CA2416602C - Nucleotide sequences of a new class of diverged delta-9 stearoyl-acp desaturase genes - Google Patents

Abstract

An isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase is disclosed. Also the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase is disclosed, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in a transformed host cell.

Description

TITLE

STEAROYL-ACP DESATURASE GENES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is relates to the field of plant molecular biology and, in particular, to nucleic acid fragments encoding a diverged delta-9 fatty acid io desaturase in plants and seeds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Soybean oil accounts for about 70% of the 14 billion pounds of edible oil consumed in the United States and is a major edible oil worldwide. It is used in baking, frying, salad dressing, margarine, and a multitude of processed foods.
In 1s 1987/88 60 million acres of soybean were planted in the U.S. Soybean is the lowest-cost producer of vegetable oil, which is a by-product of soybean meal.
Soybean is agronomically well-adapted to many parts of the U.S. Machinery and facilities for harvesting, storing, and crushing are widely available across the U.S.
Soybean products are also a major element of foreign trade since 30 million metric 20 tons of soybeans, 25 million metric tons of soybean meal, and I billion pounds of soybean oil were exported in 1987/88. Nevertheless, increased foreign competition has lead to recent declines in soybean acreage and production. The low cost and ready availability of soybean oil provides an excellent opportunity to upgrade this commodity oil into higher value speciality oils to both add value to soybean crop for 25 the U.S. farmer and enhance U.S. trade.
Soybean oil derived from commercial varieties is composed primarily of 11 %
palmitic (16:0), 4% stearic (18:0), 24% oleic (18:1), 54% linoleic (18:2) and 7%
linolenic (18:3) acids. Palmitic and stearic acids are, respectively, 16- and 18-carbon-long saturated fatty acids. Oleic, linoleic and linolenic are 18-carbon-long 30 unsaturated fatty acids containing one, two and three double bonds, respectively.
Oleic acid is also referred to as a monounsaturated fatty acid, while linoieic and linolenic acids are also referred to as polyunsaturated fatty acids. The specific performance and health attributes of edible oils is determined largely by their fatty acid composition.
35 Soybean oil is high in saturated fatty acids when compared to other sources of vegetable oil and contains a low proportion of oleic acid, relative to the total fatty acid content of the soybean seed. These characteristics do not meet important health needs as defined by the American Heart Association.
More recent research efforts have examined the role that monounsaturated fatty acid plays in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. In the past, it was believed that monounsaturates, in contrast to saturates and polyunsaturates, had no effect on serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk. Several recent human clinical studies suggest that diets high in monounsaturated fat may reduce the "bad" (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol while maintaining the "good"
(high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. [See Mattson et at. (1985) Journal of Lipid to Research 26:194-202, Grundy (1986) New England Journal of Medicine 314:745-748, and Mensink et al. (1987) The Lancet 1:122-125.]
These results corroborate previous epidemiological studies of people living in Mediterranean countries where a relatively high intake of monounsaturated fat and low consumption of saturated fat correspond with low coronary heart disease mortality. [Keys, A., Seven Countries: A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.] The significance of monounsaturated fat in the diet was further confirmed by international researchers from seven countries at the Second Colloquim on Monounsaturated Fats held February 26, 1987, in Bethesda, MD, and sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institutes [Report, Monounsaturates Use Said to Lower Several Major Risk Factors, Food Chemical News, March 2, 1987, p.44].

Soybean oil is also relatively high in polyunsaturated fatty acids -- at levels in far excess of our essential dietary requirement. These fatty acids oxidize readily to give off-flavors and result in reduced performance associated with unprocessed soybean oil. The stability and flavor of soybean oil is improved by hydrogenation, which chemically reduces the double bonds. However, the need for this processing reduces the economic attractiveness of soybean oil.
A soybean oil low in total saturates and polyunsaturates and high in monounsaturate would provide significant health benefits to the United States population, as well as, economic benefit to oil processors. Soybean varieties which produce seeds containing the improved oil will also produce valuable meal as animal feed.
Another type of differentiated soybean oil is an edible fat for confectionary uses. More than 2 billion pounds of cocoa butter, the most expensive edible oil, are produced worldwide. The U.S. imports several hundred million dollars worth of cocoa butter annually. The high and volatile prices and uncertain supply of cocoa butter have encouraged the development of cocoa butter substitutes. The fatty acid composition of cocoa butter is 26% palmitic, 34% stearic, 35% oleic and 3%
linoleic acids. About 72% of cocoa butter's triglycerides have the structure in which saturated fatty acids occupy positions I and 3 and oleic acid occupies position 2.
Cocoa butter's unique fatty acid composition and distribution on the triglyceride molecule confer on it properties eminently suitable for confectionary end-uses: it is brittle below 27 C and depending on its crystalline state, melts sharply at 25-or 35-36 C. Consequently, it is hard and non-greasy at ordinary temperatures and io melts very sharply in the mouth. It is also extremely resistant to rancidity. For these reasons, producing soybean oil with increased levels of stearic acid, especially in soybean lines containing higher-than-normal levels of palmitic acid, and reduced levels of unsaturated fatty acids is expected to produce a cocoa butter substitute in soybean. This will add value to oil and food processors as well as reduce the foreign import of certain tropical oils.
Only recently have serious efforts been made to improve the quality of soybean oil through plant breeding, especially mutagenesis, and a wide range of fatty acid composition has been discovered in experimental lines of soybean (Table 1). These findings (as well as those with other oilcrops) suggest that the fatty acid composition of soybean oil can be significantly modified without affecting the agronomic performance of a soybean plant. However, there is no soybean mutant line with levels of saturates less than those present in commercial canola, the major competitor to soybean oil as a "healthy" oil.

TABLE I
Range of Fatty Acid Percentages Produced by Soybean Mutants Range of Fatty Acids Percentages.
Palmitic Acid 6-28 Stearic Acid 3-30 Oleic Acid 17-50 Linoleic Acid 35-60 Linolenic Acid 3-12 There are serious limitations to using mutagenesis to alter fatty acid composition. It is unlikely to discover mutations a) that result in a dominant ("gain-of-function") phenotype, b) in genes that are essential for plant growth, and c) in an enzyme that is not rate-limiting and that is encoded by more than one gene.
Even when some of the desired mutations are available in soybean mutant lines their introgression into elite lines by traditional breeding techniques will be slow and expensive, since the desired oil compositions in soybean are most likely to involve several recessive genes.
Recent molecular and cellular biology techniques offer the potential for overcoming some of the limitations of the mutagenesis approach, including the need for extensive breeding. Particularly useful technologies are: a) seed-specific io expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants [see Goldberg et al.(1989) Ce/I
56:149-160], b) use of antisense RNA to inhibit plant target genes in a dominant and tissue-specific manner [see van der Krol et al. (1988) Gene 72:45-50], c) transfer of foreign genes into elite commercial varieties of commercial oilcrops, such as soybean [Chee et al. (1989) Plant Physiol. 91:1212-1218; Christou et al.
(1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:7500-7504; Hinchee et al. (1988) Bio/Technology 6:915-922; EPO publication 0 301 749 A2], rapeseed [De Block et al. (1989) Plant Physiol. 91:694-701], and sunflower [Everett et al.(1 987) Bio/Technology 5:1201-1204], and d) use of genes as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in a breeding program, which makes introgression of recessive traits into elite lines rapid and less expensive [Tanksley et al.
(1989) Bio/Technology 7:257-264]. However, application of each of these technologies requires identification and isolation of commercially-important genes.
Oil biosynthesis in plants has been fairly well-studied [see Harwood (1989) in Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Vol. 8(1):1-43]. The biosynthesis of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids occur in the plastids by the interplay of three key enzymes of the "ACP track": palmitoyl-ACP elongase, stearoyl-ACP desaturase and acyl-ACP
thioesterase. Stearoyl-ACP desaturase introduces the first double bond on stearoyl-ACP to form oleoyl-ACP. It is pivotal in determining the degree of unsaturation in vegetable oils. Because of its key position in fatty acid biosynthesis it is expected to be an important regulatory step. While the enzyme's natural substrate is stearoyl-ACP, it has been shown that it can, like its counterpart in yeast and mammalian cells, desaturate stearoyl-CoA, albeit poorly [McKeon et al.
(1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257:12141-12147]. The fatty acids synthesized in the plastid are exported as acyl-CoA to the cytoplasm. At least three different glycerol acylating enzymes (glycerol-3-P acyltransferase, 1-acyl-glycerol-3-P acyltransferase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase) incorporate the acyl moieties from the cytoplasm into triglycerides during oil biosynthesis. These acyltransferases show a strong, but not absolute, preference for incorporating saturated fatty acids at positions 1 and 3 and monounsaturated fatty acid at position 2 of the triglyceride. Thus, altering the fatty acid composition of the acyl pool will drive by mass action a corresponding change in the fatty acid composition of the oil. Furthermore, there is experimental evidence that, because of this specificity, given the correct composition of fatty acids, plants can produce cocoa butter substitutes [Bafor et at. (1990) JAOCS 67:217-225].
Based on the above discussion, one approach to altering the levels of stearic and oleic acids in vegetable oils is by altering their levels in the cytoplasmic acyl-CoA pool used for oil biosynthesis. There are two ways of doing this io genetically: a) altering the biosynthesis of stearic and oleic acids in the plastid by modulating the levels of stearoyl-ACP desaturase in seeds through either overexpression or antisense inhibition of its gene, and b) converting stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA in the cytoplasm through the expression of the stearoyl-ACP
desaturase in the cytoplasm.
In order to use antisense inhibition of stearoyl-ACP desaturase in the seed, it is essential to isolate the gene(s) or cDNA(s) encoding the target enzyme(s) in the seed, since antisense inhibition requires a high-degree of complementarity between the antisense RNA and the target gene that is expected to be absent in stearoyl-ACP desaturase genes from other species.
The purification and nucleotide sequences of mammalian microsomal stearoyl-CoA desaturases have been published [Thiede et al. (1986) J. Biol.
Chem.
262:13230-13235; Ntambi et at. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:17291-17300; Kaestner et at. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:14755-14761]. However, the plant enzyme differs from them in being soluble, in utilizing a different electron donor, and in its substrate-specificities. The purification and the nucleotide sequences for animal enzymes do not teach how to purify the plant enzyme or isolate a plant gene.
The purification of stearoyl-ACP desaturase was reported from safflower seeds [McKeon et at. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257:12141-12147]. However, this purification scheme was not useful for soybean, either because the desaturases are different or because of the presence of other proteins such as the soybean seed storage proteins in seed extracts.
The rat liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase protein has been expressed in E. coli [Strittmatter et at. (1988) J. Blot. Chem. 263:2532-2535] but, as mentioned above, its substrate specificity and electron donors are quite distinct from that of the plant.
Plant stearoyl-ACP desaturase cDNAs have been cloned from soybean [U.S.
Patent No. 5,760,206 1, safflower [Thompson et at. (1991) , Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci.
88:2578], castor [Shanklin and Somerville (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:2510-2514], and cucumber [Shanklin et at. (1991) Plant Physiol. 97:467-468]. Kutzon et at. [(1992) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. 89:2624-2648] have reported that rapeseed stearoyl-ACP desaturase when expressed in Brassica rapa and B. napa in an antisense orientation can result in increase in 18:0 level in transgenic seeds. All of the reported genes have 59-80%
identity to each other at the nucleotide and polypeptide level.
U.S. Patent No. 5,723,595, issued to Thompson et at. on March 3, 1998, describes stearoyl-ACP desaturases from castor and safflower.
U.S. Patent No. 5,443,974, issued to Hitz et at., on August 22, 1995, io describes soybean stearoyl-ACP desaturase.
U.S. Patent No. 5,760,206, issued to Hitz et at, on June 2, 1998, describes soybean stearoyl-ACP desaturase.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having delta-9 fatty acid desaturase activity that has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16, or (b) the complement of the nucleotide sequence.
In a second embodiment, it is preferred that the isolated polynucleotide of the claimed invention comprises a nucleotide sequence which comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15 that codes for a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16.
In a third embodiment, this invention relates to a chimeric gene comprising an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention operably linked to at least one suitable regulatory sequence.
In a fourth embodiment, the present invention concerns an isolated host cell comprising a chimeric construct of the present invention or an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention. The host cell may be eukaryotic, such as a yeast or a plant cell, or prokaryotic, such as a bacterial cell.
In a fifth embodiment, the invention also relates to a process for producing an isolated host cell comprising a chimeric construct of the present invention or an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention, the process comprising either transforming or transfecting an isolated compatible host cell with a chimeric gene or isolated polynucleotide of the present invention.

In a sixth embodiment, the invention concerns a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide of at least 400 amino acids comprising at least 80%
identity based on the Clustal method of alignment compared to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ. ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16.
In an seventh embodiment, the invention relates to a method of selecting an isolated polynucleotide that affects the level of expression of a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide or enzyme activity in a host cell, preferably a plant cell, the method comprising the steps of: (a) constructing an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention or an isolated chimeric construct of the present invention;
io (b) introducing the isolated polynucleotide or the isolated chimeric cxonstruct into a host cell; (c) measuring the level of the diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide or enzyme activity in the host cell containing the isolated polynucleotide;
and (d) comparing the level of the diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide or enzyme activity in the host cell containing the isolated polynucleotide with the level of the diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide or enzyme activity in the host cell that does not contain the isolated polynucleotide.
In an eighth embodiment, the invention concerns a method of obtaining a nucleic acid fragment encoding a substantial portion of a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide, preferably a plant diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide, comprising the steps of: synthesizing an oligonucleotide primer comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least one of 30 (preferably at least one of 40, most preferably at least one of 60) contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15, and the complement of such nucleotide sequences; and amplifying a nucleic acid fragment (preferably a cDNA inserted in a cloning vector) using the oligonucleotide primer. The amplified nucleic acid fragment preferably will encode a substantial portion of a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase amino acid sequence.
In a ninth embodiment, this invention relates to a method of obtaining a nucleic acid fragment encoding all or a substantial portion of the amino acid sequence encoding a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide comprising the steps of: probing a cDNA or genomic library with an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention; identifying a DNA clone that hybridizes with an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention; isolating the identified DNA clone;
and sequencing the cDNA or genomic fragment that comprises the isolated DNA clone.
In a tenth embodiment, this invention relates to a method of obtaining a nucleic acid fragment encoding all or a substantial portion of the amino acid sequence encoding a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide comprising the steps of: probing a cDNA or genomic library with an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention; identifying a DNA clone that hybridizes with an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention; isolating the identified DNA clone;
introducing said clone into a construct for expression in a bacteria or yeast;
and assaying for delta-9 desaturase activity in the bacteria or yeast.
In an eleventh embodiment, this invention relates to a method of identifying an isolated polynucleotide that encodes a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase comprising the steps of: determining an amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by the isolated DNA; determining if the amino acid sequence comprises at least two io amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of HSMPPEK
corresponding to amino acids 67-73 of SEQ ID NO:2, LPLLKPVE corresponding to amino acids 89-96 of SEQ ID NO:2, EYFWLVGDM corresponding to amino acids 132-141 of SEQ ID NO:2, EKTV corresponding to amino acids 205-208 of SEQ ID
NO:2, GMDPGT corresponding to amino acids 215-220 of SEQ ID NO:2, NNPYLGFVYTSFQERAT corresponding to amino acids 222-238 of SEQ ID NO:2, VLAR corresponding to amino acids 256-259 of SEQ ID NO:2, RIVE corresponding to amino acids 277-280 of SEQ ID NO:2, ITMPAHL corresponding to amino acids 302-308 of SEQ ID NO:2, or DFVCGLA corresponding to amino acids 364-370 of SEQ ID NO:2.
In an twelfth embodiment, this invention relates to a method of identifying an isolated polynucleotide that encodes a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase comprising the steps of: determining the polypeptide sequence by one of the aforementioned methods; determining that the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide does not contain at least one of the following amino acid sequences KEIPDDYFWLVGDMITEEALPTYQTMLNT corresponding to positions 116-145 of SEQ ID NO:23; or DYADILEFLVGRWK corresponding to positions 324-337 of SEQ
ID NO:23.
In an thirteenth embodiment, this invention relates to a method of altering the level of expression of a diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in a host cell comprising: (a) transforming a host cell with a chimeric construct of the present invention; and (b) growing the transformed host cell under conditions that are suitable for expression of the chimeric construct wherein expression of the chimeric construct results in production of altered levels of the a diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in the transformed host cell.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE
DRAWINGS AND SEQUENCE LISTINGS
The invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings and Sequence Listing which form a part of this application.
Figure 1 shows a comparison of the amino acid stearoyl-ACP desaturase sequences of the soybean enzyme [SEQ ID NO:2], corn [SEQ ID NOs:10 and 12], rice [SEQ ID NOs:14 and 16], to the lupine [gi 4704824, SEQ ID NO:17], jojoba [gi 267036, SEQ ID NO:20], Arabidopsis [gi 6957724, SEQ ID NO:21], flax to [gi 3355632, SEQ ID NO:22], and to the soybean stearoyl-ACP desaturase [SEQ
ID
NO:23] found in U.S. Patent No. 5,760,206.
Table 2 lists the polypeptides that are described herein, the designation of the cDNA clones that comprise the nucleic acid fragments encoding polypeptides representing all or a substantial portion of these polypeptides, and the corresponding identifier (SEQ ID NO:) as used in the attached Sequence Listing.
The sequence descriptions and Sequence Listing attached hereto comply with the rules governing nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence disclosures in patent applications as set forth in 37 C.F.R. 1.821-1.825.

Diverged Delta-9 Fatty Acid Desaturase SEQ ID NO:
Protein Clone Designation (Nucleotide) (Amino Acid) Soybean [Glycine max] se6.pk0026.a8 1 2 Corn [Zea mays] cbn10.pk0061.a3 3 4 Corn [Zea mays] contig of: 5 6 cen7f.pk001.k12 cpolc.pk012.n9 cpd l c.pk014.I18 p0103.ciaad8l r p0106.cjlpm88r Rice [Oryza sativa] rdslc.pk007.g19 7 8 Corn [Zea mays] cbn10.pk0061.a3:fis 9 10 Corn [Zea mays] cpolc.pk014.118:fis 11 12 Rice [Oryza sativa] rdslc.pk007.gl9:fis 13 14 Rice [Oryza sativa] rsll n.pk008.j18:fis 15 16 The Sequence Listing contains the one letter code for nucleotide sequence characters and the three letter codes for amino acids as defined in conformity with the IUPAC-IUBMB standards described in Nucleic Acids Res. 13:3021-3030 (1985) and in the Biochemical J. 219 (No. 2):345-373 (1984).
The symbols and format used for nucleotide and amino acid sequence data comply with the rules set forth in 37 C.F.R. 1.822.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A new diverged class of delta-9 steroyl desaturases are disclosed herein.
These desaturases were obtained from soybean, corn, and rice and are less than 60% identical to the previously characterized class. This new diverged class of delta-9 steroyl desaturases still performs the substantially identical biochemical function in plants as the previously characterized class. In addition, evidence is io presented to show that the new class of desaturases may play a more important role in regulating fatty acid synthesis than the previous class.
The terms "diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase", "diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase", or "diverged delta-9 desaturase" are used interchangeably herein and include, but are not limited to, all plant delta-9 stearoyl desaturases that are less than 60% identical to the previously characterized delta-9 stearoyl desaturases (PCT Publication Nos. WO 91/13972 and WO 91/18985). This new diverged class of delta-9 steroyl desaturases still performs the substantially identical biochemical function in plants as the previously characterized class, namely the introduction of a double bond between carbon atoms 9 and 10 of stearoyl-ACP to form oleoyl-ACP.
In the context of this disclosure, a number of terms shall be utilized. The terms "polynucleotide", "polynucleotide sequence", "nucleic acid sequence", and "nucleic acid fragment"/ "isolated nucleic acid fragment" are used interchangeably herein. These terms encompass nucleotide sequences and the like. A
polynucleotide may be a polymer of RNA or DNA that is single- or double-stranded, that optionally contains synthetic, non-natural or altered nucleotide bases. A
polynucleotide in the form of a polymer of DNA may be comprised of one or more segments of cDNA, genomic DNA, synthetic DNA, or mixtures thereof. An isolated polynucleotide of the present invention may include at least one of 30 contiguous nucleotides, preferably at least one of 40 contiguous nucleotides, most preferably one of at least 60 contiguous nucleotides derived from SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15, or the complement of such sequences.
The term "isolated" polynucleotide refers to a polynucleotide that is substantially free from other nucleic acid sequences, such as and not limited to other chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA and RNA. Isolated polynucleotides may be purified from a host cell in which they naturally occur.
Conventional nucleic acid purification methods known to skilled artisans may be used to obtain isolated polynucleotides. The term also embraces recombinant polynucleotides and chemically synthesized polynucleotides. Nucleotides (usually found in their 5'-monophosphate form) are referred to by their single letter designation as follows: "A" for adenylate or deoxyadenylate (for RNA or DNA, respectively), "C" for cytidylate or deoxycytidylate, "G" for guanylate or deoxyguanylate, "U" for uridylate, "T" for deoxythymidylate, "R" for purines (A or G), "Y" for pyrimidines (C or T), "K" for G or T, "H" for A or C or T, "I" for inosine, and "N"
for any nucleotide.
The term "host" refers to any organism, or cell thereof, whether human or non-human into which a recombinant construct can be stably or transiently to introduced in order to alter gene expression in the host.
The term "recombinant" means, for example, that a nucleic acid sequence is made by an artificial combination of two otherwise separated segments of sequence, e.g., by chemical synthesis or by the manipulation of isolated nucleic acids by genetic engineering techniques.
1s As used herein, "contig" refers to a nucleotide sequence that is assembled from two or more constituent nucleotide sequences that share common or overlapping regions of sequence homology. For example, the nucleotide sequences of two or more nucleic acid fragments can be compared and aligned in order to identify common or overlapping sequences. Where common or 20 overlapping sequences exist between two or more nucleic acid fragments, the sequences (and thus their corresponding nucleic acid fragments) can be assembled into a single contiguous nucleotide sequence.
As used herein, "substantially similar" refers to nucleic acid fragments wherein changes in one or more nucleotide bases results in substitution of one or 25 more amino acids, but do not affect the functional properties of the polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence. "Substantially similar" also refers to nucleic acid fragments wherein changes in one or more nucleotide bases does not affect the ability of the nucleic acid fragment to mediate alteration of gene expression by gene silencing through for example antisense or co-suppression technology.
30 "Substantially similar" also refers to modifications of the nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention such as deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides that do not substantially affect the functional properties of the resulting transcript vis-a-vis the ability to mediate gene silencing or alteration of the functional properties of the resulting protein molecule. It is therefore understood that the invention 35 encompasses more than the specific exemplary nucleotide or amino acid sequences and includes functional equivalents thereof. The terms "substantially similar" and "corresponding substantially" are used interchangeably herein.

