CA2436085A1 - Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area - Google Patents
Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2436085A1 CA2436085A1 CA002436085A CA2436085A CA2436085A1 CA 2436085 A1 CA2436085 A1 CA 2436085A1 CA 002436085 A CA002436085 A CA 002436085A CA 2436085 A CA2436085 A CA 2436085A CA 2436085 A1 CA2436085 A1 CA 2436085A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- well bore
- forming
- well
- target zone
- extending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
Abstract
A method and system for accessing subterranean resources from a limited surface area includes a first well bore (12) extending from the surface to t he target zone (16). The first well bore (12) includes an angled portion (24) disposed between the target zone and the surface to provide an offset betwee n a surface location of the first well bore and an intersection of the first well bore with the subterranean resource. The system also includes an articulated well bore (40) extending from the surface to the target zone (16 ). The articulated well bore (40) is offset from the first well bore (12) at th e surface and intersects the first well bore (12) proximate the target zone (16). The system further includes a well bore pattern extending from the intersection of the first well bore and the articulated well bore in the target zone to provide access to the target zone (16).
Claims (73)
1. A method for accessing a subsurface formation from a limited surface area, comprising:
forming a first well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the well bore having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
forming a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone; and forming through the second well bore a well bore pattern, the well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone.
forming a first well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the well bore having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
forming a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone; and forming through the second well bore a well bore pattern, the well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein forming the first well bore comprises forming the angled portion extending from the surface to the target zone.
3. The method of Claim 1, wherein forming the first well bore comprises forming a substantially vertical portion of the first well bore disposed between the angled portion and the surface.
4. The method of Claim 1, wherein forming the first well bore comprises:
forming a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and forming a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
forming a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and forming a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
5. The method of Claim 1, further comprising forming an enlarged cavity in the target zone at an end of the well bore pattern proximate to the first well bore.
6. The method of Claim 1, wherein forming the well bore pattern comprises forming a pinnate well bore pattern.
7. The method of Claim 6, wherein forming the pinnate well bore pattern comprises forming a set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
8. The method of Claim 6, wherein forming the pinnate well bore pattern comprises:
forming a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and forming a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
forming a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and forming a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
9. A system for accessing a subsurface formation from a limited surface area, comprising:
a first well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the first well bore having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone; and a well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone.
a first well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the first well bore having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone; and a well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone.
10. The system of Claim 9, wherein the angled portion of the first well bore extends from the surface to the target zone.
11. The system of Claim 9, wherein the first well bore further comprises a substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface.
12. The system of Claim 9, wherein the first well bore further comprises:
a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
13. The system of Claim 9, further comprising an enlarged cavity disposed in the target zone at an end of the well bore pattern proximate to the first well bore.
14. The system of Claim 9, wherein the well bore pattern comprises a pinnate well bore pattern.
15. The system of Claim 14, wherein the pinnate well bore pattern comprises a set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
16. The system of Claim 14, wherein the pinnate well bore pattern comprises:
a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
17. A method for accessing a subsurface formation from a limited surface area, comprising:
forming a first well bore from the surface to a target zone of the subsurface formation, the first well bore having a substantially vertical portion and an angled portion;
forming a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone;
forming a well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone operable to collect resources; and removing resources from the target zone through the first well bore.
forming a first well bore from the surface to a target zone of the subsurface formation, the first well bore having a substantially vertical portion and an angled portion;
forming a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone;
forming a well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone operable to collect resources; and removing resources from the target zone through the first well bore.
18. The method of Claim 17, wherein forming the first well bore comprises:
forming the substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
and forming the angled portion extending from the,substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
forming the substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
and forming the angled portion extending from the,substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
19. The method of Claim 17, further comprising forming an enlarged cavity in the target zone at an end of the well bore pattern proximate to the first well bore.
20. The method of 17, wherein forming the well bore pattern comprises forming a pinnate well bore pattern.
21. The method of Claim 20, wherein forming the pinnate well bore pattern comprises forming a plurality of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
22. The method of Claim 20, wherein forming the pinnate well bore pattern comprises:
forming a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and forming a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
forming a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and forming a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
23. The method of Claim 17, wherein forming the first well bore comprises:
forming the substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
forming the angled portion extending downwardly from an end of the substantially vertical portion; and forming another substantially vertical portion extending from an end of the angled portion to the target zone.
forming the substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
forming the angled portion extending downwardly from an end of the substantially vertical portion; and forming another substantially vertical portion extending from an end of the angled portion to the target zone.
