CA2452112A1 - Nozzle tip and seal - Google Patents
Nozzle tip and seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2452112A1 CA2452112A1 CA002452112A CA2452112A CA2452112A1 CA 2452112 A1 CA2452112 A1 CA 2452112A1 CA 002452112 A CA002452112 A CA 002452112A CA 2452112 A CA2452112 A CA 2452112A CA 2452112 A1 CA2452112 A1 CA 2452112A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tip
- piece
- nozzle
- nozzle body
- melt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001129 Aermet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000289 melt material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/278—Nozzle tips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C2045/2761—Seals between nozzle and mould or gate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/278—Nozzle tips
- B29C2045/2785—Nozzle tips with high thermal conductivity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/2737—Heating or cooling means therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A nozzle for an injection molding apparatus is provided. The nozzle includes a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removably connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece is spaced from said tip. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of the tip and the tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap.
Description
_1_ Title: NOZZLE TIP AND SEAL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an injection molding apparatus, and more particularly to a hot runner nozzle for an injection molding apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A hot runner injection molding apparatus typically includes nozzles that are heated to maintain melt therein at a controlled temperature. The nozzles are typically in contact with a mold component that defines one or more mold cavities. The mold cavities in the mold component are filled with melt that first passes through the nozzles. The mold component is then typically cooled in order to solidify the melt in the mold cavities, thus forming a plurality of molded parts, which are then ejected from the mold cavities.
Because the nozzles are typically heated, and the mold component is cooled at least for a portion of an injection molding cycle, it is desirable to provide a relatively low heat transfer from the nozzles into the mold component. Many nozzle constructions have been proposed in the past to address this issue. An example of such a nozzle construction is shown in US
Patent No. 5,299,928 (Gellert). Gellert proposes a nozzle having a tip through which melt flows and a separate tip retainer piece that retains the tip in place.
The tip retainer is made from a material that has a different thermal conductivity than that of the tip. While the configuration proposed by Gellert was an improvement over the prior art, undesirable heat losses can still occur from the tip through to the mold plate.
Another proposed nozzle construction is described in US patent application publication 200310118688 (Bazzo et al.) Bazzo et al. describes a nozzle having a tip and an external hollow element around the tip that contacts the mold to form a seal therewith. The tip and the external hollow element do not contact one another directly, and are separated by a gap.
There are several problems with this design however. During an injection molding operation, melt will accumulate in the gap. During a colour molding operation, melt will accumulate in the gap. During a colour changeover, the accumulated melt in the gap will be difficult to clean out without removing at least the external hollow element from the nozzle, which will extend the time required to effect the colour changeover. Further, the melt in the gap can burn or otherwise degrade after a period of time. The melt can then migrate out of the gap and make its way into the mold cavity, which will negatively impact the quality of the molded article.
US Patent No. 5,545,028 and 5,554,395, both to Hume et al, describe multi-piece nozzle tip assemblies including a tip, a tip retainer and a seal piece. The tip retainer is spaced from the tip along a portion of their respective lengths, however, a region of contact exists where the tip retainer retains the tip. A seal piece is provided between the tip and either the mold plate or the tip retainer, to prevent melt from filling the space between the tip and the tip retainer. However, the tip can still incur heat losses through contact with the tip retainer.
Thus, there is a continuing need for new nozzle constructions that inhibit heat losses out of the tip.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, the invention is directed to a nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removably connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece is spaced from said tip. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of the tip and the tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap.
In a second aspect, the invention is directed to a nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removabiy connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece and the tip are spaced from each other by a gap. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece seals against both the tip and the tip surrounding piece to inhibit leakage of melt therepast into at least a portion of the gap.
In a third aspect, the invention is directed to a nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removably connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece and the tip are spaced from each other by a gap. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece 4 _ forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of said tip and at least a portion of said tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap. The tip surrounding piece retains the tip in place through the seal piece.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of injection molding apparatus having a plurality of nozzles in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a magnified sectional view of a portion of the nozzle shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a magnified sectional view of a portion of a nozzle in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a magnified sectional view of a portion of a nozzle in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference is made to Figure 1, which shows an injection molding apparatus 10, which includes a runner component 12, a mold component 14, a plurality of nozzles 16 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present.
The runner component 12 includes a melt runner system composed of a plurality of runners 18, which transfer melt from a main runner inlet 20 to the nozzles 16. The runner component 12 may be heated by a heater 22.
The mold component 14 is made up of a plurality of mold plates 23, which together define a plurality of mold cavities 24. A gate 28 into each mold cavity 24 is defined in the mold component 14. Each gate 28 is positioned downstream from one of the nozzles 16.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an injection molding apparatus, and more particularly to a hot runner nozzle for an injection molding apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A hot runner injection molding apparatus typically includes nozzles that are heated to maintain melt therein at a controlled temperature. The nozzles are typically in contact with a mold component that defines one or more mold cavities. The mold cavities in the mold component are filled with melt that first passes through the nozzles. The mold component is then typically cooled in order to solidify the melt in the mold cavities, thus forming a plurality of molded parts, which are then ejected from the mold cavities.
Because the nozzles are typically heated, and the mold component is cooled at least for a portion of an injection molding cycle, it is desirable to provide a relatively low heat transfer from the nozzles into the mold component. Many nozzle constructions have been proposed in the past to address this issue. An example of such a nozzle construction is shown in US
Patent No. 5,299,928 (Gellert). Gellert proposes a nozzle having a tip through which melt flows and a separate tip retainer piece that retains the tip in place.
The tip retainer is made from a material that has a different thermal conductivity than that of the tip. While the configuration proposed by Gellert was an improvement over the prior art, undesirable heat losses can still occur from the tip through to the mold plate.
Another proposed nozzle construction is described in US patent application publication 200310118688 (Bazzo et al.) Bazzo et al. describes a nozzle having a tip and an external hollow element around the tip that contacts the mold to form a seal therewith. The tip and the external hollow element do not contact one another directly, and are separated by a gap.
There are several problems with this design however. During an injection molding operation, melt will accumulate in the gap. During a colour molding operation, melt will accumulate in the gap. During a colour changeover, the accumulated melt in the gap will be difficult to clean out without removing at least the external hollow element from the nozzle, which will extend the time required to effect the colour changeover. Further, the melt in the gap can burn or otherwise degrade after a period of time. The melt can then migrate out of the gap and make its way into the mold cavity, which will negatively impact the quality of the molded article.
US Patent No. 5,545,028 and 5,554,395, both to Hume et al, describe multi-piece nozzle tip assemblies including a tip, a tip retainer and a seal piece. The tip retainer is spaced from the tip along a portion of their respective lengths, however, a region of contact exists where the tip retainer retains the tip. A seal piece is provided between the tip and either the mold plate or the tip retainer, to prevent melt from filling the space between the tip and the tip retainer. However, the tip can still incur heat losses through contact with the tip retainer.