Substantially similar nucleic acid fragments may be selected by screening nucleic acid fragments representing subfragments or modifications of the nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention, wherein one or more nucleotides are substituted, deleted and/or inserted, for their ability to affect the level of the polypeptide encoded by the unmodified nucleic acid fragment in a plant or plant cell.
For example, a substantially similar nucleic acid fragment representing at least one of 30 contiguous nucleotides derived from the instant nucleic acid fragment can be constructed and introduced into a plant or plant cell. The level of the polypeptide encoded by the unmodified nucleic acid fragment present in a plant or plant cell io exposed to the substantially similar nucleic fragment can then be compared to the 'level of the polypeptide in a plant or plant cell that is not exposed to the substantially similar nucleic acid fragment.
For example, it is well known in the art that antisense suppression and co-suppression of gene expression may be accomplished using nucleic acid fragments representing less than the entire coding region of a gene, and by using nucleic acid fragments that do not share 100% sequence identity with the gene to be suppressed. In a preferred embodiment, it has been found that suitable nucleic sequences and their reverse complement can be used to alter the expression of any homologous, endogensous RNA which is in proximity to the suitable nucleic acid and its reverse complement. This is described in greater detail in Applicant's Assignee's co-pending provisional application having Application No. 60/213961 filed June 23, 2000.
In addition, alterations in a nucleic acid fragment which result in the production of a chemically equivalent amino acid at a given site, but do not effect the functional properties of the encoded polypeptide, are well known in the art.
Thus, a codon for the amino acid alanine, a hydrophobic amino acid, may be substituted by a codon encoding another less hydrophobic residue, such as glycine, or a more hydrophobic residue, such as valine, leucine, or isoleucine.
Similarly, changes which result in substitution of one negatively charged residue for another, such as aspartic acid for glutamic acid, or one positively charged residue for another, such as lysine for arginine, can also be expected to produce a functionally equivalent product. Nucleotide changes which result in alteration of the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the polypeptide molecule would also not be expected to alter the activity of the polypeptide. Each of the proposed modifications is well within the routine skill in the art, as is determination of retention of biological activity of the encoded products. Consequently, an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least one of 30 (preferably at least one of 40, most preferably at least one of 60) contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15, and the complement of such nucleotide sequences may be used in methods of selecting an isolated polynucleotide that affects the expression of a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide in a host cell. A method of selecting an isolated polynucleotide that affects the level of expression of a polypeptide in a virus or in a host cell (eukaryotic, such as plant or yeast, prokaryotic such as bacterial) may comprise the steps of. constructing an isolated polynucleotide of the present invention or an isolated chimeric gene of the present invention; introducing the io isolated polynucleotide or the isolated chimeric gene into a host cell;
measuring the level of a polypeptide or enzyme activity in the host cell containing the isolated polynucleotide; and comparing the level of a polypeptide or enzyme activity in the host cell containing the isolated polynucleotide with the level of a polypeptide or enzyme activity in a host cell that does not contain the isolated polynucleotide.
Moreover, substantially similar nucleic acid fragments may also be characterized by their ability to hybridize. Estimates of such homology are provided by either DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under conditions of stringency as is well understood by those skilled in the art (Names and Higgins, Eds. (1985) Nucleic Acid Hybridisation, IRL Press, Oxford, U.K.). Stringency conditions can be adjusted to screen for moderately similar fragments, such as homologous sequences from distantly related organisms, to highly similar fragments, such as genes that duplicate functional enzymes from closely related organisms. Post-hybridization washes determine stringency conditions. One set of preferred conditions uses a series of washes starting with 6X SSC, 0.5% SDS at room temperature for 15 min, then repeated with 2X SSC, 0.5% SDS at 45 C for 30 min, and then repeated twice with 0.2X SSC, 0.5% SDS at 50 C for 30 min. A more preferred set of stringent conditions uses higher temperatures in which the washes are identical to those above except for the temperature of the final two 30 min washes in 0.2X SSC, 0.5%
SDS was increased to 60 C. Another preferred set of highly stringent conditions uses two final washes in 0.1X SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 C.
Substantially similar nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention may also be characterized by the percent identity of the amino acid sequences that they encode to the amino acid sequences disclosed herein, as determined by algorithms commonly employed by those skilled in this art. Suitable nucleic acid fragments (isolated polynucleotides of the present invention) encode polypeptides that are at least about 70% identical, preferably at least about 80% identical to the amino acid sequences reported herein. Preferred nucleic acid fragments encode amino acid sequences that are about 85% identical to the amino acid sequences reported herein. More preferred nucleic acid fragments encode amino acid sequences that are at least about 90% identical to the amino acid sequences reported herein.
Most preferred are nucleic acid fragments that encode amino acid sequences that are at least about 95% identical to the amino acid sequences reported herein.
Suitable nucleic acid fragments not only have the above identities but typically encode a polypeptide having at least 50 amino acids, preferably at least 100 amino acids, more preferably at least 150 amino acids, still more preferably at least 200 amino acids, and most preferably at least 250 amino acids. Sequence alignments and 1o percent identity calculations were performed using the Megalign program of the LASERGENE bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, WI).
Multiple alignment of the sequences was performed using the Clustal method of alignment (Higgins and Sharp (1989) CAB/OS. 5:151-153) with the default parameters (GAP PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise alignments using the Clustal method were KTUPLE 1, GAP
PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and DIAGONALS SAVED=5.
It should be appreciated by one skilled in the art that genes encoding delta-9 desaturases can be identified in a number of ways. Conserved sequence motifs such as HSMPPEK corresponding to amino acids 67-73 of SEQ ID NO:2, LPLLKPVE corresponding to amino acids 89-96 of SEQ ID NO:2, EYFWLVGDM
corresponding to amino acids 132-141 of SEQ ID NO:2, EKTV corresponding to amino acids 205-208 of SEQ ID NO:2, GMDPGT corresponding to amino acids 215-220 of SEQ ID NO:2, NNPYLGFVYTSFQERAT corresponding to amino acids 222-238 of SEQ ID NO:2, VLAR corresponding to amino acids 256-259 of SEQ ID
NO:2, RIVE corresponding to amino acids 277-280 of SEQ ID NO:2, ITMPAHL
corresponding to amino acids 302-308 of SEQ ID NO:2, or DFVCGLA
corresponding to amino acids 364-370 of SEQ ID NO:2, can be used once several members of a diverged class are identified (as is the case in the present invention).
In addition one can use hybridization, sequencing, and electronic alignment to aid the identification of gene candidates. These approaches can be coupled to assay of the polypeptide activity in bacterial, yeast, or plant host cells. Stable transgenic plants would provide a preferred method of determining the identity of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a delta-9 desaturase.
A "substantial portion" of an amino acid or' nucleotide sequence comprises an amino acid or a nucleotide sequence that is sufficient to afford putative identification of the protein or gene that the amino acid or nucleotide sequence comprises.
Amino acid and nucleotide sequences can be evaluated either manually by one skilled in the art, or by using computer-based sequence comparison and identification tools that employ algorithms such as BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; Altschul et al. (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410; see also www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). In general, a sequence of ten or more contiguous amino acids or thirty or more contiguous nucleotides is necessary in order to putatively identify a polypeptide or nucleic acid sequence as homologous to a known protein or gene. Moreover, with respect to nucleotide sequences, gene-specific oligonucleotide probes comprising 30 or more contiguous nucleotides may be used in sequence-dependent methods of gene identification (e.g., Southern io hybridization) and isolation (e.g., in situ hybridization of bacterial colonies or bacteriophage plaques). In addition, short oligonucleotides of 12 or more nucleotides may be used as amplification primers in PCR in order to obtain a particular nucleic acid fragment comprising the primers. Accordingly, a "substantial portion" of a nucleotide sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence that will afford specific identification and/or isolation of a nucleic acid fragment comprising the sequence. The instant specification teaches amino acid and nucleotide sequences encoding polypeptides that comprise one or more particular plant proteins. The skilled artisan, having the benefit of the sequences as reported herein, may now use all or a substantial portion of the disclosed sequences for purposes known to those skilled in this art. Accordingly, the instant invention comprises the complete sequences as reported in the accompanying Sequence Listing, as well as substantial portions of those sequences as defined above.
"Codon degeneracy" refers to divergence in the genetic code permitting variation of the nucleotide sequence without effecting the amino acid sequence of an encoded polypeptide. Accordingly, the instant invention relates to any nucleic acid fragment comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes all or a substantial portion of the amino acid sequences set forth herein. The skilled artisan is well aware of the "codon-bias" exhibited by a specific host cell in usage of nucleotide codons to specify a given amino acid. Therefore, when synthesizing a nucleic acid fragment for improved expression in a host cell, it is desirable to design the nucleic acid fragment such that its frequency of codon usage approaches the frequency of preferred codon usage of the host cell.
"Synthetic nucleic acid fragments" can be assembled from oligonucleotide building blocks that are chemically synthesized using procedures known to those skilled in the art. These building blocks are ligated and annealed to form larger nucleic acid fragments which may then be enzymatically assembled to construct the entire desired nucleic acid fragment. "Chemically synthesized", as related to a nucleic acid fragment, means that the component nucleotides were assembled in vitro. Manual chemical synthesis of nucleic acid fragments may be accomplished using well established procedures, or automated chemical synthesis can be performed using one of a number of commercially available machines.
Accordingly, the nucleic acid fragments can be tailored for optimal gene expression based on optimization of the nucleotide sequence to reflect the codon bias of the host cell.
The skilled artisan appreciates the likelihood of successful gene expression if codon usage is biased towards those codons favored by the host. Determination of preferred codons can be based on a survey of genes derived from the host cell io where sequence information is available.
"Gene" refers to a nucleic acid fragment that expresses a specific protein, including regulatory sequences preceding (5' non-coding sequences) and following (3' non-coding sequences) the coding sequence. "Native gene" refers to a gene as found in nature with its own regulatory sequences. "Chimeric gene" refers any gene that is not a native gene, comprising regulatory and coding sequences that are not found together in nature. Accordingly, a chimeric gene may comprise regulatory sequences and coding sequences that are derived from different sources, or regulatory sequences and coding sequences derived from the same source, but arranged in a manner different than that found in nature. "Endogenous gene"
refers to a native gene in its natural location in the genome of an organism. A
"foreign-gene" refers to a gene not normally found in the host organism, but that is introduced into the host organism by gene transfer. Foreign genes can comprise native genes inserted into a non-native organism, or chimeric genes. A
"transgene"
is a gene that has been introduced into the genome by a transformation procedure.
"Coding sequence" refers to a nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amino acid sequence. "Regulatory sequences" refer to nucleotide sequences located upstream (5' non-coding sequences), within, or downstream (3' non-coding sequences) of a coding sequence, and which influence the transcription, RNA
processing or stability, or translation of the associated coding sequence.
3o Regulatory sequences may include promoters, translation leader sequences, introns, and polyadenylation recognition sequences.
"Promoter" refers to a nucleotide sequence capable of controlling the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA. In general, a coding sequence is located 3' to a promoter sequence. The promoter sequence consists of proximal and more distal upstream elements, the latter elements often referred to as enhancers. Accordingly, an "enhancer" is a nucleotide sequence which can stimulate promoter activity and may be an innate element of the promoter or a heterologous element inserted to enhance the level or tissue-specificity of a promoter. Promoters may be derived in their entirety from a native gene, or may be composed of different elements derived from different promoters found in nature, or may even comprise synthetic nucleotide segments. It is understood by those skilled in the art that different promoters may direct the expression of a gene in different tissues or cell types, or at different stages of development, or in response to different environmental conditions. Promoters which cause a nucleic acid fragment to be expressed in most cell types at most times are commonly referred to as "constitutive promoters". New promoters of various types useful in plant cells are io constantly being discovered; numerous examples may be found in the compilation by Okamuro and Goldberg (1989) Biochemistry of Plants 15:1-82. It is further recognized that since in most cases the exact boundaries of regulatory sequences have not been completely defined, nucleic acid fragments of different lengths may have identical promoter activity.
"Translation leader sequence" refers to a nucleotide sequence located between the promoter sequence of a gene and the coding sequence. The translation leader sequence is present in the fully processed mRNA upstream of the translation start sequence. The translation leader sequence may affect processing of the primary transcript to mRNA, mRNA stability or translation efficiency.
Examples of translation leader sequences have been described (Turner and Foster (1995) Mol. Biotechnol. 3:225-236).
"3' non-coding sequences" refer to nucleotide sequences located downstream of a coding sequence and include polyadenylation recognition sequences and other sequences encoding regulatory signals capable of affecting mRNA processing or gene expression. The polyadenylation signal is usually characterized by affecting the addition of polyadenylic acid tracts to the 3' end of the mRNA precursor. The use of different 3' non-coding sequences is exemplified by Ingelbrecht et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:671-680.
"RNA transcript" refers to the product resulting from RNA polymerase-catalyzed transcription of a DNA sequence. When the RNA transcript is a perfect complementary copy of the DNA sequence, it is referred to as the primary transcript or it may be a RNA sequence derived from posttranscriptional processing of the primary transcript and is referred to as the mature RNA. "Messenger RNA
(mRNA)"
refers to the RNA that is without introns and that can be translated into polypeptides by the cell. "cDNA" refers to DNA that is complementary to and derived from an mRNA template. The cDNA can be single-stranded or converted to double stranded form using, for example, the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I.

"Sense-RNA" refers to an RNA transcript that includes the mRNA and so can be translated into a polypeptide by the cell. "Antisense RNA" refers to an RNA
transcript that is complementary to all or part of a target primary transcript or mRNA
and that blocks the expression of a target gene (see U.S. Patent No.
5,107,065).
s The complementarity of an antisense RNA may be with any part of the specific nucleotide sequence, i.e., at the 5' non-coding sequence, 3' non coding sequence, introns, or the coding sequence. "Functional RNA" refers to sense RNA, antisense RNA, ribozyme RNA, or other RNA that may not be translated but yet has an effect on cellular processes.
The term "operably linked" refers to the association of two or more nucleic acid fragments on a single polynucleotide so that the function of one is affected by the other. For example, a promoter is operably linked with a coding sequence when it is capable of affecting the expression of that coding sequence (i.e., that the coding sequence is under the transcriptional control of the promoter). Coding sequences can be operably linked to regulatory sequences in sense or antisense orientation.
An Intron" is an intervening sequence in a gene that does not encode a portion of the protein sequence. Thus, such sequences are transcribed into RNA
but are then excised and are not translated. The term is also used for the excised RNA sequences. An "exon" is a portion of the sequence of a gene that is transcribed and is found in the mature messenger RNA derived from the gene, but is not necessarily a part of the sequence that encodes the final gene product.
The term "expression", as used herein, refers to the production of a functional end-product. Expression of a gene involves transcription of the gene and.
translation of the mRNA into a precursor or mature protein. "Antisense inhibition"
refers to the production of antisense RNA transcripts capable of suppressing the expression of the target protein. "Overexpression" refers to the produciton of a gene product in transgenic organisms that exceeds levels of production in normal or non-transformed organisms. "Co-suppression" refers to the production of sense RNA transcripts capable of suppressing the expression of identical or substantially similar foreign or endogenous genes (U.S. Patent No. 5,231,020).

A "protein" or "polypeptide" is a chain of amino acids arranged in a specific order determined by the coding sequence in a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide. Each protein or polypeptide has a unique function.
"Altered levels" or "altered expression" refers to the production of gene product(s) in transgenic organisms in amounts or proportions that differ from that of normal or non-transformed organisms.

"Null mutant" as used herein refers to a host cell which either does not express a certain polypeptide or expresses a polypeptide which is inactive or does not have any detectable expected enzymatic function.
"Mature protein" or the term "mature" when used in describing a protein refers to a post-translationally processed polypeptide; i.e., one from which any pre-or propeptides present in the primary translation product have been removed.
"Precursor protein" or the term "precursor" when used in describing a protein refers to the primary product of translation of mRNA; i.e., with pre- and propeptides still present. Pre- and propeptides may be but are not limited to intracellular localization io signals.
A "chloroplast transit peptide" is an amino acid sequence which is translated in conjunction with a protein and directs the protein to the chloroplast or other plastid types present in the cell in which the protein is made. "Chloroplast transit sequence" refers to a nucleotide sequence that encodes a chloroplast transit peptide. A "signal peptide" is an amino acid sequence which is translated in conjunction with a protein and directs the protein to the secretory system (Chrispeels (1991) Ann. Rev. Plant Phys. Plant Mol. Biol. 42:21-53). If the protein is to be directed to a vacuole, a vacuolar targeting signal (supra) can further be added, or if to the endoplasmic reticulum, an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (supra) may be added. If the protein is to be directed to the nucleus, any signal peptide present should be removed and instead a nuclear localization signal included (Raikhel (1992) Plant Phys. 900:1627-1632).
The present invention describes a nucleic acid fragment that encodes a diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase. This enzyme catalyzes the introduction of a double bond between carbon atoms 9 and 10 of stearoyl-ACP to form oleoyl-ACP.
It can also convert stearoyl-CoA into oleoyl-CoA, albeit with reduced efficiency.
Transfer of the nucleic acid fragment of the invention, or a part thereof that encodes a functional enzyme, with suitable regulatory sequences into a living cell will result in the production or over-production of stearoyl-ACP desaturase, which in the presence of an appropriate electron donor, such as ferredoxin, may result in an increased level of unsaturation in cellular lipids, including oil, in tissues when the enzyme is absent or rate-limiting.
"Transformation" refers to the transfer of a nucleic acid fragment into the genome of a host organism, resulting in genetically stable inheritance. Host organisms containing the transformed nucleic acid fragments are referred to as "transgenic" organisms. Examples of methods of plant transformation include Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (De Blaere et -al. (1987) Meth. Enzymol.

143:277) and particle-accelerated or "gene gun" transformation technology (Klein et a). (1987) Nature (London) 327:70-73; U.S. Patent No. 4,945,050).
Thus, isolated polynucleotides of the present invention can be incorporated into recombinant constructs, typically DNA constructs, capable of s introduction into and replication in a host cell. Such a construct can be a vector that includes a replication system and sequences that are capable of transcription and translation of a polypeptide-encoding sequence in a given host cell. A number of vectors suitable for stable transfection of plant cells or for the establishment of transgenic plants have been described in, e.g., Pouwels et at., Cloning Vectors: A
to Laboratory Manual, 1985, supp. 1987; Weissbach and Weissbach, Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, Academic Press, 1989; and Flevin et al., Plant Molecular Biology Manual, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990. Typically, plant expression vectors include, for example, one or more cloned plant genes under the transcriptional control of 5' and 3' regulatory sequences and a dominant selectable 15 marker. Such plant expression vectors also can contain a promoter regulatory region (e.g., a regulatory region controlling inducible or constitutive, environmentally- or developmentally-regulated, or cell- or tissue-specific expression), a transcription initiation start site, a ribosome binding site, an RNA
processing signal, a transcription termination site, and/or a polyadenylation signal.
20 Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques used herein are well known in the art and are described more fully in Sambrook et al.
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, 1989 (hereinafter "Maniatis").
"PCR" or "polymerase chain reaction" is well known by those skilled in the art 25 as a technique used for the amplification of specific'DNA segments (U.S.
Patent Nos. 4,683,195 and 4,800,159).
The present invention concerns an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of. (a) first nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of at least 400 amino acids having at least 80%
30 identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, 4; 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16, or (b) a second nucleotide sequence comprising the complement of the first nucleotide sequence.
Preferably, the first nucleotide sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence 35 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15, that codes for the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16.

