CA2409469C - Voltage-controlled starting relay for induction motor - Google Patents
Voltage-controlled starting relay for induction motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2409469C CA2409469C CA002409469A CA2409469A CA2409469C CA 2409469 C CA2409469 C CA 2409469C CA 002409469 A CA002409469 A CA 002409469A CA 2409469 A CA2409469 A CA 2409469A CA 2409469 C CA2409469 C CA 2409469C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- starting
- induction motor
- induced
- control signal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/02—Details
- H02P1/029—Restarting, e.g. after power failure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
- H02P1/44—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor by phase-splitting with a capacitor
Abstract
There is provided a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor, which includes: a power supply unit 310, configured of a bridge diode BD, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay when AC power of the induction motor is turned on; a triac 306 for applying the AC power to a starting coil W3 of the induction motor or cutting off the AC ; power; a signal input unit 322 for sensing a voltage induced to the starting coil; a hysteresis unit 324 for outputting an ON control signal at tile initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON reference voltage during a normal operation period; and a triggering unit 330 for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal. Accordingly, impulse noise generated across the triac is removed using a spark killer and stabilized voltage is provided to the circuit elements.
Description
V'()I,M,a(~E-CONTROLLED STARTING RELAY FOR INDUCTION MOTOR
BACK(~ROL~ND OF THE tNVENT1ON
1. I icld ul~ the Invention The present invention generally relates to <t single-phase induction motor and.
more particularly. to a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting ;~
single-phase Intlllt'.tlOn illotl)i'.
'. I hscrption of the IZelated_ F'\rt 1 O C~onventionally~, a single-phase induction motor that is operated with single-plrasc .\C' power includes an c)pc:ratic)n coil and a starting coil. ~hh~
star°ting coil h~cc)n~cs conductive only at the moment when the motor starts to provide a statrtin~
rotary p~oveer to the motor' and is maintained in (~t-'F state when the motor is in its normal operation state after started. :1 device for turning on/off the starting coil of the sin'~I~-phase induction motor is called a centrifugal switch or starting relay. A
v ulta~m-contn)lletl electri)nic relay en~ploy:~s the characteristic that the voltage imluce~l 4mross hoth ends of~ the starting coil incre~t,es as the sped of~
revolution of the motor is raised. hhat is, the voltage-controlled relay provides power to the ,t4trti)y~ coil at the initial stage where the induction motor is supplied with power. and then dct~cts lhc voltage induced across the starting coil to cut off the power applied tt~ the stcurtiny coil when the induced voltage becomes higher than a predetermined Irwl tvvoen the motor reaches its normal operation state). (n case that a heavy load is uf~f~licd tee tlm motor during its lu)rn tal operation so that the motor becomes a mostr,rint st~lu~_ the voltage indueed across the starting coil is lowered.
The inlay wn~cs this induced voltage and provides powc;r to the starting coil when the voltage h~mm~_~ Iw-v-~r than a predetermined level to start the motor again. Hire. the induced vc~ltu~~u turning ott the relay is r~l4ttively high and the inducod voltage turning on the r~lm y~ain is relatively low. the dit'ference between the two voltages being called Iw alrusis width'.
\ ronv entic.>nal voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting the singlc-phase induction motor includes the voltage-controlled electronic rela_~=
disclosed in Korean I'at. No.91-2458 applied by the applicatnt. This voltage-controlled relay include: a sin~~l~-phase induction motor 110, and an electronic relay circuit 120 for turnin;~ on off~the starting coil ol~tloc motor, as shown itt FICi. 1.
1 s1 Ivclerring to (~IG, 1. the single-phase induction motor 110 has operation coil, ~.~ 1 and V4'~' and the Starting coil fir';. The operation coils W 1 and Vv?
are concocted ,uch that they directly receive commercial A(' pow-er (A(_" 11(1'1 through pow°er input p~~rts I.1 and L,2 buz the starting coil V~'~ accepts the power via a startin~~
capacitor ~(.' and the electronic rcl~t~ 121:).
I vs The electronic relay 1?() that is a switch for applying the power to the ;t<trtin~a ~uil V' : through the starting capacitor ~iC.' is constructed of a triac 121 and a control ~~ircuit for triggering the 'aatc of the triac 1:'l. 'hlte control circuit includes a pmvcr aal,tplv unit 1?? for supplying power to circuit eletttents ot~the relay. a control si'~~nttl «~ncrator 12 ~ for sensing the voltage across the starting coil Ws to generate an (>'~'()I~I- control signal, and a triggering, unit l?4 for triggering the gate of the triac 1 ~ I ~mccoding i.o the output of~the control signal generator 12~.
l he power supply unit 1 ?;2 consists of a diode D2 for rectifying the ~1C
pmwr altplicd through connection ports -hl and T?, a filter caprcitor C'=I For ttlterin'~
the outh~_U od~ the diode D2. distribution resistors 127 and I28. a zc,ner diode ZI) and a tilmr cal-atcitor ('?. to supply power y~'cc to NANI~ I;ates 111. M2. IVIS and NI~I.
I~h~ control signal generator 1''s is constructed of a diode Dl and uli~trihmic>n resistors R1 ~tnd R2 Ur sensing the voltage ucrc~ss the starting coil 4~',_ a rmistc~r R.~ iin~ controlling the hvstcresis width and two NAND gates Ml and M'. to wnsc the v-oltagc induced across the starting coil Ws to generate the control signal lur turning on-'of~f~the triac l?1. The triggering unit 124 includes NnND
dates Ms and ~1-ler creating oscillation acvording to the: control signal and a transistor ~C~R for int~:rruptin~~ a pick-up coil PC', the pick-up coil PC triggering the gate of the triac 121.
1 fore. the output of the NANI) gate M? is positively fed back to the HAND
gate Ml throu~~l~ flee resistor R4 to w ~idcn the hyste:rcsis width and the capacitor C'3 and I~) rcsi;tor R~ nc'.:ativcly tW ds hack the output of the NtIND gate M4 to create r~srillatiun. In IvIG. l, reference symbols R~l and R9 designate current-limiting rcsistc>rs and C' 1 represc;nts a filter catpacitor.
\'hcn the ,~C power is applied to the induction motor Ilt) having thr utoremuntioned configuration, the power Vcc is supplied to the circuit elements i ~ through the power supply unit 1 ?'' to operate the electronic relay 1 ?0 The voltage induced across the starting coil WZ is applied to the N.~~ND gate Ml through the di«de 1)1 connected to the connection port Ti. they distribution resistors Rl and R?
and tlm Iwsteresis width controllin~y resistor R ~. .fit this time, a low -level signal is inputted t« the NnND gate Ml at tlm initial stage because the voltage induced across the swrtin~ coil VV3 is low. The Nr~ND gate Ml inverts this low input signal into a hielr si~~oal to transmit it to the N~ND gate M~. 13y= doing so. the oscillation circuit ~wnli~~urml of the NANL) gates M:s and M4 oscillate. ~I~lae oscillating signal of the '~~~'~(i :~zate 114 turns on/otf a transistor'I~R to interrupt the primary coil of the pick-up coil I'C~ so that a signal voltage capable of triggering the gate of the triac 1? 1 is induced m the secondary coil of the pick-up coil PC. to therehv turn on the triac 1'_ 1.
\\'hm the triac 121 is turned on. the starting coil ~'3 is provided with the AC power through the friar 1?1 and the starting capacitor ~(' to start the single-phase induction nmmr 1 1 t)_ \\ hm the speed of revolution of the motor I1(1 increases according to the startin« operation thereof: the voltage induced across the starting coil ~'?
is also ruisrd ;=raduallv. If this induced voltage reaches a predetermined voltage set by the hystcrr,i, width controlling resistor f3_ the level ot~the signal applied to the HAND
~~ate M I hccotncs htbh 50 that the NANIO gate Ml outputs a low -levf:l signal. This interrupts the oscillation operation of the NAND gates M3 and M~ and triggering of i n thr 'emu of~th~ triac 1?1 through the pick-up coil, to thereby turn off the friar 1?l .