Thus, there is a continuing need for new nozzle constructions that inhibit heat losses out of the tip.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, the invention is directed to a nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removably connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece is spaced from said tip. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of the tip and the tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap.
In a second aspect, the invention is directed to a nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removabiy connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece and the tip are spaced from each other by a gap. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece seals against both the tip and the tip surrounding piece to inhibit leakage of melt therepast into at least a portion of the gap.
In a third aspect, the invention is directed to a nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising a nozzle body, a heater, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and a seal piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source. The heater is thermally connected to the nozzle body for heating melt in the nozzle body melt passage. The tip is removably connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The tip surrounding piece and the tip are spaced from each other by a gap. The seal piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The seal piece 4 _ forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of said tip and at least a portion of said tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap. The tip surrounding piece retains the tip in place through the seal piece.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of injection molding apparatus having a plurality of nozzles in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a magnified sectional view of a portion of the nozzle shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a magnified sectional view of a portion of a nozzle in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a magnified sectional view of a portion of a nozzle in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference is made to Figure 1, which shows an injection molding apparatus 10, which includes a runner component 12, a mold component 14, a plurality of nozzles 16 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present.
The runner component 12 includes a melt runner system composed of a plurality of runners 18, which transfer melt from a main runner inlet 20 to the nozzles 16. The runner component 12 may be heated by a heater 22.
The mold component 14 is made up of a plurality of mold plates 23, which together define a plurality of mold cavities 24. A gate 28 into each mold cavity 24 is defined in the mold component 14. Each gate 28 is positioned downstream from one of the nozzles 16.
A plurality of cooling channels 30 may be included in the mold component 14. The cooling channels 30 transport a cooling fluid throughout the mold component 14 to cool and solidify melt in the mold cavities 24.
Reference is made to Figure 2. Each nozzle 16 transfers melt from the runner component 12 to one of the mold cavities 24 in the mold component 14. Each nozzle 16 includes a nozzle body 32, a heater 34, a tip 36, a tip surrounding piece 38, a seal piece 40 and an optional thermocouple 41.
The nozzle body 32 defines a nozzle body melt passage 42 that receives melt from one of the runners 18. The nozzle body 32 may be made from a single piece of material, such as a thermally conductive metal. It is alternatively possible, however, for the nozzle body 32 to be made from a plurality of components, depending on the specific configuration desired.
The heater 34 is connected to the nozzle body 32 for heating melt in the nozzle 16. The heater 34 may be any suitable kind of heater, such as a resistive wire heater, or a sleeve heater, as long as it is thermally connected to the nozzle body 32, ie. the heater 34 is connected such that heat is transferable from the heater 34 to the nozzle body 32. For example, the heater 34 may wrap around the nozzle body 32 in a groove on the outer surFace of the nozzle body 32.
The tip 36 defines a tip melt passage 44, and is connected to the nozzle body 32 so that the tip melt passage 44 is in fluid communication with and downstream from the nozzle body melt passage 42.
As melt passes through and exits the tip 36, it can cause wear to the tip 36, particularly at the outlet end of the tip melt passage 44. The tip 36 may be made removably connected to the nozzle body 32, so that the tip 36 can be removed and replaced as necessary without requiring the replacement of the entire nozzle body 32 due to tip wear.
The removable connection of the tip 36 to the nozzle body 32 may be made in any suitable way. For example, the tip 36 may be connected to the nozzle body 32 by means of a first threaded portion 46 on the tip 36 and a corresponding second threaded portion 48 on the nozzle body 32. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the tip 36 is externally threaded, and the nozzle body 32 is internally threaded. Alternatively, however, the tip 36 and the nozzle body 32 may be threaded in any suitable way.
The tip 36 may be made from a wear resistant material, to resist wear that can occur as a result of the melt flow therethrough. For example, the tip 36 may be made from Be-Cu (Beryllium-Copper), which is a wear resistant, material.
The tip 36 may also be made from a tip material having a relatively high thermal conductivity to facilitate the conduction of heat from the heater 34 to the melt in the tip melt passage 44. Some examples of suitable materials for the tip 36 are Be-Cu (Beryllium-Copper), Beryllium-free Copper such as, for example, Ampco 940T"", TZM (TitaniumlZirconium carbide), Aluminum or Aluminum-based alloys, InconelT"", Molybdenum or suitable Molybdenum alloys, H13, mold steel or AerMet 100T"". Be-Cu is a material of construction for the tip 36 that has both suitably high thermal conductivity and suitably high wear-resistance.
The tip 36 may include a tool engagement portion 50 for receiving a tool (not shown), to facilitate the installation and removal of the tip 36 with respect to the nozzle body 32.
The tip surrounding piece 38 is connected to the nozzle body 32.
Optionally, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be made removably connectable to the nozzle body 32. For example, the tip surrounding piece 38 may include a third threaded portion 52 which mates with a corresponding fourth threaded portion 54 on the nozzle body 32.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the threaded portion 52 is internally threaded, and the threaded portion 54 is externally threaded.
Alternatively, however, the threaded portions 52 and 54 may be threaded in any suitable fashion for the removable attachment of the tip surrounding piece 38 to the nozzle body 32.
It is contemplated that in an alternative configuration, (not shown), the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 could be made whereby a first threaded portion and a third threaded portion could mate with a common second threaded portion on the nozzle body 32, that is adapted to receive both.
The tip surrounding piece 38 provides at least one of several functions, namely, sealing against melt leakage out of the space between the tip 36 and the gate 28, and aligning the nozzle 16 with respect to the gate 28.
Preferably, the tip surrounding piece 38 performs both functions.
With respect to the sealing function, the tip surrounding piece 38 may include a first sealing surface 56, which cooperates with a corresponding second sealing surface 58 on the mold component 14. The seal formed by the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 inhibits melt leakage therebetween. The seal may be any suitable type of seat. For example, the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 may contact each other to form a mechanical seal. Alternatively, the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 may cooperate to form a gap seal. A gap seal functions as follows. The first sealing surface 56 and the second sealing surface 58 do not actually contact each other, but are spaced apart slightly, leaving a gap therebetween.
The gap inhibits melt flow between the two surfaces 56 and 58, however some melt may leak therebetween. The gap is sized, however, to provide a pressure drop that is too high for the melt to flow all the way past the seal.
