CA2411575A1 - Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides - Google Patents

Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides Download PDF

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CA2411575A1
CA2411575A1 CA 2411575 CA2411575A CA2411575A1 CA 2411575 A1 CA2411575 A1 CA 2411575A1 CA 2411575 CA2411575 CA 2411575 CA 2411575 A CA2411575 A CA 2411575A CA 2411575 A1 CA2411575 A1 CA 2411575A1
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monothiophosphate
monophosphate
deoxyadenosine
deoxyinosine
odn
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Walter Schmidt
Karen Lingnau
Carola Schellack
Alena Egyed
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Valneva Austria GmbH
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    • C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
    • C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/117—Nucleic acids having immunomodulatory properties, e.g. containing CpG-motifs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55516—Proteins; Peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55561—CpG containing adjuvants; Oligonucleotide containing adjuvants
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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    • C12N2310/33—Chemical structure of the base
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    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

Described is an immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleic acid molecule (ODN) having the structure according to formula (I), wherein any NMP is a 2' deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycytosine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-, deoxypseudouridine-, deoxyribosepurine-, 2-amino-deoxyribosepurine-, -6-S-deoxyguanine-, 2-dimethyl-deoxyguanosine- or N- isopentenyl-deoxyadenosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, NUC is a 2' deoxynucleoside, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycytosine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-, deoxypseudouridine-, deoxyribosepurine-, 2-amino-deoxyribosepurine-, 6-S-deoxyguanine-, 2-dimethyl-deoxyguanosine- or N-isopentenyl-deoxyadenosine, any X is O or S, a and b are integers from 0 to 100 with the proviso that a + b is between 4 and 150, B and E are common groups for 5' or 3' ends of nucleic acid molecules, as well as a pharmaceutical composition containing such ODNs.

Description

Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides The present invention relates to immunostimulatory oligodeoxynu-cleic molecules (ODNs) and pharmaceutical compositions containing such ODNs.
Vaccines can save more lives (and resources) than any other medi-cal intervention (Nossal, 1998). Owing to world-wide vaccination programs the incidence of many fatal diseases has been decreased drastically. Although this notion is valid for a whole panel of diseases, e.g. tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, measles and tetanus, there are no effective vaccines for numerous infectious disease including most viral infections, such as AIDS. There are also no effective vaccines for other diseases, infectious or non-infectious claiming millions the lives of millions of pa-tients per year including malaria or cancer. In addition, the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and microorgan-isms calls for alternative treatments with vaccines being a logi-cal choice. Finally, the great need for vaccines is also illustrated by the fact that infectious diseases, rather than cardiovascular disorders or cancer or injuries remain the largest cause of death and disability in the world (Bloom and Widdus, 1998 ) .
From an immunological point of view one~major problem in the field of vaccines today is that traditional vaccines (and/or the immune-modulating compounds contained within these preparations) are designed to induce high levels of antibodies (Harrow and Lane, 1988). However, antibodies on their own are not effective in preventing a large number of diseases including most illnesses caused by viruses, intracellular bacteria, certain parasites and cancer. Examples for such diseases are, but are not restricted to, the above-mentioned HIV virus or Plasmodium.spec. in case of malaria. In numerous experimental systems it has been shown that the cellular arm of the immune system, including T cells, rather than the humoral arm, is important for these indications. There-fore, novel, innovative technologies are needed to overcome the limitations of conventional vaccines. The focus must be on tech-nologies that reliably induce the cellular immune system, includ-ing antigen specific T cells, which recognize molecules expressed -on pathogen infected cells. Ideally, vaccines are designed that induce both T cells distinguishing diseased and/or infected cells from normal cells and, simultaneously, antibodies secreted by B
cells recognising pathogens in extracellular compartments.
Several established vaccines consist of live attenuated organism where the risk of reversion to the virulent wild-type strain ex-ists. In particular in immunocompromised hosts this can be a live threatening scenario. Alternatively, vaccines are administered as a combination of pathogen-derived antigens together with com-pounds that induce or enhance immune responses against these an-tigens (these compounds are commonly termed adjuvant), since these subunit vaccines on their own are generally not effective.
Whilst there is no doubt that the above vaccines are valuable medical treatments, there is the disadvantage that, due to their complexity, severe side effects can be evoked, e.g. to antigens that~are contained in the vaccine that display cross-reactivity with molecules expressed by cells of vaccinated individuals. In addition, existing requirements from regulatory authorities, e.g.
the World Health Organization (wH0), the Food and Drug Admin-istration (FDA), and their European counterparts, for exact specification of vaccine composition and mechanisms of induction of immunity, are difficult to meet.
Antigen presenting cells belong to the innate immune system, which has evolved as a first line host defence that limits infec-tion early after exposure to microorganisms (Hoffmann et al., 1999). Cells of the innate immune sytem recognize patterns or relatively non-specific structures expressed on their targets rather than more sophisticated, specific structures which are recognised by the adaptive immune system (Hoffmann et al., 1999).
Examples of cells of the innate immune system are macrophages and dendritic cells but also granulocytes (e. g. neutrophiles), natu-ral killer cells and others. By contrast, cells of the adaptive immune system recognize specific, antigenic structures, including peptides, in the case of T cells and peptides as well as three-dimensional structures in the case of B cells. The adaptive im-mune system is much more specific and sophisticated than the in-nate immune system and improves upon repeat exposure to a given pathogen/antigen. Phylogenetically, the innate immune system is much older and can be found already in very primitive organisms.
Nevertheless, the innate immune system is critical during the initial phase of antigenic exposure since, in addition to con-taining pathogens, cells of the innate immune system, i.e. APCs, prime cells of the adaptive immune system and thus trigger spe-cific immune responses leading to clearance of the intruders. In sum, cells of the innate immune sytem and in particular APCs play a critical role during the induction phase of immune responses by a) containing infections by means of a primitive pattern recogni-tion system and b) priming cells of the adaptive immune system leading to specific immune responses and memory resulting in clearance of intruding pathogens or of other targets (Roitt et al., 1998). These mechanisms may also be important to clear or contain tumor cells. i_ i As mentioned above, cells of the innate immune system recognise patterns expressed on their respective targets. Examples are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacterial glycolipids, lipoteichoic acids of Gram-positive bacteria, mannans of yeast and double stranded RNAs of viruses (Hoffmann et al., 1999). In addition they may recognise patterns such as altered glycosylations of proteins on tumor cells.
Recent findings describe DNAs of protozoan or. lower eukaryotes as a further pattern recognised by the innate (but possibly also by the adaptive) immune system of mammals (and probably most if not all vertebrates) (Krieg, 1996; Lipford et al., 1998).
The immune system recognises lower organisms including bacteria probably due to structural and sequence usage differencies be-tween pathogen and host DNA. In particular short stretches of DNA, derived from non-vertebrates or in form of short synthetic ODNs containing nonmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG) in a certain base context, are targeted (Krieg et al., 1995). CpG motifs are found at the expected frequency in bacte-rial DNA but are much less frequent in vertebrate DNA (LipLord et al., 1998; Pisetsky, 1999). In addition, non-vertebrate (i.e.
bacterial) CpG motifs are not methylated whereas vertebrate CpG
sequences are. These differences between bacterial DNA and verte-brate DNA allow vertebrates to recognise non-vertebrate DNA as a danger' signal.
Natural CpG-containing DNA, ODNs, as well as thiophosphate-sub-stituted (exchange of thiophosphate residues for phosphate) ODNs containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) are not only potent activators of immune cell proliferation and humoral immune.responses (Krieg et al., 1995), but also stimulate strong cellular immune re-sponses (reviewed in Lipford et al., 1998). DNA/ODNs containing non-methylated CpG motifs can directly activate monocytic cells (dendritic cells, macrophages) and B cells. Likely, natural kil-ler (NK) cells are not directly activated but respond to mono-cyte-derived IL-12 (interleukin 12) with a marked increase in their IFN-y production (Chase et al., 1997). In consequence, the induction of monocytes and NK cells by CpG DNA promotes the in-duction of Th1-type responses and the development of cytotoxic T
cells.
Ribonucleic acid based on inosine and cytosine, like polyi-nosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), is known to promote Th1-specific immune responses. It is known to stimulate macrophages to produce cytokines such as IL-loc and IL-12 (Manetti et al., 1995), it is also known as a potent interferon type 1 inducer (Manetti et al., 1995) and a potent NK cell stimulator (Cavanaugh et al., 1996).
This effect, however, was strictly restricted to ribonucleic acid containing inosine and cytidine residues (W098/16247).
Investigations by the inventors of the present invention showed that ODNs containing non-methylated CpG motifs, although being efficient in stimulating immune system, have essential disadvan-tages, especially with respect to specificity (high background) and induction of side effects, such as high systemic TNF-a gen-eration. High systemic TNF-cc release is known to cause~toxic shock syndrome, which can cause death of afflicted patients.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide suitable novel ODNs which do not have such drastic side effects as ODNs based on CpG sequences. It is a further object to reduce the side effects of pharmaceutical compositions containing known ODNs and to provide safe and efficient well-tolerable pharmaceu-tical compositions with efficient, immunostimulatory properties which are suitable for vaccination of animals, especially of mam-mals, including humans.
This object is solved by immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleic acid molecule (ODN) having the structure according to formula (I) B NUB NMP~ X3 ~ X~, ~1 ( L) , any X is 0 or S, wherein any NMP is a 2' deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophos-phate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, de-oxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycytosine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine=, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-, deoxypseudouridine-, deoxyribosepurine-, 2-amino-deoxyribosepu-rine-, 6-S-deoxyguanine-, 2-dimethyl-deoxyguanosine- or N-isopen-tenyl-deoxyadenosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphat, NUC is a 2' deoxynucleoside, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycyto-sine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-, deoxypseudouridine-,deoxyribosepurine-, 2-amino-deoxyribosepurine-, 6-S,deoxyguanine-, 2-dimethyl-deoxy-guanosine- or N-isopentenyl-deoxyadenosine, a and b are integers from 0 to 100 with the proviso that a + b is between 4 and 150, B and E are common groups for 5' or 3' ends of nucleic acid mole-cules.
NMPb E