V'hcn the triac 1 ? 1 is turned u-tf~, the AC power applied to thr: starting coif w : thruuyh the starting capacitor 5C' is cut off, and the induction motor 110 is ymratrci «niv by the operation coils 'Vv' 1 and W?.
I~ I< ~. ? is a circuit diagram of~ another voltage-controlled electronic relay tier I -~ starting the single-phase inducticln motor. The operation of the circuit of FI(.J.? is similar to that of tl-te circuit shown in H'ICi. l, excepting that a resistor R10 and a capztcit~~r C'~i are connected in parallel between the gale and cathode of the friar to be mlnocctu~l to the secondary coil of~ the pick-up coil PC~ and the output signal of the ~.\'~l) :-~~tte ~%1~ is transmitted to the primary coil ;rounded through a capacitor C~s_ ~'(! te, control the friar.
f lm conventional voltage-controlled electronic relay described above can cantrcll the positive feedback chvtracteristic of the NAND gate and the intensity c~f input si;~nal to 'widen the hysteresis width ttp to 75V that is %tbove half the power ~~ti~l~l' 'c'lt~t~;e. Accordingly, the starting device caan be stably operated even in a p<wer e~~~luihment area where voltage variation is sever. I11 addttton, there is no a generation of arc and the device can be installed in any place. However, the conventional relay has problems that the voltage applied to the NAND gates M1 to M4 is not stable and the triac may be damaged due to impulse noise.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention seeks to provide a voltage-controlled electronic starting relay for a single-phase induction motor, which as a spark killer for removing impulse noise, connected in parallel with a triac, to protect the triac from the impulse noise and provide stabilized voltage to circuit elements of the relay.
More particularly, according to the invention, there is provided a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor, comprising; a power supply unit, configured of a bridge diode, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay at an initial starting stage when AC power of the induction motor is turned on; a switch for applying the AC power to a starting coil of the induction motor or cutting off the AC power;
a sensing element for sensing a voltage induced to the starting coil; a hysteresis unit for outputting an ON control signal at the initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON
reference voltage during a normal operation period; and a triggering unit for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further aspects and advantages of the invention can be more fully understood 11'(>!)1 L11C fOlll)~Vlll~? detailed descrlptlon taken in conjunction with the accu111pa11''111~
~lrawin~w. in ~hicll:
I ICi. 1 is a C11'Ctllt diagram 01~ a conventional voltage-controlled electronic ralav fur starting a single-phase induction n lotc)r:
fl( i. ~' is a circuit diagram of another conventional volt,-Ige-controlled rlcctruoic rclav- for starting a single-phase induction motor:
l I( i. s is a circuit diagram of a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a sin~~l~-phase induction motor according to tllc present invention: and i'I(i. -1 is a timing chart (~)r explaining the operation of the el~ctmnic relay lit slwvn in I~ICi. .
DI:'I~:~ILED DESCRIPTI(?N OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMF,NT
I he present invention w°ill now be described in connection with preferred ~mL,c)dim~nts with reference to the accompanvin f; drawings.
i ~ I~I('r. : is a circuit diagrallt of a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a aiy~le-I,I)asr incluctic)n motor according to the present iwelltion. showing tile single-phase inductic)n motor ():? and the electronic relay p00 for turning on/off a starting coil W ~ 01 thmlotur ()~.
IZrlerrin~ to FIG. s, the induction motor ~()? includes operation coils W I
and W'?
_;o mod elm ~tartin'~ coil W3. I'hc operation coils W 1 and W'_' directly receive commercial AC' l~t,v,cr :~fl through laower input ports 1.1 and t,~'. and the starting coil W3 is provided with the ~~C' I)uwer via a starting capacitor ~C and the electronic relay 3()0.
I ha electronic relay s0i) includes a iriac306 that is ~ switching element for applin;~ the ~C' power to the starting coil W3 through the starting capacitor SC'. a hrc)tcctian clement >08 connected in parallel with the triac 306 to prc)tcct it, and a triac Cvlltl'(o s\ ~lClll f01' tr'lggerlllg Lhe gate Of the ti'laG )()~7. ff hlS
trlaC COlltrCl 5\-sleill IS
constructed of a power supply unit 310 for prc)viding power to the circuit elements of the ~I~ctr(~~~ic relay. a control signal g;encrator 320 for sensing a voltage across the starting coil \~ s to ~~cnerate a control si~~nal li)r turning aniol~i~ the triac, arid a triac triggering unit :s(>
I«r tri'~;~rrin;~ the gate of the triac 306 according to the c)utput ol~ the control signal ~,~mratur :?I).
I hr po\vcr supply unit 310 consists of a hridge diode BD for rectifying the :1C' p o\vcr s(» applied through connection ports ~f'1 and I'?. a titter capacitor C:2 for tilterin'a tl)c (,utput ol~ the h~ridge diode 13I). a zener diode ZD and a resistor R~?.
to provide the circuit elements with power' voltage ~'ce. Here. the AC.' power 301 is applied to the hridgc di()de f31) through a current-limiting resistor Ri and a capacitor C 1. and the filter capacit()r t~~. r,cncr diode 7D and resistor R? are connected in parallel with the output port of the hric.l~m ~limle Ill).
Ilm control signal generator 320 includes a signal input unit 2~ for scusin'~
the 1 =~ voltage V~-i- induced across the starting coil Vv~, and a hvsteresis unit s~'4 ti)r generating an )~: ()l l control signal having hysteresis characteristic according to the induced voltage.
I h~.~ ai~mul input ul:it 322 consists of a hysteresis w-idth controlling resistor AR directly connected W a Co1111eCtroll port T;. as resistor R3, a rectifying diode C~?. a protection diode I) 1. a resistc)r R~. a capacitor C3 and a current-limiting resistor Rs. The hysteresis unit ~?~
consists c)1_t\\u) NAND gates NGl and NG2 serially conn(:cted to each other.
and a resi,tor IsO fur positive icedhack.
I~lrr iriac triggering unit > 3() includes an oscillator 332 oscillating according to the ( >'~ -(>i~ I control signal of the hysteresis unit 32=t. and a gate triggering unit ;=I tear huustin;~ the oscillating output o1~ the oscillator 3 32 to trigger the gate of the triac. I~hr ~7.acill~atur 3 ,'_' consists of two NAND gates NG a and NCi~, a resistor R8 for lcedin'~ pact:
the output e~l~ the N;AND gate NCi ,. a capacitor C'=I Cor ne.gativelv teedin~
back the output ~,i~tllr ~w;1\1) ~~at~ N(i4. and a resistor R7. The gate triggering unit >s~4 is constructcd W~a pith-u1 cc,il I'(' Eor boosting the oscillating signal received through a capacitor ('~ tc>
tri~~~~er the Matte ol~ihe triac i06. a resistor R9 and a capacitor CC
connected in parallel with tlm sccmodarv coil ol~the pick-up coil I'C.
l Im op oration of the electronic relay accordin g to the invention is explained blow in detail l irat. the operation principle of the single-phase induction motor is roughly described. The single-phase induction motor includes the operation coils Vv'1 and Vl-'? and ti tlm ,tarring coil ~'3. The starting coil Ws has starting current flowing therethrough only at thmu,nmw when the motor st;rris to provide starting rotary power to the motor and it Imcc,mw ()FU state when the tootor is in its normal opc;ration state aft r started.
;lccurdingly. the voltage-controlled electronic relay switches the ,-1C' power applied to thr ,mwtin~~ mil ~''s to allow the starting coil to be conductive only wfven the wotor starts and mnintain~ the starting coil in ()Fl= state when thi: miytc:~r is being norrnGtllv op~;r~tte;d.
