CA2459923C - Structure including a film material - Google Patents

Abstract

A structure includes a film having a pair of opposed surfaces wherein the film is liquid impermeable and electrically charged and an arrangement carried by the film and having first and second compartments separated from one another by a rupturable wall. First and second compositions are disposed in the first and second compartments whereby the rupturable wall may be ruptured to permit mixing of the first and second compositions.

Description

STRUCTURE INCLUDING
A FILM MATERIAL
Technical Field The present invention relates generally to films, and more particularly to a film material.

Background Art A web or sheet of material is often used to protect a surface and/or one or more items that may be disposed on the web or sheet. For example, paper has been used for many years to line shelves, drawers and other surfaces of articles.
The paper may be plain (i.e., uncoated), coated and/or adhesive-backed. Paper or other material has also been used as placemats or as a table covering.
Another example of the use of a web or sheet is as a protective covering on other, larger structures, such as a dropcloth on a floor or a liner in a trunk of a car or on a bed of a truck. These products typically must be sufficiently durable to withstand foot traffic and/or other forms of abuse, although less durable materials (e. g., paper) may be used as temporary protective coverings.
Mix U. S. Patent No. 1,151,895 discloses a sanitary kneading board wherein a quantity of parchment paper is unwound from a roll and placed atop the board to completely cover the surface thereof. Similar arrangements are disclosed in Johnson U. S. Patent No. 1,952,375 and Hoel U. S. Patent No.

2,369,898, although the wax paper is used instead of parchment paper in the latter.
Pollock U. S. Patent No. 5,193,793 discloses a mixing board wherein a plurality of stacked plastic sheets are disposed on a top surface thereof.
Each of the plastic sheets has a backing of pressure sensitive adhesive binding the sheets together. A user may mix a compound on a top sheet and may thereafter peel off the top sheet and dispose of same so that a clean surface is provided for subsequent use.

A number of arrangements have been developed wherein an electrostatically charged sheet is used to secure an article to a surface. For example, Henley U. S. Patent No. 5,970,638 discloses a transparent electrostatic vinyl sheet and a cover film wherein an object, such as a dried and pressed flower, is tightly sealed between the vinyl sheet and the cover film to create a sealed ornament. The sealed ornament may be applied to a non-porous surface and the electrostatic film maintains the ornament in position thereon. Other arrangements utilizing electrostatic sheets to mount objects are disclosed in Arbisi U. S. Patent No. 5,826,851, Baryla U. S. Patent No. 4,741,119, Saetre U. S.
Patent No. 5,102,171 and Rubino U. S. Patent No. 4,992,121.
Peck U. S. Patent No. 5,899,010 discloses a reusable banner system including a sheet of plastic material and a plurality of flexible static cling vinyl indicia that may be placed on the sheet of plastic material to form a message.
The indicia are maintained in position on the sheet of plastic material by the electrostatic charge carried by the indicia. In an alternate embodiment, the sheet of plastic material carries an electrostatic charge and the indicia are made of non-porous plastic.
Stonehouse U. S. Patent No. 5,010,671 discloses a flip chart comprising at least two sheets disposed in overlying relationship. The sheets are electrically charged and are releasably securable to a surface by static cling. The sheets are adapted for removable marking thereon by a felt pen and are retained on a backing board by staples. Each sheet may be torn from the staples to permit removal of the sheet from the flip chart.
Boyd U. S. Patent No. 5,207,581 discloses a writing apparatus including flexible electret film that is capable of being erasably written upon by a dry erase marker. The apparatus includes a roll of electret film disposed in a receptacle, brackets for mounting the receptacle to a wall or flip chart stand and a cutter for separating the film into sheets.
Cooledge et al. U. S. Patent No. 5,258,214 discloses a thermoplastic film material having a preprinted image thereon and provided with a static electrical charge for securing the film to a surface. The material may be packaged as sheets or in roll form with perforations to permit separation thereof.

Pririted: 18-12-2003 DESCPAMD US0228414 WO-A-01 04548 discloses a flexible two-compartment package having a rupturable seal between the two compartments. The two compartments contain chemicals which when mixed produce heat. The arrangement may b~ carried by a liquid impermeable film.

