CA2444808A1 - Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using - Google Patents

Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2444808A1
CA2444808A1 CA002444808A CA2444808A CA2444808A1 CA 2444808 A1 CA2444808 A1 CA 2444808A1 CA 002444808 A CA002444808 A CA 002444808A CA 2444808 A CA2444808 A CA 2444808A CA 2444808 A1 CA2444808 A1 CA 2444808A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
microporous structure
active particles
filter medium
cationic material
microns
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002444808A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2444808C (en
Inventor
Evan E. Koslow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KX Technologies LLC
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Individual
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Publication of CA2444808A1 publication Critical patent/CA2444808A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
    • A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
    • A61L2/0017—Filtration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
    • A61L2/0082—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using chemical substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
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    • B01D29/39—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with hollow discs side by side on, or around, one or more tubes, e.g. of the leaf type
    • B01D29/41—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with hollow discs side by side on, or around, one or more tubes, e.g. of the leaf type mounted transversely on the tube
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    • B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
    • B01D39/2017—Glass or glassy material the material being filamentary or fibrous
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    • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
    • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/0408—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of inorganic added material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
    • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/0416—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of organic added material
    • C12H1/0424—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of organic added material with the aid of a polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/34—Seals or gaskets for filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
    • C02F2307/04—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a pitcher or jug
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/48—Processes of making filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/05—Methods of making filter

Abstract

The invention is directed to a microbiological interception enhanced filter medium comprising a microporous structure having a mean flow path of less th an about 2 microns and made of an array of active particles. At least a portion of the surface of microporous structure has formed thereon a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material in combination with a biologically active metal. A microbiological interception enhanced filter medium of the present invention provides greater than about 4 log vir al interception, and greater than 6 log bacterial interception.

Claims (20)

1. A filter medium comprising:
a microporous structure comprising an array of active particles, said microporous structure having a mean flow path of less than about
2 microns; and a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material having a medium to high charge density and a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons, adsorbed on at least a portion of said microporous structure, and a biologically active metal in direct proximity to the cationic material and also on at least a portion of said microporous structure.

2. A filter medium according to claim 1 wherein the active particles comprise of activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolites, diatomaceous earth, silicates, aluminosilicates, titanates, bone char, calcium hydroxyapatite, manganese oxides, iron oxides, magnesia, perlite, talc, polymeric particulates, clay, iodated resins, ion exchange resins, ceramics, or combinations thereof, and further including a binder.
3. A filter medium according to claim 1 wherein said microporous structure has a mean flow path of less than or equal to about 1 micron.
4. A filter medium according to claim 1 wherein the microbiologically enhanced interception agent is formed by treating at least a portion of said microporous structure with a cationic material that has an associated counter ion therewith followed by precipitation of a biologically active metal with at least a portion of the counter ion associated with the cationic material.
5. A filter medium according to claim 4 wherein the cationic material comprises a homopolymer of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride having a molecular weight of greater than or equal to about 400,000 Daltons.
6. A filter medium according to claim 1 wherein said microporous structure comprises a solid composite block of active particles, or a flat sheet structure of immobilized active particles.
7. A filter medium according to claim 1 wherein said microporous structure is formed by extrusion, molding, slip casting, powder coating, wet forming or dry forming of the active particles.
8. A filter medium according to claim 1 wherein said filter medium provides greater than about 6 log reduction of microbiological contaminants in an influent when the influent has an empty bed contact time with said filter medium for less than about 12 seconds.
9. A filter system comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet;
a filter medium situated within said housing in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet, said filter medium comprising:
a microporous structure having a mean flow path of less than about 2 microns comprising active particles of activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolites, diatomaceous earth, silicates, aluminosilicates, titanates, bone char, calcium hydroxyapatite, manganese oxides, iron oxides, magnesia, perlite, talc, polymeric particulates, clay, iodated resins, ion exchange resins, ceramics, or combinations thereof; and a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material having a high charge density, a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons and having an associated counter ion therewith, the cationic material adsorbed on at least a portion of the microporous structure, and wherein a biologically active metal is caused to precipitate with at least a portion of the counter ion associated with the cationic material, wherein a microbiologically contaminated influent flowing through said housing and contacting said filter medium has at least about 4 log reduction in microbiological contaminants in an effluent flowing from said housing.
10. A filter system according to claim 9 wherein the active particles of the microporous structure are a solid composite block, or a flat sheet structure of immobilized active particles..
11. A filter system according to claim 9 wherein the active particles of the microporous structure are slip cast, wet-formed or dry-formed.
12. A process of making a filter medium having enhanced microbiological interception capability comprising the steps of:
providing active particles having an average particle size of about 0.1 microns to about 5,000 microns;
treating the active particles with a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material having a high charge density and a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons in combination with a biologically active metal; and forming the treated active particles into a microporous structure having a mean flow path of less than about 2 microns.
13. A process of making a filter medium having enhanced microbiological interception capability comprising the steps of:
providing active particles having an average particle size of about 0.1 microns to about 5,000 microns;
coalescing the active particles into a microporous structure having a mean flow path of less than about 2 microns; and treating the microporous structure with a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material having a high charge density and a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons in combination with a biologically active metal.
14. A process as in one of claims 12 and 13 wherein the step of providing active particles comprises providing active particles of activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolites, diatomaceous earth, silicates, aluminosilicates, bone char, calcium hydroxyapatite, manganese oxides, magnesia, perlite, talc, polymeric particulates, clay, or combinations thereof, and further including the step of adding a binder.
15. A process as in one of claims 12 and 13 wherein the step of treating comprises the steps of:
coating at least a portion of the microporous structure or active particles with a cationic material having a counter ion associated therewith; and causing precipitation of a biologically active metal with at least a portion of the counter ion associated with the cationic material on at least a portion of the microporous structure or active particles.
16. A process as in one of claims 12 and 13 wherein in the step of treating, the cationic material is selected from the group consisting of amines, quaternary ammonium salts, benzalkonium compounds, biguanides, aminosilicon compounds, polymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
17. A process as in one of claims 12 and 13 wherein in the step of treating, the biologically active metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony, gold, aluminum, platinum, palladium, and combinations thereof.
18. A process as in one of claims 12 and 13 wherein the step of forming or coalescing the active particles into a microporous structure comprises extrusion, slip casting, or immobilizing the active particles into a flat sheet structure.
19. A method of removing microbiological contaminants from a fluid comprising the steps of:
providing a filter medium comprising a microporous structure comprising active particles and having a mean flow path of less than about 2 microns; and a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic material having a medium to high charge density and a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons in combination with a biologically active metal, adsorbed on at least a portion of said microporous structure;
contacting a microbiologically contaminated fluid to the filter medium for a period of time of less than or equal to about 12 seconds;
and obtaining an effluent having greater than about 4 log reduction of microbiological contaminants.
20. A method of claim 19 wherein in the step of providing a filter medium, the microporous structure comprises active particles including activated carbon.
CA002444808A 2002-01-31 2003-01-02 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using Expired - Lifetime CA2444808C (en)

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US10/290,803 US6630016B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2002-11-08 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using
PCT/US2003/000065 WO2003064330A1 (en) 2002-01-31 2003-01-02 Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using

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