CA2449436A1 - Compositions and methods for reducing blood and fluid loss from open wounds - Google Patents
Compositions and methods for reducing blood and fluid loss from open wounds Download PDFInfo
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- CA2449436A1 CA2449436A1 CA002449436A CA2449436A CA2449436A1 CA 2449436 A1 CA2449436 A1 CA 2449436A1 CA 002449436 A CA002449436 A CA 002449436A CA 2449436 A CA2449436 A CA 2449436A CA 2449436 A1 CA2449436 A1 CA 2449436A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0061—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L26/008—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
- A61L26/0052—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/04—Materials for stopping bleeding
Abstract
The invention described herein relates to methods for reducing and/or stopping bleeding or fluid loss from open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, comprising the step of applying to the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin a gel-fonning composition comprising at least one of the following compositions: a polyacry1ic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000; a polyacrylic acid and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base; polyacrylic acid and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, and a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000. When the gel-forming composition is applied to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, its ions react therein in the presence of water from blood or body fluid therein to form an aqueous gel or mucilage having sufficient viscosity and adhesiveness to cover and adhere to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin so that bleeding or fluid loss is thereby reduced and/or stopped.
Claims (25)
1. A method for reducing bleeding or fluid loss from open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, comprising the step of applying to the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated basic salt and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (e) wherein when the gel-forming composition is applied to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, it reacts with water of blood or body fluid therein to form an aqueous gel or mucilage having sufficient viscosity and adhesiveness to cover and adhere to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin so that bleeding or fluid loss is thereby reduced.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylic acid is designated as a NF
or USP Carbopol or Noveon product.
or USP Carbopol or Noveon product.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked by divalent ions.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises (a) at least one calcium salt with a readily metabolized anion, and (b) a desiccated vasoconstrictive drug.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the calcium salt is soluble and has a metabolizable anion.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the anhydrous vasoconstrictive drug is L
epinephrine tartrate.
epinephrine tartrate.
12. The method of claim 1, which comprises the further step of applying. to the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin therapeutic substances incorporated as anhydrous soluble drugs that become dissolved in water from the tissue and diffuse into the tissues from the mucilage to serve as (a) antimicrobial agents, (b) anti-inflammation agents (c) agents that resist apoptosis, or (d) agents that preserve cellular functions.
12. The method of claim 12, wherein the antimicrobial agents are selected from the group consisting of antibiotics and sulfonamides.
12. The method of claim 12, wherein the antimicrobial agents are selected from the group consisting of antibiotics and sulfonamides.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the anti-inflammation agents, the agents that resist apoptosis, and the agents that preserve cellular functions are selected from the group consisting of antioxidants and nutrients.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the gelling composition further protects the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin from loss of body substances selected from the group consisting of water, blood, plasma, serum, proteins, electrolytes and nutrients.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the gelling composition provides a barrier to protect the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin from access by and further damage by substances selected from the group consisting of oxygen, dirt, foreign protein antigens, foreign organisms, pathogens and saprophytes.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the gelling composition provides a protective shield that limits development of fibroblastic tissue and supports epithelialization.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the gelling composition provides a barrier to protect the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin from access by and further damage by chemical warfare agents, biological warfare agents, and/or noxious industrial substances.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the gelling composition further comprises one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious agents.
19. The method of claim 1, which comprises the further step of applying pressure to the site.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is present on or in a woven or non-woven fabric.
21. The method of claim 1, which comprises the further step of adding water to the outside surface of the gelling composition during gelling or after gelling occurs.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of an anhydrous powder.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is suspended in a desiccated hydrophilic liquid.
The method of claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is Vinol 205.
The method of claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is Vinol 205.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the gelling composition comprises (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a non-corrosive alkaline salt capable of neutralizing acidic sites of the polyacrylic acid, and (c) an anhydrous hydrophilic liquid, in which the polyacrylic acid and the alkaline salt are suspended and which permits the polyacrylic acid to form a gel in the presence of water, and (d) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide and borax.
25. The method of claim 25, wherein the anhydrous hydrophilic liquid is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol and nitrile silicone fluid.
27. A method for reducing skin exposure and penetration by chemical agents selected from the group consisting of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2, and EA3580, comprising the step of coating skin with a composition comprising (a) at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (i) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (ii) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (iii) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated basic salt, and (iv) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, (b) at least one compound capable of resisting penetration of chemical warfare agents selected from the group consisting of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2 and EA3580, and (j) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax..
28. The method of claim 27, wherein when the composition comprises one of (i), (ii) or (iii), the composition further includes an anhydrous hydrophilic media, in which the polyacrylic acid and the alkaline salt are suspended and which permits the polyacrylic acid to form a gel in the presence of water.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
30. The method of claim 27, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
32. The method of claim 27, wherein in composition (ii) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
33. The method of claim 27, wherein in composition (iii) the desiccated basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
34. The method of claim 27, wherein in composition (iii) the desiccated basic salt provides divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increases mucilage viscosity to greater degree than monovalent cations.