JP-A- 58 180575 shows a cooling pack divided into two sections containing chemicals, which when mixed have an endothermic reaction causing c~ooling..
Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, a structure is provide as set out in the attached claims.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will becoine apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description whic!h includes an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawines FIG. 1 is a isometric view of a film material with a multi-compartment structure retained thereon;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken generally along the lines 11-11 of FIG 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagramrnatic plan view of apparatus for charging and winding film material onto individual rolls; and FIG. 4 comprises an isometric view of a mulitlayer polymer film usable in the present invention.
j143]-page 3 Printed: 18-12-2003 DESCPAMD US0228414 Description of the Preferred Embodiments A film material 10 usable in the present invention may comprise a polymer or other material that is readily capable of accepting and retaining an electric charge. Preferably, the material is inexpensive so that it may be zsed ibce and recycled or discarded. Still further, the film material has adequate resilience to resist cracking when flexed. Still further in accordance with the preferred embodiment, the material comprises a plastic film that is liquid impermeable and preferably approved by the FDA for contact with food.

The thickness of the film material 10 is in a range encompassing up to approximately 203pm (8 mils), with a range of approximately 12.7pm (0.5 ) to approximat ely 127pm (5 mils) being preferred, the range of approximately 25.4pm (1) to approximately 102pm (4 mils) being more preferred and the range of approximately 38.1}lrn (1.5) to approximately 76.2pm (3 mils) being most preferred. Further, the film material is preferably charged by application of a positive or negative electric field of at least approximately 15,000 volts thereto at j1431-page4 an approximate distance of between 12-7 mm (1 / 2 inch) and 25.4 mm (1 inch), with at least approximately 20,000 applied volts being more preferred and at least approximately 30,000 applied volts being most preferred substantially at a distance of 19 mm (3/4 inch). If desired, the material may be exposed to a 5 positive electric field on one side thereof and a negative electric field on the other side thereof wherein the magnitudes of the applied fields are as noted above.
In alternate embodiments, the film material is exposed to the same polarity fields on opposite sites thereof (i.e., a first side of the material is exposed to a first positive field and a second side of the material is exposed to a second positive field or first and second sides of the material are exposed to first and second negative fields, respectively.). In addition, the material 10 preferably retains a charge sufficient to develop an electric field at a voltage substantially equal to at least approximately 1500 volts at a specified time after charging of the material, such as three months or more. More preferably, the material retains sufficient charge to develop an electric field at a voltage of at least approximately volts, and most preferably at least approximately 3500 volts, at least for the period of time between the initial application of charge to the film material and the longest anticipated time to use by the consumer.
The film material preferably comprises a monolayer or multilayer structure of any suitable polymer material(s) formed into a film, such as an olefin (e.g., polypropylene or polyethylene), nylon, PET, Teflon, or any other family of chemicals capable of being formed into a film and / or may comprise non-oriented, oriented or biaxially oriented materials. The film alternatively may comprise combinations of such materials in different layers that are coextruded or laminated or otherwise joined together. The material may be extruded into a web and wound onto one or more large master rolls. The film material is thereafter unwound from the master roll(s), passed through any commercially available electrostatic charging machine.
FIG. 3 illustrates the foregoing procedure in greater detail wherein film material 10 stored on a large master roll 21 is unwound therefrom by a driven bed roller 23 and passed over a further roller 25 disposed adjacent a charging machine 26. Preferably, the charging machine 26 comprises a Tetra charging bar sold by Simco of Hatfield, PA, which preferably delivers a positive charge to the film material 10. Also preferably, the film material travels past the charging machine 26 at a line speed of approximately 4.06 ms-1(800 feet per minute), although higher or lower travel speeds could alternatively be used. The charged film material 10 then passes over further rollers 27a, 27b and 27c and is wound onto individual rolls carried by a rotatable turret 28. Preferably, the rollers 25, 27a and 27c are grounded to a machine frame by brushes or other devices and the rollers 27a-27c are insulated by a Teflon coating. In addition, the roller 25 is preferably coated by an electrically non-conductive industrial hard coating.
The foregoing manufacturing technique results in less handling by manufacturing personnel, as compared to a technique wherein the extruded film is wound onto a large master roll, and the master roll is thereafter electrostatically charged in bulk and the charged film is unwound from the master roll and wound onto individual rolls or formed into individual sheets.
This reduction in handling results in better charge retention and improved film quality. Also, the foregoing technique results in production of amounts of ozone that are within acceptable limits.
If desired, the film material 10 may be charged while in the semi-molten state, thereby forming an electret having internal charges in the film structure.
Specifically, this process comprehends the steps of forming a molten thermoplastic material into a web, electrically charging the web while the web is at a temperature substantially at or above a solidification temperature thereof, cooling the web below the solidification temperature thereof after charging and winding the web into individual rolls immediately following the cooling step.
The web may be of single layer or multi-layer construction, wherein the latter may be accomplished by coextrusion techniques. Preferably, the method comprehends the use of a charging machine similar or identical to the charging machine 26 described above which is located downstream of an extrusion die that extrudes the thermoplastic web. After charging, the semi-molten material is allowed to cool, either by exposure to ambient conditions or by active chilling by a chiller roll. One or both outer surfaces of the web may be corona-treated to permit marking by a marking device. Thereafter, the cooled web is preferably immediately rolled onto individual user rolls and packaged.

During charging, the material 10 is exposed to a positive or negative electric field preferably when the film temperature is just greater than the glass transition temperature TGfor the material 10. Also preferably, the semi-molten material is exposed to at least approximately 15,000-17,000 volts at an approximate distance of between 12-7 mm (1/2 inch) and 25.4 mm (1 inch), with at least approximately 20,000 applied volts being more preferred and at least approximately 30,000 applied volts being most preferred substantially at a distance of 19 mm (3/4 inch). If desired, the material 10 may be exposed to a positive electric field on one side thereof and a negative electric field on the other side thereof wherein the magnitudes of the applied fields are as noted above.
In alternate embodiments, the film material 10 is exposed to the same polarity fields on opposite sides thereof, i.e., a first side of the material 10 is exposed to a first positive field and a second side of the material 10 is exposed to a second positive field or first and second sides of the material 10 are exposed to first and second negative fields, respectively.
This technique, as opposed to the electrostatic charging described above that creates surface charges in the material 10, results in a more stable retention of electric charge over time and with exposure to ambient conditions. Also if desired, the film may initially be charged when partially molten and thereafter may be passed through a charging machine after solidification of the material just before winding into individual rolls as noted above to obtain a product with a combination of internal and surface charges.
Regardless of whether the film is charged only when partially molten or charged before and after solidification, the resulting film preferably has at least the electrical charge retention characteristics specified above. That is, the resulting film material 10 preferably retains a charge sufficient to develop an electric field at a voltage substantially equal to at least approximately 1500 volts at a specified time after charging of the material, such as three months or more.
More preferably, the material 10 retains sufficient charge to develop an electric field at a voltage of at least approximately 2500 volts, and most preferably at least approximately 3500 volts, at least for the period of time between the initial application of charge to the film material 10 and the longest anticipated time to use by the consumer.

The film material 10 may be colorless or pigmented and may be transparent, translucent or opaque, as desired. Referring to FIG. 4, according to one embodiment, the material 10 may comprise a multilayer coextruded or laminated structure comprising a cavitated center layer 30 of a polypropylene sold under the trademark OPPALYTE by Exxon Mobil Corp., first and second intermediate layers 32, 34 of polypropylene modified by the addition of titanium dioxide thereto to obtain a white pigmentation and top and bottom outer layers 36, 38. In this embodiment, the top outer layer 36 is preferably polypropylene that has been corona-treated to allow marking with either a permanent marking device or to allow removable marking with a'dry-erase marker. Further, the bottom outer layer 38 is preferably polypropylene modified by the addition of any known material that facilitates cold sealing of the film material 10. If desired the bottom outer layer 38 could be corona-treated to allow permanent or removable marking thereon as noted above. In addition, the resulting film may be laminated to another structure, such as a substrate.
Still further, the material 10 may be printed on one or more surface thereof. Also, the film materia110 may be perforated at one or more locations (FIG. 4) to permit tearing into sheets without the need for a cutter bar.
According to a further embodiment, the film material 10 is identical to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 except that the outer layers 36 and 38 are omitted. In addition, the three layers are coextruded or laminated and each layer comprises 187, 155LLG102 BOPP manufactured by Exxon Mobil Corp., wherein the layers are not modified by pigment and are not cavitated to obtain a clear product.

IndUstrial Aapiicabilitv As further altematives, the film material 10 may include one or more openings or apertures therethrough and/or the materiai 10 may include pigmented and non-pigmented areas and/or electrically-charged and non-charged areas, as desired. Thus, for example, a rectangular piece of film material 10 may include an oUter portion comprising a frame which Is electrostatically charged and which corona treated to accept removable or permanent marking thereon and a centr~al portion which is clear or which has an opening therethrough. The material of the centrai portion (if any) may be electrostatically charged or uncharged. The resulting product is particularly suited to hold a photograph, drawing, painting, greeting card, or other object to a windowpane or other substrate (vertical or nQn-vertical) such that the photograph, drawing, etc... Is visible through or at the central portion. In the case of applications where the film material 10 Is to hol an object to a vertical surface and where either portions of or the entire sheet ~
(including any central portion) is electricaily charged, the film material 10 preferably (although not necessarily) canies an electric charge sufficient to ena le the material to hold a weight of a separate object at least equal to the weight of the film material 10. In altemate embodiments, the charge is sufficient to allow,11;the material to hold a weight of a separate object greater than the weight of the film material, for example, a weight at least equal to three times the weight of the film=
materiai.
According to still further alternative, a sheet of the film material 10 may include outer margins that retain eiectric charge, such as an electrostatic charge.
The sheet may be folded on itself such that portions of the outer margins are placed into contact with one another, thereby forming a pocket that may enclose an object. If desired, the entire sheet may carry an electric charge or portions of the sheet other than the margins may carry an electric charge. One or more surfaces may optionally be treated as noted above to permit permanent or removable marking of such surface(s) by a marking device, such as a dry erase marker. As in the previous embodiments, the film material prevents the transmission of bacteria and fluids between the surfaces of the material.
Yet another embodiment of the present application comprehends an WO 03/022709 PCT/{JS02/28414 electrically charged sheet of film material as described above in connection with any of the previous embodiments, wherein the film material 10 is treated and/or modified In some fashion to apply a desired substance having a desired property thereto. For example, a quantity of electrostatically charged film having a surface 5 that may be treated so as to be capable of being marked by a dry erase marker may further have one or more portions coated with a volatile substance, such as an insecticide, a bactericide, an antimicrobial agent and/or a fragrance. The film may be liquid impermeable and may be trimmed to a desired size and placed in contact with a surface (such as a top surface, undersurface or side surface of a 10 shelf, table,.drawer, etc...) such that the film is attracted to and retained on the surface. The substance thereafter volatilizes to release same into the ambient surroundings. Optionally, an item may be processed on the film, provided that the item is not adversely affected by the volatile substance.
If desired, the substance may be a substantially non-volatile liquid, such as an oil, or a solid material or article, such as a printed sheet of paper, fabric, plastic, etc... in this case, the substance may be irremovably secured to the film material 10, or the substance may be removable therefrom. In the iatter case, the film material 10 may serve as a transfer carrier that carries the substance until the film material 10 is applied to a surface, whereupon the substance is transferred to the surface and is retained thereon by any suitable mechanism. Such mechanism may include electrostatic attraction resulting from electric charge transferred to the substance by the film material 10. An altemative mechanism may comprise adhesion resulfing from makin.g one or more surfaces of the substance sticky.
In any event, the film material 10 may be peeled from the surface, leaving at least some quantity of the substance on the surface.
Alternatively, a volatile rnaterial or other substance or article may be retained in or by a structure carried by or secured to the film. For example, as seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, a layer 60 of a first film may be disposed atop and secured to a layer 62 of a second film that carries an electric charge as noted above to create a pocket 64. The layers 60 and 62 may be made of any of the materials described above or any other material and the layer 60 may be secured to the layer 62 in any known manner, such as by heat sealing, adhesive bonding, coextrusion, or the like. A pad 66 impregnated with a desired substance, such as a fragrance, insecticide or any other substance as described herein, may be disposed in the pocket 64. The pad 66 may comprise a gel disposed In an envelope formed by two layers of vapor permeable material that are secured to one another by any suitable means. One or both of the layers 60, 62 may be 1 vapor permeable and/or one or more openings or apertures 68 may be provide in the first and/or second films to permit vapor communication between the ambie t surroundings and the pocket 64. The holes 68 may initiaiiy be covered by one or more removable adhesive strips 70 (shown only In FIG. 7) or other members. The resulting product may be placed on any desired object at a desired position (including a top surface, side suri'ace or an undersurface of the object) and is retained thereon by the electric charge carried by the film. The adhesive strip( ) 70 may then be removed to expose the substance to the ambient surrounding .
The substance, if volatile, wiii thereafter evaporate and spread in vapor form tol he i surroundings. If desired, the pad 66 may be replaced by a different carrier, su as a fibrous pad, or other material containing or impregnated with a desired substance.
A still further altemative is a design whereby a pouch Is formed of a material (whether one of the materials described above or any other material), either by folding the material upon itself or by securing two or more pieces of the same or dissimilar materials together to form one more pockets, and securing the pouch by any suitable means (e.g., heat seaiing, adhesive, coextrusion, co-lamination or the like) to a section of a film that carries electric charge as described above. One or more objects may be disposed In the pocket(s), Including a pad Impregnated with a substance as descn'bed above. The material of the pouch may be vapor permeabie an/or may Include one or more openings extending therethrough. One or more holes covered by removable members may be provided as in the preceding embodiment. The resulting. product may be placed and used as described in the preceding embodiment to expose the impregnated substance to ambient surroundings.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the desired substance may be a repellant and/or toxic to one or more undesirable organisms, creatures, etc...

Figures 1 and 2 show a structure including two or more compartments or pockets secured to the electrically charged film material 10. For example, a multi-compartment arrangement 80 includes at least first and second compartments or pockets 82, 84 separated by a rupturable intermediate wall 86.
The compartments 82, 84 are captured between a base layer comprising a section of the film material 10 and a cover layer 88 that is secured by any suitable means to the base layer. In the case of a structure having more than two compartments, each compartment is separated from adjacent compartment(s) by one or more rupturable walls. A chemical composition is disposed in each compartment and the rupturable walls may be selectively ruptured by physical manipulation to mix the chemicals and thereby initiate a desired chemical reaction. The structure may be retained on any surface by the charge carried by the film material 10.
Thus, for example, a cold pack may be provided by a mutli-compartment structure wherein the components of the cold pack are separated before use by rupturable walls. A user may rupture the walls when the cold pack is to be used such that the chemicals are mixed and the chilling process is initiated, whereupon the cold pack may be applied to an affected area of a person's body.
The cold pack is advantageously retained at the affected area by the charge carried by the film material 10. Other similar arrangements can be envisioned whereby chemicals are selectively mixed to produce heat, light, smoke or other byproduct, and the structure is retained on a surface by the electric charge carried by the film material 10.
Any of the features of one of the embodiments disclosed above can be combined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments disclosed above. Thus, for example, an electrically charged sheet of polymer material as described above having the above-noted charge retention and holding characteristics may be coated or impregnated with a volatile substance, such as an insecticide or fragrance, and, if desired, one or both surfaces of the sheet may be treated to permit permanent or removable marking of such surface(s) by a marking device, such as a dry erase marker. The material may be supplied in sheet or roll form, and in the latter case, the material may be torn or cut into a desired size by a cutter bar or other implement as described above.

The material may alternatively be perforated to allow ready separation into individual sheets, also as noted above.
Numerous modifications to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is presented for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to make and use the invention and to teach the best mode of carrying out same. The exclusive rights to all modifications which come within the scope of the appended claims are reserved.

Claims (11)

Claims

1. A structure, comprising:
a film (10) having a pair of opposed surfaces wherein the film (10) is liquid impermeable;
an arrangement (80) carried by the film and having first and second compartments (82, 84) separated from one another by a rupturable wall (86); and first and second compositions disposed in the first and second compartments (82, 84) whereby the rupturable wall (86) may be ruptured to permit mixing of the first and second compositions;
characterized in that the film (10) is electrically charged sufficient to develop an electric field at a voltage of at least 1500 volts 3 months after charging.

2. The structure of claim 1, further including a cover layer (88) secured to the film such that the arrangement (80) is captured between the cover layer (88) and the film (10).

3. The structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein the film is made of a polymer.

4. The structure of claim 3, wherein the polymer is polypropylene.

5. The structure of claim 3, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of olefins, nylon, PET and Teflon.

6. The structure of claim 1 or 2, in combination with a support surface upon which the structure is disposed.

7. The structure of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second compositions, when mixed, create a byproduct.

8. The structure of claim 7, wherein the byproduct is a chilling process.

9. The structure of claim 7, wherein the byproduct is heat.

10. The structure of claim 7, wherein the byproduct is light.

11. The structure of claim 7, wherein the byproduct is smoke.