24. A system for extracting resources from a subsurface formation, comprising:
a plurality of well bores each extending from the surface to a target zone, each of the plurality of well bores disposed substantially linearly relative to each other at the surface;
an articulated well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the articulated well bore offset from each of the plurality of well bores at the surface, the articulated well bore intersecting each of the plurality of well bores at a junction proximate the target zone;
a plurality of well bore patterns, each well bore pattern extending from the junction of the articulated well bore and one of the plurality of well bores into the target zone operable to collect resources; and a pumping unit disposed proximate at least one of the well bore patterns operable to remove resources from the target zone through at least one of the respective plurality of well bores.
a plurality of well bores each extending from the surface to a target zone, each of the plurality of well bores disposed substantially linearly relative to each other at the surface;
an articulated well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the articulated well bore offset from each of the plurality of well bores at the surface, the articulated well bore intersecting each of the plurality of well bores at a junction proximate the target zone;
a plurality of well bore patterns, each well bore pattern extending from the junction of the articulated well bore and one of the plurality of well bores into the target zone operable to collect resources; and a pumping unit disposed proximate at least one of the well bore patterns operable to remove resources from the target zone through at least one of the respective plurality of well bores.
25. The system of Claim 24, wherein the articulated well bore is disposed substantially linearly relative to the plurality of well bores at the surface.
26. The system of Claim 24, further comprising a plurality of enlarged cavities, each enlarged cavity disposed at an end of one of the well bore patterns proximate one of the respective plurality of well bores.
27. The system of Claim 24, wherein each of the well bore patterns comprises a pinnate well bore pattern.
28. The system of Claim 27, wherein each of the pinnate well bore patterns comprises a plurality of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
29. The system of Claim 27, wherein each of the pinnate well bore patterns comprises:
a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
30. The system of Claim 24, wherein at least one of the plurality of well bores comprises an angled portion extending from the surface to the target zone.
31. The system of Claim 24, wherein at least one of the plurality of well bores comprises:
a substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface; and an angled portion extending from the substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
a substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface; and an angled portion extending from the substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
32. The system of Claim 24, wherein at least one of the plurality of well bores comprises:
a first substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
an angled portion extending downwardly from the first substantially vertical portion; and a second substantially vertical portion extending from the angled portion to the target zone.
a first substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
an angled portion extending downwardly from the first substantially vertical portion; and a second substantially vertical portion extending from the angled portion to the target zone.
33. A method for extracting resources from a subsurface formation, comprising:
forming a plurality of well bores each extending from the surface to a target zone, each of the plurality of well bores disposed substantially linearly relative to each other at the surface;
forming an articulated well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the articulated well bore offset from each of the plurality of well bores at the surface, the articulated well bore intersecting each of the plurality of well bores at a junction proximate the target zone;
forming a plurality of well bore patterns, each well bore pattern extending from a respective junction into the target zone and operable to collect resources;
and removing resources from the target zone through each of the plurality of well bores.
forming a plurality of well bores each extending from the surface to a target zone, each of the plurality of well bores disposed substantially linearly relative to each other at the surface;
forming an articulated well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the articulated well bore offset from each of the plurality of well bores at the surface, the articulated well bore intersecting each of the plurality of well bores at a junction proximate the target zone;
forming a plurality of well bore patterns, each well bore pattern extending from a respective junction into the target zone and operable to collect resources;
and removing resources from the target zone through each of the plurality of well bores.
34. The method of Claim 33, wherein forming the articulated well bore comprises forming the articulated well bore disposed substantially linearly relative to the plurality of well bores at the surface.
35. The method of Claim 33, further comprising forming a plurality of enlarged cavities, each enlarged cavity disposed an end of one of the well bore patterns proximate one of the respective plurality of well bores.
36. The method of Claim 33, wherein forming the plurality of well bore patterns comprises forming a plurality of piimate well bore patterns.