Nucleic acid fragments encoding at least a portion of several diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturases have been isolated and identified by comparison of random plant cDNA sequences to public databases containing nucleotide and protein sequences using the BLAST algorithms well known to those skilled in the art.
The nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention may be used to isolate cDNAs and genes encoding homologous proteins from the same or other plant species.
Isolation of homologous genes using sequence-dependent protocols is well known in the art. Examples of sequence-dependent protocols include, but are not limited to, methods of nucleic acid hybridization, and methods of DNA and RNA
io amplification as exemplified by various uses of nucleic acid amplification technologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction, ligase chain reaction).
For example, genes encoding other diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturases, either as cDNAs or genomic DNAs, could be isolated directly by using all or a portion of the instant nucleic acid fragments as DNA hybridization probes to screen libraries from any desired plant employing methodology well known to those skilled in the art. Specific oligonucleotide probes based upon the instant nucleic acid sequences can be designed and synthesized by methods known in the art (Maniatis). Moreover, an entire sequence can be used directly to synthesize DNA
probes by methods known to the skilled artisan such as random primer DNA
labeling, nick translation, end-labeling techniques, or RNA probes using available in vitro transcription systems. In addition, specific primers can be designed and used to amplify a part or all of the instant sequences. The resulting amplification products can be labeled directly during amplification reactions or labeled after amplification reactions, and used as probes to isolate full length cDNA or genomic fragments under conditions of appropriate stringency.
In addition, two short segments of the instant nucleic acid fragments may be used in polymerase chain reaction protocols to amplify longer nucleic acid fragments encoding homologous genes from DNA or RNA. The polymerase chain reaction may also be performed on a library of cloned nucleic acid fragments wherein the sequence of one primer is derived from the instant nucleic acid fragments, and the sequence of the other primer takes advantage of the presence of the polyadenylic acid tracts to the 3' end of the mRNA precursor encoding plant genes. Alternatively, the second primer sequence may be based upon sequences derived from the cloning vector. For example, the skilled artisan can follow the RACE protocol (Frohman et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8998-9002) to generate cDNAs by using PCR to amplify copies of the region between a single point in the transcript and the 3' or 5' end. Primers oriented in the 3' and 5' directions can be designed from the instant sequences. Using commercially available 3' RACE or 5' RACE systems (BRL), specific 3' or 5' cDNA fragments can be isolated (Ohara et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5673-5677; Loh et al.
(1989) Science 243:217-220). Products generated by the 3' and 5' RACE
procedures can be combined to generate full-length cDNAs (Frohman and Martin (1989) Techniques 1:165). Consequently, a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least one of 30 (preferably one of at least 40, most preferably one of at least 60) contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15 and the io complement of such nucleotide sequences may be used in such methods to obtain a nucleic acid fragment encoding a substantial portion of an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
The present invention relates to a method of obtaining a nucleic acid fragment encoding a substantial portion of a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide, preferably a substantial portion of a plant diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide, comprising the steps of: synthesizing an oligonucleotide primer comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least one of 30 (preferably at least one of 40, most preferably at least one of 60) contiguous nucleotides derived from a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15, and the complement of such nucleotide sequences; and amplifying a nucleic acid fragment (preferably a cDNA inserted in a cloning vector) using the oligonucleotide primer. The amplified nucleic acid fragment preferably will encode a portion of a diverged delta-9 stearoyl desaturase polypeptide.
Availability of the instant nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences facilitates immunological screening of cDNA expression libraries. Synthetic peptides representing portions of the instant amino acid sequences may be synthesized. These peptides can be used to immunize animals to produce polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies with specificity for peptides or proteins comprising the amino acid sequences. These antibodies can be then be used to screen cDNA expression libraries to isolate full-length cDNA clones of interest (Lerner (1984) Adv. Immunol. 36:1-34; Maniatis).
In another embodiment, this invention concerns viruses and host cells comprising either the chimeric constructs of the invention as described herein or an isolated polynucleotide of the invention as described herein. Examples of host cells which can be used to practice the invention include, but are not limited to, yeast, bacteria, and plants.

As was noted above, the nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention may be used to create transgenic plants in which the disclosed polypeptides are present at higher or lower levels than normal or in cell types or developmental stages in which they are not normally found. This would have the effect of altering the level of mono-, poly- and unsaturated fatty acids in those cells.
Overexpression of the proteins of the instant invention may be accomplished by first constructing a chimeric gene in which the coding region is operably linked to a promoter capable of directing expression of a gene in the desired tissues at the desired stage of development. The chimeric gene may comprise promoter fo sequences and translation leader sequences derived from the same genes. 3' Non-coding sequences encoding transcription termination signals may also be provided.
The instant chimeric gene may also comprise one or more introns in order to facilitate gene expression.
The terms "chimeric construct", "recombinant construct", "expression construct" and "recombinant expression construct" are used interchangeably herein.
Such construct may be itself or may be used in conjunction with a vector. If a vector is used then the choice of vector is dependent upon the method that will be used to transform host plants as is well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a plasmid vector can be used. The skilled artisan is well aware of the genetic elements that must be present on the plasmid vector in order to successfully transform, select and propagate host cells containing the chimeric gene. The skilled artisan will also recognize that different independent transformation events will result in different levels and patterns of expression (Jones et al. (1985) EMBO J.
4:2411-2418; De Almeida et al. (1989) Mol. Gen. Genetics 218:78-86), and thus that multiple events must be screened in order to obtain lines displaying the desired expression level and pattern. Such screening may be accomplished by Southern analysis of DNA, Northern analysis of mRNA expression, Western analysis of protein expression, or phenotypic analysis.
For some applications it may be useful to direct the instant polypeptides to 3o different cellular compartments, or to facilitate its secretion from the cell. It is thus envisioned that the chimeric gene described above may be further supplemented by directing the coding sequence to encode the instant polypeptides with appropriate intracellular targeting sequences such as transit sequences (Keegstra (1989) Cell 56:247-253), signal sequences or sequences encoding endoplasmic reticulum localization (Chrispeels (1991) Ann. Rev. Plant Phys. Plant Mol. Biol. 42:21-53), or nuclear localization signals (Raikhel (1992) Plant Phys.100:1627-1632) with or without removing targeting sequences that are already present. While the references cited give examples of each of these, the list is not exhaustive and more targeting signals of use may be discovered in the future.
It may also be desirable to reduce or eliminate expression of genes encoding the instant polypeptides in plants for some applications. In order to accomplish this, a chimeric construct designed for co-suppression of the instant polypeptide can be constructed by linking a gene or gene fragment encoding that polypeptide to plant promoter sequences. Alternatively, a chimeric construct designed to express antisense RNA for all or part of the instant nucleic acid fragment can be constructed by linking the gene or gene fragment in reverse orientation to plant promoter 1o sequences. Either the co-suppression or antisense chimeric constructs could be introduced into plants via transformation wherein expression of the corresponding endogenous genes are reduced or eliminated. In a preferred embodiment, it has been found that suitable nucleic sequences and their reverse complement can be used to alter the expression of any homologous, endogenous RNA which is in proximity to the suitable nucleic acid and its reverse complement. This is described in greater detail in Applicant's Assignee's co-pending provisional application having Application No. 60/213961 filed June 23, 2000.

Molecular genetic solutions to the generation of plants with altered gene expression have a decided advantage over more traditional plant breeding approaches. Changes in plant phenotypes can be produced by specifically inhibiting expression of one or more genes by antisense inhibition or cosuppression (U.S. Patent Nos. 5,190,931, 5,107,065 and 5,283,323). An antisense or cosuppression construct would act as a dominant negative regulator of gene activity. While conventional mutations can yield negative regulation of gene activity these effects are most likely recessive. The dominant negative regulation available with a transgenic approach may be advantageous from a breeding perspective. In addition, the ability to restrict the expression of a specific phenotype to the reproductive tissues of the plant by the use of tissue specific promoters may confer 3o agronomic advantages relative to conventional mutations which may have an effect in all tissues in which a mutant gene is ordinarily expressed.
The person skilled in the art will know that special considerations are associated with the use of antisense or cosuppression technologies in order to reduce expression of particular genes. For example, the proper level of expression of sense or antisense genes may require the use of different chimeric genes utilizing different regulatory elements known to the skilled artisan. Once transgenic plants are obtained by one of the methods described above, it will be necessary to screen individual transgenics for those that most effectively display the desired phenotype. Accordingly, the skilled artisan will develop methods for screening large numbers of transformants. The nature of these screens will generally be chosen on practical grounds. For example, one can screen by looking for changes in gene expression by using antibodies specific for the protein encoded by the gene being suppressed, or one could establish assays that specifically measure enzyme activity. A preferred method will be one which allows large numbers of samples to be processed rapidly, since it will be expected that a large number of transformants will be negative for the desired phenotype.
In another embodiment, the present invention concerns a polypeptide of at least 400 amino acids that has at least 80% identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16.
The instant polypeptides (or portions thereof) may be produced in heterologous host cells, particularly in the cells of microbial hosts, and can be used to prepare antibodies to these proteins by methods well known to those skilled in the art. The antibodies are useful for detecting the polypeptides of the instant invention in situ in cells or in vitro in cell extracts. Preferred heterologous host cells for production of the instant polypeptides are microbial hosts. Microbial expression systems and expression vectors containing regulatory sequences that direct high level expression of foreign proteins are well known to those skilled in the art. Any of these could be used to make a chimeric construct for production of the instant polypeptides. This chimeric construct could then be introduced into appropriate microorganisms via transformation to provide high level expression of the encoded diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase. An example of a vector for high level expression of the instant polypeptides in a bacterial host is provided (Example 6).
All or a substantial portion of the polynucleotides of the instant invention may also be used as probes for genetically and physically mapping the genes that they are a part of, and used as markers for traits linked to those genes. Such information may be useful in plant breeding in order to develop lines with desired phenotypes. For example, the instant nucleic acid fragments may be used as.
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Southern blots (Maniatis) of restriction-digested plant genomic DNA may be probed with the nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention. The resulting banding patterns may then be subjected to genetic analyses using computer programs such as MapMaker (Lander et al. (1987) Genomics 1:174-181) in order to construct a genetic map. In addition, the nucleic acid fragments of the instant invention may be used to probe Southern blots containing restriction endonuclease-treated genomic DNAs of a set of individuals representing parent and progeny of a defined genetic cross.
Segregation of the DNA polymorphisms is noted and used to calculate the position of the instant nucleic acid sequence in the genetic map previously obtained using s this population (Botstein et at. (1980) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32:314-331).
The production and use of plant gene-derived probes for use in genetic mapping is described in Bernatzky and Tanksley (1986) Plant Mol. Biol.
Reporter 4:37-41. Numerous publications describe genetic mapping of specific cDNA
clones using the methodology outlined above or variations thereof. For example, F2 io intercross populations, backcross populations, randomly mated populations, near isogenic lines, and other sets of individuals may be used for mapping. Such methodologies are well known to those skilled in the art.
Nucleic acid probes derived from the instant nucleic acid sequences may also be used for physical mapping (i.e., placement of sequences on physical maps;
15 see Hoheisel et al. in: Nonmammalian Genomic Analysis: A Practical Guide, Academic press 1996, pp. 319-346, and references cited therein).
In another embodiment, nucleic acid probes derived from the instant nucleic acid sequences may be used in direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping (Trask (1991) Trends Genet. 7:149-154). Although current methods of 20 FISH mapping favor use of large clones (several to several hundred KB; see Laan et at. (1995) Genome Res. 5:13-20), improvements in sensitivity may allow performance of FISH mapping using shorter probes.
A variety of nucleic acid amplification-based methods of genetic and physical mapping may be carried out using the instant nucleic acid sequences. Examples 25 include allele-specific amplification (Kazazian (1989) J. Lab. Clin. Med.
11:95-96), polymorphism of PCR-amplified fragments (CAPS; Sheffield et al. (1993) Genomics 16:325-332), allele-specific ligation (Landegren et at. (1988) Science 241:1077-1080), nucleotide extension reactions (Sokolov (1990) Nucleic Acid Res.
18:3671), Radiation Hybrid Mapping (Walter et at. (1997) Nat. Genet. 7:22-28) and 3o Happy Mapping (Dear and Cook (1989) Nucleic Acid Res. 17:6795-6807). For these methods, the sequence of a nucleic acid fragment is used to design and produce primer pairs for use in the amplification reaction or in primer extension reactions. The design of such primers is well known to those skilled in the art. In methods employing PCR-based genetic mapping, it may be necessary to identify 35 DNA sequence differences between the parents of the mapping cross in the region corresponding to the instant nucleic acid sequence. This, however, is generally not necessary for mapping methods.

Loss of function mutant phenotypes may be identified for the instant cDNA
clones either by targeted gene disruption protocols or by identifying specific mutants for these genes contained in a maize population carrying mutations in all possible genes (Ballinger and Benzer (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 86:9402-9406;
Koes et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 92:8149-8153; Bensen et al. (1995) Plant Cell 7:75-84). The latter approach may be accomplished in two ways. First, short segments of the instant nucleic acid fragments may be used in polymerase chain reaction protocols in conjunction with a mutation tag sequence primer on DNAs prepared from a population of plants in which Mutator transposons or some other io mutation-causing DNA element has been introduced (see Bensen, supra). The amplification of a specific DNA fragment with these primers indicates the insertion of the mutation tag element in or near the plant gene encoding the instant polypeptides. Alternatively, the instant nucleic acid fragment may be used as a hybridization probe against PCR amplification products generated from the mutation population using the mutation tag sequence primer in conjunction with an arbitrary genomic site primer, such as that for a restriction enzyme site-anchored synthetic adaptor. With either method, a plant containing a mutation in the endogenous gene encoding the instant polypeptides can be identified and obtained. This mutant plant can then be used to determine or confirm the natural function of the instant polypeptides disclosed herein.
Methods for assaying delta-9 fatty acid desaturase activities in E. coli have been previously described (U.S. Pat Nos. 5,443,974 and 5,760,206). Fatty acid analysis of oil samples is performed by gas chromatography. Briefly, fatty acid (FA) determination was done from a total of 300-400 mg of tissue lyophilized for 24 hours. The tissue was then ground using a FastPrep mill (Biol01) at 4.5 speed and 20 seconds in the presence of 0.5 ml of 2.5% Sulfuric Acid + 97.5%
Methanol and Heptadecanoic acid (17:0, stock 10 mg/ml in Tuloene) as an external standard.
Thereafter, another 0.5 ml 2.5% Sulfuric Acid + 97.5% Methanol was used to wash each tube and incubate in 95 C for 1 hour for transesterification. The tubes were 3o removed from the water bath and allowed to cool down to room temperature.
FAs were extracted in one volume of heptane:H20 (1:1) and cleared by centrifugation.
The supernatant (50 uI) containing the fatty acid methyl esters were loaded into a Hewlett Packard 6890 gas chromatograph fitted with a 30 m x 0.32 mm Omegawax column and the separated peaks were analyzed and characterized.
EXAMPLES
The present invention is further defined in the following Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight and degrees are Celsius, unless otherwise stated. It should be understood that these Examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples,'one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Thus, various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown and described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Composition of cDNA Libraries; Isolation and Sequencing of cDNA Clones cDNA libraries representing mRNAs from various soybean, corn, and rice tissues were prepared. The characteristics of the libraries are described below.

cDNA Libraries from Soybean, Corn, and Rice Library Description Clone se6 Soybean Embryo, 26 Days After Flowering se6.pk0026.a8 cbn10 Corn Developing Kernel (Embryo and cbn10.pk0061.a3 Endosperm); 10 Days After Pollination cbn10.pk0061.a3:fis cpolc Corn (Zea mays L.) pooled BMS treated with cpolc.pk014.118 chemicals related to protein kinases cpolc.pk014.118:fis rdslc Rice (Oryza sativa, YM) developing seeds 1 rdslc.pk007.g19 rdslc.pk007.gI9:fis rslln Rice (Oryza sativa, YM) 15 day old seedling rsiln.pk008.j18:fis normalized cDNA libraries may be prepared by any one of many methods available. For example, the cDNAs may be introduced into plasmid vectors by first preparing the cDNA libraries in Uni-ZAPTM XR vectors according to the manufacturer's protocol (Stratagene Cloning Systems, La Jolla, CA). The Uni-ZAPTM XR libraries are converted into plasmid libraries according to the protocol provided by Stratagene.
Upon conversion, cDNA inserts will be contained in the plasmid vector pBluescript.
In addition, the cDNAs may be introduced directly into precut Bluescript II
SK(+) vectors (Stratagene) using T4 DNA ligase (New England Biolabs), followed by transfection into DH10B cells according to the manufacturer's protocol (GIBCO
BRL
Products). Once the cDNA inserts are in plasmid vectors, plasmid DNAs are prepared from randomly picked bacterial colonies containing recombinant pBluescript plasmids, or the insert cDNA sequences are amplified via polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for vector sequences flanking the inserted cDNA sequences. Amplified insert DNAs or plasmid DNAs are sequenced in dye-primer sequencing reactions to generate partial cDNA sequences (expressed sequence tags or "ESTs"; see Adams et al., (1991) Science 252:1651-1656). The resulting ESTs are analyzed using a Perkin Elmer Model 377 fluorescent sequencer.
Full-insert sequence (FIS) data is generated utilizing a modified transposition protocol. Clones identified for FIS are recovered from archived glycerol stocks as single colonies, and plasmid DNAs are isolated via alkaline lysis. Isolated DNA
io templates are reacted with vector primed M13 forward and reverse oligonucleotides in a PCR-based sequencing reaction and loaded onto automated sequencers.
Confirmation of clone identification is performed by sequence alignment to the original EST sequence from which the FIS request is made.
Confirmed templates are transposed via the Primer Island transposition kit (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) which is based upon the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tyl transposable element (Devine and Boeke (1994) Nucleic Acids Res.
22:3765-3772). The in vitro transposition system places unique binding sites randomly throughout a population of large DNA molecules. The transposed DNA is then used to transform DH1OB electro-competent cells (Gibco BRL/Life Technologies, Rockville, MD) via electroporation. The transposable element contains an additional selectable marker (named DHFR; Fling and Richards (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5147-5158), allowing for dual selection on agar plates of only those subclones containing the integrated transposon. Multiple subclones are randomly selected from each transposition reaction, plasmid DNAs are prepared via alkaline lysis, and templates are sequenced (ABI Prism dye-terminator ReadyReaction mix) outward from the transposition event site, utilizing unique primers specific to the binding sites within the transposon.
Sequence data is collected (ABI Prism Collections) and assembled using Phred/Phrap (P. Green, University of Washington, Seattle). Phrep/Phrap is a public 3o domain software program which re-reads the ABI sequence data, re-calls the bases, assigns quality values, and writes the base calls and quality values into editable output files. The Phrap sequence assembly program uses these quality values to increase the accuracy of the assembled sequence contigs. Assemblies are viewed by the Consed sequence editor (D. Gordon, University of Washington, Seattle).

Identification of cDNA Clones cDNA clones encoding a diverged delta-9 fatty acid desaturase were identified by conducting BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; Altschul et al.
(1993) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410; see also www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) searches for similarity to sequences contained in the BLAST "nr" database (comprising all non-redundant GenBank CDS translations, sequences derived -from the 3-dimensional structure Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, the last major release of the SWISS-PROT protein sequence database, EMBL, and DDBJ databases). The io cDNA sequences obtained in Example 1 were analyzed for similarity to all publicly available DNA sequences contained in the "nr" database using the BLASTN
algorithm provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
The DNA sequences were translated in all reading frames and compared for similarity to all publicly available protein sequences contained in the "nr"
database is using the BLASTX algorithm (Gish and States (1993) Nat. Genet. 3:266-272) provided by the NCBI. For convenience, the P-value (probability) of observing a match of a cDNA sequence to a sequence contained in the searched databases merely by chance as calculated by BLAST are reported herein as "pLog" values, which represent the negative of the logarithm of the reported P-value.
Accordingly, 20 the greater the pLog value, the greater the likelihood that the cDNA
sequence and the BLAST "hit" represent homologous proteins.
ESTs submitted for analysis are compared to the genbank database as described above. ESTs that contain sequences more 5- or 3-prime can be found by using the BLASTn algorithm (Altschul et al (1997) Nucleic Acids Res.
25 25:3389-3402.) against the Du Pont proprietary database comparing nucleotide sequences that share common or overlapping regions of sequence homology.
Where common or overlapping sequences exist between two or more nucleic acid fragments, the sequences can be assembled into a single contiguous nucleotide sequence, thus extending the original fragment in either the 5 or 3 prime direction.
30 Once the most 5-prime EST is identified, its complete sequence can be determined by Full Insert Sequencing as described in Example 1. Homologous genes belonging to different species can be found by comparing the amino acid sequence of a known gene (from either a proprietary source or a public database) against an EST database using the tBLASTn algorithm. The tBLASTn algorithm searches an 35 amino acid query against a nucleotide database that is translated in all 6 reading frames. This search allows for differences in nucleotide codon usage between different species, and for codon degeneracy.

