CA2495537C - Immunoregulatory compounds and derivatives and methods of treating diseases therewith - Google Patents

Immunoregulatory compounds and derivatives and methods of treating diseases therewith Download PDF

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CA2495537C
CA2495537C CA2495537A CA2495537A CA2495537C CA 2495537 C CA2495537 C CA 2495537C CA 2495537 A CA2495537 A CA 2495537A CA 2495537 A CA2495537 A CA 2495537A CA 2495537 C CA2495537 C CA 2495537C
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acid
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CA2495537A1 (en
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Nnochiri N. Ekwuribe
Jennifer Riggs-Sauthier
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Biocon Ltd
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Biocon Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/196—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino group being directly attached to a ring, e.g. anthranilic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, chlorambucil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/235—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group
    • A61K31/24—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group having an amino or nitro group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/40—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/42—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton with carboxyl groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by saturated carbon chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C245/00—Compounds containing chains of at least two nitrogen atoms with at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen multiple bond
    • C07C245/02—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides
    • C07C245/06—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C245/08—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the two nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. azobenzene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

Compounds are disclosed having the structure of Formula (I), where R1, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or C1 to C4 alkyl, and R2 is (II), where R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 to C4 alkyl, or (III), where R6, R7 in R8 are independently hydrogen or C1 to C4 alkyl; or the esters or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds may be utilized for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases, particularly inflammatory conditions of the GI tract. Methods of treating inflammatory conditions of the GI tract such as inflammatory bowel disease using compounds having the following formula are also disclosed (IV), where R9, R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 to C4 alkyl, and R12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -C(O)R13, where R13 is a C1 to C6 alkyl or an aryl group.

Description

INI'TNNOREGULATORY COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES AND
METHODS OF TREATING DISEASES TB:EREWITH

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to immunoregulatory compounds and methods of treating diseases. tberecvitb.

Background of the Invention Many people suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 1BD is a generic term used to refer to two inflaminatory diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects various portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly tbe lower GI
tract, and more particularly the colon and/or rectum. Crolm's disease is a serious inflanunatory disease of the GI tract. It predominates iri the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine (colon). Various medications are being used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.
It is lmown to use mesalamine, S-ami.nosalicylic acid (5-ASA) to treat ulcerative colitis. While mesalamine may be active in treating ulcerative colitis, it may be absorbed as it passes through the GI tract. This absorption may adversely affect the amount of inesa]amine that reaches the lower GI tract, particularly the colon and rectum.
Various mesalamine formulations have been introduced in an attempt to protect mesalamine as it passes through the gut and the upper GI tract. One such formulation is a delayed-release formulation that relies on a pH-sensitive coating surrounding the mesalamine. The coating allows the mesalamine to pass through the gut and upper GI tract without being absorbed so that the mesalamine reaches the target (i.e. the lower GI tract, particularly the colon andlor rectum) intact.
In another formulation, mesalamine microspheres surround a mesalamine core. This formulation releases mesalamine throughout the GI tract, rather than targeting the colon specifically. It may be difficult to predict the bioavailability of the various niesalamine formulations when administered to a wide variety of individuals.
As a result, it may be difficult to determine the proper dosage for a given individual.
It is also known to use sulfasalazine having the following formula to-treat ulcerative colitis.
HOOC

N
However, sulfasalazine is metabolized in the body to form mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)) and sulfapyridine. Several adverse side affects have been noted from the use of sulfasalazine including nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and headacbe to name just a few. These adverse side effects are usually =
attributed to the activity of sulfapyridine in the GI tract, as well as that absorbed into the system.
U.S. Patent No. 4,412,992 to Chan proposes mesalamine derivatives. Unlike sulfa] azine, the breakdown of these compounds in the intestinal tract may not give rise to undesirable metabolic products. In fact, the non-mesalamine metabolic products may be innocuous.
Olsalazine having the following formula has been used to treat ulcerative colitis.
HOOC COOH
HO / \ N N OH

In addition to beuig relatively expensive to make, olsalazine may have adverse side effects including diarrhea.
It is known to use azathioprine (6-(1-methyl-4-nitoimidazol-5-ylthio)purine) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Azathioprine has the following chemicat structure:

N S
N

H3C N'~

N
H
It is also known to use 6-mercaptopurine, a metabolite of azathioprine, to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 6-mercaptopurine bas the following chemical structure:
SH

N~

1 ~
N
H
Methotrexate (L-4-amino-N70-methylpteroyl-glutamic acid) has also been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Methotrexate has the following chemical structure:
) 1 1 {1 CHZ N CNH
. \ /

rH2 HOOC H2C H2C CH COOH
The polypeptide cyclosporine, which has traditionally been given to transplant patients to prevent organ rejection, has also been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. The use of cyclosporine to treat IBD may be limited, however, by the various side effects associated with this medication. These side effects include high blood pressure, kidney damage, tremors, headaches, seizures, excessive hair growth, excessive gum growth, confusion, coma, and gout.