I 'pon supplw of the AC power for stat-ting the induction motor. th a AC' power is ~lirrctlv applied to the operation coils ~'1 and ~'2 Iaut it is provided ti>
the starting coil W
tl~n,u'~h the triac 3(1fi and the starting capacitor '~C' of the electronic relay st>l7. ~hhus_ wrrent (lows through the starting coil W ~ according to ON/(>Fh~ state of the triac sOH.
U'hen the AC power is applied to the concoction ports 'E~l and ~1,4. it is transmitted to tlm hrid~~e diode E3D through the current-limiting resistor Rl and the capacitor Cl and thm Dull-v,avc-rectified by the brid~.:~ diode BC) to become I)C power W c.
~fhe toll-wiw-rartiiic~l l>(' power voltage Vec is smoothed by t:he capacitor C.'~ and stabilizeii by the rmcr ~iimRc II) to be a voltage with a fixed level, to be provided to the circuit elements (N-1N1) gates. liar example) ofthe elcctrc>nic relay.
I ha voltage V~1 induced to the startin;~ coil W3 according to the revolution of the mcnur ~,~~)sses through the port ~I"s and the control resistor AR and is rectified by the diodr 1 )~'. w lm applied t.o the NAND gate NGl through tile current-limiting resistor Rs. 1-Icrc.
tlw ciic~de Dl connected between the input port ol'the diode D2 and ground protects the circuit nlcments from reverse voltage and the catpacitor C.'3 tilters the rectified sense signal.
I hr input voltage Vi applied to the NAND gate N(il is obtained by the followin~~
ylressie~n_ and it can be adjusted by varying the cclntl°ol resistor AR.
I' -(--fR+R;+lr!~Xl'w'~?)+1~,~~;~
f Ir~_ Vw;: designates a voltage fed back froth the NANI) gate N(i? to the NANL) I () ~~~tte N< 11 through tho resistor REi, and Vst ltletuls the magnitude oi~
the voltage induced to lh~ vl~ll'lill'~ la)11.
O111CC: llle V'Ollage VS'1- 111dL1Ced aCT'OSS both C.tldS Oj~ tile Startlllg Ci)11 Vv3 at the initial aturtin~~ sOt~~c is close to OV appro~;inlately, the voltage Vi inputted to the NAND gate N(.I
is cllsme<lr to OV so Chat it becomes a low-level siznal. ;accordingly, the HAND gate N(il t~iltpuw .1 hi4alt-level signal.
l he hi~~h-level signal outputted from the N:~ND gate NGl is applimf io the N.ANC) ~~at~ N( as i>t~ the oscillator X32 tcl snake the oscillator ; ;'? oscillate and, simultune:ouslv_ hnwidrd tc) the HAND gate NG? to be convet~ted info a low-level signal to be positively Ivd bacl.. to the N.AND gate N<.i1 through the resistor R6. f~ccordingly, the N~~ND gate N(il demrnlines its output signal level depending on only tile induced voltage Vsl because thr vr>Im~~r V~~;-~ in the aforernentiened expression, ted back to the NAND
'~at~ N(il. has a low lwul. I ler~. it is very important to stably maintain the power voltage Vcc of the N:1NI.) ~~,lti '~c ~ 1 to NG4 bei;ause the high-level and low=-level signals of the N:1N () gates r~ICi 1 m ~(i-1 arc allccted by the voltage Vcc applied to the NANI) gates NCi I to NCi4.
<) I h~ oscillating signal generated by the oscillator 3 32 aemrdin~ to the high-icml output signal oC the NAND gate NfJl is sent to the primal°y ccoil of the pick-up coil PC
tlvre~u'~Iv the capacitor C5. and thea~ boosted and induced to the secondary coil of the pici:-y~ mil I'O'. to tri'~'~cr the gate ofthe trice 306, thereby turning cm the trice ,06.
I 'pun turning on of the trice 306, the AC hov.~er is applied to the starting coil V's vie the trice 306 and the starting capacitor SC' to start the induction motor 302.
V'hcn the speed of revolution of the induction motor 302 increases according to the at~wtin« ~yurWiun thereof. the voltage V~-~ itlducecl to the starting coil ~r1' i is also raismi '~naclual_'v. il~ this induced voltage Vw reaches an f;)FF reference voltaly Vc":o determined i I) f~v the hvstercsis width conirollin4~ e. sister R3. the signal Vi inputted to the HAND gate '~( ~ I becomes a high level so that the NAND gate NG 1 outputs a low-level signal.
t ha lov-level output signal ot~ the NANL) gate NG 1 interrupts the oscillation operation in the NAND gates NC.ip and NCi=1 0l~ the oscillator 3 3?.
Accordingly. the trigyriny of the gate of the trice 3()6 by the pick-up coil I'C" is stopped, to thereby turn ot~f tha trios :t)6. 'hen the trice 306 is turned oft.. the AC' power applied to the starting coil ~-~ ~ lhru~u~~h the starting capacitor W' is cut oif and the inductiotm~olor i02 is op~ratted only by thr operation coils W 1 and ~V?.
I)urin'~ the normal operation. as described about. the low-lmel output signal oC the ~:~NI) ~~~tm N(i1 is inverted by the NAND gate NG2 to be provided as the high-levU
't~ t~cmlhael~; voltay~e V~c;~to the N.ANI) gate NG1 through the resistr>r R(i. Acccarditagl~,. the vc>Itat~~c Vs:c~~ fed back to the N:~1NI7 gate NC.ilbecomes the high level in the alitremcntioned expression so that the NAND gate NG 1 determines its output level ,~cr<,r~lim~ to tht sung of the sensed induced voltage V~;, and the feedbacl:
signal V~c;~. ~l~hm i~. rwn w hw the AC input voltage of~ the induction motor is varied so that the v°olta~~e V,s i induc:cd to the starting coil ~V3 is ~liglotly d~cr~asc;.d_ the high le~:u1 ~~tn be maintained ;ICrar~liy' W the feedback voltage Vweto result in no occurrence ol'the starting operatie,n la,r turlin;~ on the starting coil V~' . if a heavy load is applied to the motor to reduce the imlucc~l vulta~;e V~, to an ON reference volta,e V~,~~. the startin g operation is carried out 11"Wllll.
The relationship between the induced voltage and the operation of the electronic r~l~n is show o in 1I(i. ~ and the following table 1.
~ f~ahle 1 ~
~, ('laasifieation ~i, <.)utput Output . ~-Oscillator lriac-_- Starting coil ___. ~-Induced _..I
~ ~ ~ ~
ul' Nt=i 1 of NCi'? ~ ~ ' 'I voltage( Vcn 1 I __'_ _ ____ ~tartin'~ ._.'_~i~h - l:ow r Oscillation 'C)N ~Conducnve(onj_Ilzct.eilsc .-_._ i I
priori ' ~-____. . .____-______ ._______..._.______.___ --_~_.___ . _ '~onoal operation l.ow High UFF ~tFF ()F'E Above V~,ni period f IZeamrtin~-_~ I li~h ~ Low ___ t-)scillation ~N _.~_C,onductiv~(olj .l~Inerease .-fi.om ' period '~ i V<m In l l( i. -1 and Table 1 _ the horizontal a:~is is a tinm axis. vvhiclu is divided into the ! (J initial startin~.! period. normal operation period and restarting period.
and the vertical axis inciicate~ the level of the voltage Vw- induced to the starting coil Wv. (n addition_ V~>,=r mans ~h~ ()I I~ reference voltage for interrupting, tits starting operation and V~,~
rrprese~~ts the ()N reference voltage for starting the restarting operation after thmormal operation.
w' rmn I~I(i. ~~ and Table I, it can be known that the initial starting, period br;:«ins w hen the :1i_' power is ON and the induced v«Itage Vs.l- increases according.
to the rmolution ol'the motor. During this initial starting pet°iod, the NAND
gate NGl outputs the high-Iml si~;nttl and the NrlND date NG2 outputs thc~ low-level si~Ttlal to L~usitivelv lard it h,u:l: O.~ elm '.~.-~NI) gate NCiI. ~C~h~ oscillator :;? oscillates to output ~.tn oscillating signal accordin~~ to the high-level output oFthe NAND gate N(il. and the gate triggering unit :s=C
tri'~'~era tl~e ~~ate of the triac 3()C to turn on the triac 3U6. Accordingly.
the AC' pov-ver is ,yplicd m tltc starting coil Vl-' >.
