CA2521872C - Micronized wood preservative formulations - Google Patents
Micronized wood preservative formulations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2521872C CA2521872C CA2521872A CA2521872A CA2521872C CA 2521872 C CA2521872 C CA 2521872C CA 2521872 A CA2521872 A CA 2521872A CA 2521872 A CA2521872 A CA 2521872A CA 2521872 C CA2521872 C CA 2521872C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- wood
- composition
- microns
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000003171 wood protecting agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical group C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- TXOJCSIIFFMREV-UHFFFAOYSA-L didecyl(dimethyl)azanium;carbonate Chemical group [O-]C([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC TXOJCSIIFFMREV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- YXLXNENXOJSQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L Oxine-copper Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 YXLXNENXOJSQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- PNWFFTWFSDDZTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethanol;copper Chemical compound [Cu].NCCO PNWFFTWFSDDZTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DOVLHZIEMGDZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] DOVLHZIEMGDZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XDUPUJNNHFTMQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S XDUPUJNNHFTMQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;n,n-dimethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 3
- MVTVVKOMNZGDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M didecyl(dimethyl)azanium;hydron;carbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC MVTVVKOMNZGDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 40
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 17
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- -1 particleboard Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 8
- UFNOUKDBUJZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C(C)C1CC1 UFNOUKDBUJZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000005018 Pinus echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000017339 Pinus palustris Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005757 Cyproconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- QBDSZLJBMIMQRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Cumylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QBDSZLJBMIMQRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NSC2=C1 DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- TUBQDCKAWGHZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl thiocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SCSC#N)=NC2=C1 TUBQDCKAWGHZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)OCC#CI WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PORQOHRXAJJKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O PORQOHRXAJJKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(S(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C#N)=NN1C1=C(Cl)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZOCSXAVNDGMNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003619 algicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N bifenthrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1(C)C OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpyrifos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000009 copper(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu] AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019854 cupric carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011646 cupric carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WURGXGVFSMYFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlofluanid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)N(SC(F)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURGXGVFSMYFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC=CC1=O BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBOBFGGLRNWLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylhexadecan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] IBOBFGGLRNWLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N permethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010876 untreated wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- JLHMJWHSBYZWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-thiazole 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1C=CC=N1 JLHMJWHSBYZWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100555 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YHZQOKUDQQISEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Cumylphenol Natural products C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 YHZQOKUDQQISEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYYMDNHUJFIDDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one;2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one Chemical compound CN1SC=CC1=O.CN1SC(Cl)=CC1=O QYYMDNHUJFIDDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHBIKXOBLZWFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(O)C2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 UHBIKXOBLZWFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005874 Bifenthrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005752 Copper oxychloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005946 Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018782 Dacrydium cupressinum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005899 Fipronil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000256602 Isoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013697 Pinus resinosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000534656 Pinus resinosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UXHICEINSA-N bioresmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UXHICEINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SKKTUOZKZKCGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl carbamate Chemical compound CCCCOC(N)=O SKKTUOZKZKCGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKMOPYJWSFRURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;copper Chemical compound [Cu].ClOCl HKMOPYJWSFRURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940030341 copper arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RKYSWCFUYJGIQA-UHFFFAOYSA-H copper(ii) arsenate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O.[O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O RKYSWCFUYJGIQA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cu+2] QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001591 cyfluthrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQODLKZGRKWIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 QQODLKZGRKWIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQODLKZGRKWIFG-QSFXBCCZSA-N cyfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H](C#N)C1=CC=C(F)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 QQODLKZGRKWIFG-QSFXBCCZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005424 cypermethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004670 didecyldimethylammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013764 fipronil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001724 microfibril Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000490 permethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
- A01N55/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing metal atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/005—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising microparticles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/007—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising nanoparticles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/22—Compounds of zinc or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/343—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/20—Removing fungi, molds or insects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/268—Monolayer with structurally defined element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31703—Next to cellulosic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
- Y10T428/31989—Of wood
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/4935—Impregnated naturally solid product [e.g., leather, stone, etc.]
- Y10T428/662—Wood timber product [e.g., piling, post, veneer, etc.]
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides wood preservative compositions comprising micronized particles. In one embodiment, the composition comprises dispersions of micronized metal or metal compounds. In another embodiment, the wood preservative composition comprises an inorganic component comprising a metal or metal compound and organic biocide. When the composition comprises an inorganic component and an organic biocide, the inorganic component or the organic biocide or both are present as micronized particles. When compositions of the present invention are used for preservation of wood, there is minimal leaching of the metal and biocide from the wood.