Surprisingly it turned out that ODNs containing deoxyinosine residues (I-ODNs) show an immunostimulatory effect comparable or in many instances even better than ODNs containing CpG motifs.
Moreover, ODNs according to the present invention produce more specific immune responses to a given antigen or antigen fragment than CpG ODNs. In addition, ODNs according to the present inven-tion reduced the induction of adverse side reactions, especially the induction of systemic TNF-oG or IL-6.
Whereas certain immunostimulatory effects had been described for inosine containing RNA molecules, such as poly-IC or the mole-cules mentioned in W098/16247, it surprisingly turned out that deoxynucleic acid molecules containing deoxyinosine residues, may be good immunostimulating ODNs.
In addition, the I-ODNs according to the present invention are -in contrast to ODNs based on the specific CpG motif - not depend-ent on a specific motif or a palindromic sequence as described for the CpG oligonucleotides (see e.g. EP 0 468 520 A2, w096/02555, wo98/18810, wo98/37919, w098/40100, wo98/52581, W099/51259 and W099/56755, all incorpoarted herein by reference).
Therefore, one group of I-ODNs according to the present invention may preferably contain a CI motif (and therefore ODNs described in these incorporated references, wherein one or more guanosine residues are replaced with deoxyinosine residues are preferred embodiments of the present ODNs). It is not necessary for its principle immunostimulatory property, since I-ODNs with an Ino-sine not placed in a CI or IC context exhibit immunostimulatory properties as well.
The I-ODN according to the present invention is therefore a DNA
molecule containing a deoxyinosine residue which is preferably provided in single stranded form.
The I-ODN according to the present invention may be isolated through recombinant methods or chemically synthesized. In the latter case, the I-ODN according to the present invention may also contain modified oligonucleotides which may be synthesized using standard chemical transformations, such as methylphosphon-ates or other phosphorous based modified oligonucleotides, such as phosphotriesters, phosphoamidates and phosphorodithiorates.
Other non-phosphorous based modified oligonucleotides can also be used (Stirchak et al., MAR 17 (1989), 6129-6141), however, mono-' phosphates or monothiophosphates being the preferred 2'deoxynu-cleoside monophosphate to be used in the present invention.
The NMPs of the I-ODNs according to the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycytosine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate (as usual, the phosphate or thiophosphate group is 5' of the deoxyribose). Whereas it is es-sential for the ODNs based on the CpG motif that this motif is unmethylated, this is surprisingly not the case for the ODNs ac-cording to the present invention, wherein e.g. 2-methyl-deoxyino-sine or 5-methyl-deoxycytosine residues have no general negative effect on immunostimulatory properties of the ODNs according to the present invention. Alternatively, instead of the 2-deoxy-forms of the NMPs, also other, especially inert, groups may be present at the 2-site of the ribose group, such as e.g. -F, -NH2, -CH3,.especially -CH3. Of course, -OH and SH groups are excluded for the I-ODNs according to the present invention to be present on the 2'-site of the ribose, especially the ribose residue for the inosine NMP.
The length of the ODNs according to the present invention is in the range of the standard ODNs used according to the prior art.
Therefore molecules with a total length under 4 and above 150 show gradually decreasing immunostimulatory potential. Preferred ODNs contain between 10 and 60, especially between 15 and 40 bases (nucleosides), implying that a + b in formula I is between and 60, preferably between 15 and 40 in these preferred em-bodiments.
Whereas the ribonucleic acid molecules containing inosine and cytidine described to be immunostimulatory in the prior art have been large and relatively undefined polynucleic acids with mo-lecular weights far above 200,000 (a commercially available poly-inosinic-polycytidylic acid from Sigma Chemicals has a molecular - g weight ranging from 220,000 to 460,000 (at least 500-1000 C+I
residues). The molecules according to the present invention are DNA molecules of much shorter length with a well defined length and composition, being highly reproducible in products.
It is further preferred that the deoxyinosine containing NMP of the I-ODNs according to formula I is a monothiophosphate with one to four sulfur atoms and that also further NMPs, especially all further NMPs, are present as nucleoside monothiophosphates, be-cause such ODNs display higher nuclease resistance (it is clear for the present invention that the "mono" in the "monothiophos-phates" relates to the phosphate, i.e. that one phosphate group (one phosphor atom) is present in each NMP). Preferably, at least one of X and X is S and at least one of X and X is 0 in the NMPs according to the present invention. Preferably, X3 and X4 are 0. (X3 may be (due to synthesis of the NMP) derived e.g. from the phosphate group or from the 3'-group of the NMP-ribose).
Preferably the ODNs according to the present invention contain the sequence hhh wdi dhh h nhh hhh wdi nhh hhh hhh wn, nhh wdi din hhh hdi ndi nh, nhh hhh wdi dhh hhh hhh wn or nhh wdi did hhh hdi ddi dh, wherein any n is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxy-guanosine-, deoxycytosine- or deox.ythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, any h is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deo~tyadenosine-, deoxycyto-sine- or deoxythymidine-monophosphate or'-monothiophosphate i is deoxyinosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, any w is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine- or de-oxythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, and any d is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxy-guanosine- or deoxythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate.