Characterization of cDNA Clones Encoding a Diverged Delta-9 or Stearoyl-ACP, Desaturase The BLASTX search using the EST sequences from clones listed in Table 3 revealed similarity of the polypeptides encoded by the cDNAs to a diverged delta-9, or stearoyl-ACP, desaturase from lupine (Lupinus luteus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and flax (Linum usitatissimum) (NCBI
General Identifier Nos. gi 4704824, gi 417820, gi 7523660, gi 267036, gi 6957724, and io gi 3355632 respectively). Shown in Table 4 are the BLAST results for individual ESTs ("EST"), the sequences of the entire cDNA inserts comprising the indicated cDNA clones ("FIS"), the sequences of contigs assembled from two or more ESTs ("Contig"), sequences of contigs assembled from an FIS and one or more ESTs ("Contig*"), or sequences encoding an entire protein derived from an FIS, a contig, or an FIS and PCR ("CGS"):

BLAST Results for Sequences Encoding Polypeptides Homologous to a Diverged Delta-9, or Stearoyl-ACP, Desaturase Clone Status BLAST pLog gi #
se6.pk0026.a8 CGS 254.00 4704824 cbn10.pk0061.a3 EST 2.52 4704824 cpd 1 c. pk014.118 contig 107.00 417820 rdslc.pk007.gl9 EST 33.04 7523660 cbn10.pk0061.a3:fis CGS 113.00 267036 cpd 1 c.pk014.118:fis CGS 149.00 4704824 rdslc.pk007.gl9:fis FIS 60.52 6957724 rslln.pk008.jl8:fis CGS 147.00 3355632 Figure 1 presents an alignment of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ
ID NO:2, 10, 12, 14, and 16, and the lupine, jojoba, Arabidopsis, and flax sequences (SEQ ID NO:17, 20, 21, and 22) and the original soybean delta-9 desaturase presented in U.S. Patent No. 5,760,206 (SEQ ID NO:23). The data in Table 5 represents a calculation of the percent identity of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16, and the lupine, cucumber, Arabidopsis, jojoba, Arabidopsis, and flax sequences (SEQ ID NOs:17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22; NCBI General Identifier Nos. gi 4704824, gi 417820, gi 7523660, gi 267036, gi 6957724, and gi 3355632 respectively).

Percent Identity of Polypeptides Homologous to a Diverged Delta-9, or Stearoyl-ACP, Desaturase SEQ ID NO. Percent Identity gi #
2 77.6% 4704824 4 16.4% 4704824 6 62.3% 417820 8 59.5% 7523660 49.2% 267036 12 64.2% 4704824 14 50.2% 6957724 16 64.0% 3355632 5 Sequence alignments and percent identity calculations were performed using the Megalign program of the LASERGENE bioinformatics computing suite (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, WI). Multiple alignment of the sequences was performed using the Clustal method of alignment (Higgins and Sharp (1989) CABIOS.
5:151-153) with the default parameters (GAP PENALTY=10, GAP LENGTH
io PENALTY=10). Default parameters for pairwise alignments using the Clustal method were KTUPLE 1, GAP PENALTY=3, WINDOW=5 and DIAGONALS
SAVED=5. Sequence alignments and BLAST scores and probabilities indicate that the nucleic acid fragments comprising the instant cDNA clones encode a substantial portion of a diverged delta-9, or stearoyl-ACP, desaturase. Confirmation of the biochemical identity of each clone is accomplished according to methods well known to those skilled in the art (U.S. Patent No. 5.760,206).

Expression of Chimeric Constructs in Monocot Cells A chimeric construct comprising a cDNA encoding the instant polypeptides in sense orientation with respect to the maize 27 kD zein promoter that is located 5' to the cDNA fragment, and the 10 kD zein 3' end that is located 3' to the cDNA
fragment, can be constructed. The cDNA fragment of this gene may be generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cDNA clone using appropriate oligonucleotide primers. Cloning sites (Ncol or Smal) can be incorporated into the oligonucleotides to provide proper orientation of the DNA fragment when inserted into the digested vector pML103 as described below. Amplification is then performed in a standard PCR. The amplified DNA is then digested with restriction enzymes Ncol and Smal and fractionated on an agarose gel. The appropriate band can be isolated from the gel and combined with a 4.9 kb Ncol-Smal fragment of the plasmid pML103. Plasmid pML103 has been deposited under the terms of the Budapest Treaty at ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110-2209), and bears accession number ATCC 97366. The DNA segment from pML1 03 contains a 1.05 kb Sall-Ncol promoter fragment of the maize 27 kD zein gene and a 0.96 kb Smal-Sall fragment from the 3' end of the maize 10 kD zein gene in the vector pGem9Zf(+) (Promega). Vector and insert DNA can be ligated at 15 C overnight, essentially as described (Maniatis). The ligated DNA may then be used to transform E. coli XL1-Blue (Epicurian Coli XL-BIueTM; Stratagene). Bacterial transformants can be screened by restriction enzyme digestion of plasmid DNA and limited nucleotide sequence analysis using the dideoxy chain termination method (SequenaseTM DNA Sequencing Kit; U.S.
io Biochemical). The resulting plasmid construct would comprise a chimeric construct encoding, in the 5' to 3' direction, the maize 27 kD zein promoter, a cDNA
fragment encoding the instant polypeptides, and the 10 kD zein 3' region.
The chimeric construct described above can then be introduced into corn cells by the following procedure. Immature corn embryos can be dissected from developing caryopses derived from crosses of the inbred corn lines H99 and LH132.
The embryos are isolated 10 to 11 days after pollination when they are 1.0 to 1.5 mm long. The embryos are then placed with the axis-side facing down and in contact with agarose-solidified N6 medium (Chu et al. (1975) Sci. Sin. Peking 18:659-668). The embryos are kept in the dark at 27 C. Friable embryogenic callus consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells with somatic proembryolds and embryoids borne on suspensor structures proliferates from the scutellum of these immature embryos. The embryogenic callus isolated from the primary explant can be cultured on N6 medium and sub-cultured on this medium every 2 to 3 weeks.
The plasmid, p35S/Ac (obtained from Dr. Peter Eckes, Hoechst Ag, Frankfurt, Germany) may be used in transformation experiments in order to provide for a selectable marker. This plasmid contains the Pat gene (see European Patent Publication 0 242 236) which encodes phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT).
The enzyme PAT confers resistance to herbicidal glutamine synthetase inhibitors such as phosphinothricin. The pat gene in p35S/Ac is under the control of the promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (Odell et al. (1985) Nature 313:810-812) and the 3' region of the nopaline synthase gene from the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
The particle bombardment method (Klein et al. (1987) Nature 327:70-73) may be used to transfer genes to the callus culture cells. According to this method, gold particles (1 m in diameter) are coated with DNA using the following technique.
Ten g of plasmid DNAs are added to 50 L of a suspension of gold particles (60 mg per mL). Calcium chloride (50 L of a 2.5 M solution) and spermidine free base (20 L of a 1.0 M solution) are added to the particles. The suspension is vortexed during the addition of these solutions. After 10 minutes, the tubes are briefly centrifuged (5 sec at 15,060 rpm) and the supernatant removed. The particles are resuspended in 200 pL of absolute ethanol, centrifuged again and the supernatant removed. The ethanol rinse is performed again and the particles resuspended in a final volume of 30 L of ethanol. An aliquot (5 L) of the DNA-coated gold particles can be placed in the center of a KaptonTM flying disc (Bio-Rad Labs). The particles are then accelerated into the corn tissue with a BiolisticTM
PDS-1000/He (Bio-Rad Instruments, Hercules CA), using a helium pressure of 1000 psi, a gap distance of 0.5 cm and a flying distance of 1.0 cm.
For bombardment, the embryogenic tissue is placed on filter paper over agarose-solidified N6 medium. The tissue is arranged as a thin lawn and covered a circular area of about 5 cm in diameter. The petri dish containing the tissue can be placed in the chamber of the PDS-1000/He approximately 8 cm from the stopping screen. The air in the chamber is then evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inches of Hg.
The macrocarrier is accelerated with a helium shock wave using a rupture membrane that bursts when the He pressure in the shock tube reaches 1000 psi.
Seven days after bombardment the tissue can be transferred to N6 medium that contains gluphosinate (2 mg per liter) and lacks casein or proline. The tissue continues to grow slowly on this medium. After an additional 2 weeks the tissue can be transferred to fresh N6 medium containing gluphosinate. After 6 weeks, areas of about 1 cm in diameter of actively growing callus can be identified on some of the plates containing the glufosinate-supplemented medium. These calli may continue to grow when sub-cultured on the selective medium.
Plants can be regenerated from the transgenic callus by first transferring clusters of tissue to N6 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg per liter of 2,4-D.
After two weeks the tissue can be transferred to regeneration medium (Fromm et al.
(1990) Bio/Technology 8:833-839).

Expression of Chimeric Constructs in Dicot Cells A seed-specific expression cassette composed of the promoter and transcription terminator from the gene encoding the R subunit of the seed storage protein phaseolin from the bean Phaseolus vulgaris (Doyle et al. (1986) J.
Biol.
Chem. 261:9228-9238) can be used for expression of the instant polypeptides in transformed soybean. The phaseolin cassette includes about 500 nucleotides upstream (5') from the translation initiation codon and about 1650 nucleotides downstream (3') from the translation stop codon of phaseolin. Between the 5' and 3' regions are the unique restriction endonuclease sites Nco I (which includes the ATG translation initiation codon), Sma I, Kpn I and Xba I. The entire cassette is flanked by Hind III sites.
The cDNA fragment of this gene may be generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cDNA clone using appropriate oligonucleotide primers.
Cloning sites can be incorporated into the oligonucleotides to provide proper orientation of the DNA fragment when inserted into the expression vector.
Amplification is then performed as described above, and the isolated fragment is inserted into a pUC18 vector carrying the seed expression cassette.
Soybean embryos may then be transformed with the expression vector comprising sequences encoding the instant polypeptides. To induce somatic embryos, cotyledons, 3-5 mm in length dissected from surface sterilized, immature seeds of the soybean cultivar A2872, can be cultured in the light or dark at 26 C on an appropriate agar medium for 6-10 weeks. Somatic embryos which produce secondary embryos are then excised and placed into a suitable liquid medium.
After repeated selection for clusters of somatic embryos which multiplied as early, globular staged embryos, the suspensions are maintained as described below.
Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures can be maintained in 35 mL liquid media on a rotary shaker, 150 rpm, at 26 C with florescent lights on a 16:8 hour day/night schedule. Cultures are subcultured every two weeks by inoculating approximately 35 mg of tissue into 35 mL of liquid medium.
Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures may then be transformed by the method of particle gun bombardment (Klein et al. (1987) Nature (London) 327:70-73, U.S. Patent No. 4,945,050). A DuPont BiolisticTM PDS1000/HE
instrument (helium retrofit) can be used for these transformations.
A selectable marker gene which can be used to facilitate soybean transformation is a chimeric construct composed of the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (Odell et at. (1985) Nature 313:810-812), the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene from plasmid pJR225 (from E. coli; Gritz et al.(1983) Gene 25:179-188) and the 3' region of the nopaline synthase gene from the T-DNA
of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The seed expression cassette comprising the phaseolin 5' region, the fragment encoding the instant polypeptides and the phaseolin 3' region can be isolated as a restriction fragment. This fragment can then be inserted into a unique restriction site of the vector carrying the marker gene.
To 50 L of a 60 mg/mL I p.m gold particle suspension is added (in order):
5 L DNA (1 g/ L), 20 l spermidine (0.1 M), and 50 pL CaC12 (2.5 M). The particle preparation is then agitated for three minutes, spun in a microfuge for seconds and the supernatant removed. The DNA-coated particles are then washed once in 400 pL 70% ethanol and resuspended in 40 L of anhydrous ethanol. The DNA/particle suspension can be sonicated three times for one second 5 each. Five L of the DNA-coated gold particles are then loaded on each macro carrier disk.
Approximately 300-400 mg of a two-week-old suspension culture is placed in an empty 60x15 mm petri dish and the residual liquid removed from the tissue with a pipette. For each transformation experiment, approximately 5-10 plates of tissue io are normally bombarded. Membrane rupture pressure is set at 1100 psi and the chamber is evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inches mercury. The tissue is placed approximately 3.5 inches away from the retaining screen and bombarded three times. Following bombardment, the tissue can be divided in half and placed back into liquid and cultured as described above.
Five to seven days post bombardment, the liquid media may be exchanged with fresh media, and eleven to twelve days post bombardment with fresh media containing 50 mg/mL hygromycin. This selective media can be refreshed weekly.
Seven to eight weeks post bombardment, green, transformed tissue may be observed growing from untransformed, necrotic embryogenic clusters. Isolated green tissue is removed and inoculated into individual flasks to generate new, clonally propagated, transformed embryogenic suspension cultures. Each new line may be treated as an independent transformation event. These suspensions can then be subcultured and maintained as clusters of immature embryos or regenerated into whole plants by maturation and germination of individual somatic embryos.

Expression of Chimeric Constructs in Microbial Cells The cDNAs encoding the instant polypeptides can be inserted into the T7 E. coli expression vector pBT430. This vector is a derivative of pET-3a (Rosenberg 3o et al. (1987) Gene 56:125-135) which employs the bacteriophage T7 RNA
polymerase/T7 promoter system. Plasmid pBT430 was constructed by first destroying the EcoR I and Hind III sites in pET-3a at their original positions. ' An oligonucleotide adaptor containing EcoR I and Hind III sites was inserted at the BamH I site of pET-3a. This created pET-3aM with additional unique cloning sites for insertion of genes into the expression vector. Then, the Nde I site at the position of translation initiation was converted to an Nco I site using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The DNA sequence of pET-3aM in this region, 5'-CATATGG, was converted to 5'-CCCATGG in pBT430.
Plasmid DNA containing a cDNA may be appropriately digested to release a nucleic acid fragment encoding the protein. This fragment may then be purified on a 1 % low melting agarose gel. Buffer and agarose contain 10 pg/ml ethidium bromide for visualization of the DNA fragment. The fragment can then be purified from the agarose gel by digestion with GELaseTM (Epicentre Technologies, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer's instructions, ethanol precipitated, dried and resuspended in 20 L of water. Appropriate oligonucleotide adapters may be io ligated to the fragment using T4 DNA ligase (New England Biolabs (NEB), Beverly, MA). The fragment containing the ligated adapters can be purified from the excess adapters using low melting agarose as described above. The vector pBT430 is digested, dephosphorylated with alkaline phosphatase (NEB) and deproteinized with phenol/chloroform as described above. The prepared vector pBT430 and fragment can then be ligated at 16 C for 15 hours followed by transformation into DH5 electrocompetent cells (GIBCO BRL). Transformants can be selected on agar plates containing LB media and 100 g/ml- ampicillin. Transformants containing the gene encoding the instant polypeptides are then screened for the correct orientation with respect to the T7 promoter by restriction enzyme analysis.
For high level expression, a plasmid clone with the cDNA insert in the correct orientation relative to the-T7 promoter can be transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) (Studier et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 189:113-130). Cultures are grown in LB medium containing ampicillin (100 mg/L) at 25 C. At an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 1, IPTG (isopropylthio-R-galactoside, the inducer) can be added to a final concentration of 0.4 mM and incubation can be continued for 3 h at 25 . Cells are then harvested by centrifugation and re-suspended in 50 L of 50 mM Tris-HCI at pH 8.0 containing 0.1 mM DTT and 0.2 mM phenyl methylsulfonyl fluoride. A small amount of 1 mm glass beads can be added and the mixture sonicated 3 times for about 5 seconds each time with a microprobe sonicator. The mixture is centrifuged and the protein concentration of the supernatant determined. One g of protein from the soluble fraction of the culture can be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gels can be observed for protein bands migrating at the expected molecular weight.

Transformation Of Somatic Soybean Embryo Cultures Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures were maintained in 35 ml liquid media (SB55 or SBP6) on a rotary shaker, 150 rpm, at 28 C with mixed fluorescent and incandescent lights on a 16:8 h day/night schedule. Cultures were subcultured every four weeks by inoculating approximately 35 mg of tissue into 35 ml of liquid medium.

Stock Solutions (g/L): SB55 (per Liter, pH 5.7) MS Sulfate I OOX Stock 10 mL each MS stocks MgSO4 7H20 37.0 1 mL B5 Vitamin stock MnSO4 H2O 1.69 0.8 g NH4NO3 ZnSO4 7H20 0.86 3.033 g KNO3 CuSO4 5H20 0.0025 1 mL 2,4-D (10mg/mL stock) MS Halides 100X Stock 60 g sucrose CaCl2 2H20 44.0 0.667 g asparagine KI 0.083 SBP6 CoC12 6H20 0.00125 same as-SB55 except 0.5 mL 2,4-D
KH2PO4 17.0 SB103 (per Liter, pH 5.7) H3B03 0.62 1X MS Salts Na2MoO4 2H20 0.025 6% maltose MS FeEDTA 10OX Stock 750 mg MgCI2 Na2EDTA 3.724 0.2% Gelrite FeSO4 7H20 2.784 SB71-1 (per Liter, pH 5.7) B5 Vitamin Stock IX B5 salts g m-inositol 1 ml B5 vitamin stock 100 mg nicotinic acid 3% sucrose 100 mg pyridoxine HCI 750 mg MgCl2 1 g thiamine 0.2% Gelrite Soybean embryogenic suspension cultures were transformed with pTC3 by the method of particle gun bombardment (Kline et al. (1987) Nature 327:70). A
DuPont Biolistic PDS1000/HE instrument (helium retrofit) was used for these transformations.

10 To 50 ml of a 60 mg/ml 1 mm gold particle suspension was added (in order);
5 l DNA(1 g/ l), 20 l spermidine (0.1 M), and 50 p1 CaCl2 (2.5 M). The particle preparation was agitated for 3 min, spun in a microfuge for 10 sec and the supernatant removed. The DNA-coated particles were then washed once in 400 l 70% ethanol and re suspended in 40 l of anhydrous ethanol. The DNA/particle suspension was sonicated three times for 1 sec each. Five p1 of the DNA-coated gold particles were then loaded on each macro carrier disk.

Approximately 300-400 mg of a four week old suspension culture was placed in an empty 60x15 mm petri dish and the residual liquid removed from the tissue with a pipette. For each transformation experiment, approximately 5-10 plates of tissue were normally bombarded. Membrane rupture pressure was set at 1000 psi and the chamber was evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inches of mercury. The tissue was placed approximately 3.5 inches away from the retaining screen and bombarded three times. Following bombardment, the tissue was placed back into liquid and cultured as described above.
Eleven days post bombardment, the liquid media was exchanged with fresh io SB55 containing 50 mg/ml hygromycin. The selective media was refreshed weekly.
Seven weeks post bombardment, green, transformed tissue was observed growing from untransformed, necrotic embryogenic clusters. Isolated green tissue was removed and inoculated into individual flasks to generate new, clonally propagated, transformed embryogenic suspension cultures. Thus each new line was treated as independent transformation event. These suspensions can then be maintained as suspensions of embryos clustered in an immature developmental stage through subculture or regenerated into whole plants by maturation and germination of individual somatic embryos.
Independent lines of transformed embryogenic clusters are removed from liquid culture and placed on a solid agar media (SB103) containing no hormones or antibiotics. Embryos are cultured for four weeks at 26 C with mixed fluorescent and incandescent lights on a 16:8 h day/night schedule. During this period, individual embryos are removed from the clusters and screened for alterations in their fatty acid compositions (Example 8). Co-suppression of Fad2 results in a reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids and an increase in oleic acid content. Co-suppression of the delta-9 desaturases of the instant invention result in an increase in the accumulation of stearic acid (18:0 fatty acid).