Summary of the Invention According to embodiments of the present invention, compounds are provided having the following formula:

R
R2N / ` COOR3 (1) where R', R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or Cl to C4 alkyl, and R2 is:
HO P N

RSOOC
where Rs is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Cl to C4 alkyl, or R6 R'OOC O-N-where R6, R7 and Rg are independently hydrogen or Cl to C4 allyl, as well as the esters or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds.
Pharmaceutical compositions including compounds according to embodiments of the present invention are also provided, as are methods of treating inflammatory conditions with such compounds.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, methods of treating an inflammatory condition of the GI tract in a subject in need of such treatment include administering to the subject an effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient that includes a compound of Formula II:

R12HN COOR"
Rl ~ (II) where R9, R10 and R" 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 to C4 alkyl; and R1Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -C(O)R13, where R' 3 is a CI to C6 alkyl or an aryl group, or an ester or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound, in admixture with a solid or liquid pharmaceutical diluent or carrier. The active pharmaceutical ingredient may further comprise a compound of Formula III:

HO / ` NH2 Pa) HOOC

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided use of a compound of Formula II

R12HN / COOR10 (II) Ri l where R9, R10 and Rl l are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 to C4 alkyl; and 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -C(O)R13, where R13 R
is a C1 to C6 alkyl or an aryl group;
or an ester or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound to treat an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract in a subject in need of such treatment.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided use of an active pharmaceutical ingredient comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenylacetic acid, an ester thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid, an ester thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided use of a compound of Formula II: R 9 R12HN COOR10 (II) R' where R9, R10 and Rl l are independently selected from hydrogen and C1 to C4 alkyl;
and R12 is selected from hydrogen and -C(O)R13, where R13 is a C1 to C4 alkyl or an aryl group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound, in admixture with phannaceutical diluent or camer, for use in the treatment of an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract in a subject in need of such treatment.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided Use of a composition comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenylacetic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid or phamaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use in the treatment of an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract in a subject in need of such treatment.

5a Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates embodiments of synthesis routes for compounds of the present invention.
Figure 2 illustrates embodiments of synthesis routes for compounds of the present invention.
Figure 3 illustrates the average reduction in colon: body weight [% BW]
utilizing embodiments of the present invention (4-APAA/DNBS and Mixture/DNBS) in comparison with results achieved by the prior art (5-ASA/DNBS) and control (Vehicle/DNBS).
Figure 4 illustrates DNBS colitis adhesion scores achieved utilizing embodiments of the present invention (4-APAA/DNBS and Mixture/DNBS) in 5b comparison with results achieved by the prior art (5-ASAIDNTBS) and control (Vehicle/D*NTBS and VehiclelSham).

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The invention'will now be described with respect to preferred embodiments described herein. It should be appreciated however that these enibodiments are for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
As used herein, the term "inflanunatory bowel disease" includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
According to embodiments of the present invention, compounds are provided having the following fomiula:

R2N COOR3 ( I) R4 _ Rl, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or Cl to C4 alkyl. Preferably, R1, R3, and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, and CH(CH3)2. More preferably, R1, R3, and R4 are H or CH3.
R2 is:

HO / \N
RSOOC
or RlOOC / \ N

R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Ci to C4 alkyl.
Preferab]y, R5 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, and CH(CH3)2. More preferably, R5 is H or CH3 and, most preferably, RS is H.

R6, R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or C, to C4 alkyl. Preferably, R6, R? and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, and CH(CH3)Z. More preferably, R6, R7 and RS are independently H or CH3.
The compounds of the present invention may be made using known starting materials and reagents. For example, embodinients of synthesis paths may be illustrated as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Compounds of the present invention may be utilized for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases, particularly inflanzmatory conditions of the GI
tract including, but not limited to, inflammatory conditions of the mouth sueh as mucositis, infectious diseases (e.g., viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases), and Crolm's disease;
inflammatory conditions of the esophogas sucb as esophagitis, conditions resulting from chemical injury (e.g., lye ingestion), gastroesopbageal reflux disease, bile acid reflux, Barrett's esophogas, Crohn's disease, and esophageal stricture;
inflammatory conditions of the stomach such as gastritis (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, acid-peptic disease and atrophic gastritis), peptic ulcer disease, pre-cancerous lesions of the stomach, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and Crohn's disease; inflammatory conditions of the intestine such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, bacterial overgrowth, peptic ulcer disease, and fissures of the intestine; inflammatory conditions of the colon such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, infectious colitis (e.g., pseudomembranous colitis sueh as c]ostridium difficile colitis, salmonella enteritis, shigella infections, yersiniosis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidial infections, and viral infections), radiation-induced colitis, colitis in the immunocompromised host (e.g., typhlitis), precancerous conditions of the colon (e.g., dysplasia, inflammatory conditions of the bowel, and colonic polyps), proctitis, inflanimation associated with hemorrhoids, proctalgia fugax, and rectal fissures; liver gallbladder and/or bilary tract conditions such as cholangitis, sclerosing cholangitis, primary bilary cirrhosis, and cbolecystitis;
and intestinal abscess. The compounds of the present invention may also be utilized in diagnosis of constituents, conditions, or disease states in biological systems or specimens, as well as for diagnostic purposes in non-physiological systems.
Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may have application in proplhylaxis or treatment of condition(s) or disease state(s) in plant systems. By way of example, the active component of the conjugate may have insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal, andlor pesticidal efficacy amenable to usage in various plant systems.