As an alternative to an individual mechanical seal or an individual gap seal, the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 may mate to form a series of two or more seals, that can include one or more mechanical seals and one or more gap seals. The gap seal is further described in US patent publication no. 2003-0082264 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Wth respect to the alignment function, the tip surrounding piece 38 may include a first alignment surface 60, which cooperates with a second alignment surface 62 on the mold component 14. The first alignment surface 60 may, for example, comprise an outer cylindrical surface 64 on the tip surrounding piece 38, which mates with a bore 66 in the mold component 14.
The first alignment surface 58 may be the same surface as the first sealing surface 56. The second alignment surface 62 may be the same surface as the second sealing surtace 58.
The tip surrounding piece 38 may include a tool engagement portion 68 for receiving a tool (not shown), to facilitate the installation and removal of the tip surrounding piece 38 with respect to the nozzle body 32.
Typically, for at least some portion of an injection molding cycle, the melt in the mold component 14 and the melt in the nozzle 16 are maintained at different temperatures. For example, the mold component 14 may be cooled to solidify the melt in the mold cavity 24. However, the nozzle 16 may be heated to keep the melt contained therein hot and ready for the next injection phase. In order to reduce unwanted heat transfer between the nozzle 16 and the mold component 14, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be made from a tip surrounding piece material that is comparatively less thermally conductive than the material of the tip 36. Suitable materials for the tip surrounding piece 38 include titanium, stainless steel, and chrome steel.
Other alternative materials include ceramics and plastics. Other suitable materials for the tip surrounding piece 38 are disclosed in US Patent No.
5,879,727 (Purl), which is hereby incorporated by reference. Purl discloses such materials for use as an insulative Layer for a nozzle.
The tip surrounding piece 38 may be made from the same material as the tip 38, however. For example, the second material may be made from H13 or mold steel. Regardless of the material of manufacture for the tip surrounding piece 38, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be configured to have a relatively small contact surface area with the mold component 14 at the sealing surface 56 andlor the alignment surface 60, to reduce heat transfer between the tip surrounding piece 38 and the mold component 14.
The tip surrounding piece 38 may be subject to wear from sliding movement between either the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 or the first and second alignment surfaces 60 and 62. Such movement can occur as a result of the repeated cycles of thermal expansion and contraction of the nozzle 16 that occur during an injection molding operation. The tip surrounding piece 38 is preferably made from a wear resistant material so as to resist the wear that is incurred during use. In light of the above considerations, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be made from a material having a low thermal conductivity and high wear resistance.
The tip surrounding piece 38 is spaced from the tip 36. Because the tip surrounding piece 38 is positioned to be in more direct thermal contact with the mold component 14 than is the tip 36, the tip surrounding piece 38 is likely to have a lower average temperature than the tip 36. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the tip 36 is spaced from the mold component 14, whereas the tip surrounding piece 38 is in direct contact with the mold component 14. By spacing the tip surrounding piece 38 entirely from the tip 36 and thus having no direct contact between them, heat losses from the tip 36 are reduced.
Furthermore, the seal piece is positioned between the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38, and seals against melt leakage between the tip 36 and tip surrounding piece 38, so that an air gap 70 is maintained between the tip 36 and tip surrounding piece 38 at least along a portion of their respective lengths. The air gap 70 thermally insulates the tip 36 from the tip surrounding piece 38, and in so doing, further reduces heat losses from the tip 36.
By reducing the heat losses out of the tip 36, the melt therein can more easily be maintained at a controlled temperature prior to injection into the mold cavity 24. Furthermore, the temperature discrepancy between melt in the tip 36 where temperature is typically lower and melt in the middle portion of the nozzle 16, ie. roughly centrally positioned between the inlet and outlet of the nozzle 16, where temperature is typically higher. Maintaining a more uniform melt temperature improves control of the quality of the molded parts by reducing the likelihood of burning the melt or partially solidifying it in the nozzle 16.
The seal piece 40 may be an o-ring 72 that rests in a first groove 76 and a second groove 77. The first and second grooves 76 and 77 are positioned in the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 respectively. It is alternatively possible for only one of fihe tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 to contain a groove sufficient to hold the o-ring 72, instead of having grooves 76 and 77 in both of the pieces 36 and 38.
The seal piece 40 is made from a material that is suitable for sealing against melt leakage. For example, in the form of the o-ring 72, suitable materials include stainless steels, such as Inconel.
The seal piece 40 may also be made from a material that has a thermal conductivity that is lower than that of the tip 36, to reduce the heat Joss from the tip 36 to the tip surrounding piece 38.
The seal piece 40 may have a circular cross-section as shown in Figure 2. Alternatively, however, the seal piece 40 may have other cross-sectional shapes. For example, the seal piece 40 may possess a generally C-shaped cross-section to enhance its flexibility, or to facilitate the assembly of the tip 36, the tip surrounding piece 38 and the seal piece 40 on the nozzle body 32.
Preferably, the seal piece 40 is positioned so as to maximize the length of the air gap 70, to reduce the heat Loss from the tip 36. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the seal piece 40 is positioned adjacent the gate-facing end of the tip surrounding piece 38. In general, the seal piece 40 is preferably placed adjacent the gate-facing end of whichever of the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 is farther from the gate 28. This positions the seal piece 40 so that fihe air gap 70 is as large as possible, which provides increased thermal insulation around the tip 36.
Furthermore, by positioning the seal piece 40 proximate the end of the tip surrounding piece 38 reduces or eliminates the accumulation of melt between the tip 36 and tip surrounding piece 38. In this way, the risk is reduced of inadvertently accumulating melt and subsequently burning or otherwise the accumulated melt over time. Accordingly, the risk is reduced of degrading the quality of the molded articles as a result of inadvertently introducing degraded melt into the mold cavity.
Another advantage to positioning the seal piece 40 proximate the end of the tip surrounding piece 38 is that the avoidance of accumulating melt between the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 facilitates colour changeovers, or other material changeovers where cross-contamination between the old and new melt materials is undesirable.
The thermocouple 41 may be mounted in any suitable way in the nozzle 16 for sensing the temperature of melt flowing through the nozzle 16.
The thermocouple 41 sends a signal corresponding to the sensed temperature back to a control system (not shown), which can be used to control the heat output of the heater 34.
Reference is made to Figure 3, which shows a nozzle 80 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The nozzle 80 includes a nozzle body 82, the heater 34, a tip 84, a tip surrounding piece 86, a seal piece 87, an optional fourth piece 88 and the thermocouple 41. The nozzle body 82 may be similar to the nozzle body 32 (Figure 2), except that the nozzle body 82 may include an optional first threaded portion 90 for receiving a corresponding optional second threaded portion 92 on the fourth piece 88.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the nozzle body 82 does not include a threaded portion for receiving the tip 84.
The nozzle body 82 defines a nozzle body melt passage 94, which may be similar to the nozzle body melt passage 42 (Figure 2). The heater 34 may be positioned anywhere suitable for heating melt in the nozzle 80.