The Phenotype of Transgenic Soybean Somatic Embryos Is Predictive of Seed Phenotypes From Resultant Regenerated Plants Mature somatic soybean embryos are a good model for zygotic embryos.
While in the globular embryo state in liquid culture, somatic soybean embryos contain very low amounts of triacylglycerol or storage proteins typical of maturing, zygotic soybean embryos. At this developmental stage, the ratio of total triacylglyceride to total polar lipid (phospholipids and glycolipid) is about 1:4, as is typical of zygotic soybean embryos at the developmental stage from which the somatic embryo culture was initiated. At the globular stage as well, the mRNAs for the prominent seed proteins, a' subunit of (3-conglycinin, kunitz trypsin inhibitor 3, and seed lectin are essentially absent. Upon transfer to hormone-free media to allow differentiation to the maturing somatic embryo state, triacylglycerol becomes the most abundant lipid class. As well, mRNAs for a'-subunit of (i-conglycinin, kunitz trypsin inhibitor 3 and seed lectin become very abundant messages in the total mRNA population. On this basis somatic soybean embryo system behaves very similarly to maturing zygotic soybean embryos in vivo, and is therefore a good and rapid model system for analyzing the phenotypic effects of modifying the expression of genes in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
Most importantly, the model system is also predictive of the fatty acid composition of seeds from plants derived from transgenic embryos. This is illustrated with two different antisense constructs in two different types of experiment that were constructed following the protocols set forth in the PCT Publication Nos. WO 93/11245 and WO 94/11516. Liquid culture globular embryos were 1s transformed with a chimeric gene comprising a soybean microsomal A15 desaturase as described in PCT Publication No. WO 93/11245 which was published on June 10, 1993, _ (experiment 1,) or a soybean microsomal A12 desaturase as described in PCT
Publication No. WO 94/11516 which was published on May 26, 1994 (experiment 2).
Both gene constructs were introduced in antisense orientation under the control of a seed-specific promoter (3-conglycinin promoter) and gave rise to mature embryos. The fatty acid content of mature somatic embryos from lines transformed with vector only (control) and the vector containing the antisense chimeric genes as well as of seeds of plants regenerated from them was determined.
One set of embryos from each line was analyzed for fatty acid content and another set of embryos from that same line was regenerated into plants. Fatty acid analysis of single embryos was determined either by direct trans-esterification of individual seeds in 0.5 mL of methanolic H2SO4 (2.5%) or by hexane extraction of 3o bulk seed samples followed by trans-esterification of an aliquot in 0.8 mL
of 1%
sodium methoxide in methanol. Fatty acid methyl esters were extracted from the methanolic solutions into hexane after the addition of an equal volume of water. In all cases, if there was a reduced 18:3 content in a transgenic embryo line when compared to an untransformed control, then a corresponding reduction in 18:3 content was also observed in the segregating seeds of the plant derived from that transformed line (Table 7).

Percent 18:3 Content Of Embryos and Seeds of Control and A15 Antisense Construct Transgenic Soybean Lines Embryo Average Seed Average Transformant Line (SD, n=10) (SD, n=10) Control 12.1 (2.6) 8.9 (0.8) A15 antisense, line 1 5.6 (1.2) 4.3 (1.6) A15 antisense, line 2 8.9 (2.2) 2.5 (1.8) A15 antisense, line 3 7.3 (1.1) 4.9 (1.9) A15 antisense, line 4 7.0 (1.9) 2.4 (1.7) A15 antisense, line 5 8.5 (1.9) 4.5 (2.2) A15 antisense, line 6 7.6 (1.6) 4.6 (1.6) *[Seeds which were segregating with wild-type phenotype and without a copy of the transgene are not included in these averages]

In addition, different lines containing the same antisense construct, were used for fatty acid analysis in somatic embryos and for regeneration into plants.
About 55% of the transformed embryo lines showed an increased 18:1 content when compared with control lines (Table 8). Soybean seeds, of plants regenerated from different somatic embryo lines containing the same antisense construct, had a similar frequency (53%) of high oleate transformants as the somatic embryos (Table 8). On occasion, an embryo line may be chimeric. That is, 10-70% of the embryos in a line may not contain the transgene. The remaining embryos that do io contain the transgene, have been found in all cases to be clonal. In such a case, plants with both wild type and transgenic phenotypes may be regenerated from a single, transgenic line, even if most of the embryos analyzed from that line had a transgenic phenotype. An example of this is shown in Table 9, in which, of 5 plants regenerated from a single embryo line, 3 have a high oleic phenotype and two were wild type. In most cases, all the plants regenerated from a single transgenic line will have seeds containing the transgene. Thus, it was concluded that an altered fatty acid phenotype observed in a transgenic, mature somatic embryo line is predictive of an altered fatty acid composition of seeds of plants derived from that line.

Oleate Levels in Somatic Embryos and Seeds of Regenerated Soybeans Transformed With, or Without, A12 Desaturase Antisense Construct # of # of Lines with Average*
Vector Lines High 18:1 %18:1 Somatic embryos:
Control 19 0 12.0 A12 antisense 20 11 35.3 Seeds of regenerated plants:
Control 6 0 18.2 A12 antisense 17 9 44.4 *average 18:1 of transgenics is the average of all embryos or seeds transformed with the A12 antisense construct in which at least one embryo or seed from that line had an 18:1 content greater than 2 standard deviations from the control value (12.0 in embryos, 18.2 in seeds). The control average is the average of embryos or seeds which do not contain any transgenic DNA but have been treated in an identical manner to the transgenics.

Analysis of Seeds From Five Independent Plants Segregating From Plant Line 4 Plant # Average seed 18:1 % Highest seed 18:1 %
1 18.0 26.3 2 33.6 72.1 7 13.6 21.2 9 32.9 57.3 11 24.5 41.7 Mean of 15-20 seeds from 5 different plants regenerated from a single embryo line. Only plants # 2, 9 and 11 have seeds with a high 18:1 phenotype.

Suppression in Soybean of Fad2 By ELVISLIVES Complementary Region Cosuppression of plant genes is covered in a U.S. provisional patent application 60/213961 filed on June 23, 2000, and nationally filed in the USPTO as application 09/887194 on June 22, 2001 . Constructs have now been made which have "synthetic complementary regions" (SCR). Since complementary regions from Fad 2 can successfully suppress a thioesterase target, and a Cer3 complementary region can suppress Fad2, it was deduced that it may be possible to use any complementary sequence to reduce the expression of a target. In this example the target sequence is placed between complementary sequences that are not known to be part of any biologically derived gene or genome (i.e. sequences that are "synthetic" or conjured up from the mind of the inventor). The target DNA would therefore be in the sense or antisense orientation and the complementary RNA would be unrelated to any known nucleic acid sequence. It is possible to design a standard "suppression vector" into which pieces of any target gene for suppression could be dropped.
The plasmids pKS106, pKS124, and pKS133 exemplify this. One skilled in the art will io appreciate that all of the plasmid vectors contain antibiotic selection genes such as, but not limited to, hygromycin phosphotransferase with promoters such as the inducible promoter.
pKS106 uses the beta-conglycinin promoter while the pKS124 and 133 plasmids use the Kti promoter, both of these promoters exhibit strong tissue specific expression in the seeds of soybean. pKS106 uses a 3' termination region from the phaseolin gene, and pKS124 and 133 use a Kti 3' termination region. pKS106 and 124 have single copies of the 36 nucleotide Eagl-ELVISLIVES sequence surrounding a Notl site (the amino acids given in parentheses are back-translated from the complementary strand): SEQ ID NO:24.
EagI E L V I S L I V E S NotI
CGGCCG GAG CTG GTC ATC TCG CTC ATC GTC GAG TCG
GCGGCCGC

(S) (E) (V) (I) (L) (S) (I) (V) (L) (E) EagI
CGA CTC GAC GAT GAG CGA GAT GAC CAG CTC CGGCCG

pKS 133 has 2X copies of ELVISLIVES surrounding the Notl site: SEQ ID NO:25 EagI E L V I S L I V E S EagI E L V I S
cggccggagctggtcatctcgctcatcgtcgagtcg gcggccg gagctggtcatctcg L I V E S NotI (S) (E (V) (I) (L) (S) (I) (V) (L) (E) EagI
ctcatcgtcgagtcg gcggccgc cgactcgacgatgagcgagatgaccagctc cggccgc (S) (E) (V) (I) (L) (S) (I) (V) (L) (E) EagI
cgactcgacgatgagcgagatgaccagctc cggccg The idea is that the single EL linker (SCR) can be duplicated to increase stem lengths in increments of approximately 40 nucleotides. A series of vectors will cover the SCR lengths between 40 bp and the 300 bp. Various target gene lengths are also under evaluation. It is believed that certain combinations of target lengths and complementary region lengths will give optimum suppression of the target, although preliminary results would indicate that the suppression phenomenon works well over a wide range of sizes and sequences. It is also believed that the lengths and ratios providing optimum suppression may vary somewhat given different target sequences and/or complementary regions.
The efficiency of Fad2 suppression using 1XEL (pKS132) was compared to Fad2 suppression using the 2XEL (pKS136) construct. Hygromycin resistant lines of soybean embryos were isolated from independent transformation experiments with pKS132 and pKS136. Out of 98 lines containing pKS132, 69% displayed the high oleic phenotype. Out of 54 lines containing pKS136, 70% displayed the high oleic acid phenotype. Thus, both 1X and 2XEL constructs efficiently suppressed the Fad2 target gene.

Suppression the Diverged Delta-9 Desaturase Results in High Stearate Phenotypes The two soybean delta-9 desaturase genes previously identified, designated pDS 1 and 2 (US Pat Nos. 5,443,974 and 5,760,206) share a high degree of homology to other known delta-9 desaturase genes such as castor and safflower (US Pat No. 5,723,595). The genes of the present invention have less than 65%
amino acid sequence identity to these previously described plant delta-9 desaturase polypeptides. All of the soybean delta-9 desaturase genes were placed into E.
coli and shown to have delta-9 desaturase activity. To test if the three genes had comparable activities in vivo, transgenic plants were constructed.
Delta-9 desaturase enzymes introduce a double bond into stearic acid to form oleic acid. Inhibition of this activity should result in an increase in stearic acid content and a correlative reduction in unsaturated fatty acids in the oil. An 3o antisense construct of pDS1 (pKS6) was made using the entire coding region in reverse orientation inserted into the Smal/Xbal site of pCST2 (PCT Publication No. WO 94/11516, published May 26, 1994) behind a beta-conglycinin promoter. A
cosuppression construct was made (pRB1) where the Hindlll fragment containing the beta-conglycinin promoter and the phaseolin 3' terminator from pAW35 (US
Patent No. 5,952,544) was inserted into the Hindlll site of pML18 (PCT
Publication No. WO 94/11516, published May 26, 1994) to form pBS19. The coding region of pDS1 was inserted into the Not I site of pBS19 to form pRB1. Finally, a cosuppression construct was made using pDS3 (pBS68, SEQ ID NO:26) by placing approximately 950 basepairs of pDS3 in the sense orientation between 2XEL
complementary regions as described in Example 9 (the pDS region of pBS68 is from positions 6054-6611 linked to 1-411 of SEQ ID NO:26). The construct has a Kti3 promoter (position 3260-5348 of SEQ ID NO:26), a Kti3 terminator (position 523-725 of SEQ ID NO:26), and hygromycin selection (position 1920-880 of SEQ
ID
NO:26). Soybean transformations were done as previously described (Example 7), and soybean embryo tissue was assayed. As outlined in Example 8, soybean embryo tissue is representative of seed tissues when seed specific promoters such io as beta-conglycinin or Kti3 are used.
The results shown in Table 10 demonstrate that pDS3,is as good, or better, than pDS1 at increasing stearic acid content in oils when cosuppressed in plant tissue. On average there is a 7.4-fold increase in 18:0 content with pDS3 (pBS68) versus 4.5 for the cosuppressed pDS1. Antisense or cosuppression gave similar is results. The tranformants that showed the highest levels of stearic acid are shown in the "best" columns.

18:0 Content of Wild Type and Transgenic High 18:0 Soybean Somatic Embryos wild type high 18:0 fold best best fold # of high (s.d.) (s.d.) increase 18:0 increase 18:0 events pKS6 3.6 (0.8) 16.7 (5.6) 4.6x 34.5 9.6x 40 pRBI 3.4 (0.5) 15.4 (3.7) 4.5x 20.6 6.1x 10 pBS68 2.5 (0.8) 18.6 (6.9) 7.4x 29.1 11.6x 10 20 These results confirm that the diverged delta-9 desaturase sequences do encode functional enzymes. Furthermore, pDS3 may be the dominant activity found in soybeans. The conserved sequence elements KEIPDDYFWLVGDMITEEALPTYQTMLNT corresponding to positions 116-145 of SEQ ID NO:23; and DYADILEFLVGRWK corresponding to positions 324-337 of 25 SEQ ID NO:23 from the Thompson patent (US Patent No. 5,723,595) that are claimed to be indicative of delta-9 desaturases are not conserved in the diverged sequences of the instant invention. Therefore, the sequences of the instant invention define a new functional class of plant delta-9 desaturase genes.

Sequence Listing.txt SEQUENCE LISTING

<110> E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Corngany <120> Nucleotide Sequences of a New Class of Diverged Delta-9 Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase <130> 753-1940/DPC

<140> National Phase Entry of PCT/US:I'1/26246 <141> 22 August 2001 <150> 60/226996 <151.> 2000-08-22 <160:> 26 <170:> Microsoft Office 9-.' <210:> 1 <211:> 1560 <212.> DNA
<213:> Glycine max <400:> 1 gaggcgttgg atctggcact cgt':ttgctg tggi:tgctct ctgaaactga aagcgaagca 60 gcagcc:actg aaaagcagaa aacaaaggga aageacaagc tt.agccatgc tgagtattat 720 attcaaggaa ttcgtcaagt acaatagaca cgtaatcaaa accatgcaga tacgaacctg 180 ccactccatc accacccaaa cccttccaca acttccg tgt tcttctagaa aagcccacca 240 ccgccacctt cttccgccgt taaacgctgc ggtttcc:gcg gcgccgttca aagcccggaa 300 ggcccactca atgcctccag aaaagaaaga aatI:ttcaaq tccttggagg gatgggc:ctc 360 ggagtgggtc ctaccgctgc tgaagcccgt ggagcaatgc tggcagccac aaaacttcct 420 ccctgacccc tcccttccgc atgaagagtt cagccatcaq gt.gaaggagc ttcgcgaacg 480 cactaaagag ttacctgatg agtactttgt ggtq~l.~_tgtg ggtga+ooot.gq tcaccgagga 540 cgcgcttccc acttaccaga ccatgatcaa caac:cttgat ggagtgaaag atgacagcgg 600 cacgagcccg agcccgtggg ccgtgtggac ccggq "t:gq accgccgagq aaaacegaca 660 cggggatctg ctcagaactt att.tgtatct ctc1. gq:7agq gttgacetgg ctaaggtcga ''20 aaagaccgta cattacctca tttcagctgg catggacccs gggacagaca acaacc:cata 80 tttggggttt gtgtacacgt cattccaaga gcgrgcaaca tttgtggcgc acgggaacac 840 ggctcggctc gcgaaggagg gcggggatcc agtgctagcq c.gcctargcg ggaccatcgc 900 agcggacgag aagcggcacg agaacgcgta c:tc,.Ldq 3tc gtggagaagc ttctggaagt 960 ggaccccacc ggggcaatgg tggccatagg gaacatcatg gagaggaaga tcacgatqcc 1020 ggcgcacctt atgtacgatg gggatgaccc caggctattc gagcact,act ccgctgtggc 1080 gcagcgcata ggcgtgtaca ccgccaacga ctacgc:qac atcttggaqt ttc'-cgttga 1i40 acggtggaga ttggagaagc ttgaaggatt gatrq:[nec gggaagaggg cgcaggattt 1200 cgtgtatggg ttggcgccga ggattaggag gttgc<>gaa cgcgctgatg agcgagcgcg 1260 taagatgaag aagcatcatg gcgt-taagtt cage ggatt ttcaataaag aatt-gctttt 1320 gtgaaatttc agttaagact taagagataa gagrtagagq tcaacg1.gag tceacaggtt 1380 t_ttggctttg tgactatttt gagtttttgt ttgt.,aq_Itgq catttIIaq- acgaataatg 1440 aacaatttaa catggattgc gtctaatgga cattg;.tgga tccat(pit tg ttgttctggt 1.00 ggatacacaa ccagtaggac ttttttgttg t.:aac:g-ttgq cttgcatatt agct:taagtt 1560 <210> 2 <211> 405 <212>> PRT
<2:13> Glycine max <400> 2 Met Leu Ser Ile Ile Phe Lvs Glu Phe val. Lys Tyr Asn Arg His Val Ile Lys Thr Met Gln Ile Arg Thr Cys [?is Ser Ile Thr Thr GIn Thr Sequence Listing_.txt Leu Pro Gin Leu Pro Cys Ser Ser Arg Lys Ala His His Arq His Lou Leu Pro Pro Leu Asn Ala Ala Val Ser Ala Ala Pro Phe Lys Ala Arg 50 55 6C) Lys Ala His Ser Met Pro Pro Glu Lys I.,ys Glu Ile Phe llys Ser Leu Glu Gly Trp Ala Ser Glu Trp Val Lou '?co Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Glu Gln Cys Trp Gln Pro Gln Asn Phe Leu Pro Asp Pro Ser Len Pro His 100 105 7.10 Glu Glu Phe Ser His Gin Val Lys Glu Thu Arg Glu Arq Thr Lys Glu Leu 'ro Asp Glu Tyr Phe Val Val Leu Val Gly Asp Moo Val Thar Glu Asp Ala Leu Pro Thr Tyr Gin Thr Met Ile Asn Asn Len Asp Sly Val Lys Asp Asp Ser Gly Thr Ser Pro Ser 5rc Trp Ala Val Trp Th= Arg Ala Trp Thr Ala Glu Glu Asn Arg His -GGL,; Asp Lou Leu Arg Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Arg Val Asp Met Lila Lys Val Glu Lys Thr Val 195 200 2_05 His Tyr Leu Ile Ser Ala G__y Met Asp ''ro Gly Thr Asp Asn Asn Pro Tyr Leu Gly Phe Val Tyr Thr Ser Phe Gin Glu Arg Ala Thr Phe Val 225 230 231) 240 Ala His Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Lys Glu Gly Gly Asp Pro Val Leu Ala Arg Leu Cys Gly Thr Ile Ala ?:la Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Asn Ala Tyr Ser Arg Ile Val Glu Lys Lou Leu GLu Val Asp Pro Thr Gly Ala Met Val Ala Ile Sly Asn Met Met Glu Lys Lys Ile Thr Met Pro Ala His Leu Met Tyr Asp Sly Asp Asp Pro Arg Leu Phe Glu His 305 310 .315 320 Tyr Ser Ala Val Ala Gln Arg Ile Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala Asn Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ile Leu Glu Phe Leu Val Glu A.ro Trp Arg Leu Glu Lys Leu Glu Gly Leu Met ala Glu Gly Lys Arg Ala Gin Asp Phe Val Cys Sly Leu Ala Pro Arg Ile Arg Arg Lou Gln -alu Arg Ala Asp Glu Arq Ala Secuence List:inq.txt Arg Lys Met Lys Lys His His Gly Val [.,ys the Ser Trp Ile the Asn Lys G_u Leu Leu Lou <210> 3 <211.> 563 <212> DNA
<213> Zea mays <220:>
<221> unsure <222> (308) <223:> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222:> (458) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220:>
<221:> unsure <222> (483) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222:> (494) <223> n = a, c, g or t <22.0>
<221> unsure <222> (519) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222;> (521) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222> (545) <223> n = at C, g or t <220>
<221 unsure <222=> (550) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221>> unsure <222;> (557) <223> n = a, c, g or t <400,> 3 agcgaccaaa cccgggcacc tcgt:ctagct cgcc:.ttccat ttcgt:cccLt cctattcata 60 ctaccttcta cgagtttgag cagccatggc ggc;.acaaca ccactgcttg ctgtggctgg 120 acatqgagta tcctacaaac cagcaaatgc taaaga,-agc tactactgct tcaaatttgc ]80 atcat:cggca agaacaagag tcaccctccc ac a,;at,Catc cactggagc[: gcaggagcag 240 tcatagcagc acggggacca cgaccatggc c;gt .n .'qq~_c ctcaaq<ggc gggagaagca 300 ggacgaanag caggaatgga tggggtacct qgc_ ~ ,.jgaq aagctq~tagg tgct.agcaca 360 Sequence Listinq.txt cctggagccg tgggcggagg cgr_acgtgct gcc7ctgctg aagcccgcgg aggagggtgg 420 aaccgtcgga catctccgga ccggcgcgct ggcgacangg ctcacaccgt gccgc:aactc 480 gcncoggggg caantgccga cccactgggt gct;_rgtggna natatacgaq gaggctgcca 540 gtcaaagcgn ccaacgntca ggg 563 <210> 4 <211> 110 <212> PRT
<213:> Zea mays <220>
<221> UNSURE
<222:> (75) <223> Xaa = ANY AMINO ACID
<400:> 4 Met Ala Ala Thr Thr Pro Leu Lei" Ala Cal Ala Giy His Sly Val Ser Tyr Cys Pro Ala Asn Ala Lys Asp Ser Tyi: Tyr: Cys Phe I.,ys Phe Ala Ser Ser Ala Arg Thr Arg Val Thr Leu Fro Gln Il.e 11e His Trp Arg Cys Arg Ser Ser His Ser Ser Thr Gly r:hr Thr Thr Her ala Val Pro Val Leu Lys Arg Arg Glu Lys Gin Asp Xaa Gl.n Glu Trp Met Gly Tyr Leu Ala Pro Glu Lys Leu Glu Val ].,eu Ala His Leu Glu Pro Trp Ala Glu Ala His Val Leu Pro Leu Leu L,ys Pro Ala Glu Slu <210> 5 <211> 880 <212> DNA
<213> Zea mays <400> 5 cgtcggcacg agcggcacga gctcgtgccg cgtc:cactcc acagtcaccc accgccgcct 60 cctccagcgt ccggcccgta cgccgcgcag ccaacccagc gggcacgatg caggcccacg 1'20 gcatc:gccat ccgcgcccgc gggccggtgg c:ggc:gacgca ggcccccgcg cgccgacggc 180 aatgccgcgt gtctgcggcg gcggtcggcg c:gc,:cqcgc gcgcgc-ccic gtgacgcact 240 cgatcrccgcc ggagaaggcg gaggtgttcc gctcgctgga gggctgcgqcg gcgcggtcgc 350 tgctcrccgct gctcaagccc gtggaggagt gctcrgcagcc ggcggac.tt.c ctcccgcact 3Ã0 cctccrtccga gatgttcggg cacgaggtcc qcg<:gctccg cgcccgc:gc, gcggggctcc 420 ccgacgagta cttcgtcgtg ctcgtgggcg acatgctcac ggaagacrgcx4 ctgccc,acgt 480 accacraccat gatcaacacg ctcgacggcg tcc;ccacga gaccggcgcc agcacactgcc 540 cctgcrgcggt ctggacgcgc gcctggaccg cog,gcagaa ccgcgaccgc gacatcctcg 600 gcaacrtacat gtacctatcc ggccgcgtcg aca`.grgcat ggtcgagaaq accgtccagt 650 acctcatcgg ctccggcatg gatc:ccggaa cgg<," Iccacaa cccgtacctq ggcttgt 720 acaccragctt ccaggagcgc gcgacggccg t:ctc:Icacgg C. aacaccgcg cggctcccc_a 750 gggccrcacgg ggacgacttc ttgcrcgcgcg cctcc cggac: caacc(:Icccgc caacaagaaa 840 cgaas.caaaa cgggttaagg ggcatcctcc aag:ac tqq 860 <210; 6 <211> 257 <212> PRT

