CA2410579A1 - Methods and compositions for treating flaviviruses and pestiviruses - Google Patents

Methods and compositions for treating flaviviruses and pestiviruses Download PDF

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CA2410579A1
CA2410579A1 CA002410579A CA2410579A CA2410579A1 CA 2410579 A1 CA2410579 A1 CA 2410579A1 CA 002410579 A CA002410579 A CA 002410579A CA 2410579 A CA2410579 A CA 2410579A CA 2410579 A1 CA2410579 A1 CA 2410579A1
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alkyl
acyl
lower alkyl
pharmaceutically acceptable
compound
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CA2410579C (en
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Jean-Pierre Sommadossi
Paolo Lacolla
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Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
INDENIX (CAYMAN) Ltd
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Jean-Pierre Sommadossi
Paolo Lacolla
Universita Degli Studi Di Cagliari
Indenix (Cayman) Limited
Novirio Pharmaceuticals Limited
Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Application filed by Jean-Pierre Sommadossi, Paolo Lacolla, Universita Degli Studi Di Cagliari, Indenix (Cayman) Limited, Novirio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed Critical Jean-Pierre Sommadossi
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    • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
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    • A61K31/7072—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid having two oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. uridine, uridylic acid, thymidine, zidovudine
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    • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
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    • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
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    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
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    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
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    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/23—Heterocyclic radicals containing two or more heterocyclic rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, not provided for in groups C07H19/14 - C07H19/22
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

A method and composition for treating a host infected with flavivirus or pestivirus comprising administering an effective flavivirus or pestivirus treatment amount of a described 1', 2' or 3'-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Claims (180)

We Claim:
1. A compound of Formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered ire vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
2. A compound of Formula II:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when achninistered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
3. A compound of Formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
4. A compound of Formula IV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
5. A compound of Formula V:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
6. A compound of Formula VI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other phannaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
7. A compound selected from Formulas VII, VIII and IX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower allcyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
8. A compound of Formulas X, XI and XII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); aryl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
9. A compound selected from Formulas XIII, XIV and XV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
10. A compound of Formula XVI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylallcyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 axe independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine, or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
11. A compound of Formula XVII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)a, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine, or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
12. A compound of Formula XVIII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, lower alkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)amino;
R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
13. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
14. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
15. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
16. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
17. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
18. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
19. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
20. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
21. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
22. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
23. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
24. A compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
25. The compound as described in any of the preceding claims 1-24, wherein the said compound is in the form of a dosage unit.
26. The compound as described in claim 187, wherein the dosage unit contains 10 to 1500 mg of said compound.
27. The compound as described in claim 187 or 188, wherein said dosage unit is a tablet or capsule.
28. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;

Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, aryl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
29. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
30. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branehed or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
31. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula IV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;

X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
32. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula V:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
33. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula VI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
34. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formulas VII, VIII or IX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable Garner or diluent, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound Wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;

R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)z, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
35. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula X, XI or XII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;

R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;

R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
36. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XIII, XIV or XV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;

R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
37. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XVI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, allcyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2 or -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 are independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
38. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XVII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
39. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XVIII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;

R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, loweralkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)amino;
R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
40. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
41. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
42. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
43. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
44. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
45. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable Garner or diluent.
46. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable Garner or diluent.
47. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
48. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
49. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
50. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
51. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
52. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;

X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
53. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); aryl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
54. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
55. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula IV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
56. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula V:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); aryl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
57. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula VI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered ih vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
58. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula VII, VIII or IX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when adminstered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
59. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula X, XI or XII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
60. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XIII, XIV or XV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
61. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XVI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered if a vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 are independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine, or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
62. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XVII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
63. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula XVIII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;

R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, lower alkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)asnino;
R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
64. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
65. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
66. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
67. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
68. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
69. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
70. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
71. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
72. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
73. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
74. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
75. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus in a host, comprising an effective amount of a compound of structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more other antivirally effective agents.
76. The pharmaceutical composition as described in any of the preceding claims 28-75, wherein the said compound is in the form of a dosage unit.
77. The pharmaceutical composition as described in claim 76, wherein the dosage unit contains 10 to 1500 mg of said compound.
78. The pharmaceutical composition as described in claim 75 or 76, wherein said dosage unit is a tablet or capsule.
79. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
80. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula II:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl(including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
81. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula III:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
82. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula IV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, aryl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
83. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula V:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
84. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising adminstering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula VI:
<IMG.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
85. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula VII, VIII or IX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
86. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula X, XI or XII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;

R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2,-NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
87. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XIII, XIV or XV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
88. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XVI:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;

R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 are independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
89. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XVII:
(XVII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;

R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
90. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XVIII:
(XVIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); aryl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)z, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, loweralkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)amino;