34. .The method of claim 33, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
35. A skin and soft tissue adhesive composition comprising at least one of the gel-forming compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated poorly soluble basic salt, and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, and (e) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax, wherein when the composition contacts water or a polar solvent the at least one gel-forming compositions react with the water or polar solvent to form an adhesive gel that adheres to skin and soft tissue.
36. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
37. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
38. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
39. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH
in the range between about 4 and about 8.
40. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
41. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt provides divalent cations that ionically cross-link polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
42. The adhesive composition of claim 41, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
43. A method for forming an artificial scab on an open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, comprising the step of applying to the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated basic salt, and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, wherein when the gel-forming composition is applied to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, it reacts with water of blood or body fluid therein to form an aqueous gel or mucilage having sufficient viscosity and adhesiveness to cover and adhere to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin so that bleeding or fluid loss is thereby reduced, and an artificial scab is thereby formed.
44. A kit for reducing blood or fluid loss from open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin in a mammal, comprising, packaged in association, (i) a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, (ii) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax, wherein upon application of the composition to the site of the open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin, component (i) reacts with water present in blood or other bodily fluid exposed in the site to form a gel that adheres to the site and reduces loss of blood or bodily fluid, and (ii) a dispenser for applying the composition to open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin.
45. The kit of claim 44, wherein the dispenser is a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a tube, a bandage impregnated with the composition, or a container having at least one opening through which the composition may be dispensed.
46. The kit of claim 44, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
47. The kit of claim 44, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
48. The kit of claim 44, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
49. The kit of claim 44, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
50. The kit of claim 44, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
51. The kit of claim 44, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
52. The kit of claim 51, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
53. A kit for reducing skin exposure and penetration by chemical agents selected from the group consisting of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2, and EA3580, comprising, packaged in association, (i) a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, at least one compound capable of resisting penetration of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2 and EA3580, and (e) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH
indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax;
and (ii) a dispenser for applying the composition to skin.
54. The kit of claim 53, wherein the dispenser is a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a tube, a bandage impregnated with the composition, or a container having an opening through which the composition may be dispensed.
55. The kit of claim 53, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
56. The kit of claim 53, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
57. The kit of claim 53, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
58. The kit of claim 53, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic, or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
59. The kit of claim 53, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
60. The kit of claim 53, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
61. The kit of claim 60, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
62. A kit for forming an artificial scab on open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin in a mammal, comprising, packaged in association, (i) a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (e) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (f) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (g) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, and (h) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, (ii) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax, wherein upon application of the composition to the site of the open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin, component (i) reacts with water present in blood or other bodily fluid exposed in the site to form a gel that adheres to the site and reduces loss of blood or bodily fluid, and forms an artificial scab, and (ii) a dispenser for applying the composition to open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin.
63. The kit of claim 62, wherein the dispenser is a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a tube, a bandage impregnated with the composition, or a container having at least one opening through which the composition may be dispensed.
64. The kit of claim 62, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
65. The kit of claim 62, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
66. The kit of claim 62, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
67. The kit of claim 62, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
68. The kit of claim 62, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
69. The kit of claim 62, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
70. The kit of claim 69, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
27. A method for reducing skin exposure and penetration by chemical agents selected from the group consisting of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2, and EA3580, comprising the step of coating skin with a composition comprising (a) at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (i) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (ii) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (iii) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated basic salt, and (iv) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, (b) at least one compound capable of resisting penetration of chemical warfare agents selected from the group consisting of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2 and EA3580, and (j) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax..
28. The method of claim 27, wherein when the composition comprises one of (i), (ii) or (iii), the composition further includes an anhydrous hydrophilic media, in which the polyacrylic acid and the alkaline salt are suspended and which permits the polyacrylic acid to form a gel in the presence of water.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
30. The method of claim 27, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
32. The method of claim 27, wherein in composition (ii) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
33. The method of claim 27, wherein in composition (iii) the desiccated basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
34. The method of claim 27, wherein in composition (iii) the desiccated basic salt provides divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increases mucilage viscosity to greater degree than monovalent cations.
34. .The method of claim 33, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
35. A skin and soft tissue adhesive composition comprising at least one of the gel-forming compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated poorly soluble basic salt, and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, and (e) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax, wherein when the composition contacts water or a polar solvent the at least one gel-forming compositions react with the water or polar solvent to form an adhesive gel that adheres to skin and soft tissue.
36. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
37. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
38. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
39. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH
in the range between about 4 and about 8.
40. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
41. The adhesive composition of claim 35, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt provides divalent cations that ionically cross-link polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
42. The adhesive composition of claim 41, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
43. A method for forming an artificial scab on an open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, comprising the step of applying to the open wound, denuded tissue or burned skin a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a dessicated basic salt, and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, wherein when the gel-forming composition is applied to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin, it reacts with water of blood or body fluid therein to form an aqueous gel or mucilage having sufficient viscosity and adhesiveness to cover and adhere to the open wound, denuded tissue, or burned skin so that bleeding or fluid loss is thereby reduced, and an artificial scab is thereby formed.
44. A kit for reducing blood or fluid loss from open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin in a mammal, comprising, packaged in association, (i) a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, and (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, (ii) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax, wherein upon application of the composition to the site of the open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin, component (i) reacts with water present in blood or other bodily fluid exposed in the site to form a gel that adheres to the site and reduces loss of blood or bodily fluid, and (ii) a dispenser for applying the composition to open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin.