The tip 84 may be similar to the tip 36 (Figure 2) and defines a tip melt passage 96 therethrough. The tip 84 does not, however, have a threaded portion thereon for attachment to the nozzle body 82, and is instead retained in place in the nozzle 80 by the tip surrounding piece 86 through the seal piece 87.
The tip 84 fits within a bore 98 in the nozzle body 82, whereby the tip melt passage 96 is in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage 94. The tip 84 abuts a shoulder 99 in the bore 98, and forms a seal therewith to prevent melt leakage therebetween from within the nozzle body melt passage 94.
The tip 84 may be made from a relatively thermally conductive material, such as any of the materials used for the tip 36 (Figure 2).
The tip 84 may be subject to a relatively abrasive or corrosive melt composition. Thus, the tip 84 may be made from a wear resistant material, such as Tungsten Carbide to provide an increased operating life. Depending on the material selected for the tip 84, a threaded portion can be relatively difficult to machine. Furthermore, such a threaded portion can be brittle and subject to premature failure, depending on the material of manufacture for the tip 84. Thus, by making the tip 84 threadless, a greater number of materials are available for its manufacture, such as Tungsten Carbide.
Furthermore, by making the tip 84 threadless, some cost of manufacture is saved for the tip 84 and correspondingly for the nozzle body 82. In addition, by eliminating the need to include threads on the tip 84, the cost of replacement sets of tips 84 can be reduced.
The tip 84 may include an optional tool engagement portion 100, which can be engaged by a tool (not shown) to facilitate the installation in and removal from the bore 98.
The tip surrounding piece 86 may be similar to the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2), and may include the first sealing surface 56 and the first alignment surface 60 for sealing and aligning with the second sealing surface 58 and the second alignment surface 62 respectively.
The tip surrounding piece 86 retains the tip 84 in place in the bore 98 through the seal piece 87. The tip surrounding piece 86 must be made strong enough to resist the melt pressures that can be exerted axially on the tip 84 during an injection molding operation. Furthermore, the tip surrounding piece 86 may be subject to wear from sliding movement between either the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 or the first and second alignment surfaces 60 and 62. The tip surrounding piece 86 is preferably made from a suitably strong, wear resistant material so as to provide an extended operating life in spite of the wear that is incurred by the tip surrounding piece 86. However, some materials that have high wear resistance, such as Be-Cu may not have relatively low thermal conductivities. To satisfy the potentially conflicting needs of low thermal conductivity and high wear resistance, the tip surrounding piece 86 may attach removably to the optional insulator piece 88 instead of attaching directly to the nozzle body 82.
The optional fourth piece 88 is connected to the nozzle body 82 and receives the tip surrounding piece 86. The fourth piece 88 is an insulator piece, which may be made from a material having a relatively lower thermal conductivity than that of the tip surrounding piece 86. Thus, heat losses are reduced from the nozzle body 82 into the tip surrounding piece 86 and in turn, into the mold component 14.
The insulator piece 88 may be removably connected to the nozzle body 82, by means, for example, of the first and second threaded portions 90 and 92. In addition to the first threaded portion 90, the insulator piece 88 may also include a third threaded portion 101 for mating with a fourth threaded portion 102 on the tip surrounding piece 86.
By having the insulator piece 88 between the tip surrounding piece 86 and the nozzle body 82, the tip surrounding piece 86 may be made from a material having any desired wear resistance, with less regard than would be needed in the embodiment in Figure 2, as to whether it has a relatively high or tow thermal conductivity.
The insulator piece 88 has been described in relation to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, however, the insulator piece 88 may also be included in any of the other embodiments described herein.
It is alternatively possible for the tip surrounding piece 86 to attach directly to the nozzle body 82, ie. without having the insulator piece 88 therebetween. In that case, it is preferable for the tip surrounding piece 86 to have a relatively lower thermal conductivity than that of the nozzle body 82, and may be made from any of the same materials as the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
The tip surrounding piece 86 may include a tool engagement portion 103 for the engagement of a tool (not shown), to facilitate the installation and removal of the tip surrounding piece with respect to the rest of the nozzle 16.
The tip surrounding piece 86 is entirely spaced from the tip 84, so that the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 are free of contact with each other.
An air gap 104 is maintained between the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86, by the seal piece 87, similar to air gap 70 maintained by the seal piece between the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
The seal piece 87 may be similar to the seal piece 40 (Figure 2), and is positioned between the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 to seal against melt leakage therebetween. In this way, the seal provided by the seal piece 87 with the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 provides similar advantages to those provided by the seal provided by the seal piece 40 with the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the tip surrounding piece 86 retains the tip 84 through the seal piece 87. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the seal piece 87 possesses sufficient rigidity to maintain the tip 84 in place during an injection molding operation.
The seal piece 87 may be made from a material that has a relatively lower thermal conductivity than that of the tip 84. The seal piece 87 may be positioned within a first groove 106 in the tip 84 and in a second groove 108 in the tip surrounding piece 86. The seal piece 87 cooperates with both of the first and second grooves 106 and 108 to transmit a supporting force from the tip surrounding piece 86 to the tip 84.
In the configuration shown in Figure 3, to assist in the retaining and supporting function provided by the tip retaining piece 86 on the tip 84 through the seal piece 87, the seal piece 87 may be positioned between generally conical walls 110 and 112 on the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 respectively.
In a further embodiment that is not shown, it is possible to provide the seal piece 87 between conical walls of the tip 84 and tip surrounding piece 86, without the need for grooves in the conical walls. This is true particularly if the walls are conical beneath (ie. in the direction towards the gate xx) the seal piece 87. Furthermore, the seal piece 87 could be positioned between such conical walls without the need for grooves in the walls, regardless of whether or not the tip is retained in place by the tip surrounding piece.
Reference is made to Figure 4, which shows a nozzle 130 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, together with the mold component 14. The nozzle 130 may be similar to any of the nozzles described above, except that the nozzle 130 includes a seal piece 136 that has a square cross-sectional shape. The nozzle 130 includes the nozzle body 32, the heater 34, a tip 132, a tip surrounding piece 134, the seal piece 136, and the thermocouple 41: The embodiment shown in Figure 4 illustrates that the seal piece 136, may have a shape that is other than circular in cross section. The seal piece 136 may be positioned partially in a first groove 138 in the tip 132, and partially in a second groove 140 in the tip surrounding piece 134. The first and second grooves 138 and 140 may be generally rectangular in cross-section. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), it is possible for the seal piece 136 to be retained within a single groove positioned in either the tip 132 or the tip retaining piece 134.
