CA2490871A1 - Noninvasive characterization of a flowing multiphase fluid using ultrasonic interferometry - Google Patents

Noninvasive characterization of a flowing multiphase fluid using ultrasonic interferometry Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2490871A1
CA2490871A1 CA002490871A CA2490871A CA2490871A1 CA 2490871 A1 CA2490871 A1 CA 2490871A1 CA 002490871 A CA002490871 A CA 002490871A CA 2490871 A CA2490871 A CA 2490871A CA 2490871 A1 CA2490871 A1 CA 2490871A1
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fluid
vessel
chosen
flowing
transducer
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CA002490871A
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French (fr)
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CA2490871C (en
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Dipen N. Sinha
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Los Alamos National Security LLC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/222—Constructional or flow details for analysing fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/024—Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/012—Phase angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02836—Flow rate, liquid level

Abstract

An apparatus for noninvasively monitoring the flow and/or the composition of a flowing liquid using ultrasound is described. The position of the resonance peaks for a fluid excited by a swept-frequency ultrasonic signal have been found to change frequency both in response to a change in composition and in response to a change in the flow velocity thereof. Additionally, the distance between successive resonance peaks does not change as a function of flow, but rather in response to a change in composition. Thus, a measurement of both parameters (resonance position and resonance spacing), once calibrated, permits the simultaneous determination of flow rate and composition using the apparatus and method of the present invention.

Claims (32)

1. A method for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing through a vessel which comprises the steps of:
(a) applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of the vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to the flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) detecting the vibrational features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) sweeping the continuous periodic acoustical signal through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima among the vibrational resonance features; and (d) measuring the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima of the flowing fluid.
2. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the full-width-at-half-maximum of at least one of the two chosen consecutive resonance features.
3. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the acoustic impedance of the fluid.
4. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the ratio of the resonance feature minimum to the resonance feature maximum.
5. An apparatus for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the side thereof opposite to said first transducer for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima among the vibrational resonance features; and (d) a data processor for determining the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima of the flowing fluid.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein said data processor determines the line width of at least one of the two chosen consecutive resonance features.
7. The apparatus as described in claim 5, wherein said data processor determines the acoustic impedance of the fluid.
8. The method as described in claim 5, wherein said data processor determines the ratio of the resonance feature minimum to the resonance feature maximum.
9. An apparatus for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said pipe for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein, and for detecting the generated vibrational resonance features;

(b) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima in the vibrational resonance features; and (c) a data processor for recording the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima of the flowing fluid.
10. The apparatus as described in claim 9, wherein said data processor determines the line width of at least one of the two chosen consecutive resonance features.
11. The apparatus as described in claim 9, wherein said data processor determines the acoustic impedance of the fluid.
12. The apparatus as described in claim 9, wherein said data processor determines the ratio of the resonance feature minimum to the resonance feature maximum.
13. An apparatus for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the same side thereof as said first transducer and in the vicinity thereof, for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima among the vibrational resonance features; and (d) a data processor for determining the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima of the flowing fluid.
14. The apparatus as described in claim 13, wherein said data processor determines the line width of at least one of the two chosen consecutive resonance features.
15. The apparatus as described in claim 13, wherein said data processor determines the acoustic impedance of the fluid.
16. The apparatus as described in claim 13, wherein said data processor determines the ratio of the resonance feature minimum to the resonance feature maximum.
17. A method for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid through a vessel which comprises the steps of:
(a) applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of the vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to the flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) sweeping the continuous periodic signal through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima in the standing-wave vibrational pattern;
(d) recording the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima to determine whether the composition of the fluid has changed;
(e) correcting the location of the resonance peaks in response thereto;
and (f) determining the frequency of one of the chosen resonance peaks, such that the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
18. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the side thereof opposite to said first transducer for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima in the standing-wave vibrational pattern; and (d) a data processor for recording the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima to determine whether the composition of the fluid has changed, for correcting the location of the resonance peaks in response thereto, and for determining the frequency of one of the chosen resonance peaks, such that the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
19. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said pipe for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein, and for detecting the generated vibrational pattern;
(b) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima in the vibrational resonance features; and (c) a data processor for recording the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima of the flowing fluid to determine whether the composition of the fluid has changed, for correcting the location of the resonance peaks in response thereto, and for determining the frequency of a chosen resonance peak, such that the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
20. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the same side thereof as said first transducer and in the vicinity thereof, for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes two chosen consecutive maxima in the standing-wave vibrational pattern; and (d) a data processor for recording the frequency difference between the two chosen consecutive maxima to determine whether the composition of the fluid has changed, for correcting the location of the resonance peaks in response thereto, and for determining the frequency of a chosen resonance peak, such that the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
21. A method for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing at a flow rate through a vessel which comprises the steps of:
(a) applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of the vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to the flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;

(b) detecting the vibrational features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) sweeping the continuous periodic acoustical signal through a chosen frequency range which includes one maximum among the vibrational resonance features;
(d) measuring the frequency of the maximum of the flowing fluid;
(e) measuring the flow rate of the fluid; and (f) correcting the frequency of the maximum for the rate of flow.
22. An apparatus for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing at a flow rate through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the side thereof opposite to said first transducer for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a chosen maximum among the vibrational resonance features;
(d) a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the fluid; and (e) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the flow rate of the flowing fluid.
23. An apparatus for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing at a flow rate through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said pipe for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein, and for detecting the generated vibrational resonance features;
(b) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a chosen maximum in the vibrational resonance features;
(c) a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the fluid; and (d) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the flow rate of the flowing fluid.
24. An apparatus for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the same side thereof as said first transducer and in the vicinity thereof, for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a chosen maximum among the vibrational resonance features;
(d) a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the fluid; and (e) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the flow rate of the flowing fluid.