\L'hen the induced voltage Va-, increases to mach the OI'F reference voltage V'c ":,._ the NA~JI) gate NG1 outputs the low- level signal. the HAND gate NCi2 output the high-Imul signal. and the oscillator s.s~' stops its oscillation. to thereby turn o(t~ the triac s0(i.
! () \\ Imn l1m triac s()(i is turned off. the AC power applied to the Starting coil V~~ ; is cut oi~l~.
I his prriod during which the starting coil VV 3 is turned otf and the mote>r runs only by the ulmratie~n coils Vv'1 and Vv'? correspond to the normal operation period.
)urin'~ the normal operation. the motor is continuously operated only by the y~eratic~n coils \~'1 and W? even it the induced voltage V~, is varied and.
when an ohstaclc such as heavy load is generated so that the induced voltage Vs-,- is decreased lower than the ()~ rcltrmcmolta'~e. restarting is carried out. The operation ot~ the restarting period is idcutic:ai to the operation of~the starting period.
to a hrvferred embodiment of~ the present inventic.~n. in caw ol'tlue power voltage ul 1 1 ()V~. thc~ Olvl rei~rence voltage is set to I?SV. apprctxin7ately, that is the voltage induced to tl~~ atetrting coil v~~hen the revolution of the motor is ;~ccelurated to reach near 70'~~u of the rutWshurd o1 th a motor, and the f)N reference voltage is set to SOV.
approximatil~~, fallin~,e in tl~c rnn~m of ?>°a-30% of the rated speed. The hysteresis width hec~.>mes about 7W' in thin caw.
lvlcantime. if impulse noise is applied to the triac 306 due to surge input when the triac i~ turne:d oniotf, a spark killer _>()8 connected in parallel with the triac s06 absorbs ih~
inthulsc noise to protect the triac 30fi therefi~orn and the power supply unit :l(l cantinuuusly aupplies the stabilirtct voltage Vcc to the HAND gates NCiI to NCi4 through tht hri~l'~e cliodc Bl). In additiort_ the signal input unit .~'?2 stably=
operates even when thr ip,ut w,lta'~r varies due to the diode Dl. and the stabilised voltage applied to the N;1N1) '.ales lit ~ 1 and NG? results in accurate c~peratiotn cof the electronic relay.
\s dcacribed above, according to the present invention, the power voltage is stahlv hrovidr;i to the circuit elements ol~th~ electronic relay using the full-wave-rectii~yin~ hrici~ae dirade and filter capacitor to accurately control the operation of the relay.
Furthermore. the span: killrr is connected in parallel with the triac to protect the triac ti-orn impulse noise.
\Ithough sloecific embodiments including the preferred embodiment have born illu5tr,u~_~i and described. it will he obvious to those skilled in tlne art that various ntodilirations may be made without departing from the spirit amt scope of the present inwntic~n. which is intended to be limited solely by the appended claims.
I ;i
BACK(~ROL~ND OF THE tNVENT1ON
1. I icld ul~ the Invention The present invention generally relates to <t single-phase induction motor and.
more particularly. to a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting ;~
single-phase Intlllt'.tlOn illotl)i'.
'. I hscrption of the IZelated_ F'\rt 1 O C~onventionally~, a single-phase induction motor that is operated with single-plrasc .\C' power includes an c)pc:ratic)n coil and a starting coil. ~hh~
star°ting coil h~cc)n~cs conductive only at the moment when the motor starts to provide a statrtin~
rotary p~oveer to the motor' and is maintained in (~t-'F state when the motor is in its normal operation state after started. :1 device for turning on/off the starting coil of the sin'~I~-phase induction motor is called a centrifugal switch or starting relay. A
v ulta~m-contn)lletl electri)nic relay en~ploy:~s the characteristic that the voltage imluce~l 4mross hoth ends of~ the starting coil incre~t,es as the sped of~
revolution of the motor is raised. hhat is, the voltage-controlled relay provides power to the ,t4trti)y~ coil at the initial stage where the induction motor is supplied with power. and then dct~cts lhc voltage induced across the starting coil to cut off the power applied tt~ the stcurtiny coil when the induced voltage becomes higher than a predetermined Irwl tvvoen the motor reaches its normal operation state). (n case that a heavy load is uf~f~licd tee tlm motor during its lu)rn tal operation so that the motor becomes a mostr,rint st~lu~_ the voltage indueed across the starting coil is lowered.
The inlay wn~cs this induced voltage and provides powc;r to the starting coil when the voltage h~mm~_~ Iw-v-~r than a predetermined level to start the motor again. Hire. the induced vc~ltu~~u turning ott the relay is r~l4ttively high and the inducod voltage turning on the r~lm y~ain is relatively low. the dit'ference between the two voltages being called Iw alrusis width'.
\ ronv entic.>nal voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting the singlc-phase induction motor includes the voltage-controlled electronic rela_~=
disclosed in Korean I'at. No.91-2458 applied by the applicatnt. This voltage-controlled relay include: a sin~~l~-phase induction motor 110, and an electronic relay circuit 120 for turnin;~ on off~the starting coil ol~tloc motor, as shown itt FICi. 1.
1 s1 Ivclerring to (~IG, 1. the single-phase induction motor 110 has operation coil, ~.~ 1 and V4'~' and the Starting coil fir';. The operation coils W 1 and Vv?
are concocted ,uch that they directly receive commercial A(' pow-er (A(_" 11(1'1 through pow°er input p~~rts I.1 and L,2 buz the starting coil V~'~ accepts the power via a startin~~
capacitor ~(.' and the electronic rcl~t~ 121:).
I vs The electronic relay 1?() that is a switch for applying the power to the ;t<trtin~a ~uil V' : through the starting capacitor ~iC.' is constructed of a triac 121 and a control ~~ircuit for triggering the 'aatc of the triac 1:'l. 'hlte control circuit includes a pmvcr aal,tplv unit 1?? for supplying power to circuit eletttents ot~the relay. a control si'~~nttl «~ncrator 12 ~ for sensing the voltage across the starting coil Ws to generate an (>'~'()I~I- control signal, and a triggering, unit l?4 for triggering the gate of the triac 1 ~ I ~mccoding i.o the output of~the control signal generator 12~.
l he power supply unit 1 ?;2 consists of a diode D2 for rectifying the ~1C
pmwr altplicd through connection ports -hl and T?, a filter caprcitor C'=I For ttlterin'~
the outh~_U od~ the diode D2. distribution resistors 127 and I28. a zc,ner diode ZI) and a tilmr cal-atcitor ('?. to supply power y~'cc to NANI~ I;ates 111. M2. IVIS and NI~I.
I~h~ control signal generator 1''s is constructed of a diode Dl and uli~trihmic>n resistors R1 ~tnd R2 Ur sensing the voltage ucrc~ss the starting coil 4~',_ a rmistc~r R.~ iin~ controlling the hvstcresis width and two NAND gates Ml and M'. to wnsc the v-oltagc induced across the starting coil Ws to generate the control signal lur turning on-'of~f~the triac l?1. The triggering unit 124 includes NnND
dates Ms and ~1-ler creating oscillation acvording to the: control signal and a transistor ~C~R for int~:rruptin~~ a pick-up coil PC', the pick-up coil PC triggering the gate of the triac 121.