In some embodiments, compounds of the present invention may breakdown in the intestinal tract to form the metabolic product of Formula IV:

Ri H
2N / ` COOR3 (IV) Ra where Rl, R3 and R4 are as descnbed above with reference to Fonnula I, and the metabolic product of Fonnula V:

HO NH
2 (V) HOOC

The metabolic product of Formula IV may possess anti-inflammatory activity and/or immunoregulatory activity. The metabolic product of Formula V may possess anti-inflammatory activity, and more particularly may provide inlu'bition of prostaglandin synthetase I & II
In other embodiments, compounds of the present invention may breakdown in the intestinal tract to form the metabolic product of Formula IV and the metabolic product of Formula VI;

IeOOC / \ NH
2 (VD

wbere R6, R7 and R8 are as descn'bed above with reference to Frnmula I. The metabolic product of Formula VI may possess anti-inflansmatory activity and/or inununoregulatory activity. Accordingly, compounds of the present invention may provide imrnunoregulatory activity. Compounds of the present invention may also provide inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase I and U. Compounds of the present invention may be useful in treating various diseases, parkicularly ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and the like.
In therapeutic usage, the present invention contemplates a method of treating an animal subject having or latently susceptible to an intestinal condition(s) or disease state(s) and in need of treatment therefor, comprising administering to such animal an effective amount of a compound of the present invention that is therapeutically effective for said condition or disease state. Subjects to be treated by the compounds of the present invention include both hunian and non-human animal (e.g:; bird, dog, cat, cow, horse) subjects, and are preferably mammalian subjects, and most preferably human subjects.
Depending on the specific condition or disease state to be combatted, aninial subjects may be adniinistered compounds of the present invention at any suitable tberapeutically effective and safe dosage, as may readily be determined within the slcill of the art and without undue experimentation. For example, con7pounds of the present invention may be administered at a dosage between about 0.1 and 100 mg/kg;
preferably between about 5 and 90 mg/kg, and more preferably between about 10 and 80 mg/kg.
The compounds of the present invention may be administered per se as well as in the form ofpharmaceutically acceptable esters, salts, and other physiologically functional derivatives tbereof.
The present invention also contemplates pharmaceutical formulations, both for veterinary and for human medical use, which comprise as the active pharmaceutical ingredient one or more compound(s) of the present invention. In such pharmaceutical and medicament formulations, the active pharmaceutical ingredient preferably is utilized together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s) therefor and optionally any other therapeutic ingredients. The carrier(s) must be pharmaceutically acceptable in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and are preferably not unduly deleterious to the recipient thereof. The active pharmaceutical- ingredient is provided in an amount effective to achieve the desired pharmacological effect, as described above, and in a quantity appropriate to achieve the desired daily dose.
The formulations include those suitable for parenteral as well as non-parenteral administration, and specific administration modalities include, but are not limited to, oral, rectal, buccal, topical, nasal, ophthalmic, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, transdermal, intrathecal, intra-articular, intra-arterial, sub-arachnoid, bronchial, lymphatic, vaginal, and intra-uterine administration.
Formulations suitable for oral and parenteral administration are preferred, with formulations suitable for oral administration most preferred.

When a compound of the present invention is utilized in a formulation comprising a liquid solution, the fonnulation advantageously may be administered orally or parenterally. When a compound of the present invention is employed in a liquid suspension formulation or as a powder in a biocompatible carrier formulation, the formulation may be advantageously administered orally, rectally, or bronchially.
When a compound of the present invention is utilized directly in the form of a powdered solid, the compound may advantageously be administered orally.
Alternatively, it may be administered bronchially, via nebulization of the powder in a carrier gas, to fonn a gaseous dispersion of the powder that is inspired bythe,patient from a breathing circuit comprising a suitable nebulizer device.
The formulations comprising a compound of the present invention may conveniently be presented in unit dosage forms and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of phannacy. Sucb methods generally include the step ofbringing a compound of the present invention into association with a carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. Typically, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing a compound of the present invention into association with a liquid carrier, a finely divided solid carrier, or both, and then, if necessary, sbaping the product into dosage forms of the desired formulation.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cacbets, tablets, or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the present invention as a powder or granules; or a suspension in an aqueous liquor or a non-aqueous liquid, sucb as a syrup, an elixir, an emulsion, or a draught A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by conipressing in a suitable machine, with the active compound being in a$ee-flowing form su;I
as a powder or granules which optionally is mixed with a binder, disintegrant, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active agent, or discharging agent. Molded tablets comprised of a mixture of the powdered active compound with a suitable carrier may be made by molding in a suitable machine.
A syrup may be made by adding a compound of the present invention to a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar, for example sucrose, to which may also be added any accessory ingredient(s). Sucb accessory ingredient(s) may include, for example, flavorings, suitable preservatives, agents to retard crystallization of the sugar, and agents to increase the solubility of any otber ingredient, such as a polyhydroxy alcohol, for example glycerol or sorbitol.
Formulations suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise a sterile aqueous preparation of a compound of the present invention, which preferably is isotonic with the blood of the recipient (e.g., physiological saline solution). Such formulations may include suspending agents and thickening agents or other nucroparticulate systems which are designed to target the compound to blood components or one or inore organs. The fornulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose form.
Nasal spray formulations comprise purified aqueous solutions of a compound of the present invention with preservative agents and isotonic agents. Such formulations are preferably adjusted to a pH and isotonic state compatible with the nasal mucus membranes.
Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable carrier sucb as cocoa butter, hydrogenated fats, or bydrogenated fatty carboxylic acid.
Ophthalmic formulations are prepared by a sinular method to the nasal spray, except that the pH and isotonic factors are preferably adjusted to match that of the eye.
Topical formulations comprise a compound of the present invention dissolved or suspended in one or more media, such as mineral oil, petroleum, polybydroxy alcohols, or other bases used for topical pharmaceutical formulations.
In addition to the aforementioned ingredients, the formulations of this invention may further include one or more accessory iingredient(s) selected from diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, disintegrants, surface active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including antioxidants), and the like.
Accordingly, compounds according to the present invention may be utilized for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases, particularly diseases of the GI
tract including, but not limited to, inflammatory bowel disease.
In still other embodiments of the present invention, methods of treating or preventing inflammatory bowel disease in a subject in need of such treatment or prevention include administering to the subject an effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient that includes a compound of Formula II:

II

R12HN a COORt0 (1~
R~ ~

where R9, R10 and Ril are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Cl to C4 alkyl; and R12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -C(O)R13, wbere R13 is a C, to C6 alkyl or an aryl group, or an ester or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound, in admixture with a pharmaceutical diluent or carrier.
The active pharmaceutical ingredient may further comprise one or more other medicaments including, but not limited to, anti-inflammatory agents such as mesalamine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine; inimunomodulators such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptoiputine, cyclosporine and methotrexate; steroidal compounds such as corticosteroids; and antibiotics such as metronidazole and cirpofloxacin. The active pharmaceutical ingredient preferably furtber comprises mesalamine, the compound of Formula III:

HO / \ NH
z (M) HOOC
Wben the active pharmaceutical ingredient comprises compounds ofFormula II and Formula 111, the compound of Formula II is preferably from about 10 to 90 weight percent of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and is more preferably from about 40 to 60 weight percent of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.. Wben the active pbarmaceutical ingredient comprises compounds of Formula II and Formula III, the molar ratio of the compound of Formula I to the compound of Formula II is preferably between 1:10 and 10:1, and is more preferably between 1:2 and 2:1.
Subjects to be treated by methods according to these embodiments of the present invention include both buman and non-human animal (e.g., bird, dog, cat, cow, borse) subjects, and are preferably mammalian subjects, and most preferably human subjects.
Depending on the specific condition or disease state to be combated, animal subjects may be administered the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the present invention at any suitable tberapeutically effective and safe dosage, as may readily be determined within the skill of the art and without undue experimentation. For example, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the present invention may be administered at a dosage between about 0.1 and 200 mg/kg, preferably between about 1 and 90 mg/kg, and more preferably between about 10 and 80 mg/kg.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the following examples. It sbould be appreciated that these examples are for the purposes of illustrating aspects of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
EXAMPLES
ExamA)es 1 throuab 4 Syntbesis of Compounds of the Present Invention Melting points were taken on a Laboratory Devices Mel-Temp II capillary melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. 'I-iNMR spectra were obtained on a Varian Unity 600 MHz spectrometer. Chemical shifts (S) are reported as parts per million (ppm) relative to the internal standard tetramethylsilane. Ultraviolet and visible spectra were obtained with a Beclflnan DU 640i spectrophotometer.
Infrared spectroscopy was obtained on a Nricolet Impact 410 and fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy data was obtained by M-Scan Inc. All reagents were used as received from Aldrich Cbemical Co.

Examples I and 2 Svntbesis of 5-(4-(1-Carboxy-Etb),ll-Pbenylazot2-Hvdroxy-Benzoic Acid Example I
2-(4-A.mino-phenyl)-propionic acid A 500-rnI., oven dried, three-neck flask equipped with a stir bar, was charged with (R,S) 2-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid (5.00 g, 25.6 nunol), absolute ethyl alcohol (200 mL), and palladium (10 wt. % on activated carbon, 0.27 g, 2.56 mmol).
A hydrogen environment was introduced into the flask and the mixture was then stirred at ambient temperature for 6 hours. The crude reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the ethyl alcobol was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was dried under vacuum overnight resulting in a light yellow solid (70%
yield, 2.98g): mp 125-129 C,'H NMR (DMSO-d6): S 1.24 (3H, s),1.26 (3H, s), 3.41 (IH, s), 3.43 (2H, s), 6.46 (2H, d, J= 7.6 Hz), 6.91 (2H, d, J= 7.6 Hz); IR
(KBr) 2596, 2189, 1630, 1581, 3441, 1375, 1277, 1192, 1052, 876 cni1 ; FAB-MS (NBA) 7n/z (M+H)+.