As outlined above, a specific motif (such as CpG or a palindrome) is not necessary for the I-ODNs according to the present inven-tion. However, ODNs containing a CI motif are preferred so that in a preferred embodiment the ODN according to formula I contains at least one 2'deoxycytosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate 3'-adjacent to a 2'-deoxyinosine-monophosphate or -monothiophos-phate to form such a 5'-CI 3'-motif.
Preferred ODNs according to the present invention contain one or more of the sequence gacitt, iacitt, gaictt, iaictt, wherein a is deoxyadenosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, g is deoxyguanosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, i is deoxyinosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, c is deoxycytosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate and t is deoxythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate.
The I-ODNs according to the present invention are especially suitable for application in the pharmaceutical field, e.g. to be applied as a medicine to an animal or to humans. 'they are spe-cifically adapted to act as an immunostimulatory agent, espe-cially in or together with vaccine compositions.
Therefore, the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an ODN according to the present invention.
Since a preferred pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is a vaccine, this composition should contain an antigen besides the ODN according to the present invention.
The potential of this antigen to raise a:protection/immune re-sponse of the vaccinated individual is strongly increased by com-bining it with the ODNs according to the present invention, especially due to their immunostimulatory activity.

A vaccine can contain a whole variety of different antigens. Ex-amples of antigens are whole-killed organisms such as inactivated viruses or bacteria, fungi, protozoa or even cancer cells. Anti-gens may also consist of subfractions of these organisms/tissues, of proteins, or, in their most simple form, of peptides. Antigens can also be recognised by the immune system in form of glycosy-lated proteins or peptides and may also be or contain polysaccha-rides or lipids. Short peptides can be used since for example cytotoxic T cells (CTL) recognize antigens in form of short usu-ally 8-11 amino acids long peptides in conjunction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Rammensee et al., Iminunogenet-ics 41, (1995), 178-228). B cells recognize longer peptides starting at around 15 amino acids (Harrow et al, Cold Spring Har-bor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, (1988)). By contrast to T
cell epitopes, the three dimensional structure of B cell antigens may also be important for recognition by antibodies. In order to obtain sustained, antigen-specific immune responses, adjuvants are helpful to trigger immune cascades that involve all cells of the immune system necessary. Primarily, adjuvants are acting, but are not restricted in their mode of action, on so-called antigen presenting cells (APCs). These cells usually first encounter the antigens) followed by presentation of processed or unmodified antigen to immune effector. Intermediate cell types may also be involved. Only effector cells with the appropriate specificity are activated in a productive immune response. The adjuvant may also locally retain antigens and.co-injected other factors. In addition the adjuvant may act as a chemoattractant for other im-mune cells or may act locally and/or systemically as a stimulat-ing agent for the immune system.
According to a preferred embodiment, T cell epitopes are used as antigens. Alternatively, a combination of T cell epitopes and B
cell epitopes may also be preferred.
The antigens to be used in the present compositions are not critical. Also mixtures of different antigens are of course pos-sible to be used according to the present invention. Preferably, proteins or peptides derived from a viral or a bacterial pathogen or from fungi or parasites are used as such antigens (including derivatized antigens or glycosylated'or lipidated antigens or polysaccharides or lipids). Another preferred source of antigens are tumor antigens. Preferred pathogens are selected from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A and B viruses, hepati-tis C virus (HCV), rous sarcoma virus (RSV), Epstein Barr vi-rus (EBV) Influenza virus, Rotavirus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia pneumonias, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycobacterium tuber-culosis, Streptococcus pneumonias, Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae, Plasmodium sp. (P1. falciparum, Pl. vivax, etc.), As-pergillus sp. or Candida albicans. Antigens may also be molecules expressed by cancer cells (tumor antigens). The derivation proc-ess may include the purification of a specific protein from the pathogen/cancer cells, the inactivation of the pathogen as well as the proteolytic or chemical derivatization or stabilisation of such a protein. In the same way also tumor antigens (cancer vac-cines) or autoimmune antigens may be used in the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention. With such compo-sitions a tumor vaccination or a treatment for autoimmume dis-eases may be performed.
In the case of peptide antigens the use of peptide mimitopes/ago-nists/superagonists/antagonists or peptides changed in certain positions without affecting the immunologic properties or non-peptide mimitopes/agonists/superagonists/antagonists (reviewed in Sparbier and Walden, 1999) is included in the current invention.
Peptide antigens may also contain elongations either at the car-boxy or at the amino terminus of the peptide antigen facilitating interaction with the polycationic compounds) or the immunostimu-latory compound(s). For the treatment of autoimmune diseases pep-tide.antagonists may be applied.
Antigens may also be derivatized to include molecules enhancing antigen presentation and targeting of antigens to antigen pre-senting cells. .
In one embodiment of the invention the phar~iaceutical composition serves to confer tolerance~to proteins or protein fragments and peptides which are involved in autoimmune diseases. Antigens used in this embodiments serve to tolerize the immune system or down-regulate immune responses against epitopes involved in autoimmune processes.

