CA2479504A1 - Method and system for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems - Google Patents

Method and system for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2479504A1
CA2479504A1 CA002479504A CA2479504A CA2479504A1 CA 2479504 A1 CA2479504 A1 CA 2479504A1 CA 002479504 A CA002479504 A CA 002479504A CA 2479504 A CA2479504 A CA 2479504A CA 2479504 A1 CA2479504 A1 CA 2479504A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
operating system
target host
system fingerprint
storage location
new
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002479504A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2479504C (en
Inventor
Craig H. Rowland
Aaron L. Rhodes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cisco Technology Inc
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Cisco Technology, Inc.
Craig H. Rowland
Aaron L. Rhodes
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Publication date
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Publication of CA2479504A1 publication Critical patent/CA2479504A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2479504C publication Critical patent/CA2479504C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/1408—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic by monitoring network traffic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/50—Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems
    • G06F21/55—Detecting local intrusion or implementing counter-measures
    • G06F21/554—Detecting local intrusion or implementing counter-measures involving event detection and direct action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/1408—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic by monitoring network traffic
    • H04L63/1416—Event detection, e.g. attack signature detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/20—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for managing network security; network security policies in general

Abstract

According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems includes receiving an alarm indicating a network intrusion may have occurred, identifying characteristics of the alarm, including at least an attack type and a target address, querying a target host associated with the target address for an operating system fingerprint, receiving the operating system fingerprint that includes the operating system type from the target host, comparing the attack type to the operating system type, and indicating whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison.

Claims (22)

1. A method for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems, comprising:
receiving an alarm indicating a network intrusion may have occurred;
identifying characteristics of the alarm, including at least an attack type and a target address;
querying a target host associated with the target address for an operating system fingerprint;
receiving the operating system fingerprint that includes the operating system type from the target host;
comparing the attack type to the operating system type; and indicating whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison.
2. The method of Claim 1, further comprising storing the operating system fingerprint of the target host in a storage location for a time period.
3. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
before querying the target host, accessing a storage location;
determining whether the operating system fingerprint for the target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does not exist, then continuing the method with the querying step; and if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does exist, then:

determining if a cache entry time for the target address is valid; and if the cache entry time is valid, then continuing the method with the comparing step;
otherwise if the cache entry time is invalid, then continuing the method with the querying step.
4. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring a dynamic configuration protocol server;
detecting that a lease issue has occurred for a new target host;
accessing a storage location;
determining whether an operating system fingerprint for the new target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does not exist, then:
querying the new target host for the operating system fingerprint;
receiving the operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and storing the operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does exist, then:
purging the existing operating system fingerprint for the new target host from the storage location;
querying the new target host for a new operating system fingerprint;

receiving the new operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and storing the new operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time.
5. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring a dynamic configuration protocol server;
detecting that a lease expire has occurred for an existing target host;
accessing a storage location;
determining whether an operating system fingerprint for the existing target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does not exist, then disregarding the lease expire; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does exist, then purging the existing operating system fingerprint for the existing target host from the storage location.
6. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
after receiving the alarm, determining whether a format for the alarm is valid; and if the format is not valid, then disregarding the alarm; otherwise if the format is valid, then continuing the method with the identifying step.
7. A method for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems, comprising:
receiving an alarm indicating a network intrusion may have occurred;
identifying characteristics of the alarm, including at least an attack type, a source address, a target address, an alarm severity, and an alarm description;
accessing a storage location;
determining whether an operating system fingerprint for a target host associated with the target address already exists in the storage location;
if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does not exist, then:
querying the target host for the operating system fingerprint;
receiving the operating system fingerprint that includes the operating system type from the target host;
comparing the attack type to the operating system type; and indicating whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison;
if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does exist, then:
determining if a cache entry time for the target address is valid; and if the cache entry time is invalid, then:
querying the target host for the operating system fingerprint;
receiving the operating system fingerprint that includes the operating system type from the target host;

comparing the attack type to the operating system type; and indicating whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison;
if the cache entry time is valid, then:
comparing the attack type to the operating system type; and indicating whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison.
8. The method of Claim 7, further comprising storing the operating system fingerprint of the target host in the storage location for a time period.
9. The method of Claim 7, further comprising:
monitoring a dynamic configuration protocol server;
detecting that a lease issue has occurred for a new target host;
accessing the storage location;
determining whether an operating system fingerprint for the new target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does not exist, then:
querying the new target host for the operating system fingerprint;
receiving the operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and storing the operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does exist, then:
purging the existing operating system fingerprint for the new target host from the storage location;
querying the new target host for a new operating system fingerprint;
receiving the new operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and storing the new operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time.
10. The method of Claim 7, further comprising:
monitoring a dynamic configuration protocol server;
detecting that a lease expire has occurred for an existing target host;
accessing the storage location;
determining whether an operating system fingerprint for the existing target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does not exist, then disregarding the lease expire; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does exist, then purging the existing operating system fingerprint for the existing target host from the storage location.
11. A system for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems, comprising:
a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) operable to transmit an alarm indicating an attack on a network may have occurred;
a software program embodied in a computer readable medium, the software program, when executed by a processor, operable to:
receive the alarm;
identify characteristics of the alarm, including at least an attack type and a target address;
query a target host associated with the target address for an operating system fingerprint;
receive the operating system fingerprint that includes the operating system type from the target host;
compare the attack type to the operating system type; and indicate whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison.
12. The system of Claim 11, further comprising a storage location operable to store the operating system fingerprint of the target host for a time period.
13. The system of Claim 11, wherein the software program is further operable to:
access a storage location before querying the target host;