Sequence Listing.txt <213> Zea mays <400> 6 Met Sin Ala His Gly Ile Ala Ile Arg 'Sla Arg Gly Pro Val Ala Ala Thr Gln Ala Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg Gin lys Arg Val Ser Ala Ala Ala Val Gly Ala Pro Ala Ala Arg Ala Arg ,,ai Thr His Ser Met Fro Pro Glu Lys Ala Glu Val Phe Arg Ser Leu 1i.i Gip Trp Ala Ala Arg Ser Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Glu Gli.a Cys Trp Gin Pro ALa Asp Phe Len Pro Asp Ser Ser Ser Glu Met She Gly His Glu Val Arg Glu Leu Arg Ala Arg Ala Ala Gly Leu Pro Asp Gin Tyr Phe Val Vol Leu Val Lip Asp Met Val Thr GLu Glu Ala ':.,eu Pro Thr Tyr Gin Thr Met Ile Asn Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Asp tiu Thr Gly Ala Ser Asn Cys Pro Trp Ala Val Trp Thr Arg Ala Trp r Ala Glu Gin Asn Arg His Gly Asp Ile Leu Gly Lys Tyr Met Tyr Lou Ser Gly Arg Val Asp Met Arg Met Val Glu Lys Thr Val Gin Tyr Len Ile Gly Ser Gly Met Asp 180 18S 7.90 Pro Gly Thr Glu Asn Asn Pro Tyr Leu 1;1p)p Phe Val Tyr Thr Ser Phe Gin Glu Arg Ala Thr Ala Val Ser His Lip Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Pro Arg Ala His Gly Asp Asp Phe Leu Ala Arq Ala Cys Gly Thr As n, Arg Arg Gln Gin Glu Thr Lys Gin Asn Gly L,ei.a Arg Gly Ile Leu Gin Glu 245 5) 255 Val <210> 7 <211> 463 <212> DNA
<213> Oryza sativa <220>
<221> unsure <222> (334) <223> n = a, c, g or t Sequence Listi_ng.txt <220>
<221> unsure <222> (350) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222> (358) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221.> unsure <222:> (431) <223:> n = a, c, g or t <220:>
<221> unsure <222> (434) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222> (436) <223 n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221:> unsure <222> (444) <223> n = a, c, g or t <220>
<221> unsure <222> (452) <223=> n = a, C. g or t <220>
<221;> unsure <222> (463) <223> n = a, c, g or t <400> 7 gtacctctcc ggccgcttcg acat:ggccga ggtggagcgc gccgtggacc gcctcat.ccg 60 ctccggcatg gccgtcgacc cgccgtgcag cccdtaccac gccttc:gtc:t acacggcgtt 120 ccaggagcgc gccacggcgg tcgc:ccacgg caaIacdgcq cggctggtcg gcgcgcaagg 180 gcacggcgac gccgccctcg cccgcgtctg cggcaccgtc gccgccgacq agaagcggca 240 cgaggccgcc tacacccgca tcgtctccag gctccrtc:gag qccgacccciq acgccggcgt 360 gcgcgcggtg gcgcgcatgc tacggcgagg ggtriccccaa tgccgaactn ggcccatnct 360 ccgac:ggccg ccgcgacgac ctct:aacgcc tgccgtcggtq t_ccct~cgc cgaagcaggg 420 ccgggacgta nagngnggtc ggantaactg gntca~:.tccq tcn 463 <210> 8 <211> 111 <212> PRT
<213> Oryza sativa <400> 8 Tyr Leu Ser Gly Arg Phe Asp Met. ala (AL. Val Glu Arg Ala Val. His Arg Leu Ile Arg Ser Gly Met ala Val Asp Pro Pro Cys Our Pro Tyr 20 25 '30 His Ala Phe Val Tyr Thr Ala Phe Gin G1< Arc Ala Thr_ Ala Val. Ala Sequence Listinq.txt His Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg L,eu Val. GLy F,1a Arq Gly His i,Iv Asp Ala Ala Leu Ala Arg Val Cys Gly Thr Val ',la Ala Asp Glu ,ys Arg His Glu Ala Ala Tyr Thr Arg Ile Val Ser Arq Leu Leu Glu Ala Asp Pro Asp Ala Gly Val Arg Ala Val Ala Arg Per Lei- Arg Arq Gly Val_ <210:> 9 <211> 1483 <212:> DNA
<213> Zea mays <400:> 9 gcacgagagc gaccaaaccc gggcacctcg tctagctcgc cttccatttc crtcccttcct 60 attcatacta ccttctacga gtttgagcag cca':::ggcggc aacaacacca ctgcttgctg 120 tggctggaca tggagtatcc tacaaaccag caaatgctaa agacagctac tactgcttca 180 aatttgcatc atcggcaaga acaagagtca ccc*icccaca gatcatocac tggaggtgca 240 ggagcagtca tagcagcacg gggaccacga ccatggccgt acctgtrctc aagcggcggg 300 agaagcagga cgaagagcag gaatggatgg ggtacctggc cc_cggagaeg ctggaggtgc 360 tagcacacct ggagccgtgg gcggaggcgc acgtgctgcc gctgctgaag cccgcggagg 420 aggcttggca gccgtcggac atcctcccgg acccgcr::ggc gutggg,-:gac qc t-tcc 480 acgacacgtg ccgcgagctc cgc:gcgcggg cggcincgt g^ccgac:gcc cacctlgtgt 540 gcctggtggg caacatgatc actgaggagg ccctg -cac gtacc.~i,lagc gtgcctaacc <00 gcttcaaggc cgtgcgcgac ctcaccggcg ccgactccac cgcctgggcq cgctggatcc 660 gcggct.ggtc cgccgaggag aaccgccacg gcgz:L, Cct: cagcca.-tac atgtacctct 20 cgggccgcgt cgacatgcgc caggtcgacc gcac::c It.aca ccgc -_t : at:c gcct_ccggca "'80 tggccatgaa cgccgccagg agcccctacc acgctc'.tcat ctacgtcgct ttccaggagc 840 gcgccaccgc catctcgcac ggcaacatgg cgcggc.acgt cggcgcgcac ggcgaccacg 900 tgctcgcccg cgtatgcggc gccatcatgg ccqgagaa gcgccacgag accgcataca 960 cccgca.tcgt cgccaagctc ttcgaggtcg acccglacgc ggccgtgcgc gcgctcggct 1020 acatga.tgcg ccaccggatc accatgccgg cagc,l dear gaccg cggc cgcgacgCcc 10.80 acttctacgc ccactacgcc gccgccgcgc agcr:.gaccgq cgtgtacact gcgtctgact 1140 accgaagcat cctggagcac ctcatacggc agt_?q :lcgt ggaggagctC gcggcggggc 1:300 tctccggcga ggggaggcgc gcgcgggact acgrg_lc:gq gctguca-ic aagatccgga 1<''60 ggatggagga gaaggcccat gacagggcgg Cccz:gi cca gaaaaaaccc acgtctgtcc 1.520 cgtttagctg gatcttcgat agatccgtca atgtcgCgat tccgtnattt tc_tcaaaaa 1580 aaattgagaa tcaggttatg cttagaggtg cat, ca tgt tgtgtggatt atcc:ttgcaa 1440 taaaaaaaca acgccttgcg ggtgaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa 1483 <210-> 10 <211> 424 <212> PRT
<213> Zea mays <400> 10 Met Ala Ala Thr Thr Pro Leu Leu Ala Val. Ala Gl.y His Gly Val Ser 1 5 1. i Tyr Lys Pro Ala Asn Ala Lys Asp Ser Tyr: Tyr Cys Phe Lys Phe Ala Ser Ser Ala Arg Thr Arg Val Thr Leu Pro Gin Ile Ile His Trp Arg Cys Arg Ser Ser His Ser Ser Thr Gly Thr Too Thr Her Ala Vol Pro Sequence Listing. txt Val leu Lys Arg Arg Glu Lys Gln Asp Pin. Gin Gln Glu Trp Met Gly Tyr Leu Ala Pro Glu Lys Lou Glu Val eu Ala His Lea Glu Pro Trp Ala Glu Ala His Val Leu Pro Leu Leu lys Pro Ala Glu Glu Ala Trp Gln Pro Ser Asp Met Leu Pro Asp Pro Ala Ala Leu Ply Asp Glu Gly Phe His Asp Ala Cys Arg Glu Leu Arg AN Arg Ala Ala Per VaL Pro 130 1.35 140 Asp Ala His Leu Val Cys Leu Val Gly Asn Met Ile Thr Glu Glu Ala 145 150 1.55 160 Leu Pro Thr Tyr Gln Ser Val Pro Asn ierg Phe Glu Ala Val Arq Asp 165 179) 175 Lou Thr Gly Ala Asp Ser Thr Ala Trp Ala Arg Trp lie Arg Gly lop Ser Ala Glu Glu Asn Arg His Gly Asp Iota Leu Ser His Tyr Met Tyr Leu Per Gly Arg Val Asp Met Arg Gln Pa_- Asp Arg Thr Val His Arg Leu :_le Ala Ser Gly Met Ala Met Asn Ala Ala Arg Ser Pro Tyr His Gly Phe Ile Tyr Val Ala Phe Gln Glu Arq Ala Thr Ala Ile Ser His Gly Asn Met Ala Arg His Val Gly Ala Ells Gly Asp His Val Lea Ala Arg Val Cys Gly Ala Ile Met Ala Asp Lu Lys Arg His G1, u III]: Ala Tyr Thr Arg Ile Val Ala Lys Leu Phe !;1u Vol Asp Pro Asp Ala Ala Val Arg Ala Leu Gly Tyr Met Met Arg Nos Arg Ile Thr Met Pro Ala Ala Leu Met Thr Asp Gly Arg Asp Ala fks Leu Tyr Ala His Tyr Ala Ala Ala Ala Gln Gin Thr Ply Val Tyr Phr Ala Ser Asp Tyr Ar.g Ser Ile Leu Glu His Leu Ile Log Gln Trp Log Val Glu Glo Leu Ala Ala Gly Leu Per Gly Glu Gly Log Arg Ala 7arg Asp Tyr Va Cys Plo Leu Pro His Lys Ile Arg Arg Met Glu Glu Lys Ala His Asp Arg Ala Ala Gln :'hr Gin Lys Lys Pro Thr Ser Val Pro Phe Ser Trp Ile Phe Asp Sequence Listing.txt Arg Ser Val Asn Val Val Ile Pro <210;> 11 <211> 1415 <212> DNA
<213> Zea mays <400=> 11 gcacgagcgg cacgagcggc acgagctcgt gccgcgtcca ctccacagtc acccaccgc_c 60 gcctcctcca gcgtccggcc cgtacgccgc gcacrcc.aacc cagcgggcac gatgcaggcc 120 cacggcatcg ccatccgcgc ccgcgggccg gtgc:cggcga cgcaggcccc cgcgcgccga ].80 cggcaatgcc gcgtgtctgc ggcggcggtc ggc:rcgcc:cg ccgcgcgcgc ccgcgtgacg 240 cactc:gatgc cgccggagaa ggcggaggtg ttc::::qctcgc tggagggctq ggcggcgcgg 200 tcgtggctgc ctctgctcaa gcccgtggag gagt:gctggc agacggcgga cttcctccc_g 260 gactcctcgt ccgagatgtt cgggcacgag gtcc;gcgagc tgcgcgcccg cgccgcgggg 420 ctccccgacg aggacttcgt cgtgctcgtg ggc;tac<t1D tcacggaaqa ggcgctgccc 480 acgtaccaga ccatgatcaa cacqctcgac ggctlc."q-, q acgagc:cqq cgcc:agcaac 540 tgccc:ctggg cggtctggac gcgc:gcctgg accgcagq agaaccgcca cggcgacatc 700 ctcggcaagt acatgtacct atccggccgc gtcgac:atgc gcatggtcqa gaagaccgtc 660 cagtacctca tcggctccgg catggatccc ggaoicggaga acaacccgta cct;gggcttc 720 gtgtacacga gcttccagga gcgc:gcgac:g gccgtct:cgc acggcaaccuc cgcgcggctc 780 gccagggcgc acggggacga cgtc:ctggcq cgc.:;cctgc.q gcaccatcgc cg.:.cgac:gag 240 aagcggcacg agacggcgta cggqcgcatc gtcgadc:agc tgctgcagct ggacccggag 900 ggcgccgtgc tcgccgtcgc ggacatgatg cgccagcgga tcaccatgcc cgcgcacctc 960 atgcacgacg gccgcgacat ggac:ctgttc gagcact.tcq ccgccg'~cgc ccagc;gc:utc 1020 ggcgtgtaca ccgcccggga ctacgcggac atc:rccgagt tcct.gtcc:.a gcggtgqaag 1080 ctggagacac tggagagcgg gctctccggc gagggccgea gggccaggga ctttgtetgc 1'40 gggctcgcgc cgaggatgcg ccgggccgcg gagc:gcgccg aggacagggc caagaaggac 1200 gagcc:cagga tggtcaagtt cagc:tggatc tttcataggg aagccgttc t ttaggc:actt 1260 gttgc:taact gtgatatgtq ctatgatcat gtccc.;aact. q*cagt-gtct ttgtcac:att 1220 gtgtt.tatgt gtttgaaatg ccgtaagagt gtttt:t:tcc tgctattatc: acaaaattct 1180 gcagaaatat atgttctaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa<a 1415 <210%> 12 <211> 380 <212> PRT
<213% Zea mays <400%> 12 Met Gln Ala His Gly Ile Ala Ile Arg Al.a. Arg Gly Prc Val Ala Ala Thr Gln Ala Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg Gin Cye. Arg Val Ser Ala Ala Ala Val Gly Ala Pro Ala Ala Arg Ala Arg Vol :Thr His Ser Met Pro Pro Glu Lys Ala Glu Val Phe Arg Ser Leu C1.u. Gly Trp Ala Ala Ara Ser Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Glu Ulu Sys Trp Gln Pro Ala Asp Phe Leu Pro Asp Ser Ser Ser Glu Met Poe Sly His Glu Vol Arg Glu Leu Arg Ala Arg Ala Ala Gly Leu Pro Asp Slu Tyr Phe Val Val Leu 100 105 1"10 Val Gly Asp Met Val Thr Glu Glu Ala Lett Pro Thr Tyr G1In Thr Met Sequence Listinq.txt Ile Asn Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Asp Sic Thr Gly Ala Ser Asn Cys Pro Trp Ala Val Trp Thr Arg Ala Trp ''hr Ala Glu Glu Asn Arg His Gly Asp Ile Leu Gly Lys Tyr Met Tyr Leu Ser Gly Arg Val Asp Met Arg Met Val Glu Lys Thr Val Gin Tyr ;_,eu Ile Gly Ser Sly Met Asp Pro Gly Thr Glu Asn Asn Pro Tyr Lou Sly Phe Val Tyr Thr Ser Phe Gln Glu Arg Ala Thr Ala Val Ser His GLy Asn Thr Ala l arg Leu Ala Arg Ala His Gly Asp Asp Val Leu Ala Pro Ala Cys G1.;y Thr Ile Ala 225 230 23`) 240 Ala Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Thr Ala '.'yr Sly Arg I.le Val Glu Gin Leu Leu Gin Leu Asp Pro Glu Gly Ala Va- Leu Ala Val Ala Asp Met Met Arg Lys Arg Ile Thr Met Pro Ala His Leu Met His Asp Gly Arg Asp Met Asp Leu Phe Glu Dos Phe Ala Ala Val. Al.a Gin Arg Leu Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala Arg Asp Tyr Ala Asp , _e Va Glu Phe Leu Vai Lys 305 310 31.5 320 Arg Trp Lys Leu Glu Thr Leu Glu Ser Sly Leu Ser Gly Glu 7. iv Arg Arg Ala Arg Asp Phe Val Cys Gly Leu Pro Arg Net Arg Arg Ala Ala Glu Arg Ala Glu Asp Arg Ala Lys Lys Asp Glu Pro Arg Met Val Lys Phe Ser Trp Ile Phe Asp Arg Gin Al_~a Va1. VaI