37. The method of Claim 36, wherein forming each of the pinnate well bore patterns comprises forming a plurality of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
38. The method of Claim 36, wherein forming each of the pinnate well bore patterns comprises:
forming a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and forming a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
forming a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and forming a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
39. The method of Claim 33, wherein forming the plurality of well bores comprises forming at least one of the plurality of well bores having an angled portion extending from the surface to the target zone.
40. The method of Claim 33, wherein forming at least one of the plurality of well bores comprises:
forming a substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
and forming an angled portion extending from the substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
forming a substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
and forming an angled portion extending from the substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
41. The method of Claim 33, wherein forming at least one of the plurality of well bores comprises:
forming a first substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
forming an angled portion extending downwardly from the first substantially vertical portion; and forming a second substantially vertical portion extending from the angled portion to the target zone.
forming a first substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
forming an angled portion extending downwardly from the first substantially vertical portion; and forming a second substantially vertical portion extending from the angled portion to the target zone.
42. A system for extracting resources from a subsurface formation, comprising:
a first well bore extending from the surface to a target zone of the subsurface formation, the first well bore having a substantially vertical portion and an angled portion;
a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone;
a well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone operable to collect resources; and a production unit disposed in the first well bore operable to remove resources from the target zone through the first well bore to the surface.
a first well bore extending from the surface to a target zone of the subsurface formation, the first well bore having a substantially vertical portion and an angled portion;
a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from the first well bore at the surface and intersecting the first well bore at a junction proximate the target zone;
a well bore pattern extending from the junction into the target zone operable to collect resources; and a production unit disposed in the first well bore operable to remove resources from the target zone through the first well bore to the surface.
43. The system of Claim 42, wherein the substantially vertical portion of the first well bore extends downwardly from the surface, and wherein the angled portion of the well bore extends from the substantially vertical portion to the target zone.
44. The system of Claim 42, further comprising an enlarged cavity formed in the target zone at an end of the well bore pattern proximate to the first well bore.
45. The system of 42, wherein the well bore pattern comprises a pinnate well bore pattern.
46. The system of Claim 45, wherein the pinnate well bore pattern comprises a plurality of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
47. The system of Claim 45, wherein the pinnate well bore pattern comprises:
a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
a first set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore; and a second set of lateral well bores extending from the first set of lateral well bores.
48. The method of Claim 42, wherein the first well bore comprises:
the substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
the angled portion extending downwardly from an end of the substantially vertical portion; and another substantially vertical portion extending from an end of the angled portion to the target zone.
the substantially vertical portion extending downwardly from the surface;
the angled portion extending downwardly from an end of the substantially vertical portion; and another substantially vertical portion extending from an end of the angled portion to the target zone.
49. A method for accessing a subsurface formation from a limited surface area, comprising:
forming a plurality of first well bores extending from the surface to the target zone, at least one of the first well bores having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
forming a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from each of the first well bores at the surface, the second well bore intersecting each of the first well bores at a junction proximate the target zone, the first well bores and the second well bore disposed within a five hundred square foot area on the surface area; and forming a well bore pattern extending from each of the respective junctions into the target zone.
forming a plurality of first well bores extending from the surface to the target zone, at least one of the first well bores having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
forming a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from each of the first well bores at the surface, the second well bore intersecting each of the first well bores at a junction proximate the target zone, the first well bores and the second well bore disposed within a five hundred square foot area on the surface area; and forming a well bore pattern extending from each of the respective junctions into the target zone.
50. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the at least one first well bore comprises forming the angled portion extending from the surface to the target zone.
51. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the at least one first well bore comprises forming a substantially vertical portion of the at least one first well bore disposed between the angled portion and the surface.
52. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the at least one first well bore comprises:
forming a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and forming a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
forming a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and forming a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
53. The method of Claim 49, further comprising forming an enlarged cavity in the target zone at an end of each of the respective well bore patterns proximate to the plurality of first well bores.
54. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the well bore pattern comprises forming a pinnate well bore pattern.
55. The method of Claim 54, wherein forming the pinnate well bore pattern comprises forming a set of lateral well bores extending from a main well bore.
56. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the well bore patterns comprises forming the well bore patterns to provide access to over five hundred acres of the target zone.
57. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the well bore patterns comprises forming the well bore patterns to provide access to over one thousand acres of the target zone.
58. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the second well bore comprises forming the second well bore within one hundred feet of one of the first well bores.
59. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the second well bore comprises forming the second well bore within fifty feet of one of the first well bores.
60. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the plurality of first well bores comprises forming the plurality of first well bores in substantially linear alignment with the second well bore.
61. The method of Claim 49, wherein forming the plurality of well bores comprises forming each of the plurality of first well bores having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface.
62. A system for accessing a subsurface formation from a limited surface area, comprising:
a plurality of first well bores extending from the surface to the target zone, at least one of the first well bores having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from each of the plurality of first well bores at the surface, the second well bore intersecting each of the plurality of first well bores at a junction proximate the target zone, the second well bore disposed within four hundred feet of each of the plurality of first well bores at the surface; and a well bore pattern extending from each of the respective junctions into the target zone.
a plurality of first well bores extending from the surface to the target zone, at least one of the first well bores having an angled portion disposed between the target zone and the surface;
a second well bore extending from the surface to the target zone, the second well bore offset from each of the plurality of first well bores at the surface, the second well bore intersecting each of the plurality of first well bores at a junction proximate the target zone, the second well bore disposed within four hundred feet of each of the plurality of first well bores at the surface; and a well bore pattern extending from each of the respective junctions into the target zone.
63. The system of Claim 62, wherein the angled portion of the at least one first well bore extends from the surface to the target zone.
64. The system of Claim 62, wherein the at least one first well bore further comprises a substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface.
65. The system of Claim 62, wherein the at least one first well bore comprises:
a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
a first substantially vertical portion disposed between the angled portion and the surface; and a second substantially vertical portion disposed between the target zone and the angled portion.
66. The system of Claim 62, further comprising an enlarged cavity disposed in the target zone at an end of each of the respective well bore patterns proximate to each of the respective plurality of first well bores.
67. The system of Claim 62, wherein the well bore pattern comprises a pinnate well bore pattern.
68. The system of Claim 62, wherein the second well bore is disposed within two hundred feet of each of the plurality of first well bores.
69. The system of Claim 62, wherein the second well bore is disposed within one hundred feet of each of the plurality of first well bores.
70. The system of Claim 62, wherein the second well bore is disposed within fifty feet from each of the plurality of first well bores.
71. The system of Claim 62, wherein the well bore patterns extend within the target zone to provide access to over five hundred acres of the target zone.
72. The system of Claim 62, wherein the well bore patterns extend within the target zone to provide access to over one thousand acres of the target zone.
73. The system of Claim 62, wherein the plurality of first well bores are disposed in substantially linear alignment with the second well bore.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2805835A CA2805835A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-22 | Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/774,996 US6662870B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2001-01-30 | Method and system for accessing subterranean deposits from a limited surface area |
US09/774,996 | 2001-01-30 | ||
PCT/US2002/002051 WO2002061238A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-22 | Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2805835A Division CA2805835A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-22 | Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2436085A1 true CA2436085A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
CA2436085C CA2436085C (en) | 2013-04-30 |
Family
ID=25102984
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2436085A Expired - Fee Related CA2436085C (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-22 | Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area |
CA2805835A Abandoned CA2805835A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-22 | Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2805835A Abandoned CA2805835A1 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-01-22 | Method and system for accessing a subterranean zone from a limited surface area |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6662870B1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2436085C (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03006808A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002061238A1 (en) |
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-
2001
- 2001-01-30 US US09/774,996 patent/US6662870B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-01-22 CA CA2436085A patent/CA2436085C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-22 MX MXPA03006808A patent/MXPA03006808A/en unknown
- 2002-01-22 CA CA2805835A patent/CA2805835A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-01-22 WO PCT/US2002/002051 patent/WO2002061238A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-01 US US10/188,141 patent/US7036584B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-04-02 US US10/406,037 patent/US6986388B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2002061238A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
CA2436085C (en) | 2013-04-30 |
US6986388B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 |
US7036584B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 |
US20020189801A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US20030217842A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
US6662870B1 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
CA2805835A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
MXPA03006808A (en) | 2003-12-12 |
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