Example 2 5-(4-(l-Carboxy-Ethy))-Pbenylazo)-2-Hydroay-Benzoic Acid As prepared in the above procedure, 2-(4-amino-phenyl)-propionic acid (3.90 g.
23.6 nunol) dissolved in an aqueous HCI solution (75 mL, 36.5 - 38.0% HCI in 8 mL
H20) was placed in a 200-mL beaker and cooled to 0 C in an ice bath. When the solution was stabilized at 0 C, sodium nitrite (1.79 g, 26.0 mrnol) in water (2 mL) was added dropwise. The temperature was maintained at 0-5 C and the resulting diazonium salt solution stirred for 15min.
While the diazonium salt solution stirred, an 800-mL beaker fitted with a stir bar, thermometer, and pH probe (Orion model 420A with Orion semimicro pH
probe) was charged with salicylic acid, sodium salt (11.3 g, 20.8 nzmol) dissolved in sodium hydroxide (4.25 g, ]06 mmol) and HZ0 (100 mL). Using an ice bath, the salicylic acid solution was cooled to 17 C and the diazonium salt solution was slowly added in 10 mL portions. Througbout the addition, the pH was maintained at 13.2 - 13.3 with the addition of aqueous sodium bydroxide, and the temperature was kept between 17-18 C witb the addition of ice. After the addition was complete, the resulting dark red solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirring was continued for 90min. Upon acidification to pH 3.5 with concentrated HCI (-20 ml:., 36.5-38%), a dark red solid precipitated and was collected by vacuum filtration.
The crude product (8.49 g, 27.0 mmol) was suspended i'n H20 (300 mL) and beated at 70 C for 30 min. to remove excess salicylic acid. The suspension was cooled to 50 C and a solid was collected by suction filtration. The collected solid was then purified by flash chromatography (SiO2: ethyl acetate/hexanes, 1:1). The crude product (2.50 g. 7.95 mmol ) in DMF (-4.5 mL) was loaded and yellow colored fractions were collected, combined, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
After drying under vacuum, the purified product was obtained as an orange solid in 55 %
yield (I.38 g): mp 147 C, 'H NMR (DMSO-d6): 8 1.38 (3H, s), 1.39 (314, s), 3.76 (IH, s), 3.78 (IH, s), 7.11 (IH,d,J=8.4Hz),7.46(2H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.80(2H,d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.03 (IH, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.30 (1H, s); IR (KBr) 2973,1921,1708, 1652, 1577, 1477, 1339, 1289,1226, 1164, 1101, 1013, 857,663 cm"; UV-Vis (MeOH) X.. = 355 nm, e= 23,700 mol"cm'1L; FAB-MS (NBA) m/z 313 (M)-.

Example 3 Synthesis of 5-(4-Carboxymetbyl-Pbenylazo)-2-Hydroay-Benzoic Acid [APAZZA]
4-Aminopbenylacetic acid (10.0 g, 66.2 mmol) dissolved in an aqueous HCI
solution (20 mL, 36.5 - 38.0% HCI in 200 mL H20) was placed in a 500-mL beaker and cooled to 0 C in an ice bath. When the solution was stabilized at 0 C, sodium nitrite (5.02 g, 72.8 mmol) in water (50 mL) was added slowly in 5 mL
portions. The temperature was maintained at 0-5 C and the resulting diazonium salt solution stirred for 15 min.
While the diazonium salt solution stirred, a 2L beaker fitted with a stir bar, themiometer, and pH probe (Orion mode1420A with Orion seminiicro pH probe) was charged with salicylic acid, sodium salt (31.8 g, 198 mmol) dissolved in sodium hydroxide (11.9 g, 230 mmol) and water (200 mL). Using an ice bath, the salicylic acid solution was cooled to 17 C and the diazonium salt solution was slowly added in mL portions. Througbout the addition, the pH was maintairied at 13.2 - 13.3 with the addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide, and the temperature kept between 17-20 with the addition of ice. After the addition was complete, the resulting dark red solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirring was continued for an additiona130 mi.n. Upon acidification to pH 3 with concentrated HCI (-50 mI, 36.5 - 38%), a brown solid precipitated and was collected by suction 5ltration.
The crude product was purified by flasb chromatography (Si02: ethyl 25 acetate/hexanes,1:1). On a column packed with 70-230 mesh, 60A silica gel with BET surface area of -500 m2/g and pore volume of 0.75 cm3/g, the crude product (11.5 g, 38.2 nunol) in DMF (12 mL) was loaded. Fractions were collected and combined based on color. The first band was yellow in color and contained excess salicylic acid as well as traces of the desired product. The second band was orange and contained the desired product, and the third band was red and contained unknown impurities. All fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum.
The purified product was obtained as an orange solid in 28% yield (2.75g):
nmp 204 C; 'H NMR (DMSO-d6) S 3.67 (21-, s), 7.11 (IH, d, J= 9.0 Hz), 7.44 (2H, d, J= 8.4 Hz), 7.79 (2H, d, J= 8.4 Hz), 8.02 (1 H, d of d, J= 2.4 Hz, 9.0 Hz), 8.29 (1 H, s);1R (KBr) 3098,1696, 1614, 1458, 1345,1195, 838 cm '; UV-Vis (MeOH) X,,,=
350 nm, s= 25,700 mo1'1 cm" L; positive FAB-MS (NBA) r,s/z 301 (M+H)+, negative FAB-MS(NBA) m/z 299 (M)'.
Example 4 Syntbesis of 4-(4-Carboa),methyl-Pbenylazo)-Pbenylacetic Acid 4-Aminophenylacetic acid (3.75 g, 24.8 mmol) was suspended in water (75 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (8 mL) was added. The solution was cooled to 0 C in an ice bath with rapid stirring. Sodium nitrite -(1.80 g, 26.1 mmol) in water (20 mL) was added dropwise to the 4-aminophenylacetic acid solution with rapid stirring. Care was taken to keep the temperature between 0-5 C at all times, especially during the NIaNO2 addition. The reaction was stirred for an add.itiona120 min. In the meantime, phenylacetic acid (10.1 g, 74.4 mmol) was dissolved in an aqueous NlaOH solution (4.50 g, 113 mmol NlaOH in 100 mL H20). The solution was vigorously stirred at 17 C and at pH 13.3. The diazon~ium salt solution was added dropwise to the phenylacetic acid solution. It is of utmost importance to keep the temperature of the pbenylacetic acid so]ution between 17-18 C and the pH
between 13.2-13.3 at all times, especially during the diazonium salt addition. The temperature was regulated by the addition of ice and the pH regulated by the addition of 8 M
NaOH. Afler addition was complete, the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for an additional. 30 min. The reaction mixture was suction filtered to remove any undissolved particulates or unwanted side products. The filtrate was acidified with aqueous HC1(10 mL conc. HCl in 20 mL-H20) which produced a dark red precipitate. The precipitate was collected by suction filtration and washed several times with cold H20, until the filtrate was clear. The collected solid was air dried overnight to give the desired compound as a red solid in 37%
yield: IR (KBr) 3030 (br), 1696, 1658, 1452, 1414, 1201, 850, 675 cm 'FABMS
m/z 299 (M + H)}, 320 (M + Na); 'H NMR (DMSO-d6) S 3.47 (s, 4H), 7.33 (4H, d, J=
8.1 Hz),7.84(4H,d,J=8.4Hz).