Aside from the rectangular grooves 138 and 140, the tip 132 and the tip surrounding piece 134 may otherwise be similar to any of the tips and tip surrounding pieces described above in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The seal provided by the seal piece 136 with the tip 132 and the tip surrounding piece 134 provides similar advantages to those provided by the seal provided by the seal piece 40 with the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
Particular examples of an injection molding apparatus are shown in the Figures. It will be appreciated that the injection molding apparatus that incorporates the gating system of the present invention may be any suitable type of injection molding apparatus and is not limited to the examples shown.
While the above description constitutes the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that the present invention is susceptible to modification and change without departing from the fair meaning of the accompanying claims.
Reference is made to Figure 2. Each nozzle 16 transfers melt from the runner component 12 to one of the mold cavities 24 in the mold component 14. Each nozzle 16 includes a nozzle body 32, a heater 34, a tip 36, a tip surrounding piece 38, a seal piece 40 and an optional thermocouple 41.
The nozzle body 32 defines a nozzle body melt passage 42 that receives melt from one of the runners 18. The nozzle body 32 may be made from a single piece of material, such as a thermally conductive metal. It is alternatively possible, however, for the nozzle body 32 to be made from a plurality of components, depending on the specific configuration desired.
The heater 34 is connected to the nozzle body 32 for heating melt in the nozzle 16. The heater 34 may be any suitable kind of heater, such as a resistive wire heater, or a sleeve heater, as long as it is thermally connected to the nozzle body 32, ie. the heater 34 is connected such that heat is transferable from the heater 34 to the nozzle body 32. For example, the heater 34 may wrap around the nozzle body 32 in a groove on the outer surFace of the nozzle body 32.
The tip 36 defines a tip melt passage 44, and is connected to the nozzle body 32 so that the tip melt passage 44 is in fluid communication with and downstream from the nozzle body melt passage 42.
As melt passes through and exits the tip 36, it can cause wear to the tip 36, particularly at the outlet end of the tip melt passage 44. The tip 36 may be made removably connected to the nozzle body 32, so that the tip 36 can be removed and replaced as necessary without requiring the replacement of the entire nozzle body 32 due to tip wear.
The removable connection of the tip 36 to the nozzle body 32 may be made in any suitable way. For example, the tip 36 may be connected to the nozzle body 32 by means of a first threaded portion 46 on the tip 36 and a corresponding second threaded portion 48 on the nozzle body 32. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the tip 36 is externally threaded, and the nozzle body 32 is internally threaded. Alternatively, however, the tip 36 and the nozzle body 32 may be threaded in any suitable way.
The tip 36 may be made from a wear resistant material, to resist wear that can occur as a result of the melt flow therethrough. For example, the tip 36 may be made from Be-Cu (Beryllium-Copper), which is a wear resistant, material.
The tip 36 may also be made from a tip material having a relatively high thermal conductivity to facilitate the conduction of heat from the heater 34 to the melt in the tip melt passage 44. Some examples of suitable materials for the tip 36 are Be-Cu (Beryllium-Copper), Beryllium-free Copper such as, for example, Ampco 940T"", TZM (TitaniumlZirconium carbide), Aluminum or Aluminum-based alloys, InconelT"", Molybdenum or suitable Molybdenum alloys, H13, mold steel or AerMet 100T"". Be-Cu is a material of construction for the tip 36 that has both suitably high thermal conductivity and suitably high wear-resistance.
The tip 36 may include a tool engagement portion 50 for receiving a tool (not shown), to facilitate the installation and removal of the tip 36 with respect to the nozzle body 32.
The tip surrounding piece 38 is connected to the nozzle body 32.
Optionally, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be made removably connectable to the nozzle body 32. For example, the tip surrounding piece 38 may include a third threaded portion 52 which mates with a corresponding fourth threaded portion 54 on the nozzle body 32.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the threaded portion 52 is internally threaded, and the threaded portion 54 is externally threaded.
Alternatively, however, the threaded portions 52 and 54 may be threaded in any suitable fashion for the removable attachment of the tip surrounding piece 38 to the nozzle body 32.
It is contemplated that in an alternative configuration, (not shown), the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 could be made whereby a first threaded portion and a third threaded portion could mate with a common second threaded portion on the nozzle body 32, that is adapted to receive both.
The tip surrounding piece 38 provides at least one of several functions, namely, sealing against melt leakage out of the space between the tip 36 and the gate 28, and aligning the nozzle 16 with respect to the gate 28.
Preferably, the tip surrounding piece 38 performs both functions.
With respect to the sealing function, the tip surrounding piece 38 may include a first sealing surface 56, which cooperates with a corresponding second sealing surface 58 on the mold component 14. The seal formed by the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 inhibits melt leakage therebetween. The seal may be any suitable type of seat. For example, the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 may contact each other to form a mechanical seal. Alternatively, the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 may cooperate to form a gap seal. A gap seal functions as follows. The first sealing surface 56 and the second sealing surface 58 do not actually contact each other, but are spaced apart slightly, leaving a gap therebetween.
The gap inhibits melt flow between the two surfaces 56 and 58, however some melt may leak therebetween. The gap is sized, however, to provide a pressure drop that is too high for the melt to flow all the way past the seal.
As an alternative to an individual mechanical seal or an individual gap seal, the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 may mate to form a series of two or more seals, that can include one or more mechanical seals and one or more gap seals. The gap seal is further described in US patent publication no. 2003-0082264 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Wth respect to the alignment function, the tip surrounding piece 38 may include a first alignment surface 60, which cooperates with a second alignment surface 62 on the mold component 14. The first alignment surface 60 may, for example, comprise an outer cylindrical surface 64 on the tip surrounding piece 38, which mates with a bore 66 in the mold component 14.
The first alignment surface 58 may be the same surface as the first sealing surface 56. The second alignment surface 62 may be the same surface as the second sealing surtace 58.
The tip surrounding piece 38 may include a tool engagement portion 68 for receiving a tool (not shown), to facilitate the installation and removal of the tip surrounding piece 38 with respect to the nozzle body 32.
Typically, for at least some portion of an injection molding cycle, the melt in the mold component 14 and the melt in the nozzle 16 are maintained at different temperatures. For example, the mold component 14 may be cooled to solidify the melt in the mold cavity 24. However, the nozzle 16 may be heated to keep the melt contained therein hot and ready for the next injection phase. In order to reduce unwanted heat transfer between the nozzle 16 and the mold component 14, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be made from a tip surrounding piece material that is comparatively less thermally conductive than the material of the tip 36. Suitable materials for the tip surrounding piece 38 include titanium, stainless steel, and chrome steel.
Other alternative materials include ceramics and plastics. Other suitable materials for the tip surrounding piece 38 are disclosed in US Patent No.
5,879,727 (Purl), which is hereby incorporated by reference. Purl discloses such materials for use as an insulative Layer for a nozzle.