Preferably the pharmaceutical composition according to the pres-ent invention, especially in the form of a vaccine, further com-prises a polycationic polymer, preferably a polycationic~peptide, especially polyarginine, polylysine or an antimicrobial peptide.
The polycationic compounds) to be used according to the present invention may be any polycationic compound which shows the char-acteristic effect according to the WO 97/30721. Preferred polyca-tionic compounds are selected from basic polypeptides, organic polycations, basic polyaminoacids or mixtures thereof. These polyaminoacids should have a.chain length of at least 4 amino acid residues (see: Tuftsin as described in Goldman et al (1983)). Especially preferred are substances containing peptidic bounds, like polylysine, polyarginine and polypeptides containing more than 200, especially more than 500 of basic amino acids in a range of more than 8, especially more than 20, amino acid resi-dues or mixtures thereof. Other preferred polycations and their pharmaceutical compositons are described in WO 97/30721 (e. g.
polyethyleneimine) and WO 99/38528. Preferably these polypeptides contain between 20 and 500 amino acid residues, especially be-tween 30 and 200 residues.
These polycationic compounds may be produced chemically or recom-binantly or may be derived from natural sources.
Cationic (poly)peptides may also be polycationic anti-bacterial microbial peptides with properties as reviewed in (Ganz and Le-hrer, 1999; Hancock, 1999). These (poly)peptides may be of pro-karyotic or animal or plant origin or may be produced chemically or recombinantly (Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Ganz and Lehrer, 1999;
Simmaco et al., 1998). Peptides may also belong to the class of defensins (Ganz, 1999: Ganz and Lehrer, 1999). Sequences of such peptides can be, for example, be found in the Antimicrobial Se-quences Database under the following Internet address:
kitty //www bbcm univ trieste.it/~tossi/~aaal.html Such host defense peptides or defensives are also a preferred form of the polycationic polymer according to the present inven-tion. Generally, a compound allowing as an end product activation (or down-regulation) of the adaptive immune system, preferably mediated by APCs (including dendritic cells) is used as polycati-onic polymer.
Especially preferred for use as polycationic substance in the present invention are cathelicidin derived antimicrobial peptides or derivatives thereof (A 1416/2000, incorporated herein by ref-erence), especially antimicrobial peptides derived from mammal cathelicidin, preferably from human, bovine or mouse, or neuroac-tive compounds, such as (human) growth hormone.
Polycationic compound's derived from natural sources include HIV-REV or HIV-TAT (derived cationic peptides, antennapedia peptides, chitosan or other derivatives of chitin) or other peptides de-rived from these peptides or proteins by biochemical or.recombi-nant production. Other preferred polycationic compounds are cathelin or related or derived substances from cathelin. For ex-ample, mouse cathelin is a peptide which has the amino acid se-quence NHZ-RLAGLLRKGGEKIGEKLKKIGOKIKNFFQKLVPQPE-C00H. Related or derived cathelin substances contain the whole or parts of the cathelin sequence with at least 15-20 amino acid residues. Deri-vations may include the substitution or modification of the natu-ral amino acids by amino acids which are not among the 20 standard amino acids. Moreover, further cationic residues may be introduced into such cathelin molecules. These cathelin molecules are preferred to be combined with the antigen and the immunogenic ODN according to the present invention. However, these cathelin molecules surprisingly have turned out to be also effective as an adjuvant for a antigen without the addition of further adjuvants.
It is therefore possible to use such cathelin molecules as effi-cient adjuvants in vaccine formulations with or without further immunactivating substances.
Another preferred polycationic substance to be used according to the present invention is a synthetic peptide containing at least 2 KLK-motifs separated by a linker of 3 to 7 hydrophobic amino acids (A 1789/2000, incorporated herein by reference).
It was very surprising that the immunostimulating effect of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention was significantly higher than it could be expected from the addition of the effects of each single component or even the addition of the effects of the ODN or the polycation with the antigen.
B and E in formula I are common groups for 5' and/or 3' ends of nucleic acid molecules. Examples for such groups are readily available for the skilled man in the art (see e.g. "Oligonucleo-tides and Analogues - A Practical Approach" (1991), ed.Eckstein, Oxford University Press). For the I-ODNs according to the present invention B and/or E are preferably selected independently from -H, -CH3,-COCH3, -OH, -CHO, a phosphate, thiophosphate, sulfate or a thiosulfate group, or a phosphoalkylgroup, especially with an alkyl length of C1-C6 and/or with a terminal amino group (the amino group may e.g. be used for further labelling of the I-ODNs according to the present invention, e.g. -PO (CH ) -NH or -PO -4- 2 n 2 4 (CHz)n-NH-Label). Especially preferred as B are nucleosides, espe-cially the 2'deoxynucleotides mentioned above (i.e. without~the phosphate or thiophosphate group). Alternatively these groups may also contain linker groups to other molecules, especially carrier molecules or labels. In such forms of ODNs wherein the ODNs are bound to solid surfaces or particles or labels, these surfaces, particles, labels, etc. are then also part of the B and/or E
groups.
Of course, any ionised (salt) form or tautomeric forms of the molecules according to formula I are included in this formula I.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may further comprise further active ingredients (pharmaceutically active substances), especially substances which are usable in a vaccine connection. Preferred embodiments of such further active ingredients are cytokines, antiinflammatory substances, antimi-crobial substances or combinations thereof.
Of course, the pharmaceutical composition according to the pres-ent invention may further contain auxiliary substances, espe-cially a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, buffer substances, stabilizers or combinations thereof.
The relative amounts of the ingredients in the present pharmaceu-tical composition are highly dependent on the necessities of the individual antigen and on the animal/human to which this composi-tion should be applied to..Therefore, the pharmaceutical composi-tion according to the present invention preferably contains one or more ODNs according to the present invention, preferably 1 pg to 10 g, preferably 1 ng to 1 g, more preferred 100 ng to 10 mg, especially 10 mg to 1 mg. The antigen as well as the polycationic polymer may be applied in similar dosages, a range of 1 to 10,000 mg antigen and 0.1 to 1,000 mg polycation per vaccination is pre-ferred.
The present compositions may be applied to a patient, e.g. avac-cination candidate, in efficient amounts e.g. by weekly, bi-weekly or monthly intervals. Patients to be treated with the pre-sent compositions may also be vaccinated repeatedly or only once.
A preferred use of the present invention is the active immunisa-tion, especially of humans or animals without protection against the specific antigen.
The route of application for the present composition is not critical, e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal or trans-dermal injection is suitable as well as oral uptake.
It is also possible to apply the present composition separatedly e.g. by injecting the immunostimulating substance separatedly from the antigen/polycation composition. The present invention is therefore also directed to a kit comprising a composition con-taining the antigen and the polycationic polymer as one component and a composition containing dhe immunostimulating or chemotactic substance as a second component.
The components may be applied at the same site or time, however, an application at different sites or at a different time or for a different time period is also possible. It is also possible to vary the systemic or local applications of the composition or the components, respectively.
Details of the present invention are described by the following examples and the figures, but the invention is of course not lim-ited thereto.