Example 5 Metabolism of APAZA Following Oral Delivery The degradation of Apaza (5-(4-carbox}7nethyl-phenylazo)-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid), a compound of the present invention, and sulfasalazine (used as a control; not part of the present invention) and the generation of their metabolites when these compounds were orally dosed to rats were measured to be able to confirm that both Apaza and Sulfasalazine undergo bacterial azo reduction and yield their metabolites, 5-aniinosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine for sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and 4-anzinophenyl acetic acid (4-APAA) for Apaza.
This experiment was performed to confirm that an azo compound, Apaza, undergoes bacterial reduction process and yields its metabolites in in-vivo metabolism. The quantification of its metabolites was also carried out.
Sulfasalazine, not part of the present invention, was used as a control since similar azo bond cleavage by bacteria occurs with it, which results in 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulfapyridine as its metabolites. Both Apaza and sulfasalzine were degraded and their metabolites were produced as expected.
For urine, the parent compounds and their metabolites were detected with day 1 collection only. The rest of the collections did not show any compounds. For feces, compounds were detectable up to day 2 collection.
Rats that were dosed with Apaza (rat 1, 2, and 3) showed Apaza, 4-APAA, actarit, and acetylated 5-ASA in urine. Rats with sulfasalazine dosage (rat 4, 5, and 6) showed sulfasalazine, sulfapyridine, and acetylated 5-ASA in urine. Only acetylated 5-ASA was detected in feces regardless of what compounds were given. 5-ASA was quickly converted to acetylated 5-ASA.
It is interesting to note that while sulfasalazine dosed rats produced their metabolites, 5-ASA (acetylated 5-ASA in this case) and sulfapyri.dine, in 1:1 ratio, rats with Apaza dosage produced 7 to 10 times more of 4-APAA than acetylated 5-ASA.
It is believed that the majority of the ingested sulfasalazine travels down the small intestine to the colon and undergoes bacterial azo reduction to liberate sulfapyridine and 5-ASA molecules. The results from this study con$rrn this belief and show that Apaza undergoes a similar bacterial azo reduction.
A total of 8 rats were used for the experiment and methylcellulose was used as a vehicle. The dosage amount was 100 mglkg per rat. Three rats were dosed with Apaza and the other three rats were dosed with sulfasalazine. Two rats were used as a control and dosed with methy]cellulose. Both urine and feces were collected over 4 days and analyzed by HPLC.
Urine was collected each day and 300 gL of aliquot from each sample was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 5000 g. 80 L of supematant was injected for analysis.
Feces was also col]ected each day and hornogenized with 1:1 mixture of water and acetonitrile. This mixture was then centrifuoed for 20 minutes at 5000 g. 80 L of supematant was injected for analysis.
A Waters 2690 HPLC was used for sample analysis as follows:
Mobile phase programming: Gradient Mobile phase: A=Water + 0.1 % TFA
B= Acetonitrile + 0.1 % TFA
Flow rate: 1 mL/min.
Column: Phenomenex Max RP, 80,8i, 4.6 mm x 250 mm PDA settings: Collected spectrum:210-400nm Extracted chromatogram: 280 and/or other Run time/sample: Approximately 50 min.