1 fore. the output of the NANI) gate M? is positively fed back to the HAND
gate Ml throu~~l~ flee resistor R4 to w ~idcn the hyste:rcsis width and the capacitor C'3 and I~) rcsi;tor R~ nc'.:ativcly tW ds hack the output of the NtIND gate M4 to create r~srillatiun. In IvIG. l, reference symbols R~l and R9 designate current-limiting rcsistc>rs and C' 1 represc;nts a filter catpacitor.
\'hcn the ,~C power is applied to the induction motor Ilt) having thr utoremuntioned configuration, the power Vcc is supplied to the circuit elements i ~ through the power supply unit 1 ?'' to operate the electronic relay 1 ?0 The voltage induced across the starting coil WZ is applied to the N.~~ND gate Ml through the di«de 1)1 connected to the connection port Ti. they distribution resistors Rl and R?
and tlm Iwsteresis width controllin~y resistor R ~. .fit this time, a low -level signal is inputted t« the NnND gate Ml at tlm initial stage because the voltage induced across the swrtin~ coil VV3 is low. The Nr~ND gate Ml inverts this low input signal into a hielr si~~oal to transmit it to the N~ND gate M~. 13y= doing so. the oscillation circuit ~wnli~~urml of the NANL) gates M:s and M4 oscillate. ~I~lae oscillating signal of the '~~~'~(i :~zate 114 turns on/otf a transistor'I~R to interrupt the primary coil of the pick-up coil I'C~ so that a signal voltage capable of triggering the gate of the triac 1? 1 is induced m the secondary coil of the pick-up coil PC. to therehv turn on the triac 1'_ 1.
\\'hm the triac 121 is turned on. the starting coil ~'3 is provided with the AC power through the friar 1?1 and the starting capacitor ~(' to start the single-phase induction nmmr 1 1 t)_ \\ hm the speed of revolution of the motor I1(1 increases according to the startin« operation thereof: the voltage induced across the starting coil ~'?
is also ruisrd ;=raduallv. If this induced voltage reaches a predetermined voltage set by the hystcrr,i, width controlling resistor f3_ the level ot~the signal applied to the HAND
~~ate M I hccotncs htbh 50 that the NANIO gate Ml outputs a low -levf:l signal. This interrupts the oscillation operation of the NAND gates M3 and M~ and triggering of i n thr 'emu of~th~ triac 1?1 through the pick-up coil, to thereby turn off the friar 1?l .
V'hcn the triac 1 ? 1 is turned u-tf~, the AC power applied to thr: starting coif w : thruuyh the starting capacitor 5C' is cut off, and the induction motor 110 is ymratrci «niv by the operation coils 'Vv' 1 and W?.
I~ I< ~. ? is a circuit diagram of~ another voltage-controlled electronic relay tier I -~ starting the single-phase inducticln motor. The operation of the circuit of FI(.J.? is similar to that of tl-te circuit shown in H'ICi. l, excepting that a resistor R10 and a capztcit~~r C'~i are connected in parallel between the gale and cathode of the friar to be mlnocctu~l to the secondary coil of~ the pick-up coil PC~ and the output signal of the ~.\'~l) :-~~tte ~%1~ is transmitted to the primary coil ;rounded through a capacitor C~s_ ~'(! te, control the friar.
f lm conventional voltage-controlled electronic relay described above can cantrcll the positive feedback chvtracteristic of the NAND gate and the intensity c~f input si;~nal to 'widen the hysteresis width ttp to 75V that is %tbove half the power ~~ti~l~l' 'c'lt~t~;e. Accordingly, the starting device caan be stably operated even in a p<wer e~~~luihment area where voltage variation is sever. I11 addttton, there is no a generation of arc and the device can be installed in any place. However, the conventional relay has problems that the voltage applied to the NAND gates M1 to M4 is not stable and the triac may be damaged due to impulse noise.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention seeks to provide a voltage-controlled electronic starting relay for a single-phase induction motor, which as a spark killer for removing impulse noise, connected in parallel with a triac, to protect the triac from the impulse noise and provide stabilized voltage to circuit elements of the relay.
More particularly, according to the invention, there is provided a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor, comprising; a power supply unit, configured of a bridge diode, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay at an initial starting stage when AC power of the induction motor is turned on; a switch for applying the AC power to a starting coil of the induction motor or cutting off the AC power;
a sensing element for sensing a voltage induced to the starting coil; a hysteresis unit for outputting an ON control signal at the initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON
reference voltage during a normal operation period; and a triggering unit for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further aspects and advantages of the invention can be more fully understood 11'(>!)1 L11C fOlll)~Vlll~? detailed descrlptlon taken in conjunction with the accu111pa11''111~
~lrawin~w. in ~hicll:
I ICi. 1 is a C11'Ctllt diagram 01~ a conventional voltage-controlled electronic ralav fur starting a single-phase induction n lotc)r:
fl( i. ~' is a circuit diagram of another conventional volt,-Ige-controlled rlcctruoic rclav- for starting a single-phase induction motor:
l I( i. s is a circuit diagram of a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a sin~~l~-phase induction motor according to tllc present invention: and i'I(i. -1 is a timing chart (~)r explaining the operation of the el~ctmnic relay lit slwvn in I~ICi. .
DI:'I~:~ILED DESCRIPTI(?N OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMF,NT
I he present invention w°ill now be described in connection with preferred ~mL,c)dim~nts with reference to the accompanvin f; drawings.
i ~ I~I('r. : is a circuit diagrallt of a voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a aiy~le-I,I)asr incluctic)n motor according to the present iwelltion. showing tile single-phase inductic)n motor ():? and the electronic relay p00 for turning on/off a starting coil W ~ 01 thmlotur ()~.
IZrlerrin~ to FIG. s, the induction motor ~()? includes operation coils W I
and W'?
_;o mod elm ~tartin'~ coil W3. I'hc operation coils W 1 and W'_' directly receive commercial AC' l~t,v,cr :~fl through laower input ports 1.1 and t,~'. and the starting coil W3 is provided with the ~~C' I)uwer via a starting capacitor ~C and the electronic relay 3()0.
I ha electronic relay s0i) includes a iriac306 that is ~ switching element for applin;~ the ~C' power to the starting coil W3 through the starting capacitor SC'. a hrc)tcctian clement >08 connected in parallel with the triac 306 to prc)tcct it, and a triac Cvlltl'(o s\ ~lClll f01' tr'lggerlllg Lhe gate Of the ti'laG )()~7. ff hlS
trlaC COlltrCl 5\-sleill IS
constructed of a power supply unit 310 for prc)viding power to the circuit elements of the ~I~ctr(~~~ic relay. a control signal g;encrator 320 for sensing a voltage across the starting coil \~ s to ~~cnerate a control si~~nal li)r turning aniol~i~ the triac, arid a triac triggering unit :s(>
I«r tri'~;~rrin;~ the gate of the triac 306 according to the c)utput ol~ the control signal ~,~mratur :?I).
I hr po\vcr supply unit 310 consists of a hridge diode BD for rectifying the :1C' p o\vcr s(» applied through connection ports ~f'1 and I'?. a titter capacitor C:2 for tilterin'a tl)c (,utput ol~ the h~ridge diode 13I). a zener diode ZD and a resistor R~?.
to provide the circuit elements with power' voltage ~'ce. Here. the AC.' power 301 is applied to the hridgc di()de f31) through a current-limiting resistor Ri and a capacitor C 1. and the filter capacit()r t~~. r,cncr diode 7D and resistor R? are connected in parallel with the output port of the hric.l~m ~limle Ill).
Ilm control signal generator 320 includes a signal input unit 2~ for scusin'~
the 1 =~ voltage V~-i- induced across the starting coil Vv~, and a hvsteresis unit s~'4 ti)r generating an )~: ()l l control signal having hysteresis characteristic according to the induced voltage.