Fig. 1 shows the immune response against the ovalbumin-derived peptide OVA257-264 after the injection of OVAzs~-zs4~ poly-L-ar, ginine (pR 60) and deoxyinosine I-containing oligodeoxynucleo-tides (I-ODN) or CpG 1668. Mice were injected into the hind footpads with mixtures as indicated. Four days later draining lymph node cells were ex vivo stimulated Wlth OVA257-264' The number of IFN-g-producing cells was determined 24 hours later using an ELISPOT assay. Results are expressed as the number of spots/1x106 lymph node cells.
Fig. 2 shows the induction of systemic TNF-a production after the inj eCtlOn Of OVA257-2s4' poly-L-arginine (pR 60 ) and I-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (I-ODN) or CpG 1668. Mice were injected into the hind footpads with mixtures as indicated. One hour after injection blood was taken from the tail vein and serum was pre-pared. The concentration of TNF-a in the sera was determined us-ing an ELISA.
Fig. 3 shows the immune response against the Ovalbumin-derived peptide OVAzs7-zs4 after the inj ection of OVAzs7-zs4, poly-L-ar-ginine (pR60) and deoxyinosine -containing oligodeoxynucleotides (I-ODN), CpG 1668 or GpC. Mice were injected into the hind foot-pads with mixtures as indicated. Four days later, draining lymph node cells were ex vivo stimulated Wlth OVA257-264 an irrelevant peptide mTRP2181-ssa (murine tyrosinase related protein-2, VYDFFVWL) or pR 60.~The number of IFN-g producing cells was determined 24 hours later using an ELISPOT assay. Results are expressed as the number of spots/1x106 lymph node cells with standard deviation of triplicates.
Fig. 4 shows the induction of systemic TNF-a production after the inj ection of OVAzs7-zs4, poly-L-arginine (pR 60 ) and I-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (I-ODN), GpC or CpG 1668. Mice were in-jected into the hind footpads with mixtures as indicated. One hour after injection blood was taken from the tail vein and serum was prepared. The concentration of TNF-a and IL-6 in the sera was determined using cytokin-specific ELISAs.
Fig. 5 shows the immune response against the Ovalbumin-derived peptide OVA257-264 after the injection of TRP-2, poly-L-arginine, CpG 1668 or random 20-mer sequences containing deoxyinosine. Mice were injected into the hind footpads with mixtures as indicated.
Four days later, draining lymph node cells were ex vivo stimu-lated with TRP-2, an irrelevant peptide OVA ~ or pR 60. The number of IFN-g producing cells was determined 24 hours later us-ing an ELISPOT assay. Results are expressed as the number of spots/1x106 lymph node cells with standard deviation of tripli-cates.
Fig. 6 shows the combined injection of I-ODN and poly-L-arginine (pR 60) together with a Melanoma-derived peptide.
Fig. 7 shows that the combined injection of I-ODN and pR 60 to-gether with a Melanoma-derived peptide reduces the induction of systemic TNF-oc and IL-6.
Fig. 8 shows the combined injection of a random 10-mer I-ODN and pR 60 together with a Melanoma-derived peptide.
Fig. 9 shows that the combined application of ovalbumin (OVA) with oligo-dIC26-mer and pR enhances production of OVA-specific IgG
antibodies. Mice were injected subcutaneously into the footpad with mixtures as indicated. At day 24 and 115 after injection, sera were collected and screened by ELISA for OVA-specific IgG2a (A) and IgG1 (B) antibodies. The results are shown as the anti-body titer.
E X A M P L E S
In all experiments thiophosphate-substituted ODNs (with thiophos-phate residues substituting for phosphate, hereafter called "thiophosphate substituted oligodeoxynucleotides") were used since such ODNs display higher nuclease resistance (Ballas et al., 1996; Krieg et al., 1995; Parronchi et al., 1999).
Example 1 The combined injection of different I-ODNs and poly-L-arginine (pR 60) synergistically enhances the immune response against an Ovalbumia-derived peptide.
Mice C57BI/6 (Harlan/Olac) Peptide OVAzs7-zsa Peptide (SIINFEKL) , a MHC

class I (H-2Kb)-restricted epitope of chicken ovalbumin (Rotzschke et al., 1991), was synthesized using standard solid phase F-moc chemistry synthesis, HPLC purified and analysed by mass spectroscopy for purity.

Dose: 300 mg/mouse Poly-L-arginine60 (pR60) Poly-L-arginine with an average degree of polymerization of 60 arginine residues; SIGMA chemi-cals Dose: 100mg/mouse CpG-ODN 1668 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing a CpG motif:

tcc ata acg ttc ctg atg ct, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.

Dose: 5 nmol/mouse I-ODN 1 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine:

tcc ati aci ttc ctg atg ct, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.