Time Flow % Mobile % Mobile (mL/minute Pbase A Pbase B
- 1 l00 0 5-ASA was quickly converted to acetylated 5-ASA. The same amount of acetylated 5-ASA was generated from both Apaza and sulfasalazine in urine.
Acetylated 5-ASA and sulfapyridine were produced in 1:1 ratio from sulfasalazine dosed rat urine. Approximately 7 to 10 times more of 4-APAA was produced than acetylated 5-ASA from Apaza dosed rat urine. Only acetylated 5-ASA was detected from feces regardless of dosed compound. More acetylated 5-ASA was detected in feces than urine.

Day ] Apaza Dosed Total Dosage Apaza 4APAA rActat-it Acetylated 5ASA
Urine (mg) (mg) (mg) (ma) (m ) Rat 1 22.0 0.48 3.456 0.0717 0.299 Rat 2 23.5 0.3546 3.177 0.422 Rat 3 22.5 0.4707 4.674 0.298 Sulfasalazine Dosed Total Dosage Sulfasalazine Sulfapyridine Acetylated 5ASA
(n- ) (mg) (mb) (mg) Rat 4 21 0.00882 0.337 0.288 Rat 5 22.5 0.01279 0.305 0.328 Rat 6 21 0.01092 0.41 0.39 Apaza Dosed Total Dosage Acetylated Stool (mg) 5ASA (mg) Rat 1 22 1.9254 Rat 2 23.5 1.9519 Rat 3 22.5 1.2437 Sulfasalazine Dosed Total Dosage Acetylated (mg) 5ASA (mg) Rat4 21 1.2158 Rat 5 22.5 1.3708 Rat 6 21 0.9033 Day 2 Apaza Dosed Total Dosage Acetylated Stool (mg) 5ASA (mg) Rat 1 22 0.2562 Rat 2 23.5 0.7755 Rat 3 22.5 0.1827 Sulfasalazine Dosed Total Dosage Acetylated (ma 5ASA (m ) Rat 4 21 0.2 Rat 5 22.5 0.2584 Rat 6 21 0.1458 Eaample 6 Biological Effects of Compounds of the Present Invention The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate and compare the effects of three different active pharmaceutical ingredients administered intrarectally (twice daily for four days) to male Lewis rats following intrarectal administration of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNTBS). DNTBS induced colitis in rats according to an established experimental mode] (Richard et al., 2000; Bertran et a1.,1996;
Blau et al., 2000; Kimura et al., 1998; Hogaboam et al., 1996). SHAM and DNBS groups served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The distribution of animals to each group is presented in Table 1:

Table 1 GROUP NU]VIBER OF ANI1ViALS

Mixture of 5-ASA 4 and 4-APAA
Materials And Metbods Trimmed specimens of colon from 27 male rats were tested, including microtoming, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The resulting 27 slides (1 transverse section per slide) were examined microscopically. Except for one rat from the SHAM group and one rat from the DNBS group, all slides had their labels taped over to facilitate blind reading. Lesions were graded on a scale of 1-5 (1 =
minimal; 2 = mild; 3= moderate; 4 = moderately-severe; 5 = severe).

Results The principal histomorphologic cbange observed in the colon sections of all rats treated with DNBS (regardless of any additional treatment) was partial to full-thiclmess, full-length, coagulative-type necrosis. Necrosis was not observed in the salinelmethylcellulose treated rats (SHAM group). In al] cases, necrotic areas were characterized by a dramatic loss of cellular detai] and staining affinity; in such areas only "ghost" outlines of the colonic architecture remained. Occasionally, segmental coDapse or "dropout" of an intestinal tissue layer was evident. Necrotic tissues were heavily invaded by mixed types ofbacteria. In sections that were not completely necrotic, the pattern of necrosis tended to be laminar, typically affecting the mucosa and submucosa while sparing portions of the muscularis externa and/or aciventitia (serosa and adjacent mesentery). In these sections, a dense zone of karyorrhectic neutrophils divided the necrotic irmer layers from the less affected outer layers.
Fibrinoid necrotizing vasculitis of submucosal blood vessels was observed in all DNBS-treated rats. Vasculitis was observed in both necrotic and non-necrotic regions, ofien accompanied by thronlbosis (fibrinous, fibrinocellular, and/or bacterial thrombi), and minimal to moderate submucosal hemorrhage (with or without fibrin accumulation). Some hemorrhagic sites contained pigment-laden macrophages (siderophages - not separately diagnosed). In all sections from DNBS-treated rats, the serosa and adjoining mesentery were expanded by mild to moderately severe fibrovascular proliferation (early granulation tissue). Sections from two rats (#4 and #11, Mixture of 5-ASA and 4-APAA group), each contained a single, short, sbarply demarcated segrnent of non-necrotic, non-ulcerated mucosa. Changes witlun these comparatively unaffected mucosal segments were limited to minin7al to mild crypt epithelial hyPerplasia, minimal crypt dilation, and minimal neutrophilic infiltration.
Severity scoring of colonic necrosis was based upon the degree of tissue involvement; however, grade 5(severe) was reserved for lesions in which necrosis resulted in extensive tissue loss. Because the pattern of necrosis often varied from section to section, the individual intestinal layers were scored separately.
Generally, the average severity scores for necrosis were comparable among the four groups of DNIBS-treated rats (Table 2). The average score for mucosal necrosis in the Mixture of 5-ASA and 4-APAA group was lower than scores in the other groups of DI\TBS-treated rats due to the spared areas of mucosa in two animals from the Mixture of 5-ASA and 4-APAA group.