45. The kit of claim 44, wherein the dispenser is a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a tube, a bandage impregnated with the composition, or a container having at least one opening through which the composition may be dispensed.
46. The kit of claim 44, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
47. The kit of claim 44, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
48. The kit of claim 44, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
49. The kit of claim 44, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
50. The kit of claim 44, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
51. The kit of claim 44, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
52. The kit of claim 51, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
53. A kit for reducing skin exposure and penetration by chemical agents selected from the group consisting of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2, and EA3580, comprising, packaged in association, (i) a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (b) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (c) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, (d) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, at least one compound capable of resisting penetration of o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, sesquimustard, CN, VX, CS-2 and EA3580, and (e) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH
indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax;
and (ii) a dispenser for applying the composition to skin.
54. The kit of claim 53, wherein the dispenser is a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a tube, a bandage impregnated with the composition, or a container having an opening through which the composition may be dispensed.
55. The kit of claim 53, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
56. The kit of claim 53, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
57. The kit of claim 53, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
58. The kit of claim 53, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the anhydrous water soluble organic, or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
59. The kit of claim 53, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
60. The kit of claim 53, wherein in composition (c) the desiccated basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
61. The kit of claim 60, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
62. A kit for forming an artificial scab on open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin in a mammal, comprising, packaged in association, (i) a gel-forming composition comprising at least one of the compositions selected from the group consisting of (e) a polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, (f) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base, (g) a composition comprising polyacrylic acid having the structural formula [CH2=CHCO2H]n, where n is between 10,000 and 70,000, and a desiccated poorly soluble basic salt, and (h) a polyvinyl alcohol having the structural formula of [CH2=CHOH]n, where n is between 15,000 and 150,000, (ii) optionally, one or more of an antibiotic, blot-clotting enzymes, decontaminating reagents, detoxifiers, camouflage pigment, pH indicators, vasoconstrictive agents, agents capable of detecting the presence of toxic or infectious compounds, starch, sodium borate, calcium hydroxide, calcium gluconate, magnesium oxide, and borax, wherein upon application of the composition to the site of the open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin, component (i) reacts with water present in blood or other bodily fluid exposed in the site to form a gel that adheres to the site and reduces loss of blood or bodily fluid, and forms an artificial scab, and (ii) a dispenser for applying the composition to open wounds, denuded tissue or burned skin.
63. The kit of claim 62, wherein the dispenser is a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a tube, a bandage impregnated with the composition, or a container having at least one opening through which the composition may be dispensed.
64. The kit of claim 62, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a carboxypolymethylene.
65. The kit of claim 62, wherein the polyacrylic acid is a Carbopol.
66. The kit of claim 62, wherein the polyacrylic acid comprises strands that are cross-linked.
67. The kit of claim 62, wherein in composition (b) the polyacrylic acid and the desiccated water soluble organic or inorganic base are admixed to form a water mucilage or gel with a viscosity that increases with pH in the range between about 4 and about 8.
68. The kit of claim 62, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and neoprene grade magnesium oxide.
69. The kit of claim 62, wherein in composition (c) the anhydrous basic salt provide divalent cations that ionically crosslink polymer strands and increase mucilage viscosities to greater degree than monovalent cations.
70. The kit of claim 69, wherein the divalent cations are selected from the group consisting of Ca++ and Mg++.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30038401P | 2001-06-22 | 2001-06-22 | |
| US60/300,384 | 2001-06-22 | ||
| PCT/US2002/019554 WO2003000155A2 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2002-06-20 | Compositions and methods for reducing blood and fluid loss from open wounds |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2449436A1 true CA2449436A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
| CA2449436C CA2449436C (en) | 2012-05-01 |
Family
ID=23158880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2449436A Expired - Fee Related CA2449436C (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2002-06-20 | Compositions and methods for reducing blood and fluid loss from open wounds |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7303759B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1408902A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002350088A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2449436C (en) |
| IL (2) | IL159156A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003000155A2 (en) |
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| WO2015089626A1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-25 | The University Of British Columbia | Self-fueled particles for propulsion through flowing aqueous fluids |
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- 2002-06-20 WO PCT/US2002/019554 patent/WO2003000155A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-20 US US10/178,448 patent/US7303759B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-20 EP EP02780883A patent/EP1408902A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-20 AU AU2002350088A patent/AU2002350088A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015089626A1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-25 | The University Of British Columbia | Self-fueled particles for propulsion through flowing aqueous fluids |
| US10238598B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2019-03-26 | The University Of British Columbia | Self-fueled particles for propulsion through flowing aqueous fluids |
| US11266596B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2022-03-08 | The University Of British Columbia | Self-fueled particles for propulsion through flowing aqueous fluids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL159156A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
| CA2449436C (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| EP1408902A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| WO2003000155A3 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
| EP1408902A2 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
| WO2003000155A2 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
| IL159156A0 (en) | 2004-06-01 |
| US20030008011A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| AU2002350088A1 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| US7303759B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 |
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