CA2455510A1 - A hemostatic composition - Google Patents
A hemostatic composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2455510A1 CA2455510A1 CA002455510A CA2455510A CA2455510A1 CA 2455510 A1 CA2455510 A1 CA 2455510A1 CA 002455510 A CA002455510 A CA 002455510A CA 2455510 A CA2455510 A CA 2455510A CA 2455510 A1 CA2455510 A1 CA 2455510A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- core particles
- group
- particulate material
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 34
- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 22
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003805 procoagulant Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 102100023804 Coagulation factor VII Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 108010023321 Factor VII Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 108090000190 Thrombin Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229940012413 factor vii Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229960004072 thrombin Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
- A61L24/02—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing inorganic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
- A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- A61K38/4833—Thrombin (3.4.21.5)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
- A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- A61K38/4846—Factor VII (3.4.21.21); Factor IX (3.4.21.22); Factor Xa (3.4.21.6); Factor XI (3.4.21.27); Factor XII (3.4.21.38)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/501—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5094—Microcapsules containing magnetic carrier material, e.g. ferrite for drug targeting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/04—Materials for stopping bleeding
Abstract
A hemostatic composition includes a carrier medium including a predetermined amount of a particulate material. The particulate material is comprised of core particles with a coating. The core particles have an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 pm, and the coating is one of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon, a polymer, or a combination thereof.
Claims (32)
1. A hemostatic composition, comprising:
a) a carrier medium;
b) a predetermined amount of a particulate material in said medium;
c) said particulate material comprising core particles with a coating;
d) said core particles having an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 µm; and e) said coating comprising a member selected from the group consisting of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon, a polymer, procoagulant molecules, and a combination thereof.
a) a carrier medium;
b) a predetermined amount of a particulate material in said medium;
c) said particulate material comprising core particles with a coating;
d) said core particles having an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 µm; and e) said coating comprising a member selected from the group consisting of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon, a polymer, procoagulant molecules, and a combination thereof.
2. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise a member selected from the group consisting of iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt oxide, nickel, nickel oxide, and an alloy or a combination thereof.
a) said core particles comprise a member selected from the group consisting of iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt oxide, nickel, nickel oxide, and an alloy or a combination thereof.
3. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 1 µm.
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 1 µm.
4. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 300 nm.
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 300 nm.
5. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, and a combination thereof.
a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, and a combination thereof.
6. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise clusters.
a) said core particles comprise clusters.
7. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise the general shape of blood platelets.
a) said core particles comprise the general shape of blood platelets.
8. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, dextran, Tween, sorbitol, mannitol, and a combination thereof.
a) said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, dextran, Tween, sorbitol, mannitol, and a combination thereof.
9. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said coating has a thickness of about 1 nm to 1 µm.
a) said coating has a thickness of about 1 nm to 1 µm.
10. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said coating has a thickness of about 5nm to 50nm.
a) said coating has a thickness of about 5nm to 50nm.
11. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said procoagulant molecules are selected from the group consisting of thrombin and Factor VII a.
a) said procoagulant molecules are selected from the group consisting of thrombin and Factor VII a.
12. The composition of Claim 1, further comprising:
a) a surfactant or dispersant.
a) a surfactant or dispersant.
13. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) the concentration of said particulate material is about 0.1% to 70% (w/w) of the composition.
a) the concentration of said particulate material is about 0.1% to 70% (w/w) of the composition.
14. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said particulate material is non-toxic to bio-cells or biomolecules.
a) said particulate material is non-toxic to bio-cells or biomolecules.
15. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, saline solution, sugar solution, Lactose Ringers, and blood plasma.
a) said carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, saline solution, sugar solution, Lactose Ringers, and blood plasma.
16. The composition of Claim 1, wherein:
a) said core particles have a narrow distribution of sizes.
a) said core particles have a narrow distribution of sizes.
17. A magnetic hemostatic fluid for controlling external or internal bleeding in a subject, comprising:
a) a carrier fluid;
b) a predetermined amount of a magnetic particulate material in said fluid;
c) said particulate material comprising core particles with a coating having a thickness of about 1 nm to 10 µm;
d) said core particles having an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 µm;
a) a carrier fluid;
b) a predetermined amount of a magnetic particulate material in said fluid;
c) said particulate material comprising core particles with a coating having a thickness of about 1 nm to 10 µm;
d) said core particles having an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 µm;
18 e) said core particles comprising a member selected from the group consisting of iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt oxide, nickel, nickel oxide, and an alloy or a combination thereof;
and f) said coating comprising a member selected from the group consisting of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon, a polymer, and a combination thereof.
18. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 1 µm.
and f) said coating comprising a member selected from the group consisting of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon, a polymer, and a combination thereof.
18. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 1 µm.
19. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 300 nm.
a) said core particles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to 300 nm.
20. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, and a combination thereof.
a) said core particles comprise a general shape selected from the group consisting of a sphere, a needle, a cube, an oval, irregular, a cylinder, a diamond, and a combination thereof.
21. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise clusters.
a) said core particles comprise clusters.
22. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles comprise the general shape of blood platelets.
a) said core particles comprise the general shape of blood platelets.
23. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, dextran, Tween, sorbitol, mannitol, and a combination thereof.
a) said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, dextran, Tween, sorbitol, mannitol, and a combination thereof.
24. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said coating has a thickness of about 5nm to 50nm.
a) said coating has a thickness of about 5nm to 50nm.
25. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said procoagulant molecules are selected from the group consisting of thrombin and Factor VII a.
a) said procoagulant molecules are selected from the group consisting of thrombin and Factor VII a.
26. The composition of Claim 17, further comprising:
a) a surfactant or dispersant.
a) a surfactant or dispersant.
27. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
b) the concentration of said particulate material is about 0.1% to 70% (w/w) of the composition.
b) the concentration of said particulate material is about 0.1% to 70% (w/w) of the composition.
28. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said particulate material is non-toxic to bio-cells or biomolecules.
a) said particulate material is non-toxic to bio-cells or biomolecules.
29. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
b) said carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, saline solution, sugar solution, Lactose Ringers, and blood plasma.
b) said carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, saline solution, sugar solution, Lactose Ringers, and blood plasma.
30. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) said core particles have a narrow distribution of sizes.
a) said core particles have a narrow distribution of sizes.
31. The composition of Claim 17, wherein:
a) the magnetic particles comprise paramagnetic or superparamagnetic particles.
a) the magnetic particles comprise paramagnetic or superparamagnetic particles.
32. A method of controlling bleeding in a subject in need thereof, comprising the steps of:
a) administering to a subject having internal or external bleeding a predetermined amount of a hemostatic fluid;
b) the hemostatic fluid, comprising:
i) a carrier medium;
ii) a predetermined amount of a particulate material in the medium;
iii) the particulate material comprising core particles with a coating;
iv) the core particles having an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 µm; and v) the coating comprising a member selected from the group consisting of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon,' a polymer, procoagulant molecules, and a combination thereof;
c) applying a magnetic field adjacent the site of a lesion causing the bleeding so as to form a cluster of the particulate material for thereby preventing the flow of blood through the lesion.
a) administering to a subject having internal or external bleeding a predetermined amount of a hemostatic fluid;
b) the hemostatic fluid, comprising:
i) a carrier medium;
ii) a predetermined amount of a particulate material in the medium;
iii) the particulate material comprising core particles with a coating;
iv) the core particles having an average particle size of about 5 nm to 10 µm; and v) the coating comprising a member selected from the group consisting of gold, silica, silver, platinum, steel, cobalt, carbon,' a polymer, procoagulant molecules, and a combination thereof;
c) applying a magnetic field adjacent the site of a lesion causing the bleeding so as to form a cluster of the particulate material for thereby preventing the flow of blood through the lesion.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/157,921 | 2002-05-31 | ||
US10/157,921 US7670623B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Hemostatic composition |
PCT/US2003/014545 WO2003101429A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-28 | A hemostatic composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2455510A1 true CA2455510A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
CA2455510C CA2455510C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
Family
ID=29582568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2455510A Expired - Fee Related CA2455510C (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-28 | A hemostatic composition |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7670623B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1509206B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE429937T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003237809A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2455510C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60327431D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003101429A1 (en) |
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US8883194B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2014-11-11 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Adsorbent-containing hemostatic devices |
US8795718B2 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2014-08-05 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Functional nano-layered hemostatic material/device |
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-
2002
- 2002-05-31 US US10/157,921 patent/US7670623B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-05-28 EP EP03736570A patent/EP1509206B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-28 DE DE60327431T patent/DE60327431D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-28 CA CA2455510A patent/CA2455510C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-28 WO PCT/US2003/014545 patent/WO2003101429A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-28 AT AT03736570T patent/ATE429937T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-28 AU AU2003237809A patent/AU2003237809A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA2455510C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
DE60327431D1 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1509206A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
US7670623B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
US20030224056A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
WO2003101429A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
AU2003237809A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
EP1509206B1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
ATE429937T1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
EP1509206A4 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
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