Dose: 5nmol/mouse I-ODN 2 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine:

tcc atg aci ttc ctg atg ct, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.

Dose: 5nmo1/mouse I-ODN 3 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine:
tcc ati aci ttc cti ati ct., were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse Experimental groups (5 mice per group) 1. OVA

2. OVA + pR

ZS~-264 3 0VA + CpG
. 16 4. 0VA + I-ODN 1 OVA + I-ODN 2 .

zs~-264 6. 0VA + I-ODN 3 z57-264 7. OVA + CpG + 60 1668 pR

ZS7-zs4 8 0VA + I-ODN 1 pR 6 . + 0 9. OVA + I-ODN 2 pR 60 +

zs7-X64 OVAZS7-264+ I-ODN 3 pR 6 . + 0 On day 0 mice were injected into each hind footpad with a total volume of 100 ml (50 ml per footpad) containing the above men-tioned compounds. Animals. were sacrificed 4 days after injection and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested. Lymph nodes were passed through a 70 mm cell strainer and washed twice with DMEM me-dium (GIBCO BRL) containing 5o fetal calf serum (FCS, SIGMA
chemicals). Cells were adjusted to 3x106ce11s/ml in DMEM/5o/FCS.
An IFN-g ELISPOT assay was carried out in triplicates as de-scribed (Miyahira et al., 1995). This method is.a widely used procedure allowing the quantification of antigen-specific T
cells. Lymphocytes were stimulated ex vivo with medium back-ground-control, OVAZS~-z64-peptide or Concanavalin A (Con A). Spots representing single IFN-g producing T cells were counted and the number of background spots was substracted from all samples. The high number of spots detected after the stimulation with Con A
(data not shown) indicate a good condition of the used lympho-cytes. For each experimental group of mice the number of spots/1x106 cells are illustrated in Figure 1.
One hour after injection blood was taken from the tail vein and serum was prepared to determine the induction of systemic TNF-a using an ELISA (Figure 2).
Example 2 The exchange of Guanosine by desoxy-=nosine converts the non-im-munogeneic GpC-sequence to a highly immunogeneic one, especially when combined with poly-L-arginine (pR60).
Mice C57B1/6 (Harlan/Olac) Peptide OVA257-264 Peptide (SIINFEKL) , a MHC class I

(H-2Kb)-restricted epitope of chicken ovalbumin (Rotzschke et al., 1991), was synthesized using standard solid phase F-moc synthesis, HPLC purified and analysed by mass spectroscopy for purity.

Dose: 300ug/mouse Poly-L-arginine (pR60) Poly-L-arginine with an average degree of polymerization of 60 arginine residues; SIGMA chemicals Dos a : 10 O~.zg/mouse CpG-ODN 1668 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing a CpG motif: tcc ata acg ttc ctg atg ct, were.

synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.

Dose: 5nmol/mouse GpC-ODN thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing an non-immunogeneic GpC motif: tcc atg agc ttc ctg atg ct were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.

Dose: 5nmol/mouse T-ODN 9 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine: tcc atg aic ttc ctg atg ct were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.

Dose: 5nmo1/mouse z-ODN 10 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine: tcc ati aic ttc cti ati ct were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse Experimental (5 mice per group) groups OVA

z s7-z s 4 OVA + pR 60 ZS7 =
as4 OVA + CpG 1668 ZS7_as4 OVA + GpC

2s7-264 OVA + T-ODN 9 OVA + I-ODN 10 OVA + CpG 16 + pR 6 0 OVA + GpC + pR 6 0 OVA + I-ODN 9- pR 6 0 +

z57-264 OVA + I-ODN 10 + pR 60 ZS7-zs4 On day 0 mice were injected into each hind footpad with a total volume of 100.1 (50.1 per footpad) containing the above mentioned compounds. Animals were sacrificed 4 days after injection and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested. Lymph nodes were passed through a 70~.m cell strainer and washed twice with DMEM medium (GIBCO BRL) containing 5o fetal calf serum (FCS, SIGMA chemi-cals). Cells were adjusted to 3x106cells/ml in DMEM/5oFCS. An IFN-g ELISPOT assay was carried out in riplicates as de-scribed (Miyahira et al., 1995). This method is a widely used procedure allowing the quantification of antigen-specific T
cells. Lymphocytes were stimulated ex vivo in triplicates with medium (background), OVA -peptide, an irrelevant peptide mTRP-' 2 (murine tyrosinase related protein-2, VYDFFVWL), pR 60 and Concanavalin A (Con A). Spots representing single IFN-g producing T cells were counted and the number of background spots was sub-stracted from all samples. The high number of spots detected af-ter the stimulation with Con A (data not shown) indicate a good condition of the used lymphocytes. For each experimental group of mice the number of spots/1x106 cells are illustrated in Figure 3, the standard deviation of ex vivo-stimulated triplicates are given. One hour after injection blood was taken from the tail vein and serum was prepared to determine the induction of sys-temic TNF-a and IL-6 using cytokine-specific ELISAs (Figure 4).