(e) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the flow rate of the flowing fluid.
25. A method for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid having a composition and flowing through a vessel which comprises the steps of:
(a) applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of the vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to the flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) detecting the vibrational features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) sweeping the continuous periodic acoustical signal through a chosen frequency range which includes one maximum among the vibrational resonance features;
(d) measuring the frequency of the maximum of the flowing fluid;
(e) determining the composition of the fluid; and (f) correcting the frequency of the maximum for the composition of the fluid, whereby the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
26. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid having a composition and flowing at a flow rate through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the side thereof opposite to said first transducer for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;

(e) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the composition of the fluid, whereby the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
27. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid having a composition and flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said pipe for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein, and for detecting the generated vibrational resonance features;
(b) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a chosen maximum in the vibrational resonance features;
(c) means for determining the composition of the fluid; and (d) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the composition of the fluid, whereby the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
28. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid having a composition and flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said vessel for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein;
(b) a second transducer in acoustic contact with the outside of said vessel and located on the same side thereof as said first transducer and in the vicinity thereof, for detecting the vibrational resonance features generated in the flowing liquid;

(c) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a chosen maximum among the vibrational resonance features;
(d) means for determining the composition of the fluid; and (e) a data processor for determining the frequency of the chosen maximum and for correcting the frequency for the composition of the fluid, whereby the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
29. A method for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid having a composition and flowing through a vessel which comprises the steps of:
(a) applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of the vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to the flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features;
(b) detecting the vibrational features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) sweeping the continuous periodic acoustical signal through a chosen frequency range which includes a portion of one vibrational resonance feature;
(d) measuring the phase of the vibrational resonance feature relative to that for the continuous periodic acoustical signal generating thereby a phase difference;
(e) determining the composition of the fluid; and (f) correcting the phase difference for the composition of the fluid, whereby the flow rate of the fluid is determined.
30. An apparatus for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid having a composition and flowing through a vessel which comprises in combination:
(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said pipe for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein, and for detecting the generated vibrational pattern;
(b) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a portion of one vibrational resonance feature;
(c) means for measuring the phase of the vibrational resonance feature relative to that for the continuous periodic acoustical signal generating thereby a phase difference;
(d) means for determining the composition of the fluid; and (e) a data processor for recording the phase difference and correcting the phase difference for the composition of the fluid, whereby the flow rate of the fluid is determined
31. A method for monitoring the composition of a fluid flowing through a vessel at a flow rate which comprises the steps of:
(a) applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of the vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to the flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features;
(b) detecting the vibrational features generated in the flowing liquid;
(c) sweeping the continuous periodic acoustical signal through a chosen frequency range which includes a portion of one vibrational resonance features;
(d) measuring the phase of the vibrational resonance feature relative to that for the continuous periodic acoustical signal generating thereby a phase difference;
(e) determining the flow rate of the fluid; and (f) correcting the phase difference for the flow rate of the fluid, whereby changes in the composition of the fluid are identified.
32. An apparatus for monitoring the concentration of a fluid flowing through a vessel at a flow rate which comprises in combination:

(a) a first transducer in acoustic contact with the outside surface of said pipe for applying a continuous periodic acoustical signal to the outside of said vessel such that the acoustical signal is transferred to said flowing fluid, thereby generating vibrational resonance features having a plurality of maxima and minima therein, and for detecting the generated vibrational pattern;
(b) a sweep generator for sweeping said first transducer through a chosen frequency range which includes a portion of one vibrational resonance feature;
(c) means for measuring the phase of the vibrational resonance feature relative to that for the continuous periodic acoustical signal generating thereby a phase difference;
(d) a flow meter for determining the flow rate of the fluid; and (e) a data processor for recording the phase difference and correcting the phase difference for the composition of the fluid.
CA2490871A 2002-06-28 2003-06-10 Noninvasive characterization of a flowing multiphase fluid using ultrasonic interferometry Expired - Fee Related CA2490871C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2769798A CA2769798C (en) 2002-06-28 2003-06-10 Noninvasive characterization of a flowing multiphase fluid using ultrasonic interferometry

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/187,024 US6644119B1 (en) 2002-06-28 2002-06-28 Noninvasive characterization of a flowing multiphase fluid using ultrasonic interferometry
US10/187,024 2002-06-28
PCT/US2003/018576 WO2004003492A2 (en) 2002-06-28 2003-06-10 Noninvasive characterization of a flowing multiphase fluid using ultrasonic interferometry

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CA2490871C CA2490871C (en) 2012-04-17

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US (4) US6644119B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1523653B1 (en)
JP (2) JP4535872B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2003238014B2 (en)
CA (2) CA2769798C (en)
ES (1) ES2612703T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2004003492A2 (en)

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