB interface to the microprocessor and an input from the speed sensor is provided from the turbocharger. Based on a predetermined matrix of sensor input conditions mapped to engine operating requirements, the microprocessor controller actuates the master REA to position the crank arm 56 to adjust the vanes of the VGT to optimize turbocharger performance.
Additionally, the microprocessor controller receives a position signal from the second or slave REA and provides a signal to a central processing unit (CPU) 58 in the second REA, based on the predetermined mapping matrix. A pulse width modulated (PWM) signal is employed in the embodiment shown. The CPU actuates the REA to position its crank arm 60 to actuate the EGR valve 34 to control EGR flow to the engine. The master/slave arrangement provides simultaneous interactive control of the VGT for exhaust baclc pressure to control the EGR flow rate.
The microprocessor controller additionally selectively records data from the speed sensor a.nd temperature pressure sensors and calculates cycle information. The microprocessor controller compares the calculated cycle data with predetermined cycle information in the mapping matrix for predicted fatigue life of the turbocharger components and, upon reaching predetermined limits actuates the first REA for a "limp home" mode or other speed limitation to preclude failure and in alternative embodiments provides an output signal for operator notification through the CAN interface.
FIG. 3 shows a diesel engine arrangement with a turbocharger incorporating the present invention, with an alternative embodiment from that previously described, using a segregated EGR valve mounted adjacent the EGR cooler.
Having now described the invention in detail as required by the patent statutes, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications and substitutions to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Such modifications are within the scope and intent of the present invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (5)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. An Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system for an internal combustion engine comprising:
a turbocharger (16) having a variable geometry turbine inlet nozzle (44) receiving exhaust gas from an exhaust manifold (14);
an adjustable EGR valve (34) having an inlet connected to receive exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold;
a master actuator (50) with first adjusting means connecting to the variable geometry turbine inlet nozzle for adjustment thereof through a range of positions, said master actuator further having a controller (53) receiving a first plurality of turbocharger condition signals (46, 48a-e) and a second plurality of engine condition signals, the controller positioning the first adjusting means responsive to the first and second plurality of signals; and a slave actuator (52) with second adjusting means connecting to the EGR valve for adjustment thereof to at least an open position and a closed position, said slave actuator having a processing means (58) providing a current position signal to the controller of the master actuator and receiving from the controller a desired position signal responsive to the current position signal and the first and second plurality of signals, the processing means positioning the second adjusting means responsive to the desired position signal.
2. An EGR system as defined in claim 1 wherein the first adjusting means comprises a rotary electric actuator connected through a crank arm (56) to the variable geometry inlet nozzle (44).
3. An EGR system as defined in claim 2 wherein the second adjusting means comprises a rotary electric actuator connected through a crank arm (60) to the EGR valve (34).
4. An EGR system as defined in claim 1 wherein the turbocharger condition signals are selected from the group consisting of compressor inlet pressure, compressor inlet temperature, compressor outlet pressure, compressor outlet temperature, turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure, turbine outlet temperature, turbine outlet pressure, EGR pressure, EGR temperature and turbocharger shaft speed.
5. A method for controlling Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in an internal combustion engine having a variable geometry turbocharger, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a plurality of turbocharger condition signals through a controller of a master actuator;
receiving a plurality of engine condition signals through the controller;
determining a desired setting for the variable geometry of the turbocharger based on a predetermined matrix of the turbocharger and engine condition signals;
controlling the geometry of the turbocharger to the desired setting with the master actuator;
providing an actual position signal of a slave actuator connected to an adjustable EGR valve through a processor to the controller;
determining a desired position of the EGR valve based on the predetermined matrix of turbocharger and engine conditions signals;
providing a desired position signal from the controller to the processor; and controlling the position of the EGR valve by the slave actuator through the processor.
CA002402173A 2000-03-03 2001-03-02 Intelligent electric actuator for control of a turbocharger with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation valve Expired - Fee Related CA2402173C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18664800P 2000-03-03 2000-03-03
US60/186,648 2000-03-03
US09/791,140 2001-02-22
US09/791,140 US6360541B2 (en) 2000-03-03 2001-02-22 Intelligent electric actuator for control of a turbocharger with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation valve
PCT/US2001/006937 WO2001066925A1 (en) 2000-03-03 2001-03-02 Intelligent electric actuator for control of a turbocharger with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation valve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2402173A1 CA2402173A1 (en) 2001-09-13
CA2402173C true CA2402173C (en) 2009-12-01

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CA002402173A Expired - Fee Related CA2402173C (en) 2000-03-03 2001-03-02 Intelligent electric actuator for control of a turbocharger with an integrated exhaust gas recirculation valve

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6360541B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1259717B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4625226B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100762110B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2402173C (en)
MX (1) MXPA02008550A (en)
WO (1) WO2001066925A1 (en)

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