Table 2: Averape Tissue Necrosis Scores Group S~ DNBS 5-ASA 4-APAA Mixture 5-ASA &

No. Animals (6) (5) (6) (6) (4) Mucosa 0.00 4.20 4.50 4.33 3.50 Submucosa 0.00 4.20 4.17 4.00 4.25 Muscularis 0.00 3.60 3.5 3.17 3.00 Adventitia 0.00 1.40 1.67 1.67 1.50 Summary The principal histomorphologic change observed in the colon sections of all rats treated with DNBS (regardless of any additional treatment) was partial to full-thiclaiess, full-length, coagulative-type necrosis. Associated changes included massive bacterial invasion of the necrotic tissue, fibrinoid necrotizing vasculitis with thrombosis and hemorrhage, and heavy neutrophilic infiltration. Necrosis was not observed in the saline/methylcellulose-treated rats (SHAM group). The severity (extent) of necrosis was comparable among the four groups of DNBS-treated rats (DNTBS, 5-ASA, 4-APAA, and Mixtwe of 5-ASA and 4-APAA), except that single segments of mucosa were comparatively spared in 2/4 rats from the Mixture of 5-ASA and 4-APAA group.

Example 7 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Drug A'Iixture Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) colitis was induced (no ether anesthesia) in 4 groups of 6 Lewis rats each. One DNBS group was dosed with vehicle (0.7%
methyl cellulose) as well as an additional sbam group of 6 animals that received a saline enema instead of DNBS. Intrarectal (ir) dosing was performed in conscious animals b.i.d. for 4 days. Drug treatments were as follows:
5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA): 50 mg/kg 4-aminophenylacetic acid (4-APAA): 49.5 mg/kg (equimolar to 5-ASA) Mixture: 5-ASA + 4-APAA: 50 mg/kg + 49.5 mglkg Drugs were suspended in the above mentioned vehicle and staff blinded to drug groups. Daily weigbts and diarrbea scores were recorded. On the 5th day post-irritant rats were sacrificed, laparotomies performed and scored for intestinal adbesions and strictures; colectomized and colon weights recorded, colons opened longitudinally and inflanunation/ulcerations scored.
Results illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 indicated that 5-ASA, 4-APAA, and the mixture produce similar anti-inflammatory activity (-31 % reduction in colon:body weight j%BW]). The severity of inflammation approacbed maximum. It is possible that the severity could be titrated by reduction of the DNBS dose and a small study was performed to test this hypothesis. It is possible that with a milder insult there n7ay be evidence of greater separation of treatment effects.
DNTBS colitis was induced in 6 Lewis rats (3 at 30 and 3 at 15 mg/rat DNBS) and allowed to develop for 5 days with no treatment in order to citrate the severity of inflanmiation. DiaiThea was noted on days 1-4 and the rats were sacrificed on day 5, scored, and colon:body weight determined. Results indicate that 15 mg/rat DNTBS
produces milder but inconsistent inflammation compared to 30 mg. The 30 mg/kg DNBS result was consistent with that seen previously.

The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and is not to be construed as linliting thereof. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.

Claims (16)

1. Use of a compound of Formula II:

where R9, R10 and R11 are independently selected from hydrogen and C, to C4 alkyl; and R12 is selected from hydrogen and -C(O)R13, where R13 is a C1 to C4 alkyl or an aryl group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound, in admixture with pharmaceutical diluent or carrier, for use in the treatment of an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract in a subject in need of such treatment.
2. The use according to Claim 1, wherein R9, R10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, and CH(CH3)2.
3. The use according to Claim 1, wherein R9, R10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.
4. The use according to Claim 1, wherein R12 is hydrogen.
5. The use according to Claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula II is 4-aminophenylacetic acid.
6. The use according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract is ulcerative colitis.
7. The use according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract is Crohn's disease.
8. The use according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the compound is orally administrable.
9. The use according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the compound is rectally administrable.
10. Use of an active pharmaceutical ingredient comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenylacetic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid and phamaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use in the treatment of an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract in a subject in need of such treatment.
11. The use according to claim 10, wherein the 4-aminophenylacetic acid is from about to 90 weight percent of said active pharmaceutical ingredient.
12. The use according to Claim 10, wherein the molar ratio of the 4-aminophenylacetic acid to the 5-aminosalicylic acid is between about 1:10 to 10:1.
13. The use according to any one of Claims 10 to 12, wherein the inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract is ulcerative colitis.
14. The use according to any one of Claims 10 to 12, wherein the inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract is Crohn's disease.
15. The use according to any one of Claims 10 to 14, wherein the compound is orally administrable.
16. The use according to any one of Claims 10 to 14, wherein the compound is rectally administrable.
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