<210> 13 <211> 773 <212> DNA
<213> Oryza sativa <400> 13 gcaccaggta cctctccggc cgct:tcgaca tggc:cccaggt: ggagcgcgcc gtgcaccgcc 60 tcatc:cgctc cggcatggcc gtcgacccgc cgtgcagccc gtaccacgcc ttcgtctaca 120 cggcgttcca ggagcgcgcc acggcggtcg ccc_icgccaa cacggcgcgg ctcgtcggcg 160 cgcgagggca cggcgacgcc gccctcgccc gcgt:ctgcgg caccgtcgcc gccgacgaga 290 agcggcacga ggccgcctac acccgcatcg tctocaygot cctcgaggcc gacccgtacg 300 ccggc:gtgcg cgcggtggcg cgcatgctac ggcgaclgggt cgccatgccg acctcgccca 360 tctccgacgg ccgccgcgac gacctctacg cctscgtcgt g'lccctc:gcc gagcaggccg 420 ggacgtacac ggtgtcggac tact:gctcca tcgtcgagca cgtggtgcgg gagtggcgcg 460 Sequence Listinq.txt tggaggagct cgcggcgggg ctctccggcg aagggr_ggcg cgcgcgggac tacgtgt.gcg 540 agctgccgca gaagatccgg aggatgaagg agaasggccca tgagagggcg gtcaaggccc 6'90 agaagaagcc catcagcatc ccgattaatt ggat:atttga taggcacgt:c agtgtcatgc 660 tgccctaatt taattaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa:.;aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 720 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa 773 <210> 14 <211:> 219 <212> PRT
<213:> Oryza sativa <400:> 14 Tyr :Ieu Ser Gly Arg Phe Asp Met Ala ;71u Val Glu Arg Ala Val His 1 5 1.0 15 Arg :Ieu Ile Arg Ser Gly Met Ala Val Asp Pro Pro Cys Set Pro Tyr His Ala Phe Val Tyr Thr Ala Phe Gin ::lu Arg Ala Thr Ala Val Ala His Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Val Gly Ala Arg Gl.y His Gly Asp Ala Ala Leu Ala Arg Val Cys Gly Thr Vol ['.lc Ala Asp Gl.a Lys Arg His Glu Ala Ala Tyr Thr Arg Ile Val Ser Acg Len Leu GIu Ala Asp Pro 85 90) 95 Asp Ala Gly Val Arg Ala Val Ala Arg Met Leu Arg Arg Gly Val Ala Met Pro Thr Ser Pro Ile Ser Asp Gly Log Arg Asp Asp Len Tyr Ala Cys Val Val Ser Leu Ala Glu Gln Ala G1y Thr Tyr Thr Val Ser Asp :_30 135 140 Tyr Cys Ser Ile Val Glu H=_s Leu Val A'Arg Glu Trp Arg Val Glu Glu Leu Ala Ala Gly Leu Ser G=_y Glu Gly Arg Arg Ala Arg Asp Tyr Val Cys Glu Leu Pro Gin Lys I__e Arg Arg Her Lys Glu Lys Ala H I s Glu 180 185 :-90 Arg Ala Val Lys Ala Gln Lys Lys Pro lie Ser Ile Pro Ile Asn Trp 195 200 20'5 Ile Phe Asp Arg His Val Ser Val Met Leu Pro <210> 15 <211> 1318 <212>> DNA
<213> Oryza sativa <400>> 15 gcacgagaac tagctactgt agttgactga cagt:gatagt_ ggcagtcatg caggtcgtgg 60 gaaccgtgcg tgtcagtggc tgcqgcgcgg tggtggcqcc ctcgcgc:cgo cagtgccgcg 120 tgtccgcggc ggtgctgacg gccqcggaga cggrgarrggc gacgcggcqc_ cgcgtgacgc 180 Sequence Listing.txt actcgatgcc gccggagaag gcggaggtgt tccggtc:Gct ggaagggtgg gcgaggtcgt 240 cgctgctgcc gctgctcaag cccgtggagg agtgctggca gccgacggac ttcctgC. cgg 300 actcqtcgtc ggagatgttc gaooaccagg tcc:gagct ccgcgcgcgc accgcggggc 360 tccccgacga gtacttcgtc gggctggtcg gggis qat taccgaggag gcgctgccga 420 cgtaccagac catgatcaac acgctggacg gcgCc,-jcga cgagaccggc: cccIgcgcct X180 gcccctgggc cgtctggacg cgcacctgga ccgc:cgagga gaaccgccac ggcgacatcc 540 tcggcaagta catgtacctc tccggccgcg tcgz:cca1gcq catggtcgag aagaccgtoc 600 agtacctcat cggctccggc atcgatccgg ggacgtl-:gaa caacccgtoo ctggggta cg 660 tgtacaccag cttccaggag cgcgcgacgg cogt::gt_rgca cgggaacaag gcgcgcct_cg -720 ccagggcgca cggggacgac gtcctggcgc goaccb-acgg caccitcgoc gccgacgaga '80 agcggcacga gacggcgtac gggcgcatcg t:ggl:Lgcagct gctgcggct:c gac-cggacg 840 gcgccatgct cgccatcgcc gacatgatgc acaeiq oat cgccatgccc gcgcacctca 600 tgcacgacgg ccgcgacatg aacctgttcg accC: .c*ccgc cgccgtggcg cagcgcctca 960 acgtctacac cgcgcgcgac tacgccgaca tcg*:.cclagtt cctcctcaag cggtggaagc 1020 tggagaccct ggagactggg ctctccggcg eggcrco gag ggcccgggac tt gtgtg_g 080 ggctcgcgaa gaggatgcgg cgggccgcgg agcgg,lctga ggacagggct aagaaggatg 1-40 agcaga.ggaa ggtcaagttc agct:ggatct atg,-t<aggga agtgattgt:c tagtttaact 1200 tgtcttggtt gaattctgaa ttcccagtcc tag:tgetca tgccat-ttcg ttatcatctc 1.260 tgttcttgtg ttctctttgc aatgcagtaa att-:g~:aata aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 1318 <210> 16 <211> 381 <212> PRT
<213> Oryza sativa <400> 16 Met Gln Val Val Gly Thr Val Arg Val Gly Cys Gly Ala Val Val Ala Pro Ser Arg Arg Gln Cys Arg Val ":er Ala Ala Val Leu Thr Ala Ala Glu Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Arg Arg A.rci Val. Thr His Ser Met. Pro Pro Glu Lys Ala Glu Val Phe Arg Ser iei Glu Gty Trp Ala Arg Ser Ser Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Cu 1Glu Cys Trp G1n Pro "hr Asp Phe Leu Pro Asp Ser Ser Ser. Glu Net the Glu His Gin Val His Glu Leu Arg Ala Arg Ala Ala Gly Leu iro Asp Glu Tyr P h e Val. Val Leu Val Gly Asp Met Ile Thr G.lu Glu A.la. Leu Pro Thr Tyr Gin Thr Met Ile Asn Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Asp Glu Thr Gly Al.a S,-2',- Ala 130 1.35 1.40 Cys Pro Trp Ala Val Trp Thr Arg Thr Trp Thr Ala Glu G1u Asn Arg His Gly Asp Ile Leu Gly Lys Tyr Met Tyr Leu Ser G1y Arg Val Asp 165 7C l75 Met Arg Met Val Glu Lys Thr Val Gln Tyr Leu Ile Gly Ser Gly Met Asp Pro Gly Thr Glu Asn Asn Pro Tyr Gly Phe Val Tyr Thr Ser Pa: 12 Sequence Listing.txt Phe Gin Glu Arg Ala Thr Ala Val Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Arg Ala His Gly Asp Asp Vol Leu Ala Arg Thr Cys (31y Thr lie Ala Ala Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Thr Ala Tyr Gly Arg Ile Val Glu 245 '50 255 Gln Leu Leu Arg Leu Asp Piro Asp Gly Ala Met Leu Ala Ile Ala Asp Met Met His Lys Arg Ile Thr Met Pro ~?.la His Leu Met His Asp Gly Arg Asp Met Asn Leu Phe Asp His Phe rla Ala Val Ala Gin Arg Leu Asn Val Tyr Thr Ala Arg Asp Tyr Ala Asia Ile Val (7u Phe Leu Val 305 31.0 315 320 Lys Arg Trp Lys Leu Glu Thr Leu Glu ':'hr G1y Leu S e r Gly Glu G-'ly Arg Arg Ala Arg Asp Phe Val Cys Gly Leo Ala Lys Arq Met Arq Arg 340 345 ;350 Ala Ala Glu Arg Ala Glu Asp Arg Ala Lys Lys Asp Glu Gln Arg Lys 355 360 365) Val Lys Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Asp Arg G_u Val Ile Val <210> 17 <211> 384 <212> PRT
<213> Lupinus luteus <400>> 17 Met Gln Ile Gln Thr Cys Tyr Ser lie Arg Ile Gln lie Leu Pro Leu Pro Trp Ala Arg Arg Thr G1y Arg His Lys Met Leu Pro Pro Ile Ala Ala Ile Ser Ala Thr Pro Pro Ser Leu Lys Per Pro Lys Thr His Ser Met Pro Pro Glu Lys Ile Glu Ile Phe Lys Ser Leu Glu Per Trp Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Leu Pro Leu Leu Lys Pro Val G.Lu Gin Cys Trp Sin Pro Gln Glu Phe Val Pro Asp Ser Ser Leo Pro Phe Giy Asp Phe Thr 85 90 9`.
Asp Gln Val Lys Ala Leu Arg Asp Arg lhr Ala Glu Leu Pro G1u Glu Tyr Phe Val Val Leu Val Gly Asp Met tie Thr GLu Asp Ala Leu Pro Page -3 Sequence Listing.txt Thr Tyr Gln Ser Met Ile Asn Asn Lou Asp Gly Val Arq Asp Glu Thr Giy Ser Ser Pro Ser Pro Top Ala Leu ':'rp Thr Arg Ala Trp Thr Ala Glu Glu Lys Arg His Gly Asp Lou Leu A.rg Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Lou Ser 165 "_70 175 Gly Arg Val Asp Met Lys L,ys Ile Glu Lys Thr Val Gin Tyr Lou Ile Gly Ser Gly Met Asp Pro Gly Thr Glu Pan Asn Pro Tyr Lou Gly Phe 195 200 20`i Val Tyr Thr Ser Phe Gln GLu Arq Ala ''hr Phe Val Ser His Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Lys G=_u Gly Gly Asp Pro Val Lela Ala Arq_ Tie Cys Gly Thr Ile Ala Ala Asp Glu Lys Arq His Glu Asn Ala Tyr Ser 245 I`.i0 255 Arg Ile Val Glu Lys Lou Lou Glu Lou Asp Pro Thr Gly Ala Met Val Ala ]:le Gly Asp Met Met Gin Lys Lys Ile Thr Met Pro Ala His Lou 275 280 28`;
Met Tyr Asp Gly Glu Asp Pro Lys Lou Ile Asp His Phe Ser Ala Val Ala Gin Arg Met Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala ion Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ile Lou Glu Phe Leu Ile Gly Arg Trp Arg Lou Gir Lys Val GI.r, Asp Leu Lys Asp Glu Gly Lys Lys Ala Gin Asp Phe `A! Sys Gly Lieu Ala Pro Arg Ile Arg Arg Lou Gin Glu Arg Ala Asp Gli.: Arq Ala Arg Lys Met Lys Pro his Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Trp Ile She Asn Lys Glu Ile Ile Lou <210% 18 <211> 396 <212> PRT
<213> Cucumis sativus <400> 18 Met Ala Leu Lys Phe His Pro Lou Thr let Gin Ser Pro Lys Lou Pro Ser Phe Arg Met Pro Gin Leu Ala Ser Leu Arg Ser Pro Lys Phe Val Met Ala Ser Thr Leu Arg Ser Thr Ser Arq Giu Val Glu Thr Leo Lys Lys Pro Phe Met Pro Pro Arg Glu Val His Leu Gln Val Thr His Ser Sequence Listinq.txt Met Pro Pro Gin Lys Met Glu Ile Phe ys Ser Leu G1!i Asp Trp Ala Glu Glu Asn Leu Leu Val His Leu Lys Pro Val Glu Arq Cys Trp Gin Pro Gin Asp Phe Leu Pro Asp Ser Ala Phe Glu Gly Phe His Glu Gln Val Arg Glu Leu Arg Glu Ang Ala Lys (la Leu Pro Asp Glu Tyr Phe Val Val Leu Val Gly Asp Met Ile Thr Glu Glu Ala Leo Pro Thr Tyr 130 1.35 140 Gln Vhr Met Leu Asn Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Asp Glu Thr Gly Ala Ser Pro Thr Pro Trp Ala lie Trp Thr Log Ala Trp Thr Ala Gla Glu Asn Arg His Gly Asp Leu Leu Asn Lys Pyr Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Arg Val Asp Met Arg Gin Val G.Lu Lys Thr lie Gin Tyr Lea ::.le Gly Ser Gly Met Asp Pro Arg Thr Glu Asn Asn Pro 'Pyr Leu Gly Phe I.Le Tyr Thr Ser Phe Gin Glu Arg Ala Thr Phe ::1e Ser His Giy Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Lys Glu His Gly Asp Ile Lys Leu Ala Gin lie Cys Gly 245 ;'50 255 Thr _le Thr Ala Asp Glu Lys Arg His G1a Thr Ala Tyr Thr Lys Ile Val Glu Lys Leu Phe Glu Ile Asp Pro Idaz Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Phe 275 280 28`
Glu Glu Met Met Arg Lys Lys Val Ser Met: Pro Ala His Leu Met Tyr Asp Gly Arg Asp Asp Asn Leu Phe His His Phe Ser Ala Val Ala Gin Arg Leu Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala Lys Asp Pyr Ala Asp Isle Leu Glu Phe Leu Val Gly Arg Trp Lys Val Glu Ser Lea Thr Gly Len Ser Gly (fl u Gly Gin Lys Ala Gin Asp Tyr Val Cys Ala Leu Pro Ala Arg Ile Arg Lys Leu Glu Glu Arg Ala Gin Gly Arg Ala Lys Glu Giy Pro Thr Ile Pro Phe Ser Trp Ile Phe Asp Arg Gin Val Lys Leu.