I h~.~ ai~mul input ul:it 322 consists of a hysteresis w-idth controlling resistor AR directly connected W a Co1111eCtroll port T;. as resistor R3, a rectifying diode C~?. a protection diode I) 1. a resistc)r R~. a capacitor C3 and a current-limiting resistor Rs. The hysteresis unit ~?~
consists c)1_t\\u) NAND gates NGl and NG2 serially conn(:cted to each other.
and a resi,tor IsO fur positive icedhack.
I~lrr iriac triggering unit > 3() includes an oscillator 332 oscillating according to the ( >'~ -(>i~ I control signal of the hysteresis unit 32=t. and a gate triggering unit ;=I tear huustin;~ the oscillating output o1~ the oscillator 3 32 to trigger the gate of the triac. I~hr ~7.acill~atur 3 ,'_' consists of two NAND gates NG a and NCi~, a resistor R8 for lcedin'~ pact:
the output e~l~ the N;AND gate NCi ,. a capacitor C'=I Cor ne.gativelv teedin~
back the output ~,i~tllr ~w;1\1) ~~at~ N(i4. and a resistor R7. The gate triggering unit >s~4 is constructcd W~a pith-u1 cc,il I'(' Eor boosting the oscillating signal received through a capacitor ('~ tc>
tri~~~~er the Matte ol~ihe triac i06. a resistor R9 and a capacitor CC
connected in parallel with tlm sccmodarv coil ol~the pick-up coil I'C.
l Im op oration of the electronic relay accordin g to the invention is explained blow in detail l irat. the operation principle of the single-phase induction motor is roughly described. The single-phase induction motor includes the operation coils Vv'1 and Vl-'? and ti tlm ,tarring coil ~'3. The starting coil Ws has starting current flowing therethrough only at thmu,nmw when the motor st;rris to provide starting rotary power to the motor and it Imcc,mw ()FU state when the tootor is in its normal opc;ration state aft r started.
;lccurdingly. the voltage-controlled electronic relay switches the ,-1C' power applied to thr ,mwtin~~ mil ~''s to allow the starting coil to be conductive only wfven the wotor starts and mnintain~ the starting coil in ()Fl= state when thi: miytc:~r is being norrnGtllv op~;r~tte;d.
I 'pon supplw of the AC power for stat-ting the induction motor. th a AC' power is ~lirrctlv applied to the operation coils ~'1 and ~'2 Iaut it is provided ti>
the starting coil W
tl~n,u'~h the triac 3(1fi and the starting capacitor '~C' of the electronic relay st>l7. ~hhus_ wrrent (lows through the starting coil W ~ according to ON/(>Fh~ state of the triac sOH.
U'hen the AC power is applied to the concoction ports 'E~l and ~1,4. it is transmitted to tlm hrid~~e diode E3D through the current-limiting resistor Rl and the capacitor Cl and thm Dull-v,avc-rectified by the brid~.:~ diode BC) to become I)C power W c.
~fhe toll-wiw-rartiiic~l l>(' power voltage Vec is smoothed by t:he capacitor C.'~ and stabilizeii by the rmcr ~iimRc II) to be a voltage with a fixed level, to be provided to the circuit elements (N-1N1) gates. liar example) ofthe elcctrc>nic relay.
I ha voltage V~1 induced to the startin;~ coil W3 according to the revolution of the mcnur ~,~~)sses through the port ~I"s and the control resistor AR and is rectified by the diodr 1 )~'. w lm applied t.o the NAND gate NGl through tile current-limiting resistor Rs. 1-Icrc.
tlw ciic~de Dl connected between the input port ol'the diode D2 and ground protects the circuit nlcments from reverse voltage and the catpacitor C.'3 tilters the rectified sense signal.
I hr input voltage Vi applied to the NAND gate N(il is obtained by the followin~~
ylressie~n_ and it can be adjusted by varying the cclntl°ol resistor AR.
I' -(--fR+R;+lr!~Xl'w'~?)+1~,~~;~
f Ir~_ Vw;: designates a voltage fed back froth the NANI) gate N(i? to the NANL) I () ~~~tte N< 11 through tho resistor REi, and Vst ltletuls the magnitude oi~
the voltage induced to lh~ vl~ll'lill'~ la)11.
O111CC: llle V'Ollage VS'1- 111dL1Ced aCT'OSS both C.tldS Oj~ tile Startlllg Ci)11 Vv3 at the initial aturtin~~ sOt~~c is close to OV appro~;inlately, the voltage Vi inputted to the NAND gate N(.I
is cllsme<lr to OV so Chat it becomes a low-level siznal. ;accordingly, the HAND gate N(il t~iltpuw .1 hi4alt-level signal.
l he hi~~h-level signal outputted from the N:~ND gate NGl is applimf io the N.ANC) ~~at~ N( as i>t~ the oscillator X32 tcl snake the oscillator ; ;'? oscillate and, simultune:ouslv_ hnwidrd tc) the HAND gate NG? to be convet~ted info a low-level signal to be positively Ivd bacl.. to the N.AND gate N<.i1 through the resistor R6. f~ccordingly, the N~~ND gate N(il demrnlines its output signal level depending on only tile induced voltage Vsl because thr vr>Im~~r V~~;-~ in the aforernentiened expression, ted back to the NAND
'~at~ N(il. has a low lwul. I ler~. it is very important to stably maintain the power voltage Vcc of the N:1NI.) ~~,lti '~c ~ 1 to NG4 bei;ause the high-level and low=-level signals of the N:1N () gates r~ICi 1 m ~(i-1 arc allccted by the voltage Vcc applied to the NANI) gates NCi I to NCi4.
<) I h~ oscillating signal generated by the oscillator 3 32 aemrdin~ to the high-icml output signal oC the NAND gate NfJl is sent to the primal°y ccoil of the pick-up coil PC
tlvre~u'~Iv the capacitor C5. and thea~ boosted and induced to the secondary coil of the pici:-y~ mil I'O'. to tri'~'~cr the gate ofthe trice 306, thereby turning cm the trice ,06.
I 'pun turning on of the trice 306, the AC hov.~er is applied to the starting coil V's vie the trice 306 and the starting capacitor SC' to start the induction motor 302.
V'hcn the speed of revolution of the induction motor 302 increases according to the at~wtin« ~yurWiun thereof. the voltage V~-~ itlducecl to the starting coil ~r1' i is also raismi '~naclual_'v. il~ this induced voltage Vw reaches an f;)FF reference voltaly Vc":o determined i I) f~v the hvstercsis width conirollin4~ e. sister R3. the signal Vi inputted to the HAND gate '~( ~ I becomes a high level so that the NAND gate NG 1 outputs a low-level signal.
t ha lov-level output signal ot~ the NANL) gate NG 1 interrupts the oscillation operation in the NAND gates NC.ip and NCi=1 0l~ the oscillator 3 3?.
Accordingly. the trigyriny of the gate of the trice 3()6 by the pick-up coil I'C" is stopped, to thereby turn ot~f tha trios :t)6. 'hen the trice 306 is turned oft.. the AC' power applied to the starting coil ~-~ ~ lhru~u~~h the starting capacitor W' is cut oif and the inductiotm~olor i02 is op~ratted only by thr operation coils W 1 and ~V?.