determine whether the operating system fingerprint for the target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does not exist, then continue with the querying step; otherwise if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does exist, then the software program is further operable to:
determine if a cache entry time for the target address is valid; and if the cache entry time is valid, then continue with the comparing step; otherwise if the cache entry time is invalid, then continue with the querying step.
14. The system of Claim 11, wherein the software program is further operable to:
monitor a dynamic configuration protocol server;
detect that a lease issue has occurred for a new target host;
access a storage location;
determine whether an operating system fingerprint for the new target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does not exist, then the software program is further operable to:
query the new target host for the operating system fingerprint;
receive the operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and store the operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does exist, then the software program is further operable to:
purge the existing operating system fingerprint for the new target host from the storage location;
query the new target host for a new operating system fingerprint;
receive the new operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and store the new operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time.
15. The system of Claim 11, wherein the software program is further operable to:
monitor a dynamic configuration protocol server;
detect that a lease expire has occurred for an existing target host;
access a storage location;
determine whether an operating system fingerprint for the existing target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does not exist, then disregard the lease expire; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does exist, then purge the existing operating system fingerprint for the existing target host from the storage location.
16. The system of Claim 11, wherein the software program has no knowledge of the protected network architecture.
17. The system of Claim 11, wherein the NIDS is vendor independent.
18. A system for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems, comprising:
means for receiving an alarm indicating a network intrusion may have occurred;
means for identifying characteristics of the alarm, including at least an attack type and a target address;
means for querying a target host associated with the target address for an operating system fingerprint;
means for receiving the operating system fingerprint that includes the operating system type from the target host;
means for comparing the attack type to the operating system type; and means for indicating whether the target host is vulnerable to the attack based on the comparison.
19. The system of Claim 18, further comprising means for storing the operating system fingerprint of the target host in a storage location for a time period.
20. The system of Claim 18, further comprising:
means for accessing a storage location;
means for determining whether the operating system fingerprint for the target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the target host does exist, then means for determining if a cache entry time for the target address is valid.
21. The system of Claim 18, further comprising:
means for monitoring a dynamic configuration protocol server;
means for detecting that a lease issue has occurred for a new target host;
means for accessing a storage location;
means for determining whether an operating system fingerprint for the new target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does not exist, then further comprising:
means for querying the new target host for the operating system fingerprint;
means for receiving the operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and means for storing the operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time; and if the operating system fingerprint for the new target host does exist, then further comprising:
means for purging the existing operating system fingerprint for the new target host from the storage location;
means for querying the new target host for a new operating system fingerprint;
means for receiving the new operating system fingerprint from the new target host; and means for storing the new operating system fingerprint of the new target host in the storage location for a length of time.
22. The system of Claim 18, further comprising:
means for monitoring a dynamic configuration protocol server;
means for detecting that a lease expire has occurred for an existing target host;
means for accessing a storage location;
means for determining whether an operating system fingerprint for the existing target host already exists in the storage location; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does not exist, then disregarding the lease expire; and if the operating system fingerprint for the existing target host does exist, then means for purging the existing operating system fingerprint for the existing target host from the storage location.
CA2479504A 2002-03-29 2003-03-28 Method and system for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems Expired - Fee Related CA2479504C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US31915902P 2002-03-29 2002-03-29
US60/319,159 2002-03-29
PCT/US2003/009665 WO2003084181A1 (en) 2002-03-29 2003-03-28 Method and system for reducing the false alarm rate of network intrusion detection systems

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CA2479504A1 true CA2479504A1 (en) 2003-10-09
CA2479504C CA2479504C (en) 2010-07-13

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US (1) US7886357B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1491019B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1643876B (en)
AT (1) ATE483310T1 (en)
AU (2) AU2003220582A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2479504C (en)
DE (1) DE60334368D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003084181A1 (en)

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US20030212910A1 (en) 2003-11-13
CN1643876B (en) 2010-09-29
AU2003220582A1 (en) 2003-10-13
DE60334368D1 (en) 2010-11-11
AU2008229835A1 (en) 2008-11-06
CN1643876A (en) 2005-07-20
EP1491019B1 (en) 2010-09-29
ATE483310T1 (en) 2010-10-15
CA2479504C (en) 2010-07-13
EP1491019A1 (en) 2004-12-29
WO2003084181A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US7886357B2 (en) 2011-02-08
AU2008229835B2 (en) 2010-12-09

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