R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
91. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
92. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
93. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
94. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
95. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
96. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
97. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
98. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
99. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
100. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
101. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
102. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
103. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
104. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula II:
(II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
105. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula III:
(III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
106. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula IV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
107. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula V:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
108. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula VI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); aryl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
109. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula VII, VIII or IX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
10. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula X, XI or XII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower aryl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
111. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XIII, XIV or XV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
112. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XVI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;

R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 are independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
113. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XVII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;

R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
114. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of Formula XVIII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more other antivirally effective agents, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, loweralkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)amino;
R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
115. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
116. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
117. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
118. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
119. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
120. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
121. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
122. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
123. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
124. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
125. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
126. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a flavivirus or pestivirus infection in a host, comprising administering an antivirally effective amount of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination or alternation with one or more antivirally effective agents.
127. Method of treatment as described in any of the preceding claims 79-126, wherein the said compound is in the form of a dosage unit.
128. Method of treatment as described in claim 127, wherein the dosage unit contains 10 to 1500 mg of said compound.
129. Method of treatment as described in claim 127 or 128, wherein said dosage unit is a tablet or capsule.
130. A use of a compound of Formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
131. A use of a compound of Formula II:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;

X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
132. A use of a compound of Formula III:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
133. A use of a compound of Formula IV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
134. A use of a compound of Formula V:
~~

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
135. A use of a compound of Formula VI:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
136. A use of a compound selected from Formulas VII, VIII and IX:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
137. A use of a compound of Formulas X, XI and XII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
138. A use of a compound selected from Formulas XIII, XIV and XV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower aryl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
139. A use of a compound of Formula XVI:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 are independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine, or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form.
a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
140. A use of a compound of Formula XVII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;

R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine, or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
141. A use of a compound of Formula XVIII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 axe independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, loweralkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)amino;

R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
142. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
143. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
144. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
145. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
146. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
147. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
148. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
149. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
150. A use of a compound of the stricture:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
151. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
152. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
153. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
154. A use of a compound of Formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
155. A use of a compound of Formula II:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are is independently H
or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
156. A use of a compound of Formula III:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4; and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
157. A use of a compound of Formula IV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H, phosphate (including mono-, di- or triphosphate and a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl); alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein; a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered ih vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
158. A use of a compound of Formula V:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
159. A use of a compound of Formula VI:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate; and Y is hydrogen, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4R5 or SR4;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H, straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl, CO-alkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkoxyalkyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, OR4, NR4NR5 or SR4;
and R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, acyl (including lower acyl), or alkyl (including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl and cyclopropyl).
160. A use of a compound selected from Formulas VII, VIII and IX:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), CF3, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2, or CH2.
161. A use of a compound of Formulas X, XI and XII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 is hydrogen, OR3, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
162. A use of a compound selected from Formulas XIII, XIV and XV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1, R2 and R3 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
163. A use of a compound of Formula XVI:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:

Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R8 and R10 are independently H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, R7 and R10, R8 and R9, or R8 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
164. A use of a compound of Formula XVII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;

R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R10 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine, or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R7 and R10 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
165. A use of a compound of Formula XVIII:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus, wherein:
Base is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein;
R1 and R2 are independently H; phosphate (including monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate prodrug); acyl (including lower acyl);
alkyl (including lower alkyl); sulfonate ester including alkyl or arylalkyl sulfonyl including methanesulfonyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents as described in the definition of aryl given herein;
a lipid, including a phospholipid; an amino acid; a carbohydrate; a peptide; a cholesterol; or other pharmaceutically acceptable leaving group which when administered in vivo is capable of providing a compound wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or phosphate;
R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl (including lower alkyl), azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, -C(O)O(alkyl), -C(O)O(lower alkyl), -O(acyl), -O(lower acyl), -O(alkyl), -O(lower alkyl), -O(alkenyl), chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO2, NH2, -NH(lower alkyl), -NH(acyl), -N(lower alkyl)2, -N(acyl)2;
R7 and R9 are independently hydrogen, OR2, alkyl (including lower alkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, O-alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO2, amino, loweralkylamino, or di(loweralkyl)amino;
R8 is H, alkyl (including lower alkyl), chlorine, bromine or iodine;
alternatively, R7 and R9, or R8 and R9 can come together to form a bond; and X is O, S, SO2 or CH2.
166. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
167. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
168. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
169. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
170. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
171. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
172. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
173. A use of a compound of the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
174. A use of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
175. A use of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
176. A use of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
177. A use of a compound of the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a host infected with the flavivirus or pestivirus.
178. Use of the compound as described in any of the preceding claims 130-177, wherein the said compound is in the form of a dosage unit.
179. Use of the compound of claim 101, wherein the dosage unit contains 178 to mg of said compound.
180. Use of the compound of claim 178 or 179, wherein said dosage unit is a tablet or capsule.
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