The tip surrounding piece 38 may be made from the same material as the tip 38, however. For example, the second material may be made from H13 or mold steel. Regardless of the material of manufacture for the tip surrounding piece 38, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be configured to have a relatively small contact surface area with the mold component 14 at the sealing surface 56 andlor the alignment surface 60, to reduce heat transfer between the tip surrounding piece 38 and the mold component 14.
The tip surrounding piece 38 may be subject to wear from sliding movement between either the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 or the first and second alignment surfaces 60 and 62. Such movement can occur as a result of the repeated cycles of thermal expansion and contraction of the nozzle 16 that occur during an injection molding operation. The tip surrounding piece 38 is preferably made from a wear resistant material so as to resist the wear that is incurred during use. In light of the above considerations, the tip surrounding piece 38 may be made from a material having a low thermal conductivity and high wear resistance.
The tip surrounding piece 38 is spaced from the tip 36. Because the tip surrounding piece 38 is positioned to be in more direct thermal contact with the mold component 14 than is the tip 36, the tip surrounding piece 38 is likely to have a lower average temperature than the tip 36. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the tip 36 is spaced from the mold component 14, whereas the tip surrounding piece 38 is in direct contact with the mold component 14. By spacing the tip surrounding piece 38 entirely from the tip 36 and thus having no direct contact between them, heat losses from the tip 36 are reduced.
Furthermore, the seal piece is positioned between the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38, and seals against melt leakage between the tip 36 and tip surrounding piece 38, so that an air gap 70 is maintained between the tip 36 and tip surrounding piece 38 at least along a portion of their respective lengths. The air gap 70 thermally insulates the tip 36 from the tip surrounding piece 38, and in so doing, further reduces heat losses from the tip 36.
By reducing the heat losses out of the tip 36, the melt therein can more easily be maintained at a controlled temperature prior to injection into the mold cavity 24. Furthermore, the temperature discrepancy between melt in the tip 36 where temperature is typically lower and melt in the middle portion of the nozzle 16, ie. roughly centrally positioned between the inlet and outlet of the nozzle 16, where temperature is typically higher. Maintaining a more uniform melt temperature improves control of the quality of the molded parts by reducing the likelihood of burning the melt or partially solidifying it in the nozzle 16.
The seal piece 40 may be an o-ring 72 that rests in a first groove 76 and a second groove 77. The first and second grooves 76 and 77 are positioned in the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 respectively. It is alternatively possible for only one of fihe tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 to contain a groove sufficient to hold the o-ring 72, instead of having grooves 76 and 77 in both of the pieces 36 and 38.
The seal piece 40 is made from a material that is suitable for sealing against melt leakage. For example, in the form of the o-ring 72, suitable materials include stainless steels, such as Inconel.
The seal piece 40 may also be made from a material that has a thermal conductivity that is lower than that of the tip 36, to reduce the heat Joss from the tip 36 to the tip surrounding piece 38.
The seal piece 40 may have a circular cross-section as shown in Figure 2. Alternatively, however, the seal piece 40 may have other cross-sectional shapes. For example, the seal piece 40 may possess a generally C-shaped cross-section to enhance its flexibility, or to facilitate the assembly of the tip 36, the tip surrounding piece 38 and the seal piece 40 on the nozzle body 32.
Preferably, the seal piece 40 is positioned so as to maximize the length of the air gap 70, to reduce the heat Loss from the tip 36. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the seal piece 40 is positioned adjacent the gate-facing end of the tip surrounding piece 38. In general, the seal piece 40 is preferably placed adjacent the gate-facing end of whichever of the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 is farther from the gate 28. This positions the seal piece 40 so that fihe air gap 70 is as large as possible, which provides increased thermal insulation around the tip 36.
Furthermore, by positioning the seal piece 40 proximate the end of the tip surrounding piece 38 reduces or eliminates the accumulation of melt between the tip 36 and tip surrounding piece 38. In this way, the risk is reduced of inadvertently accumulating melt and subsequently burning or otherwise the accumulated melt over time. Accordingly, the risk is reduced of degrading the quality of the molded articles as a result of inadvertently introducing degraded melt into the mold cavity.
Another advantage to positioning the seal piece 40 proximate the end of the tip surrounding piece 38 is that the avoidance of accumulating melt between the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 facilitates colour changeovers, or other material changeovers where cross-contamination between the old and new melt materials is undesirable.
The thermocouple 41 may be mounted in any suitable way in the nozzle 16 for sensing the temperature of melt flowing through the nozzle 16.
The thermocouple 41 sends a signal corresponding to the sensed temperature back to a control system (not shown), which can be used to control the heat output of the heater 34.
Reference is made to Figure 3, which shows a nozzle 80 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The nozzle 80 includes a nozzle body 82, the heater 34, a tip 84, a tip surrounding piece 86, a seal piece 87, an optional fourth piece 88 and the thermocouple 41. The nozzle body 82 may be similar to the nozzle body 32 (Figure 2), except that the nozzle body 82 may include an optional first threaded portion 90 for receiving a corresponding optional second threaded portion 92 on the fourth piece 88.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the nozzle body 82 does not include a threaded portion for receiving the tip 84.
The nozzle body 82 defines a nozzle body melt passage 94, which may be similar to the nozzle body melt passage 42 (Figure 2). The heater 34 may be positioned anywhere suitable for heating melt in the nozzle 80.
The tip 84 may be similar to the tip 36 (Figure 2) and defines a tip melt passage 96 therethrough. The tip 84 does not, however, have a threaded portion thereon for attachment to the nozzle body 82, and is instead retained in place in the nozzle 80 by the tip surrounding piece 86 through the seal piece 87.
The tip 84 fits within a bore 98 in the nozzle body 82, whereby the tip melt passage 96 is in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage 94. The tip 84 abuts a shoulder 99 in the bore 98, and forms a seal therewith to prevent melt leakage therebetween from within the nozzle body melt passage 94.
The tip 84 may be made from a relatively thermally conductive material, such as any of the materials used for the tip 36 (Figure 2).
The tip 84 may be subject to a relatively abrasive or corrosive melt composition. Thus, the tip 84 may be made from a wear resistant material, such as Tungsten Carbide to provide an increased operating life. Depending on the material selected for the tip 84, a threaded portion can be relatively difficult to machine. Furthermore, such a threaded portion can be brittle and subject to premature failure, depending on the material of manufacture for the tip 84. Thus, by making the tip 84 threadless, a greater number of materials are available for its manufacture, such as Tungsten Carbide.
Furthermore, by making the tip 84 threadless, some cost of manufacture is saved for the tip 84 and correspondingly for the nozzle body 82. In addition, by eliminating the need to include threads on the tip 84, the cost of replacement sets of tips 84 can be reduced.