Sequence Listing.txt <210:> 19 <211> 374 <212 PRT
<213> Arabidopsis thaliana <400> 19 Met Pro Ser Pro Ser Thr Phe Leu Ala Ser Arg Pro Arg Gly Pro Ala 1 5 l:i 1 5 Lys :le Ser Ala Val Ala Ala Pro Val Arg Pro Ala Len Lys His Gin Asn Lys Ile His Thr Met Pro Pro Glu Lys Met Glu Ile the Lys Ser Leu Asp Gly Trp Ala Lys Asp Gln Ile Leo Pro Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Asp Gln Cys Trp Gin Pro Ala Ser Phe ].,eu Pro Asp Pro Ala Leu Pro Phe Ser Glu Phe Thr Asp Gin Val Arg Slu Leu Arg Glu Arg Thr Ala Ser Leu Pro Asp Glu Tyr Phe Val Val Leu Val G1y Asp Met Ile Thr Glu Asp Ala Leu Pro Thr Tyr Gln Thr Met Ile Asn Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Asp Glu Thr Gly Ala Ser Glu ter Ala Trp Ala :Ser Trp Thr Arg Ala Trp Thr Ala Glu Glu Asn Arg His G1y Asp Leu Leu Arg Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Leu Ser Gly Arg Val Asp Met. Leu Met Val Glu Ar_g Thr 165 ]70 175 Val Gin His Leu Ile Gly Ser G1y Met Asp Pro Gly Thr Gin Asn Asn Pro Tyr Leu Gly Phe Val Tyr Thr Ser the Gin Glu Arg Ala Thr Phe Val Ser His Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu A.La Lys Ser Al- Gly Asp Pro Val Leu Ala Arg Ile Cys Gly Thr Ile Ala Ala Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Asn Ala Tyr Val Arg Ile Val Glu Lys Leu Leu Glu Ile Asp Pro Asn Gly Ala Val Ser Ala Val Ala Asp VA Met Arg Lys Lys Ile Thr Met Pro Ala His Len Met Thr Asp Gly A.rq Asp Pro Met Leu Phe Glu His Phe Ser Ala Val Ala Gin Arg Leu C:l.u Val Tyr Thr Ala Asp Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ile Leu Glu Phe Leu Val Gly Arg Trp Arg Leu Glu Lys Sequence Listing.txt Leu Glu Gly Leu Thr Gly Glu Gly Gln Arq Ala Gin G- -ii Phe Val Cys Gly Leu Ala Gln Arg Ile Arg Arg Leu :1n Glu Arg Ala Asp G1 i.1 Arg Ala Lys Lys Leu Lys Lys Thr His Glu Vol Cys Phe Ser T.rp Ile Phe Asp Lys Gln Ile Ser Val <210> 20 <211> 398 <212> PRT
<213> Simmondsia chinensis <400> 20 Met Ala Leu Lys Leu His His Thr Ala Phe Asn Pro Ser Met Ala Val Thr Ser Ser Gly Leu Pro Arg Ser Tyr Ills Leu Arg Ser His Arq Val Phe Met Ala Ser Ser Thr Ile Gly Ile ''hi: Ser Lys Giu Ile Pro Asn Ala Lys Lys Pro His Met Pro Pro Arg G1u.: Ala His Val. Gln Lys Thr 50 `55 60 His Ser Met Pro Pro Gin Lys Ile Glu -1e Phe Lys Set- Leu Glu Gly Trp Ala Glu Glu Asn Val Leu Val His Le- Lys Pro Val. Glu Lys Cys Trp Gl.n Pro Gln Asp Phe Lou Pro Asp Pro Ala Ser Glu Gly Phe Met Asp Gln Val Lys Glu Leu Aug Glu Arg 'hr Lys Glu lie Pro Asp Thu 115 120 12.5 Tyr Leu Val Val Leu Val Gly Asp Met le Thr Glu Thu Ala Leu Pro Thr. llyr Gln Thr Met Leu Asn Thr Leu Asc. Gly Val Arg Asp Glu Thr 145 150 1.55 160 Gly Ala Ser Leu Thr Ser T:sp Ala Ile Sup Thr Arg Ala '.'rp Thu Ala 165 1.70 175 Glu Glu Asn Arg His Gly Asp Leu Leu h.sn Lys Tyr Lou Syr Lou Thr Gly Arg Val Asp Met Lys Gin Ile Glu .ys Thr Ile Gin Tyr Levi Ile Gly Ser Gly Met Asp Pro Arg Ser Glu Asn Asn. Pro Tyr Leu Gly Phe Ile 'Cyr Thr Ser Phe Gln Giu Arg Ala Th.- Phe Ile Ser His Gly Asn Sequence Listing.txt Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Lys Asp His Gly Asp Phe Gin Leu Ala Gin Val Cys Gly Ile Ile Ala Ala Asp Glu Lys or-,-j His G1u Thr Ala Ty_ Thr 260 265 ;170 Lys -Ile Val Glu Lys Leu Phe Glu Ile eA,s:: Pro Asp Gly Ala Va L Lela Ala Leu Ala Asp Met Met Ang Lys Lys `~7a.L Ser Met Pro Ala His Leu Met Tyr Asp Gly Lys Asp Asp Asn Leu he Glu Asn Tyr Ser Ala Val 305 31.0 315 320 Ala Gln Gln Ile Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala ].ys Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ile Leo Glu His Leu Val Asn Arg T:p Lys Val Glu Asn Leu Met Gly Leu Ser Gly Glu Gly His Lys Ala Gin Asp Phe Va=_ Cys Gly Lou Ala Pro Arg Ile Arg Lys Leu Gly Glu Arg Ala Gin Oar Leu Ser Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Val Pro Phe Ser Trp Ile Phe Asn Lys Glu Leu Lys Val <210=> 21 <211> 411 <212> PRT
<213> Arabidopsis thaliana <400> 21 Met Ala Leu Leu Leu Asn Ser Thr Ile Thr. Val Ala Met Lys Gin Asn Pro Leu Val Ala Val Ser Phe Pro Arg "'hr: Thr Cys Lou Gly Sec Ser Phe Ser Pro Pro Arg Leu Leu Arg Val Ser Cys Val Ala Thr Asn Pro Ser Lys Thr Ser Glu Glu Thr Asp Lys Lys Lys Phe Arg Pro Ile Lys Glu Va1 Pro Asn Gln Val Thr His Thr .Ile "'hr Gin Glu Lys Leta 11lu Ile 1?he Lys Ser Met Glu Asn Trp Ala G I n Glu Asn Leo Leu Se-- P,,/,r Leu Lys Pro Val Glu Ala Ser Trp Gin 0:0 Gln Asp Phe Leu Pro Glu Thr Asn Asp Giu Asp Arg Phe Tyr Glu Gin Val Lys Cl:: -eu Arc; Asp Arg Thr Lys Glu Ile Pro Asp Asp Tyr Phe Val Val Leu Va1. Gly Asp Sequence Listing.txt Met ==1e Thr Glu Glu Ala Leu Pro Thr :vr Gin T,r Thr Leu Asn Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Lys Asp G=nu Thr Gly Ply Per Leu Thr Pro Trp Ala Val 2rp Val Arg Ala Trp Thr Ala Glu PIu Asn Arg His Gly Asp Leu Leu Asn Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Leu Ser. Gly Ar_g Val. Asp Met Arg His Val Glu Lys Thr Ile Gin Tyr Lou Ile Gly Pen- Gly Met Asp Per Lys Phe 210 2:_5 220 Glu Asn Asn Pro Tyr Asn Ply Phe Ile ".'Vr Thr Ser Phe Gin Glu Arg Ala Thr Phe Ile Ser His Ply Asn Thr A:_a Lys Leu Ala Thr Thr Tyr 245 251) 255 Gly Asp Thr Thr Leu Ala Lys Ile Cys C; G -y Thr Ile Ala A1.a Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Thr Ala Tyr Thr Arg Val Glu Lys Leu Phe Glu Ile Asp Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Gin Ala i,eu Ala Per Net Met Arg_ Lys Arg Ile Thr Met Pro Ala His Leu Met Lis Asp Gly Arg Asp Asp Asp 305 310 _',15 320 Leu Phe Asp His Tyr Ala Ala Val Ala (1,; in Arq Ile Gly Val Tyr Thr 325 3 31) 335 Ala Thr Asp Tyr Ala Gly Ile Leu Glu Phe Leu Leu Arq Arg Trp Glu Val Glu Lys Leu Gly Met Gly Leu Ser Gly Gin Gly Arg Arg Ala Gin Asp Tyr Leu Cys Thr Leu Pro Gin Arg Ile Arg Arg Leu Glu Glu Arg Ala Asn Asp Arg Val Lys Leu Ala Ser Lys Per Lys Pro Per Val Ser Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Gly Arg Glu Val Ga.u Leu 405 ~I10 <210> 22 <211> 396 <212> PRT
<213> Linum usitatissimum, <400> 22 Met Ala Leu Lys Leu Asn Pro Val Thr :.'hr Phe Pro Ser Thr Arg Ser Leu Asn Asn Phe Ser Ser Arg Ser Pro Log Thr Phe Leu Met Ala Ala Ser -hr Phe Asn Ser Thr Ser Thr Lys PIn Ala Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Sequence Listinq.txt Ser His Gly Pro Pro Lys GLu Val His Met Gln Val Thr. His Ser. Met Pro Pro Gln Lys Leu Glu lie Phe Lys Sep Leu Glu Gly Trp Ala Glu Asp Val Leu Leu Pro His Leu Lys Pro Va.L Glu Lys Cys Trp Gin Pro Gln Asp Phe Leu Pro Glu Pro Glu Ser Asp Gly Phe Sic Glu Gin Val 100 105 ;10 Lys Glu Leu Arg Ala Arg Ala Lys Glu hen Pro Asp Asp Tyr Phe Val 115 120 12.5 Val Leu Val Gly Asp Met lie Thr Glu Sic; Ala Lou Pro Thr Tyr Gin Thr Met Lou Asn Thr Lou Asp Gly Val Ar_g Asp Glu Thr Gly Ala Ser Lou TSr Pro Trp Ala Ile Trp Thr Arg Ala Trp Thr Ala Glu Gin Asn Arg His Gly Asp Leu Leu Asn Lys Tyr Lou Tyr. Leu Ser Gly Arg Val 180 185 :90 Asp Met Arg Gln Ile Glu Lys Thr lie in Tyr Leu le Sly Ser Gly Met Asp Pro Lys Thr Glu Asn Asn Pro Tyr Leu Gly Phe Ile Tyr Thr Ser I'he Gln Glu Arg Ala Thr Phe Ile Sec His Gly Asn Thr Ala Arg Leu Ala Lys Asp His Gly Asp Met Lys Lou Ada Gin Ile Cys Gly Ile Ile Ada Ala Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Thr Ala Tyr Thr Lys lie Val Glu Lys Leu Phe Glu Ile Asp Pro Asp C:;ly Thr Val Lou Ala Leu Ala Asp Net Met Arg Lys Lys Ile Ser Met Pro Ala His Lou Met Tyr Asp Gly Glu Asp Asp Asn Leu Phe Asp Asn Tyr Ser Ser Val Ala Gln Arg Ile Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala Lys Asp Tyr Ala Asp lie Leu Glu Phe Lea Val Gly Arg Trp Lys Val Asp Ala Phe Thr Gly Leo Ser Gly Glu Sly Asn Lys Ala Gln Asp Phe Val Cys Gly Lou Pro Ala Arq lie Amp Lys Leu Glu Glu Arg Ala Ala Gly Arg Ala Lys Gdn Thr Ser Lys Ser Val Sequence Listing.txt Pro The Ser Trp Ile Phe Ser Arg Glu L,eu Val Leu <210> 23 <211:> 391 <212:> PRT
<213:> Glycine max <400> 23 Met ala Leu Arg Leu Asn Pro Ile Pro 'l:hr (;In Thr Phe Ser Leu Pro Gln Met Pro Ser Leu Arg Ser Pro Arg The Arq Met eta Ser Thr Leu Arg Ser Gly Ser Lys Glu Val Glu Asn 1Le Lys Lys Pro Phe Thr Pro Pro Arg Glu Val His Val (-_;.In Val Thr His Ser Met Pro Pro Gin Lys Ile Glu Ile Phe Lys Ser Leu Glu Asp Trp Ala Asp Gln Asn Ile Leu Thr His Leu Lys Pro Val GLu Lys Cys Trp Gin Pro G I n Asp Phe Leu Pro Asp Pro Ser Ser Asp G:_y Phe Glu GLu Gln Val Lvs Glu Leu Arg Glu Arg Ala Lys Glu Ile Pro Asp Asp "'yr Phe Val Val Leu Val Gly Asp Met Ile Thr Glu Glu Ala Leu Pro Thr Tyr_ Gln Thr Met Leu Asn 1.30 135 140 Thr Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Asp Glu Thr Giy Ala Ser Leo Thr Se r. Trp 145 150 1.55 160 Ala Ile Trp Thr Arg Ala Trp Thr Ala 711u Glu Asn Arg His Gly Asp 165 70 1?5 Leu Leu Asn Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Leu Ser Sly Arg Val Asp Met Lys Gln Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Gln Tyr Leu Ile Sly Ser GLy Met Asp Pro Arg Thr Glu Asn Ser Pro Tyr Leu Gly Phe isle Tyr Thr Ser PLie Gin Glu 210 21.5 220 Arg Ala Thr Phe Ile Ser His Gly Asn 0hr Ala Arg Leu Ala Lys Glu His Gly Asp Ile Lys Leu Ala Gin Ile Sys Gly Met Ile Ala Ser Asp Glu Lys Arg His Glu Thr Ala Tyr Thr Lys Ile Val Glu Lys Leu The Glu Val Asp Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Met sb Phe Ala Asp Met Met Arg 275 280 281, Lys Lys Ile Ala Met Pro Ala His Leu Met Tyr Asp Gly Arg Asp Asp Sequence Listing.txt Asn :Seu Phe Asp Asn Tyr Ser Ala Val Ala Plc Arg Ile Gly Val Tyr 305 310 31-'-, 320 Thr Ala Lys Asp Tyr Ala Asp Ile Leu lu Phe Leu Val Gy Arg Top Lys Val Glu Gln Leu Thr Gly Leu Ser ca_y Glu Gly A,--,g Lys Ala Gin Glu Tyr Val Cys Gly Leu Pro Pro Arg Lie Arg Arg Leu.z Glu Glu Arg Ala Gl.n Ala Arg Gly Lys Glu Ser Ser hr Leu Lys Phe Ser Trp Ile His Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Leu <210> 24 <211> 80 <212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence <220>
<223> Description of Artificial Sequence: ELVISLIVES complementary region of pKS106 and pKSl24 <400;> 24 cggccggagc tggtcatctc gctcatcgtc gagtcggcgg ccgccgactc gacqatgagc 60 gagatgacca gctccggccg 80 <210> 25 <211:> 154 <212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence <220>
<223> Description of Artificial Sequence: ELVISLIVES complementary region of pKS133 <400> 25 cggccggagc tggtcatctc gctcatcgtc gagtcggcgg ccggagctgg tcatctcgct 60 catccrtcgag tcggcggccg ccgactcgac gatgaccgag atgaccagc:t_ ccggccgccg 120 actccracgat gagcgagatg accagctccg gccct 1`.:;4 <210> 26 <211> 6611 <212> DNA
<213> Plasmid pBS68 <220-,-<221-,. unsure <222> (4436)..(4436) <223> n = a, c, g, or t <400> 26 cgcgcctatg cgggaccatc gcagcggacg agaagcggca cgagaacgcg tactcaagaa 60 tcgtggagaa gcttctggaa gtggacccca ccggggcaat ggtggccata gggaacatga 120 tggagaagaa gatcacgatg ccggcgcacc ttatgtacga tggggatgac cccaggctat 180 tcgagcacta ctccgctgtg gcgcagcgca taggcgt:gta caccgccaac gatcacgcag 240 Sequence Listing.txt acatcttgga tttctcgttg accgtgaaga ttggagaagc ttgaaggatt gatgcctgag 300 gggaagcggg ccccaggatt tccgtgtgtg ggttgccccc gaggattagg aggttccaag 360 aacgcgctga tgagcgagcg cgtaagatga agaagcatca tgccgttaag ttcagttgga 420 ttttcaataa agaattgctt ttgtgagcgg ccgccgactc gacgat_gagc gagatgacca 480 gctccggtcg ccgactcgac gatgagcgag atgaccagct ccggccgcga cacaagtgtg 540 agagtactaa ataaatgctt tggttgtacg aaat:catt.ac actaaataaa ataatcgaag 600 cttatatatg ccttccgcta aggccgaatg caaagc.aaatt ggttctttct c:gttatcttt 660 tgccactttt actagtacgt attaattact acttaatcat ctttgtttac cgctcattat 720 atccgtcgac ggtgcgcccg atcatccgga tatagCt.cct c::tttcagca aaaaacccct 780 caagacccgt ttagaggccc caaggggtta tgcI:agt:tat tgctcagccjg tggcagcagc 840 caactcagct tcctttcggg ctt.tgttagc agccggatcq atccaagctg tacctcacta 900 ttcctt.tgcc ctcggacgag tgcaggggcg tcggtttcca ctatcggcga gtacttctac 960 acagccatcg gtccagacgg ccccgcttat gcgP)gcgatt tgtgtac:gc-c cgacagtccc 1020 ggctccggat cggacgattg cgtcgcatcg accc:tgcgcc caagctgcat: catcgaaatt 1080 gccgtcaacc aagctctgat agagttggtc: aagaccaatq cggagcatat acgcccggag 1140 ccgcggcgat cctgcaagct ccagatgcct ccgc:tcgaag tagcgcgtct gctgctccat 1200 acaagccaac cacggcctcc agaagaagat gtt'tg 7acc tcgtttcggg aatc:cccgaa 1260 caccgcctcg ctccagtcaa tgaccgctgt tatgcggcca tt_gtccgtca ggacattgtt 1320 ggagccgaaa tccgcgtgca cgaggtgccg gact.tcgggq cagtc:c.cgg cccaatgcat 1380 cagctcatcg agagcctgcg cgacggacgc actctacggtq tcgtccatca caqtttqcca 1440 gtgata.caca tggggatcag caatcgcgca tat(IaaftCa cccaatgtaq tgtattgacc 1500 gattccttgc ggtccgaatg ggccgaaccc gctcgt(tgg ctaagat_cgg ccgcagcgat 1560 cgcatccata gcctccgcga ccggctgcag aac,:cgcgggc: agttcgqttt caggcaggtc 1620 ttgcaacgtg acaccctgtg cac_.ggcggga gatgcaataq gtcaggctct cgctgaattc 1680 cccaatgtca agcacttccg gaatcgggag cgc,ac, c, ca gcaaaq.gcc gataaacata 1740 acgatctttg tagaaaccat cggcgcagct att,eac :cgc aggacafiatc cacggcctcc 1800 tacatcgaag ctgaaagcac gagattcttc gccctccgaq agctgcatca ggtcggagac 1860 gctgt:cgaac ttttcgatca gaaacttctc gace:gac:gtc gcggcgagtt caggc-tttc 1920 catgggtata tctccttctt aaagttaaac aaaat:tSt ctagaggqaa accgttgtgg 1980 tctccctata gtgagtcgta ttaatttcgc gggatc:gaga tctgatcaac ctgcastaat 2040 gaatcggcca acgcgcgggg agaggcgatt tgcc:.tittgg gcgctc.ttcc gcttccttgc 2100 tcactgactc gctgcgctcg gtcgttcggc tgccgcgagc ggtatcagct cactcaaagg 2160 cggtaatacg gttatccaca gaatcagggg atac:.cgcagq aaagaacatg tgaqcaaaag 2220 gccagcaaaa ggccaggaac cgtaaaaaqg ccgc;g::tgot ggcgtt:tttc catggcctcc 2280 gcccccgtga cgagcatcac aaaaatcgac gctc:aagtca gaggtggcga aacccgacag 2340 gactataaag ataccaggcg tttccccctg gaa~~ct:ccct cgtgcgctct cctgttccga 2400 ccctgccgct taccggatac ctgtccgcct ttct:c;cttc gggaagcggg gcgctttctc 2460 aatgc:tcacg ctgtaggtat ctcagttcgg tgta.g.ttcgt. tcgctccaag ctgggctgtg 2520 tgcac:gaacc ccccgttcag cccgaccgct gcgc:ct:tatc c_ggtaactat cgtctcgagt 2580 ccaac:ccggt aagacacgac ttatcgccac tggcaqcagc cactggtaac aggattagca 2640 gagcgaggta tgtaggcggt gctacagagt tcttgaagtq gtggcctaac tacqgctaca 2.700 ctagaaggac agtatttggt atctgcgctc tgct:g;acagcc agttaccttc ggaaaaagag 2760 ttggtagctc ttgatccggc aaac:aaacca ccgctggtag cggtggtttt tttgtttgca 2820 agcagcagat tacgcgcaga aaaaaaggat ctcc:agaaga tcctttgatc ttttctacgg 2880 ggtctgacgc tcagtggaac gaaaattcac gtt:agggal: tttgatcatg aaactaacct 2940 ataaaaatag gcgtatcacg aggccctttc gtcr,c t:gcq tttcggtga*_ gacggtgaaa 3000 acctc:tgaca catgcagctc ccggagacgg tca,:agcttg tctgtaagcg gatgccggga 3060 gcagacaagc ccgtcagggc gcgtcagcgg gtgt:.tggcgg gtgtcggggc tggcttaact 3120 atgcggcatc agagcagatt gtactgagag tgcc:.ccatat ggacatattg tcgttagaac 3180 gcggctacaa ttaatacata accttatgta t_catac<acat acgatttagg tgacacta to 3240 gaacggcgcg ccaagcttgg atcctcgaag agac:.gggtta ataacacat.t tttaaaaatt 3300 tttaacacaa attttagtta tttaaaaatt tatt.aaaaaa tttaaaataa gaagaggaac 3360 tctttaaata aatctaactt acaaaattta tgat:t:tttae taagttt:.tca ccaataaaaa 3420 atgtcataaa aatatgttaa aaagtatatt at c':a:-i t tc t_:tttatgat aaataaaaag 3480 aaaaaaaaaa taaaagttaa gtgaaaatga gatt:gaagtq actttaggtg tgtatacata 3540 tatcaacccc gccaacaatt tatttaatcc aaat,a-:attq aagtatatta ttccatagcc 3600 tttatttatt tatatattta ttatataaaa gctttatttg ttctaggttg ttcatgaaat 3660 atttttttgg ttttatctcc gttgtaagaa aatc::a;:gtgc. tttgtgtcgc cactcactat 3720 tgcaactttt tcatgcattg gtcagattga cggctzgattg tattttt_gtt ttttatggtt 3780 ttgtgttatg acttaagtct tctccttttt atct.c-tcat caggtttgat ggttacctaa 3840 tatggtccat gggtacatgc atggttaaat tagc:rtggcca actttgttgt gaacgat:aga 3900 atttttttta tattaagtaa actattttta tatt:atgaaa taataa:aaa aaaaaatttt 3960 tatcattatt aacaaaatca tattagttaa t:ttgttaact ctataataaa agaaatactg 4020 taacattcac attacatggt aacatcttt:c cacc:ctttca tttgtttttt: gtttgatgac 4080 tttttttctt gtttaaattt atttcctttc tttt.aaattt ggaatacat:t atcatcatat 4140 Sequence Listing.txt ataaactaaa atactaaaaa caggattaca caaattataa ataataacac aaatatttat 4200 aaatctagct gcaatatatt taaactagct ata':cgatat tgtaaaataa aactagctgc 4260 attgatactg ataaaaaaat atcatgtgct ttctggactg atgatqcaqt atacttttga 4320 cattgccttt attttatttt tcagaaaagc t_ttctt::agtt ctggctttctt ca*_tatt:tgt 4380 ttcccatctc cattgtgaat tgaatcattt gct'::cgtgtc acaaatacaa tttagntagg 4440 tacatgcatt ggtcagattc acggtttatt atg>>catgac ttaagttctt ggtagtacat 4500 tacctgccac gcatgcatta tattggttag atttgatagg caaatttgqt t.gtcaacaat 4560 ataaatataa ataatgtttt tatattacga aataacagtq acaaaaacaa acagttt.tat 4620 ctttattaac aagattttgt ttttgtttga -_gacgttttt taatgtttac crctttccccc 4680 ttctl:ttgaa tttagaacac tttatcatca taaaatcaaa tactaaaaaa attacatatt 4740 tcataaataa taacacaaat atttttaaaa aatctgaaat aataatgaac aatattacat 4800 attatcacga aaat.tcatta ataaaaatat tatataaata aaatgtaata gtagttatat 4860 gtaggaaaaa agtactgcac gcataatata tac~aaaaaga ttaaaatgaa cta7tataaa 4920 taataacact aaattaatgg tgaatcatat caa~aataatq aaaaagtaaa taaaatttgt 4980 aattaacttc tatatgtatt acaaacacaa ata~:ctaaata atagtaaaaa aaactatgat 5040 aaatatttac catctcataa gatatttaaa ataatgat_aa aaatatagat tattttttat 5100 gcaactagct agccaaaaag agaacacggg tatatataaa aagagtacct ttaaattcta 5160 ctgtacttcc tttattcctg acgtttttat atcaagtgga catacgtgaa gattttaatt 5220 atcagtctaa atatttcatt agcacttaat act'.:ttct:gt tttat-tccta tcctataagt 5280 agtcccgatt ctcccaacat tgc*_tattca cac,aaraac taagaaagt.c t.tccatagcc 5340 ccccaagcgg ccggagctgg tcatctcgct categ:.cgag tcggcggccg gagctgqtca 5400 tctcgctcat cgtcgagtcg gcggccgctg agtc_3attgct cacgaqtgtg gtcaccatgc 5460 cttcagcaag taccaatggg ttgatgaggt tgt(Iggtttq ac:ccttcact. caacactttt 5520 agtcccttat ttctcatgga aaataagcca tcg,,:;cgccca cactcc: aaca c:aggttccct 5580 tgaccgtgat gaagtgtttg tccc_aaaacc aaaat::caaa gt:tgca>:grgt tttccaagta 5640 cttaaacaac cctctaggaa gggctgtttc tctcctcgtc acacttacaa t.agggtggcc 5700 tatgtattta gccttcaatg tctctggtag accc,tatgat agttttgcaa gccactacca 5760 cccttatgct cccatatatt ctaaccgtga gaggct.tc:tg atctatgtct ctgatgt.tgc 5820 tttgttttct gtgacttact ctcc ctaccg tgtr;gcaacc ctgaaagggt tgg_ttggct 5880 gctatgtgtt tatggggtgc ctt:tgctcat tgtgaacggt tttcttgtga ctatcacata 5940 tttgcagcac acacactttg ccttgcctca tta,:gattca tcagaatggg actggctgaa 6000 gggagctttg gcaactatgg acagagatta agcggccgca tgcctccaga aaagaaagaa 6060 attttc:aagt ccttggaggg atgggcctcg gag,:ggytcc taccgctgct gaagcccgtg 6120 gagcaatgct ggcagccaca aaacttcctc cctgacccct cccttccgca tgaagagttc 6180 agccatcagg tgaaggagct tcqcgaacgc actaaaagagt_ tacctgatga gtactttgtg 6240 gtgctggtgg gtgatatggt caccgaggac gcg.:ttccca cttaccagac catgatcaac 6300 aaccttgatg gagtgaaaga tgacagcggc acgagccc:ga gcccgtgggc c:gtgtggacc 6360 cgggcctgga ccgccgagga aaacagacac ggggatctgc tcagaactt:a t.ttgtall:.ctc 6420 tctgggaggg ttgacatggc taaggtcgaa aagaccgtac attacctcat ttcagatggc 6480 atggaccctg ggacagacaa caacccatat ttggq:jt.ttg tgtacacgtc attccaagag 6540 cgagcaacat ttgtggcgca cgggaacacg gctc4_lctcg cgaaggaggg cggggatcca 6600 gtgctggcgc g 6611

Claims (13)

What is claimed is:

1. An isolated polynucleotide comprising:
(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having delta-9 fatty acid desaturase activity that has at least 80% identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; or (b) the complement of (a).

2. An isolated polynucleotide comprising:
(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having delta-9 fatty acid desaturase activity that has at least 85% identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; or (b) the complement of (a).

3. An isolated polynucleotide comprising:
(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having delta-9 fatty acid desaturase activity that has at least 90% identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; or (b) the complement of (a).

4. An isolated polynucleotide comprising:
(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having delta-9 fatty acid desaturase activity that has at least 95% identity based on the Clustal method of alignment when compared to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; or (b) the complement of (a).

5. The isolated polynucleotide of any of Claims 1-4, wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.

6. A chimeric construct comprising the isolated polynucleotide of any one of Claims 1-4 operably linked to at least one suitable regulatory sequence.

7. A chimeric construct comprising the isolated polynucleotide of Claim 5 operably linked to at least one suitable regulatory sequence.

8. A host cell comprising the chimeric construct of Claim 6.

9. A host cell comprising the chimeric construct of Claim 7.

10. A method of identifying an isolated polynucleotide that encodes a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase comprising the steps of:
(a) determining an amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by the isolated DNA; and (b) determining if the amino acid sequence comprises at least two amino acid sequences wherein the amino acid sequences are HSMPPEK corresponding to amino acids 67-73 of SEQ ID NO:2, LPLLKPVE corresponding to amino acids 89-96 of SEQ ID NO:2, EYFVVLVGDM
corresponding to amino acids 132-141 of SEQ ID
NO:2, EKTV corresponding to amino acids 205-208 of SEQ ID NO:2, GMDPGT corresponding to amino acids 215-220 of SEQ ID NO:2, NNPYLGFVYTSFQERAT
corresponding to amino acids 222-238 of SEQ ID NO:2, VLAR corresponding to amino acids 256-259 of SEQ ID
NO:2, RIVE corresponding to amino acids 277-280 of SEQ ID NO:2, ITMPAHL corresponding to amino acids 302-308 of SEQ ID NO:2, or DFVCGLA corresponding to amino acids 364-370 of SEQ ID NO:2.

11. A method of identifying an isolated polynucleotide that encodes a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase comprising the steps of:

(a) determining the polypeptide sequence encoded by the polynucleotide identified according to the method of Claim 10; and (b) determining that the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide does not contain at least one of the following amino acid sequences KEIPDDYFWLVGDMITEEALPTYQTMLNT
corresponding to positions 116-145 of SEQ ID NO:23; or DYADILEFLVGRWK corresponding to positions 324-337 of SEQ ID NO:23.

12. A method of altering the level of expression of a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in a host cell comprising:
(a) transforming a host cell with the chimeric construct of Claim 6; and (b) growing the transformed host cell produced in step (a) under conditions that are suitable for expression of the chimeric construct wherein expression of the chimeric construct results in production of altered levels of a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in the transformed host cell.

13. A method of altering the level of expression of a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in a host cell comprising:
(a) transforming a host cell with the chimeric construct of Claim 7; and (b) growing the transformed host cell produced in step (a) under conditions that are suitable for expression of the chimeric construct wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase in the transformed host cell.