I)urin'~ the normal operation. as described about. the low-lmel output signal oC the ~:~NI) ~~~tm N(i1 is inverted by the NAND gate NG2 to be provided as the high-levU
't~ t~cmlhael~; voltay~e V~c;~to the N.ANI) gate NG1 through the resistr>r R(i. Acccarditagl~,. the vc>Itat~~c Vs:c~~ fed back to the N:~1NI7 gate NC.ilbecomes the high level in the alitremcntioned expression so that the NAND gate NG 1 determines its output level ,~cr<,r~lim~ to tht sung of the sensed induced voltage V~;, and the feedbacl:
signal V~c;~. ~l~hm i~. rwn w hw the AC input voltage of~ the induction motor is varied so that the v°olta~~e V,s i induc:cd to the starting coil ~V3 is ~liglotly d~cr~asc;.d_ the high le~:u1 ~~tn be maintained ;ICrar~liy' W the feedback voltage Vweto result in no occurrence ol'the starting operatie,n la,r turlin;~ on the starting coil V~' . if a heavy load is applied to the motor to reduce the imlucc~l vulta~;e V~, to an ON reference volta,e V~,~~. the startin g operation is carried out 11"Wllll.
The relationship between the induced voltage and the operation of the electronic r~l~n is show o in 1I(i. ~ and the following table 1.
~ f~ahle 1 ~
~, ('laasifieation ~i, <.)utput Output . ~-Oscillator lriac-_- Starting coil ___. ~-Induced _..I
~ ~ ~ ~
ul' Nt=i 1 of NCi'? ~ ~ ' 'I voltage( Vcn 1 I __'_ _ ____ ~tartin'~ ._.'_~i~h - l:ow r Oscillation 'C)N ~Conducnve(onj_Ilzct.eilsc .-_._ i I
priori ' ~-____. . .____-______ ._______..._.______.___ --_~_.___ . _ '~onoal operation l.ow High UFF ~tFF ()F'E Above V~,ni period f IZeamrtin~-_~ I li~h ~ Low ___ t-)scillation ~N _.~_C,onductiv~(olj .l~Inerease .-fi.om ' period '~ i V<m In l l( i. -1 and Table 1 _ the horizontal a:~is is a tinm axis. vvhiclu is divided into the ! (J initial startin~.! period. normal operation period and restarting period.
and the vertical axis inciicate~ the level of the voltage Vw- induced to the starting coil Wv. (n addition_ V~>,=r mans ~h~ ()I I~ reference voltage for interrupting, tits starting operation and V~,~
rrprese~~ts the ()N reference voltage for starting the restarting operation after thmormal operation.
w' rmn I~I(i. ~~ and Table I, it can be known that the initial starting, period br;:«ins w hen the :1i_' power is ON and the induced v«Itage Vs.l- increases according.
to the rmolution ol'the motor. During this initial starting pet°iod, the NAND
gate NGl outputs the high-Iml si~;nttl and the NrlND date NG2 outputs thc~ low-level si~Ttlal to L~usitivelv lard it h,u:l: O.~ elm '.~.-~NI) gate NCiI. ~C~h~ oscillator :;? oscillates to output ~.tn oscillating signal accordin~~ to the high-level output oFthe NAND gate N(il. and the gate triggering unit :s=C
tri'~'~era tl~e ~~ate of the triac 3()C to turn on the triac 3U6. Accordingly.
the AC' pov-ver is ,yplicd m tltc starting coil Vl-' >.
\L'hen the induced voltage Va-, increases to mach the OI'F reference voltage V'c ":,._ the NA~JI) gate NG1 outputs the low- level signal. the HAND gate NCi2 output the high-Imul signal. and the oscillator s.s~' stops its oscillation. to thereby turn o(t~ the triac s0(i.
! () \\ Imn l1m triac s()(i is turned off. the AC power applied to the Starting coil V~~ ; is cut oi~l~.
I his prriod during which the starting coil VV 3 is turned otf and the mote>r runs only by the ulmratie~n coils Vv'1 and Vv'? correspond to the normal operation period.
)urin'~ the normal operation. the motor is continuously operated only by the y~eratic~n coils \~'1 and W? even it the induced voltage V~, is varied and.
when an ohstaclc such as heavy load is generated so that the induced voltage Vs-,- is decreased lower than the ()~ rcltrmcmolta'~e. restarting is carried out. The operation ot~ the restarting period is idcutic:ai to the operation of~the starting period.
to a hrvferred embodiment of~ the present inventic.~n. in caw ol'tlue power voltage ul 1 1 ()V~. thc~ Olvl rei~rence voltage is set to I?SV. apprctxin7ately, that is the voltage induced to tl~~ atetrting coil v~~hen the revolution of the motor is ;~ccelurated to reach near 70'~~u of the rutWshurd o1 th a motor, and the f)N reference voltage is set to SOV.
approximatil~~, fallin~,e in tl~c rnn~m of ?>°a-30% of the rated speed. The hysteresis width hec~.>mes about 7W' in thin caw.
lvlcantime. if impulse noise is applied to the triac 306 due to surge input when the triac i~ turne:d oniotf, a spark killer _>()8 connected in parallel with the triac s06 absorbs ih~
inthulsc noise to protect the triac 30fi therefi~orn and the power supply unit :l(l cantinuuusly aupplies the stabilirtct voltage Vcc to the HAND gates NCiI to NCi4 through tht hri~l'~e cliodc Bl). In additiort_ the signal input unit .~'?2 stably=
operates even when thr ip,ut w,lta'~r varies due to the diode Dl. and the stabilised voltage applied to the N;1N1) '.ales lit ~ 1 and NG? results in accurate c~peratiotn cof the electronic relay.
\s dcacribed above, according to the present invention, the power voltage is stahlv hrovidr;i to the circuit elements ol~th~ electronic relay using the full-wave-rectii~yin~ hrici~ae dirade and filter capacitor to accurately control the operation of the relay.
Furthermore. the span: killrr is connected in parallel with the triac to protect the triac ti-orn impulse noise.
\Ithough sloecific embodiments including the preferred embodiment have born illu5tr,u~_~i and described. it will he obvious to those skilled in tlne art that various ntodilirations may be made without departing from the spirit amt scope of the present inwntic~n. which is intended to be limited solely by the appended claims.
I ;i
Claims (11)
1. A voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor. comprising:
a power supply unit, configured of a bridge diode, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay at an initial starting stage when AC power of the induction motor is turned on;
a switch for applying the AC power to a starting coil of the induction motor or cutting off the AC power;
a sensing element for sensing a voltage induced to the starting coil;
a hysteresis unit for outputting an ON control signal at the initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON reference voltage during a normal operation period: and a triggering unit for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal.
a power supply unit, configured of a bridge diode, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay at an initial starting stage when AC power of the induction motor is turned on;
a switch for applying the AC power to a starting coil of the induction motor or cutting off the AC power;
a sensing element for sensing a voltage induced to the starting coil;
a hysteresis unit for outputting an ON control signal at the initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON reference voltage during a normal operation period: and a triggering unit for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal.
2. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch is a triac and a protection element is connected in parallel with the triac to prevent the triac from being destroyed due to impulse noise.
3. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the protection element is a spark killer.
4. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein the power supply unit includes the bridge diode whose input part is connected to the AC power via a current-limiting resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 and whose output part is connected to a smoothing capacitor C2 and a zener diode ZD.
5. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensing element is constructed of a distribution resistor for dividing the induced voltage, a diode D2 for rectifying the divided induced voltages, a filter capacitor C3 for filtering the output of the diode D2 and a diode D1 connected between the input port of the diode D2 and ground.
6. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the hysteresis unit is constructed of a first NAND gate NG1 connected to invert the input thereof, and a second NAND
gate NG2 for inverting the output of the first NAND gate NG1 to positively feed it back to the first NAND gate NG1 through a resistor R6.
gate NG2 for inverting the output of the first NAND gate NG1 to positively feed it back to the first NAND gate NG1 through a resistor R6.
7. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the OFF reference voltage is set to the voltage induced to the starting coil when the speed of the induction motor reaches about 70% of its rated speed and the ON reference voltage is set to the voltage induced to the starting coil when it becomes about 25%-30% of the rated speed.
8. A voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor, comprising:
a power supply unit, configured of a bridge diode whose input part is connected to the AC power via a current-limiting resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 and whose output part is connected to a smoothing capacitor C2 and zener diode ZD, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay when AC power of the induction motor is turned on;
a switch for applying the AC power to a starting coil of the induction motor or cutting off the AC power;
a protection element connected in parallel with the switch to prevent the switch from being destroyed due to impulse noise;
a sensing element, constructed of a distribution resistor for dividing the induced voltage to the starting coil, a diode D2 for rectifying the divided induced voltages, a filter capacitor C3 for filtering the output of the diode D2 and a diode D1 connected between the input port of the diode D2 and ground for sending a voltage induced to the starting coil;
a hysteresis unit for outputting an ON control signal at the initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON reference voltage during a normal operation period; and a triggering unit for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal.
a power supply unit, configured of a bridge diode whose input part is connected to the AC power via a current-limiting resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 and whose output part is connected to a smoothing capacitor C2 and zener diode ZD, for supplying power to circuit elements of the starting relay when AC power of the induction motor is turned on;
a switch for applying the AC power to a starting coil of the induction motor or cutting off the AC power;
a protection element connected in parallel with the switch to prevent the switch from being destroyed due to impulse noise;
a sensing element, constructed of a distribution resistor for dividing the induced voltage to the starting coil, a diode D2 for rectifying the divided induced voltages, a filter capacitor C3 for filtering the output of the diode D2 and a diode D1 connected between the input port of the diode D2 and ground for sending a voltage induced to the starting coil;
a hysteresis unit for outputting an ON control signal at the initial starting stage, generating an OFF control signal for turning off the switch when the induced voltage sensed by the sensing element reaches a predetermined OFF reference voltage, and generating the ON control signal for turning on the switch again when the induced voltage becomes lower than a predetermined ON reference voltage during a normal operation period; and a triggering unit for turning on the switch according to the ON control signal of the hysteresis unit and turning off the switch according to the OFF control signal.
9. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 8, wherein the protection element is a spark killer.
10. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 8, wherein the hysteresis unit is constructed of a first NAND gate NG1 connected to invert the input thereof, and a second NAND
gate NG2 for inverting the output of the first NAND gate NG1 to positively feed it back to the first NAND gate NG 1 through a resistor R6.
gate NG2 for inverting the output of the first NAND gate NG1 to positively feed it back to the first NAND gate NG 1 through a resistor R6.
11. The voltage-controlled electronic relay for starting a single-phase induction motor as claimed in claim 8, wherein the OFF reference voltage is set to the voltage induced to the starting coil when the speed of the induction motor reaches about 70% of its rated speed and the ON reference voltage is set to the voltage induced to the starting coil when it becomes about 25%-30% of the rated speed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2001-0074189A KR100422329B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2001-11-27 | A voltage controlled starting relay for an induction motor |
| KR2001-74189 | 2001-11-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2409469A1 CA2409469A1 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
| CA2409469C true CA2409469C (en) | 2005-09-20 |
Family
ID=19716338
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002409469A Expired - Fee Related CA2409469C (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2002-10-23 | Voltage-controlled starting relay for induction motor |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6819075B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1315279A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3847700B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100422329B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1179478C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002301320B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0204442A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2409469C (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02011687A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL354506A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2222095C2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200207890B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100728535B1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2007-06-14 | 김영준 | Starting relay of single phase induction motor |
| DE502005008318D1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2009-11-26 | Grundfos Management As | submersible |
| DE102006021256A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
| DE102006034499A1 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-31 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
| DE102006053524B4 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2011-05-26 | Danfoss Flensburg Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
| WO2009148197A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Young-Jun Kim | Electronic relay for single phase induction motor |
| CN102025299B (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2014-06-11 | 金荣俊 | Method for starting single-phase induction motor and corresponding electronic relay |
| BRPI1003594A2 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2013-01-15 | Whirlpool Sa | Single-engine induction and control method Single-phase induction, single-engine induction and control system Single-phase induction and electronic start-and-control device applied to an engine Single-phase induction |
| GB201020258D0 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-01-12 | B D G El S P A | Motor control systems |
| US10320313B2 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2019-06-11 | Young Jun Kim | Arc free phase control alternatives for AC motor starters |
| RU2625566C1 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2017-07-17 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Донской государственный технический университет" | Double-rate control system of single-phase induction motor |
| CN106208820B (en) * | 2016-09-11 | 2018-12-11 | 湖南利能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high-performance inverter with single-phase asynchronous motor soft start function |
| CN112003543A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-27 | 秦孝文 | Single-phase alternating current motor open-phase detection, starting and operation control method and electronic module |
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| US3671830A (en) * | 1970-06-24 | 1972-06-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Single phase motor starting control apparatus |
| US3882364A (en) * | 1972-08-18 | 1975-05-06 | Gen Electric | Induction motor control system |
| JPS5666186A (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1981-06-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Starting circuit in single-phase induction motor |
| JPS57183293A (en) * | 1981-05-06 | 1982-11-11 | Katsuyoshi Nomura | Controlling circuit device for motor |
| KR840002367B1 (en) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-12-21 | 김인석 | Relay for induction motor |
| US4486700A (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1984-12-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Universal single phase motor starting control apparatus |
| KR850000055Y1 (en) * | 1983-06-04 | 1985-02-09 | 나종현 | Sprayer attathed fan |
| IL75172A0 (en) * | 1985-05-12 | 1985-09-29 | Howard Michael S | Ballasts and transformerless power supplies |
| US4843295A (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1989-06-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for starting single phase motors |
| US4782278A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-11-01 | Pt Components, Inc. | Motor starting circuit with low cost comparator hysteresis |
| KR910002458B1 (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1991-04-22 | 삼화기연 주식회사 | Electronic relay |
| KR940003940B1 (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1994-05-09 | 동국제약 주식회사 | Process for preparing gymnemic acid salt conc in gymnema sylvestre |
| BR8906225A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-06-04 | Brasil Compressores Sa | ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FOR STARTING A SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR |
| US5296795A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-03-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for starting capacitive start, induction run and capacitive start, capacitive run electric motors |
| US5528120A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-06-18 | Sealed Unit Parts Co., Inc. | Adjustable electronic potential relay |
| DE10013668A1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-23 | Ralph Heim | Device for controlling alternating current circuit e.g. for single-phase induction motor, includes controllable AC switch unit directed into off-period state or conducting state by applying DC control voltages in first and second DC ranges |
| KR200262061Y1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2002-02-06 | (주)이안테크놀로지 | Digital mobilization device of single- phase inductive electromotor |
-
2001
- 2001-11-27 KR KR10-2001-0074189A patent/KR100422329B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2002
- 2002-01-24 RU RU2002101892/09A patent/RU2222095C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-14 PL PL02354506A patent/PL354506A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-01 ZA ZA200207890A patent/ZA200207890B/en unknown
- 2002-10-04 US US10/265,172 patent/US6819075B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-04 AU AU2002301320A patent/AU2002301320B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-10-18 EP EP02023625A patent/EP1315279A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-23 CA CA002409469A patent/CA2409469C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-29 CN CNB021469652A patent/CN1179478C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-29 BR BR0204442-0A patent/BR0204442A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-01 JP JP2002319438A patent/JP3847700B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-26 MX MXPA02011687A patent/MXPA02011687A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003189650A (en) | 2003-07-04 |
| PL354506A1 (en) | 2003-06-02 |
| JP3847700B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
| CN1421991A (en) | 2003-06-04 |
| AU2002301320B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| MXPA02011687A (en) | 2003-06-02 |
| CN1179478C (en) | 2004-12-08 |
| ZA200207890B (en) | 2003-05-09 |
| US6819075B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
| RU2222095C2 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
| CA2409469A1 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
| KR100422329B1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| EP1315279A3 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| US20030107343A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
| BR0204442A (en) | 2004-06-08 |
| KR20030043158A (en) | 2003-06-02 |
| EP1315279A2 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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