The tip 84 may include an optional tool engagement portion 100, which can be engaged by a tool (not shown) to facilitate the installation in and removal from the bore 98.
The tip surrounding piece 86 may be similar to the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2), and may include the first sealing surface 56 and the first alignment surface 60 for sealing and aligning with the second sealing surface 58 and the second alignment surface 62 respectively.
The tip surrounding piece 86 retains the tip 84 in place in the bore 98 through the seal piece 87. The tip surrounding piece 86 must be made strong enough to resist the melt pressures that can be exerted axially on the tip 84 during an injection molding operation. Furthermore, the tip surrounding piece 86 may be subject to wear from sliding movement between either the first and second sealing surfaces 56 and 58 or the first and second alignment surfaces 60 and 62. The tip surrounding piece 86 is preferably made from a suitably strong, wear resistant material so as to provide an extended operating life in spite of the wear that is incurred by the tip surrounding piece 86. However, some materials that have high wear resistance, such as Be-Cu may not have relatively low thermal conductivities. To satisfy the potentially conflicting needs of low thermal conductivity and high wear resistance, the tip surrounding piece 86 may attach removably to the optional insulator piece 88 instead of attaching directly to the nozzle body 82.
The optional fourth piece 88 is connected to the nozzle body 82 and receives the tip surrounding piece 86. The fourth piece 88 is an insulator piece, which may be made from a material having a relatively lower thermal conductivity than that of the tip surrounding piece 86. Thus, heat losses are reduced from the nozzle body 82 into the tip surrounding piece 86 and in turn, into the mold component 14.
The insulator piece 88 may be removably connected to the nozzle body 82, by means, for example, of the first and second threaded portions 90 and 92. In addition to the first threaded portion 90, the insulator piece 88 may also include a third threaded portion 101 for mating with a fourth threaded portion 102 on the tip surrounding piece 86.
By having the insulator piece 88 between the tip surrounding piece 86 and the nozzle body 82, the tip surrounding piece 86 may be made from a material having any desired wear resistance, with less regard than would be needed in the embodiment in Figure 2, as to whether it has a relatively high or tow thermal conductivity.
The insulator piece 88 has been described in relation to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, however, the insulator piece 88 may also be included in any of the other embodiments described herein.
It is alternatively possible for the tip surrounding piece 86 to attach directly to the nozzle body 82, ie. without having the insulator piece 88 therebetween. In that case, it is preferable for the tip surrounding piece 86 to have a relatively lower thermal conductivity than that of the nozzle body 82, and may be made from any of the same materials as the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
The tip surrounding piece 86 may include a tool engagement portion 103 for the engagement of a tool (not shown), to facilitate the installation and removal of the tip surrounding piece with respect to the rest of the nozzle 16.
The tip surrounding piece 86 is entirely spaced from the tip 84, so that the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 are free of contact with each other.
An air gap 104 is maintained between the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86, by the seal piece 87, similar to air gap 70 maintained by the seal piece between the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
The seal piece 87 may be similar to the seal piece 40 (Figure 2), and is positioned between the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 to seal against melt leakage therebetween. In this way, the seal provided by the seal piece 87 with the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 provides similar advantages to those provided by the seal provided by the seal piece 40 with the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the tip surrounding piece 86 retains the tip 84 through the seal piece 87. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the seal piece 87 possesses sufficient rigidity to maintain the tip 84 in place during an injection molding operation.
The seal piece 87 may be made from a material that has a relatively lower thermal conductivity than that of the tip 84. The seal piece 87 may be positioned within a first groove 106 in the tip 84 and in a second groove 108 in the tip surrounding piece 86. The seal piece 87 cooperates with both of the first and second grooves 106 and 108 to transmit a supporting force from the tip surrounding piece 86 to the tip 84.
In the configuration shown in Figure 3, to assist in the retaining and supporting function provided by the tip retaining piece 86 on the tip 84 through the seal piece 87, the seal piece 87 may be positioned between generally conical walls 110 and 112 on the tip 84 and the tip surrounding piece 86 respectively.
In a further embodiment that is not shown, it is possible to provide the seal piece 87 between conical walls of the tip 84 and tip surrounding piece 86, without the need for grooves in the conical walls. This is true particularly if the walls are conical beneath (ie. in the direction towards the gate xx) the seal piece 87. Furthermore, the seal piece 87 could be positioned between such conical walls without the need for grooves in the walls, regardless of whether or not the tip is retained in place by the tip surrounding piece.
Reference is made to Figure 4, which shows a nozzle 130 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, together with the mold component 14. The nozzle 130 may be similar to any of the nozzles described above, except that the nozzle 130 includes a seal piece 136 that has a square cross-sectional shape. The nozzle 130 includes the nozzle body 32, the heater 34, a tip 132, a tip surrounding piece 134, the seal piece 136, and the thermocouple 41: The embodiment shown in Figure 4 illustrates that the seal piece 136, may have a shape that is other than circular in cross section. The seal piece 136 may be positioned partially in a first groove 138 in the tip 132, and partially in a second groove 140 in the tip surrounding piece 134. The first and second grooves 138 and 140 may be generally rectangular in cross-section. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), it is possible for the seal piece 136 to be retained within a single groove positioned in either the tip 132 or the tip retaining piece 134.
Aside from the rectangular grooves 138 and 140, the tip 132 and the tip surrounding piece 134 may otherwise be similar to any of the tips and tip surrounding pieces described above in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The seal provided by the seal piece 136 with the tip 132 and the tip surrounding piece 134 provides similar advantages to those provided by the seal provided by the seal piece 40 with the tip 36 and the tip surrounding piece 38 (Figure 2).
Particular examples of an injection molding apparatus are shown in the Figures. It will be appreciated that the injection molding apparatus that incorporates the gating system of the present invention may be any suitable type of injection molding apparatus and is not limited to the examples shown.
While the above description constitutes the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that the present invention is susceptible to modification and change without departing from the fair meaning of the accompanying claims.
Claims (23)
1. A nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising:
a nozzle body, said nozzle body defining a nozzle body melt passage, wherein said nozzle body melt passage is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source;
a heater, wherein said heater is thermally connected to said nozzle body for heating melt in said nozzle body melt passage;
a tip removably connected to said nozzle body, wherein said tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough, wherein said tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with said nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component;
a tip surrounding piece removably connected with respect to said nozzle body, wherein said tip surrounding piece is spaced from said tip; and a seal piece positioned between said tip and said tip surrounding piece, wherein said seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of said tip and at least a portion of said tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap.
a nozzle body, said nozzle body defining a nozzle body melt passage, wherein said nozzle body melt passage is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source;
a heater, wherein said heater is thermally connected to said nozzle body for heating melt in said nozzle body melt passage;
a tip removably connected to said nozzle body, wherein said tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough, wherein said tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with said nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component;
a tip surrounding piece removably connected with respect to said nozzle body, wherein said tip surrounding piece is spaced from said tip; and a seal piece positioned between said tip and said tip surrounding piece, wherein said seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of said tip and at least a portion of said tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap.
2. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of said seal piece is less than the thermal conductivity of said tip.
3. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of said tip surrounding piece is less than the thermal conductivity of said tip.
4. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tip surrounding piece is configured to contact said mold component.
5. A nozzle as claimed in claim 4, wherein said tip surrounding piece is made of a material that inhibits heat transfer between said nozzle and said mold component.
6. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tip surrounding piece is configured to cooperate with said mold component to seal against melt leakage therebetween.
7. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tip has a first threaded portion for mating with a corresponding second threaded portion on said nozzle body.
8. A nozzle as claimed in claim 7, wherein said tip surrounding piece has a third threaded portion for mating with a corresponding fourth threaded portion on said nozzle body.
9. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tip surrounding piece retains said tip in place through said seal piece.
10. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tip surrounding piece is configured to align said nozzle with respect to a gate into said mold cavity in said mold component.
11. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an insulator piece, wherein said insulator piece is connected to said nozzle body and said tip surrounding piece is connected to said insulator piece.
12. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a fourth piece, wherein said fourth piece is connected to said nozzle body and said tip surrounding piece is connected to said fourth piece and wherein said fourth piece has a lower thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of said tip surrounding piece.
13. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seal piece is positioned proximate the gate-facing end of at least one of the tip and the tip surrounding piece.
14. A nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising:
a nozzle body, said nozzle body defining a nozzle body melt passage, wherein said nozzle body melt passage is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source;
a heater, wherein said heater is thermally connected to said nozzle body for heating melt in said nozzle body melt passage;
a tip removably connected to said nozzle body, wherein said tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough, wherein said tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with said nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component;
a tip surrounding piece removably connected with respect to said nozzle body, wherein said tip surrounding piece is free of contact with said tip, and wherein said tip surrounding piece and said tip are spaced from each other by a gap; and a seal piece positioned between said tip and said tip surrounding piece, wherein said seal piece seals against both said tip and said tip surrounding piece to inhibit leakage of melt therepast into at least a portion of said gap.
a nozzle body, said nozzle body defining a nozzle body melt passage, wherein said nozzle body melt passage is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source;
a heater, wherein said heater is thermally connected to said nozzle body for heating melt in said nozzle body melt passage;
a tip removably connected to said nozzle body, wherein said tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough, wherein said tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with said nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component;
a tip surrounding piece removably connected with respect to said nozzle body, wherein said tip surrounding piece is free of contact with said tip, and wherein said tip surrounding piece and said tip are spaced from each other by a gap; and a seal piece positioned between said tip and said tip surrounding piece, wherein said seal piece seals against both said tip and said tip surrounding piece to inhibit leakage of melt therepast into at least a portion of said gap.
15. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein the thermal conductivity of said seal piece is less than the thermal conductivity of said tip.
16. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein said tip has a first threaded portion for mating with a corresponding second threaded portion on said nozzle body.
17. A nozzle as claimed in claim 16, wherein said tip surrounding piece has a third threaded portion for mating with a corresponding fourth threaded portion on said nozzle body.
18. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein said tip is removably connected to said nozzle body.
19. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein said tip surrounding piece retains said tip in place through said seal piece.
20. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein said tip surrounding piece is configured to align said nozzle with respect to a gate into said mold cavity in said mold component.
21. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein said tip surrounding piece is configured to cooperate with said mold component to seal against melt leakage therebetween.
22. A nozzle as claimed in claim 14, wherein the seal piece is positioned proximate the gate-facing end of at least one of the tip and the tip surrounding piece.
23. A nozzle for an injection molding apparatus, comprising:
a nozzle body, said nozzle body defining a nozzle body melt passage, wherein said nozzle body melt passage is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source;
a heater, wherein said heater is thermally connected to said nozzle body for heating melt in said nozzle body melt passage;
a tip, wherein said tip removably contacts said nozzle body, wherein said tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough, wherein said tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with said nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component;
a tip surrounding piece removably connected with respect to said nozzle body, wherein said tip surrounding piece is free of contact with said tip, and wherein said tip surrounding piece and said tip are spaced from each other by a gap; and a seal piece positioned between said tip and said tip surrounding piece, wherein said seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of said tip and at least a portion of said tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap, and wherein said tip surrounding piece retains said tip in place through said seal piece.
a nozzle body, said nozzle body defining a nozzle body melt passage, wherein said nozzle body melt passage is adapted to be in fluid communication with an upstream melt source;
a heater, wherein said heater is thermally connected to said nozzle body for heating melt in said nozzle body melt passage;
a tip, wherein said tip removably contacts said nozzle body, wherein said tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough, wherein said tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with said nozzle body melt passage, and is adapted to be upstream from and in fluid communication with a mold cavity in a mold component;
a tip surrounding piece removably connected with respect to said nozzle body, wherein said tip surrounding piece is free of contact with said tip, and wherein said tip surrounding piece and said tip are spaced from each other by a gap; and a seal piece positioned between said tip and said tip surrounding piece, wherein said seal piece forms a seal with the tip and with the tip surrounding piece to inhibit melt leakage between the seal piece and the tip and between the seal piece and the tip surrounding piece, so that, in use, at least a portion of said tip and at least a portion of said tip surrounding piece are separated by an air gap, and wherein said tip surrounding piece retains said tip in place through said seal piece.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43171402P | 2002-12-09 | 2002-12-09 | |
| US60/431,714 | 2002-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2452112A1 true CA2452112A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002452112A Abandoned CA2452112A1 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-05 | Nozzle tip and seal |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7165965B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2452112A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10356937A1 (en) |
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| EP1531977B1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2007-09-19 | Mold-Masters Limited | A valve pin guide and alignment system for a hot-runner in an injection molding apparatus |
| US6726467B1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-27 | R&D Tool & Engineering Co. | Injection molding nozzle |
| CA2450411C (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2012-01-03 | Mold-Masters Limited | Hot runner nozzle with a tip, a tip surrounding piece and an alignment piece |
| CA2449907C (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2012-01-03 | Mold-Masters Limited | In-line valve gated nozzle |
-
2003
- 2003-12-05 DE DE10356937A patent/DE10356937A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-05 CA CA002452112A patent/CA2452112A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-08 US US10/728,872 patent/US7165965B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7165965B2 (en) | 2007-01-23 |
| US20040258788A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| DE10356937A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |