CA2473343A1 - Multichannel downmixing device - Google Patents

Multichannel downmixing device Download PDF

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CA2473343A1
CA2473343A1 CA 2473343 CA2473343A CA2473343A1 CA 2473343 A1 CA2473343 A1 CA 2473343A1 CA 2473343 CA2473343 CA 2473343 CA 2473343 A CA2473343 A CA 2473343A CA 2473343 A1 CA2473343 A1 CA 2473343A1
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CA2473343C (en
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David H. Griesinger
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Harman International Industries Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/02—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation 

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract

A method and system (100) are provided for generating one or more mix coefficients (ml, mr) for downmixing a multichannel input signal having a plurality of input channels (LI, CI, RI), to an output signal having a plurality of output channels (LO, RO). Mix coefficients may be generated responsive to a comparison of energy between the downmixed (output) signal and the input signal to the downmixer (100), such that energy and intended direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal. Further, the mix coefficient generation may preserve an intended direction of an input signal, for example, received at a surround input channel, in at least one output channel of the output signal. The mix coefficient values (ml', mr') may be generated in a test downmixter (104) environment. Additionally , one or more mix coefficients may be generated by retrieving predetermined mix coefficient values.

Claims (91)

1. A method of generating mix coefficients for downmixing a multi-channel input signal having a plurality of input channels, to an output signal having a plurality of output channels, comprising:
determining an input energy at a plurality of input channels of the input signal; and generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy where the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
2. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
determining an output energy for at least one of the output channels;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the determining the input energy and the determining output energy where the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
3. The method of Claim 2, further comprising:
generating a feedback constant responsive to the input and output energy;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the feedback constant.
4. The method of Claim 3, where the generating the feedback constant includes generating the feedback constant responsive to a ratio of the output energy to the input energy.
5. The method of Claim 3, where the generating the feedback constant includes averaging the feedback constant.
6. ~The method of Claim 3, where:
determining the input energy includes averaging the input energy over a first time period, and determining the output energy includes averaging the output energy over the first time period; and generating the feedback constant includes averaging the feedback constant over a second time period.
7. ~The method of Claim 6, where the second time period includes a plurality of iterations of the first time period.
8. ~The method of Claim 2, further comprising:
determining at least one of a left input channel, center input channel, and right input channel of the input signal; and determining a left output channel and a right output channel of the output signal, the left output channel energy determined responsive to at least one of the left and center input channel, and the right output channel energy determined responsive to at least one of the right and center input channel;
where determining the input energy includes determining the input energy responsive to at least one of the left, center and right input channels, and determining the output energy includes determining an output energy responsive to at least one of for at least one of the left output channel and a right output channel.
9. ~The method of Claim 8, further comprising:
generating at least one feedback constant responsive to at least one of the input and output energy;
where generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the at least one feedback constant.
10. ~The method of Claim 9, where:

determining the input energy includes determining at least one of a left channel total input energy responsive to at least one of the left and center input channels, and a right channel total input energy responsive to at least one of the right and center input channels;
determining the output energy includes determining at least one of a left output channel energy responsive to at least one of the left and center input channels, and a right output channel energy responsive to at least one of the right and center input channels; and generating at least one feedback constant includes generating a left channel feedback constant responsive to at least one of the left channel total input energy and the left channel output energy, and generating a right channel feedback constant responsive to at least one of the right channel total input energy and the right channel output energy;
where generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to at least one of the left and right channel feedback constants.
11. ~The method of Claim 10, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes:
generating a left channel mix coefficient responsive to at least one of the left channel feedback constant and the right channel feedback constant; and generating a right channel mix coefficient responsive to at least one of the left channel feedback constant and the right channel feedback constant.
12. ~The method of Claim 10, where:
generating a left channel feedback constant includes generating the left channel feedback constant responsive to a ratio of the left channel output energy to the left channel total input energy; and generating a right channel feedback constant includes generating the right channel feedback constant responsive to a ratio of the right channel output energy and the right channel total input energy.
13. ~The method of Claim 10, where:
determining the left and right channel total input energy and determining the left and right channel output energy includes averaging the left and right channel total input energy and the left and right channel output energy over a first time period; and generating the at least one feedback constant includes averaging the at least one feedback constant over a second time period.
14. ~The method of Claim 13, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes averaging at least one mix coefficient over the second time period.
15. ~The method of Claim 13, where the second time period includes a plurality of iterations of the first time period.
16. ~The method of Claim 10, where:
determining the input energy includes determining a low frequency input channel of the input signal; and determining the left and right channel total input energy includes determining at least one of the left and right channel total input energy responsive to the low frequency input channel.
17. ~The method of Claim 10, where the input energy is a front channel input energy, the output energy is a front channel output energy, and the at least one generated mix coefficient is at least one front channel mix coefficient, and further comprising:
determining at least one of a left surround input channel and a right surround input channel;
determining at least one of a left surround output channel and a right surround output channel, the left surround output channel determined responsive to at least one of the left surround input channel and the right surround input channel, and the right surround output channel determined responsive to at least one of the left surround input channel and the right surround input channel;
where determining the input energy includes determining a surround input channel energy responsive to at least one of the left and right surround input channels, determining the output energy includes determining a surround output channel energy responsive to at least one of the left surround output channel and a right surround output channel, and determining at least one mix coefficient includes determining at least one surround mix coefficient, such that the apparent direction of the input signal is substantially preserved in the output signal, the front channel input energy is substantially equal to the front output energy, and the surround input energy is substantially equal to the surround output energy.
18. ~The method of Claim 17, further comprising:
phase shifting at least one of the left and right surround output channels by 90 degrees to generate a respective left surround phase-shifted output channel and right surround phase shifted output channel.
19. ~The method of Claim 18, further comprising:
mixing at least one of the phase-shifted left surround output channel with the left output channel, and the phase-shifted right surround channel with the right output channel; and forming at least one of a left output channel of the output signal responsive to mixing phase-shifted left surround output channel with the left output channel, and a right output channel of the output signal responsive to the mixing of the phase-shifted right surround channel with the right output channel.
20. ~The method of Claim 8, where the determining the left, center and right input channels includes filtering the left, center and right input channels, and further including:
determining limited-bandwidth left input channel energy responsive to at least one of the limited-bandwidth left and center input channels;
determining limited-bandwidth right input channel energy responsive at least one of the limited-bandwidth right and center channels;
determining limited-bandwidth left output channel energy responsive to at least one of the limited-bandwidth left and center input channels;
determining limited-bandwidth right output channel energy responsive to at least one of the limited-bandwidth right and center input channels;

where generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to at least one of the limited-bandwidth left input, right input, left output and right output channel energy.
21. ~The method of Claim 20, where the filtering the left, center and right input channels includes band-pass filtering the left, center and right input channels.
22. ~The method of Claim 21, where the band-pass filtering includes band-pass filtering in the 700 - 4000 Hz frequency band.
23. ~The method of Claim 2, further comprising:
determining at least one of a left surround input channel of the input signal, and a right surround input channel of the input signal; and determining at least one of a left surround output channel and a right surround output channel of the output signal, the left surround output channel determined responsive to at least one of the left and right surround input channels, the right surround output channel determined responsive to at least one of the left and right surround input channels;
where determining an input energy includes determining the input energy responsive to at least one of the left and right surround input channels, and determining an output energy includes determining the output energy responsive to at least one of the left and right surround output channels.
24. ~The method of claim 23, further comprising:
generating a feedback constant responsive to at least one of the input and output surround channel energy;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the feedback constant.
25. ~The method of Claim 24, further comprising:

determining a left surround output channel real portion and a left surround output channel imaginary portion of the left surround output channel; and determining a right surround output channel real portion and a right surround output channel imaginary portion of the right surround output channel;
where determining the output energy includes determining the output energy responsive to at least one of the left surround real portion, left surround imaginary portion, right surround real portion, and right surround imaginary portion of the output signal, and generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one of a surround-imaginary mix coefficient and a surround-real mix coefficient responsive to the feedback constant.
26. ~The method of Claim 25, where generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround-real mix coefficients includes generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround-real mix coefficients responsive to a value of the other of the surround-imaginary and surround-real mix coefficients.
27. ~The method of Claim 26, where the generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround real mix coefficients includes:
setting a value of the surround-real mix coefficient to zero when a value of the surround-imaginary mix coefficient is less than one.
28. ~The method of Claim 26, where the generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround real mix coefficients includes:
setting a value of the surround-imaginary mix coefficient to one when a value of the surround-real mix coefficient is greater than zero.
29. ~The method of Claim 25, further comprising:
determining at least one of a front left input channel, a front center input channel and a front right input channel;
determining a front input channel energy responsive to at least one of the front left, center and right input channels; and determining a surround channel input energy responsive to at least one of the left surround and right surround input channels;
where the generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround-real mix coefficients includes generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround-real mix coefficients responsive to a front/surround energy ratio determined responsive to a ratio of the front input channel energy and the surround input channel energy.
30. ~The method of Claim 28, where generating at least one of the surround-imaginary and surround-real mix coefficients responsive to the front/surround energy ratio includes reducing at least one of a value of the surround-real mix coefficient and a value of the surround-imaginary mix coefficient when the front/surround ratio is greater than one.
31. ~The method of Claim 25, further comprising:
detecting a beginning of a sound event;
where the determining at least one of the surround-imaginary mix coefficient and surround-real mix coefficient includes determining at least one of the surround-imaginary mix coefficient and surround-real mix coefficient responsive to the detection.
32. ~The method of Claim 24, where the generating at least one feedback constant includes generating at least one feedback constant responsive to a ratio of the output channel energy to the input channel energy.
33. ~The method of Claim 32, further comprising:
filtering at least one of the input energy and the output energy;
where generating the feedback constant includes generating the feedback constant responsive to at least one of the filtered input and output energy.
34. ~The method of Claim 33, where:
determining the input channel energy and determining the output energy includes averaging the input energy and output energy over a first time period; and generating the at least one feedback constant includes averaging the at least one feedback constant over a second time period.
35. The method of Claim 34, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes averaging at least one mix coefficient over the second time period.
36. The method of Claim 34, where the second time period includes a plurality of iterations of the first time period.
37. The method of Claim l, where generating at least one mix coefficient comprises retrieving at least one mix coefficient from a storage device responsive to the input energy.
38. The method of Claim 37, where:
determining at least one of a front left, front center and front right input channels of the input signal; and retrieving at least one mix coefficient includes retrieving at least one mix coefficient responsive to a panning angle between at least one of a front left and front center input channel, and a front right and front center input channel.
39. The method of Claim 38, further comprising:
determining at least one of a front left channel input energy, a front center channel input energy and a front right channel input channel energy, the front left input channel energy determined responsive to the front left input channel, the front center input channel energy determined responsive to the front center input channel, and the front right input channel energy determined responsive to the front right input channel;
determining a panning angle between a front left and front center input channel includes determining the panning angle responsive to the front left and center input channel energy; and determining a panning angle between a front right and front center input channel includes determining the panning angle responsive to the front right and center input channel energy.
40. The method of Claim 38, where the at least one generated mix coefficient is a front channel mix coefficient, and further comprising generating at least one surround channel coefficient responsive to the panning angle.
41. The method of Claim 1, further comprising generating the output signal responsive to at least one generated mix coefficient.
42. The method of Claim 1, further comprising downmixing the plurality of input channels of the input signal to the number of channels of the output signal responsive to the at least one generated mix coefficient.
43. The method of Claim 42, where the generating the at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient in a test downmixer environment, and the downmixing the plurality of input signals includes downmixing the plurality of input channels of the input signal to the number of output channels of the output signal in a non-test downmixer environment.
44. The method of Claim 1, where the number of input channels of the input signal is one of 3, 5, 5.1 and 7.
45. The method of Claim 44, where the number of output channels of the output signal is
46. The method of Claim 1, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one of a left front channel mix coefficient, a right front channel mix coefficient, a left surround channel mix coefficient, and a right surround channel mix coefficient.
47. The method of Claim 1, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient by adjusting a mix coefficient determined in accordance with the Sine/Cosine pan law.
48, The method of Claim 1, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes providing at least one of an upper value limit and a lower value limit for at least one of the generated mix coefficients.
49. The method of Claim 1, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient in accordance with feedback techniques.
50. The method of Claim 1, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient in accordance with feedforward techniques.
51. The method of Claim 1, where the plurality of input channels is equal in number to the plurality of output channels.
52. The method of Claim 1, where the plurality of input channels is greater in number than the plurality of output channels,
53. A downmixer for downmixing a multichannel input signal including a plurality of input channels to an output signal including a plurality output channels, comprising:
an input signal source for receiving at least one of the input channels of the input signal;
a controller coupled with the input signal source, capable of determining an input energy at a plurality of input channels of the input signal, and generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy where the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
54. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the controller is further capable of:
determining an output energy for at least one of the output channels;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy and the output energy, such that the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
55. The downmixer of Claim 54, where the controller is further capable of generating at least one feedback constant responsive to at least one of the input and output channel energy, where the controller is capable of generating at least one of the mix coefficients responsive to the at least one feedback constant.
56. The downmixer of Claim 55, where the controller being capable of determining the input and output energy includes the controller being capable of determining the input and output energy over a first time period.
57. The downmixer of Claim 56 where the controller being capable of determining the at least one feedback constant includes the controller being capable of averaging the at least one feedback constant over a second time period.
58. The downmixer of Claim 57, where the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes the controller being capable of averaging at least one of the generated mix coefficients over the second time period.
59. The downmixer of Claim 57, where the second time constant includes multiple iterations of the first time constant.
60. The downmixer of Claim 54, where the controller determining at least one of the input and output energy includes the controller being capable of filtering at least one of the input and the output energy, where the controller being capable of generating the at least one mix coefficients includes generating at least one of the mix coefficients responsive to the at least one filtered input and output energy.
61. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes the controller being capable of generating at least one of a left front channel mix coefficient, a right front channel mix coefficient, a left surround channel mix coefficient, and a right surround channel mix coefficient.
62. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the controller is further capable of downmixing the plurality of input channels of the input signal to the number of channels of the output signal responsive to the at least one generated mix coefficient.
63. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the number of input channels of the input signal is one of 3, 5, 5.1 and 7.
64. The downmixer of Claim 63, where the number of output channels of the output signal is 2.
65. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient by adjusting a mix coefficient determined in accordance with a Sine/Cosine pan law.
66. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes the controller being capable of limiting an upper value of and a lower value of at least one of the generated mix coefficients.
67. The downmixer of Claim 53, further comprising:
a storage device coupled with the controller;
where the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes the controller being capable of retrieving at least one mix coefficient from the storage device responsive to the input channel energy.
68. The downmixer of Claim 67, further comprising:
the controller being capable of determining at least one of a front left, front center and front right input channels of the input signal;

the controller being capable of retrieving the at least one mix coefficient includes retrieving at least one mix coefficient responsive to a panning angle between at least one of a front left and front center input channel, and a front right and front center input channel.
69. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the plurality of input channels is equal in number to the plurality of output channels.
70. The downmixer of Claim 53, where the plurality of input channels is greater in number than the plurality of output channels.
71. A downmixer for generating mix coefficients for downmixing a multichannel input signal having a plurality of input channels, to an output signal having a plurality of output channels, comprising:
means for determining an input energy at a plurality of input channels of the input signal; and means for generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy where the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
72. The downmixer of Claim 71, further comprising:
means for determining an output energy for at least one of the output channels;
where the means for generating at least one mix coefficient generates at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy and the energy, where the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
73. The downmixer of Claim 72, further comprising:
means for generating a feedback constant responsive to the input and output energy;
where the means for generating at least one mix coefficient generates at least one mix coefficient responsive to the feedback constant.
74. A storage media for use on a processor of a downmixer, the downmixer for generating mix coefficients for downmixing a multichannel input signal having a plurality of input channels, to an output signal having a plurality of output channels, comprising:
a first memory portion programmed for determining an input energy at a plurality of input channels of the input signal; and a second memory portion programmed for generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy, where the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal, are substantially preserved in the output signal.
75. The storage media of Claim 74, further comprising:
a third memory portion programmed for determining an output energy for at least one of the output channels;
where the second memory portion being programmed for generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy and the energy, such that the input signal energy, and the apparent direction of the input signal are substantially preserved in the output signal.
76. The storage media of Claim 75, further comprising:
a fourth memory portion programmed for generating a feedback constant responsive to the input and output energy;
where the second memory portion being programmed for generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the feedback constant.
77. A method of generating mix coefficients for downmixing a multi-channel input signal having a plurality of input channels, to an output signal having a plurality of output channels, comprising:
determining an input energy at a plurality of input channels of the input signal; and generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy.
78. The method of Claim 77, further including detecting a beginning of a sound event in at least one of the input channels, where generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the first input energy and the detected beginning of the sound event.
79. The method of Claim 78, where the determining an input energy includes:
determining a first input energy for at least one of the input channels; and determining a second input energy for at least another of the input channels;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the first input energy, second input energy, and the detected beginning of the sound event.
80. The method of Claim 79, further comprising:
determining an energy ratio of the first and second input energy;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the energy ratio and the detected beginning of the sound event.
81. The method of Claim 77, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy where the apparent direction of the input signal is substantially preserved at the output signal.
82. The method of Claim 77, where the plurality of input channels is equal in number to the plurality of output channels.
83. The method of Claim 77, where the plurality of input channels is greater in number than the plurality of output channels.
84. The method of Claim 77, where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes increasing a value of at least one mix coefficient.
85. A downmixer for downmixing a multichannel input signal including a plurality of input channels to an output signal including a plurality of output channels, comprising:
an input signal source for receiving at least one of the input channels of the input signal;

a controller coupled with the input signal source, capable of determining an input energy at a plurality of input channels of the input signal, detecting a beginning of a sound event in at least one of the input channels;
and generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy and the detected beginning of the sound event.
86. The downmixer of Claim 85, where the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes the controller being capable of increasing a value of at least one mix coefficient.
87. The downmixer of Claim 85, where the controller being capable of determining an input energy includes the controller being capable of:
determining a first input energy for at least one of the input channels; and determining a second input energy for at least another of the input channels;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the first input energy, second input energy, and the detected beginning of the sound event.
88. The downmixer of Claim 87, further comprising the controller being capable of:
determining an energy ratio of the first and second input energy;
where the generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the energy ratio and the detected beginning of the sound event.
89. The downmixer of Claim 85, where the the controller being capable of generating at least one mix coefficient includes generating at least one mix coefficient responsive to the input energy and the detected beginning of the sound event where the apparent direction of the input signal is substantially preserved at the output signal.
90. The downmixer of Claim 85, where the plurality of input channels is equal in number to the plurality of output channels.
91. The downmixer of Claim 85, where the plurality of input channels is greater in number than the plurality of output channels.
CA 2473343 2002-05-03 2003-05-02 Multichannel downmixing device Expired - Lifetime CA2473343C (en)

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US37766102P 2002-05-03 2002-05-03
US60/377,661 2002-05-03
PCT/US2003/013693 WO2003094369A2 (en) 2002-05-03 2003-05-02 Multi-channel downmixing device

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KR (1) KR100635022B1 (en)
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