Example 3:
The combined injection of random 20-mer seguences containing de-oxyinosine and a Melanoma-derived peptide induces a strong immune response against the peptide which can be further enhanced by the co-application of poly-L-arginine (pR 60).
Mice C57B1/6 (Harlan/Olac) Peptide TRP-2-peptide (VYDFFVWL), a MHC class I
(H-2Kb)-restricted epitope of mouse tyrosinase related protein-2 (Bllom et al., 1997) was synthesized by standard solid phase F-moc synthesis, HPLC purified and analyzed by mass spectroscopy for purity.
Dose: 300ug/mouse Poly-L-arginine 60 (pR60) Poly-L-arginine with an average degree of polymerization of 60 arginine residues; SIGMA chemicals Dose: 100ug/mouse CpG-ODN 1668 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing a CpG motif: tcc at~a ttc ctg atg ct; were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse wdi thiophosphate substituted ODNs: nhh hhh wdi nhh hhh hhh wn were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse wdidin thiophosphate substituted ODNs: nhh hhh wdi nhh hhh hhh wn were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse wdid thiophosphate substituted ODNs: nhh hhh wdi dhh hhh hhh wn were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse wdidid thiophosphate substituted ODNs: nhh wdi did hhh hdi ddi dh were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse Experimental groups (5 mice per group) 1. TRP-2 2. TRP-2 + pR 60 3..TRP-2 + CpG 1668 4. TRP-2 + wdi 5. TRP-2 + wdidin 6. TRP-2 + wdid 7. TRP-2 + wdidid 8 . TRP-2 + CpG 16 6 8 + pR 6 0 .
9. TRP-2 + wdi + pR 60 10.TRP-2 + wdidin + pR 60 11.TRP-2 + wdid + pR 60 12.TRP-2 + wdidid + pR 60 On day 0 mice were injected into each hind footpad with a total volume of 100~.z1 (50~.~.1 per footpad) containing the above mentioned compounds. Animals were sacrificed 4 days after injection and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested. Lymph nodes were passed through a 70~m cell strainer and washed twice with DMEM medium (GIBCO BRL) containing 5o fetal calf serum (FCS, SIGMA chemi-cals). Cells were adjusted to 3x106cells/ml in DMEM/5~FCS. An IFN-g ELISPOT assay was carried out in triplicates as de-scribed (Miyahira et al., 1995). This method is a widely used procedure allowing the quantification of antigen-specific T
cells. Lymphocytes were stimulated ex vivo in triplicates with medium (background) , TRP-2-peptide, an irrelevant OVAZ$~-~s4-pep tide, pR 60 and Concanavalin A (Con A). Spots representing single IFN-g producing T cells were counted and the number of background spots was substracted from all samples. The high number of spots detected after the stimulation with Con A (data not shown) indi-cate a good condition of the used lymphocytes. For each experi-mental group of mice the number of spots/1x106 cells are illustrated in Figure 5, the standard deviation of ex vivo-stimu-lated triplicates are given.

Example 4 The combined injection of I-ODN and poly-L-arginine (pR 60) syn-ergistically enhances the immune response against a Melanoma-de-rived peptide.
Experimental fps (5 mice per group) 1. TRP-2ias-ias 2 . TRP-2isi-2aa + pR 60 3 . TRP-2isi-sea + CpG 1668 4 . TRP-2181-188 + I-ODN 2 5. TRP-2is1-lee + CpG 1668 + pR 60 6. TRP-2iai-ias + I-ODN 2 + pR 60 On day 0 mice were injected into each hind footpad with a total volume of 100 ~.l (50 ~,l per footpad) containing the above men-tioned compounds. Animals were sacrificed 4 days after injection and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested. Lymph nodes were passed through a 70 ~m cell strainer and washed twicewith DMEM me-dium (GIBCO BRL) containing 5o fetal calf serum (FCS, SIGMA
chemicals). Cells were adjusted to 3x106cells/ml in DMEM/5o/FCS.
An IFN-y ELISPOT assay was carried out in triplicates as de-scribed (Miyahira et al., 1995). This method is a widely used procedure allowing the quantification of antigen-specific T
cells. Lymphocytes were stimulated ex vivo in triplicates with medium background-control, TRP-21a~-ass-peptide, an irrelevant OVA257-264 peptide and Concanavalin A (Con A). Spots representing single IFN-y producing T cells were counted and the number of background spots was substracted from all samples. The high num-ber of spots detected after the stimulation with Con A (data not shown) indicate a good condition of the used lymphocytes. For each experimental group of mice the number of spots/1x106 cells are.illustrated in Figure 6, the standard deviation of ex vivo-stimulated triplicates are given.
One hour after injection blood was taken from the tail vein and serum was prepared to determine the induction of systemic TNF-oc and IL-6 using specific ELISAs (Figure 7).

Example 5 The combined injection of random 10-mer I-ODN and poly-L-arginine (pR 60) synergistically enhances the immune response against a Melanoma-derived peptide.
Experimental groups (5 mice per group) 1.TRP-2lai-iss 2 TRP-2iai-iaapR 6 . +

3 TRP-2iai-iaaCpG 1668 . +

4.TRP-2lai-aasODN 17 +

TRP-2lai-iasCpG 16 6 8 +
. + pR 6 0 6.TRP-2isi-iaaODN 17 + pR 60 +

On day 0 mice were injected into each hind footpad with a total volume of 100 ~.1 (50 ~.l per footpad) containing the above men-tioned compounds. Animals were sacrificed 4 days after injection and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested. Lymph nodes were passed thxough a 70 ~.tm cell strainer and washed twice with DMEM me-dium (GIBCO BRL) containing 5o fetal calf serum (FCS, SIGMA
chemicals). Cells were adjusted to 3x106ce11s/ml in DMEM/5o/FCS.
An IFN-y ELISPOT assay was carried out in triplicates as de-scribed (Miyahira et al., 1995). This method is a widely used procedure allowing the quantification of antigen-specific T
cells. Lymphocytes were stimulated ex vivo in triplicates with medium background-control, TRP-21e1-~aa-peptide, an irrelevant OVA~57_264-peptide and Concanavalin A (Con A). Spots representing single IFN-y producing T cells were counted and the number of background spots was substracted from all samples. The high num-ber of spots detected after the stimulation with Con A (data not shown) indicate a good condition of the used lymphocytes. For each experimental group of mice the number of spots/1x106 cells are illustrated in Figure 8, the standard deviation of ex vivo-stimulated triplicates are given.

Mice C57B1/6 (Harlan/Olac) Peptide TRP-2-peptide (VYDFFVWL), a MHC

class I (H-2Kb)-restricted epi-tope of mouse tyrosinase related protein-2 (Bllom et al., 1997) was synthesized by standard solid phase F-moc synthesis, HPLC puri-fied and analyzed by mass spec-troscopy for purity.

Dose: 100~.g/mouse Poly-L-arginine60 (pR60) Poly-L-arginine with an average degree of polymerization of 60 arginine residues;. SIGMA chemi-cals Dose: 100~.g/mouse CpG-ODN 1668 thiophosphate substituted ODNs Containing a CpG motif:

tcc atg acg ttc Ctg atg Ct, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.

Dose: 5 nmol/mouse ODN 17 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine:

hhh wdi dhh h, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottingen.

(h = CAT, w = AT, d = GAT) Dose: 10 nmol/mouse Mice C57B1/6 (Harlan/Olac) Peptide TRP-2-peptide (VYDFFVWL), a MHC
Class I (H-2Kb)-restricted epi-tope of mouse tyrosinase related protein-2 (Bllom et al.,, 1997) was synthesized by standard solid phase F-moc synthesis, HPLC puri-fied and analyzed by mass,speC-troscopy for purity.
Dose: 100~.g/mouse Poly-L-arginine60 (pR60) Poly-L-arginine with an average degree of polymerization of 60 arginine residues; SIGMA chemi-cals Dose : 100~..1.g/mouse CpG-ODN 1668 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing a CpG motif:
tCC atg acg~ ttc ctg atg ct, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.
Dose: 5 nmol/mouse I-ODN 2 thiophosphate substituted ODNs containing deoxyinosine:
tcc atg aci ttc Ctg atg ct, were synthesized by NAPS GmbH, Gottin-gen.
Dose: 5nmol/mouse Example .6 The combined application of oligo-deoxyICas-mer and poly-L-arginine (pR) enhances the ovalbumin (OVA)-specific humoral response.
Mice C57B1/6 (Harlan/0lac) Ovalbumin (OVA) Ovalbumin from chicken egg, grade V, SIGMA Chemicals, A-5503, Lot 54H7070 Dose: 50 ~.g/mouse Poly-L-arginine (pR) Poly-L-arginine with an average de-gree of polymerization of 60 ar-ginine residues; SIGMA. Chemicals, P-4663, Lot 68H5903 Dose: 100 ~g/mouse Oligo-deo,xy IC, 26-mer oligo-dICas-mer was synthesized by (oligo-dIC2s-mer) standard phosphoamidide chemistry on a 4 ~zmol scale and purified by HPLC
(NAPS Gottingen, Germany) Dose: 5 nmol/mouse Experimental groups (4 mice per group) 1. OVA + 011.g0-dICzs-mer + pR
2. OVA + 011g0-dICzs_mer 3. OVA + pR
4. OVA
On day 0, mice were injected into each hind footpad with a total volume of 100u1 (50.1 per footpad) containing the above listed compounds. On day 24 after injection, serum was collected and screened by ELISA for the presence of OVA-specific antibodies.
These results show that the injection of OVA in combination with oligo-dIC and pR enhanced the production of OVA-specific IgG an-tibodies when compared with injection of OVA with each of the substances alone (Figure 13A, B). Interestingly, titers of both IgG2a and IgG1 were increased upon one single injection of OVA
with oligo-dIC/pR, implying that both Th1 and Th2 cells were in-volved. However, after 115 days only the increased~IgG2a levels were still detectable in sera of mice injected with OVA and oligo-dIC/pR.
These data demonstrate that the combined injection of OVA with oligo-dIC and pR enhances the OVA-specific humoral response. This response is characterized by the production of both Th1- and Th2-induced antibody isotypes in the early phase, but later, mainly by Th1-induced antibodies.

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Claims (16)

1 . Use of an oligodeoxynucleic acid molecule (ODN) having the structure according to formula (I) any X is O or S, wherein any NMP is a 2' deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophos-phate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, de-oxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycytosine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-, deoxypseudouridine-, deoxyribosepurine-, 2-amino-deoxyribosepu-rine-, 6-S-deoxyguanine-, 2-dimethyl-deoxyguanosine- or N-isopen-tenyl-deoxyadenosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphat, NUC is a 2' deoxynucleoside, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, decxyguanosine-, deoxyinosine-, deoxycyto-sine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-, deoxypseudouridine-,deoxyribosepurine-, 2-amino-deoxyribosepurine-, 6-S-deoxyguanine-, 2-dimethyl-deoxy-guanosine- or N-isopentenyl-deoxyadenosine, a and b are integers from 0 to 100 with the proviso that a + b is between a and 150, B and E are common groups for 5' or 3' ends of nucleic acid mole-cules, for preparing an immunostimulatory pharmaceutical composition.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein any NMP is selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxyguanosine-, deoxyi-nosine-, deoxycytosine-, deoxyuridine-, deoxythymidine-, 2-methyl-deoxyinosine-, 5-methyl-deoxycytosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a + b is between 10 and 60, preferably between 15 and 40.
4. Use according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one of X1 and X2 is S and at least one of X3 and X4 is O
and preferably any NMP is a nucleoside-monochiophosphate.
5. use according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said ODN contains the sequence hhh wdi dhh h nhh hhh wdi nhh hhh hhh wn, nhh wdi din hhh hdi ndi nh, nhh hhh wdi dhh hhh hhh wn or nhh wdi did hhh hdi ddi dh, wherein any n is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting or deoxyadenosine-, deoxy-guanosine-, deoxycytosine- or deoxythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, any h is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxycyto-sine- or deoxythymidine-moonophosphate or -monothiophosphate i is deoxyinosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, any w is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine- or de-oxythymidine-monophosphate on -monothiophosphate, and any d is a 2'-deoxynucleoside monophosphate or monothiophosphate, selected from the group consisting of deoxyadenosine-, deoxy-guanosine- or deoxythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate.
6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said ODN contains at least one 2'deoxycytosine-monohhosphate or -monothiophosphate 3'-adjacent to a 2'-deoxyinosine-monophos-phate or -monothiophosphate.
7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said ODN contains the sequence gacitt, iacitt, gaictt, iaictt, wherein a is deoxyadenosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, g is deoxyguanosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, i is deoxyinosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate, c is deoxycytosine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate and t is deoxythymidine-monophosphate or -monothiophosphate.
8. Use according to silly one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said ODN contains the sequence wdi, wdid, wdidin or, wdidid, wherein w, d, i and n are defined as above.
9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that B and E are selected independently from the group consisting of -H, -CH3, -COH, -COCH3, -OH, -CHO, -PO4, -PSO3, -PS2O2, -PS3O, -PS4, -SO3, -PO4- (CH2)1-6 -NH2 or -PO4- (CH2)1-6 -NH-Label.
10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said immunostimulatory pharmaceutical composition is a vac-cine.
11. Pharmaceutical composition comprising an ODN as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.
12. Pharmaceutical composition comprising - an ODN as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9 and - an antigen.
13. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it further comprises a polycationic poly-mer, preferably a polycationic peptide, especially polyarginine, polylysine or an antimicrobial peptide, especially a catheli-cidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, ar a growth hormone, espe-cially a human growth hormone.
14. Pharmaceutical composition according to ary one of claims 11 to 13 further comprising further active ingredients, especially cytokines, antiinflammatory substances, antimicrobial substances or combinations thereof.
15. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it further contains auxiliary sub-stances, especially a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, buffer substances, stabilizers or combinations thereof.
16. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that it contains 1 ng to 1 g, preferably 100 ng to 10 mg, especially 10 mg to 1 mg, of one or more ODNs according to any one of claim 1 to 9.
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