Description
MICRONIZED WOOD PRESERVATIVE FORMW ACTIONS
10 FJ.ELD OF THE,~NVENTXON
The present invention is related generally to the field of wood preservatives and more particularly to a wood preservative composition comprising micronized particles.
CKQPQUND OF THY XNVENTION
Wood presciving compositions are well known for preserving wood and other cellulose-based materials, such as paper, particleboard, textiles, rope, etc., against organisms responsible for the destruction of wood, including fungi and insects. Many conventional wood preserving compositions contain copper amine complexes. Copper amine complexes have been used in the past because the amine solubilizes the copper in aqueous solutions.
The copper in such copper amine complexes is obtained from a variety of copper bearing materials, such as copper scrap, cuprous oxide, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, a variety of cuprous and cupric salts, and copper bearing ores. The amine in such copper amine complexes is normally obtained :from an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium salts, such as ammonium carbonate, and ammonium sulfate, ethanolamines, et cetera.
For example, U.S. patent no. 4,622,248 describes forming copper amine complexes by dissolving copper (Ti) oxide [CuO] (also known as cupric oxide) in ammonia in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate.
The disadvantage of using ammonia as a copper solubilizing agent lies in the strong odor of ammonia. Additionally, copper ammonia preservatives can affect the appearance of the treated wood giving surface residues and undesirable color. In recent years, many amine-containing compounds, such as the ethanolamines and aliphatic polyamines, have been used to replace ammonia to formulate water-soluble copper solutions. These compounds were chosen because of their strong complexing ability with copper and because they are essentially odorless. U.S. patent no. 4,622,248 discloses a method of preparing copper amine complexes by dissolving a mixture of copper (II) carbonate [CuCO3] and copper (II) hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] in ethanolamine and water. The complexing amine (i.e., the ligand) and copper (II) ion combine stoichiometrically and thus the weight ratio of reagents will be different for each complexing amine. However, copper amine based preservatives have higher copper loss due to leaching as compared to traditional copper based preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA).
In addition to metal biocides, existing wood preservatives can also contain organic biocides. However, many organic biocides currently in use are not water soluble. Therefore, solubilizing agents, surfactants and wetting agents are often added to either solubilize or form emulsions of the organic biocide to formulate a product that is suitable for the treatment of wood or other cellulose substrates.
However, the solubilizing agents, surfactants, and wetting agents are costly and the use of these products may result in enhanced leaching of the biocides when the treated material comes into contact with moisture. Such enhanced leaching is considered to be the result of the solubilizing agents, surfactants and wetting agents which remain in the wood after treatment. Because these compounds continue to cause leaching of the metal and/or biocide from the treated wood, field performance problems or environmental issues can result.
Despite many efforts to address these deficiencies in existing wood preservatives, there has been an unmet need to produce aqueous metal-based preservatives that are suitable for treating wood and other cellulose-based materials while minimizing the undesirable leaching of metal ions and/or biocide from treated materials when exposed to water. This need is met by the invention disclosed herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides micronized compositions for preservation of wood. In one embodiment, the compositions comprise metal or metal compounds as micronized particles.
In another embodiment, the compositions comprise metal or metal compounds and organic biocides. The metal is in an insoluble (micronized form). The metal compounds may be in a soluble form or in a water insoluble (micronized) form. The organic biocides may be soluble or water insoluble (micronized). In the compositions of this embodiment, at least one component (either a metal/metal compound or a biocide) is micronized.
10 FJ.ELD OF THE,~NVENTXON
The present invention is related generally to the field of wood preservatives and more particularly to a wood preservative composition comprising micronized particles.
CKQPQUND OF THY XNVENTION
Wood presciving compositions are well known for preserving wood and other cellulose-based materials, such as paper, particleboard, textiles, rope, etc., against organisms responsible for the destruction of wood, including fungi and insects. Many conventional wood preserving compositions contain copper amine complexes. Copper amine complexes have been used in the past because the amine solubilizes the copper in aqueous solutions.
The copper in such copper amine complexes is obtained from a variety of copper bearing materials, such as copper scrap, cuprous oxide, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, a variety of cuprous and cupric salts, and copper bearing ores. The amine in such copper amine complexes is normally obtained :from an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium salts, such as ammonium carbonate, and ammonium sulfate, ethanolamines, et cetera.
For example, U.S. patent no. 4,622,248 describes forming copper amine complexes by dissolving copper (Ti) oxide [CuO] (also known as cupric oxide) in ammonia in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate.
The disadvantage of using ammonia as a copper solubilizing agent lies in the strong odor of ammonia. Additionally, copper ammonia preservatives can affect the appearance of the treated wood giving surface residues and undesirable color. In recent years, many amine-containing compounds, such as the ethanolamines and aliphatic polyamines, have been used to replace ammonia to formulate water-soluble copper solutions. These compounds were chosen because of their strong complexing ability with copper and because they are essentially odorless. U.S. patent no. 4,622,248 discloses a method of preparing copper amine complexes by dissolving a mixture of copper (II) carbonate [CuCO3] and copper (II) hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] in ethanolamine and water. The complexing amine (i.e., the ligand) and copper (II) ion combine stoichiometrically and thus the weight ratio of reagents will be different for each complexing amine. However, copper amine based preservatives have higher copper loss due to leaching as compared to traditional copper based preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA).
In addition to metal biocides, existing wood preservatives can also contain organic biocides. However, many organic biocides currently in use are not water soluble. Therefore, solubilizing agents, surfactants and wetting agents are often added to either solubilize or form emulsions of the organic biocide to formulate a product that is suitable for the treatment of wood or other cellulose substrates.
However, the solubilizing agents, surfactants, and wetting agents are costly and the use of these products may result in enhanced leaching of the biocides when the treated material comes into contact with moisture. Such enhanced leaching is considered to be the result of the solubilizing agents, surfactants and wetting agents which remain in the wood after treatment. Because these compounds continue to cause leaching of the metal and/or biocide from the treated wood, field performance problems or environmental issues can result.
Despite many efforts to address these deficiencies in existing wood preservatives, there has been an unmet need to produce aqueous metal-based preservatives that are suitable for treating wood and other cellulose-based materials while minimizing the undesirable leaching of metal ions and/or biocide from treated materials when exposed to water. This need is met by the invention disclosed herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides micronized compositions for preservation of wood. In one embodiment, the compositions comprise metal or metal compounds as micronized particles.
In another embodiment, the compositions comprise metal or metal compounds and organic biocides. The metal is in an insoluble (micronized form). The metal compounds may be in a soluble form or in a water insoluble (micronized) form. The organic biocides may be soluble or water insoluble (micronized). In the compositions of this embodiment, at least one component (either a metal/metal compound or a biocide) is micronized.
2 Accordingly, in one embodiment is provided a wood preservative composition comprising micronized metal, metal compounds or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment is provided a wood preservative composition comprising a micronized metal or metal compound and a soluble organic biocide.
In another embodiment is provided a wood preservative composition comprising micronized metal/metal compounds and micronized organic biocides.
In another embodiment is provided a composition comprising soluble metal compound and micronized organic biocides.
Also provided is a method for using the compositions of the present invention.
The method comprises the step of contacting a cellulosic material, such as wood, with a composition of the present invention. When the compositions of the present invention are used for preservation of wood, there is minimal leaching of the metal or metal and the biocide from wood.
In one embodiment, the preferred metal for wood preserving type applications is copper in the form of a copper compound having a particle size 0.005 microns to 25.0 microns. The copper compound can optionally be mixed with a variety of water soluble and/or water insoluble biocides and then vacuum impregnated, vacuum/pressure or dip impregnated into cellulosic material by standard methods to effectively preserve the material from agents that degrade cellulosic material such as fungi, insects, bacteria etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure IA is a comparison of copper leaching from wood treated with copper monoethanolamine (copper mea) vs. micronized copper hydroxide at copper retentions of 0.1 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) and 0.2 pcf according to American Wood Preservers' Association (AWPA) Standard El 1-97 "Standard Method of Determining the Leachability of Wood Preservatives".
Figure 1B is a comparison of copper leaching from wood treated with a commercial copper based formulation ACQ-Type D and micronized copper carbonate plus dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate/bicarbonate (quat) at preservative retentions of 0.25 pcf and 0.40pcf. The leaching test was conducted following the procedure described in AWPA Standard El 1-97 "Standard Method of Determining the Leachability of Wood Preservatives".
Figure 2 depicts the anatomy of coniferous wood.
In another embodiment is provided a wood preservative composition comprising a micronized metal or metal compound and a soluble organic biocide.
In another embodiment is provided a wood preservative composition comprising micronized metal/metal compounds and micronized organic biocides.
In another embodiment is provided a composition comprising soluble metal compound and micronized organic biocides.
Also provided is a method for using the compositions of the present invention.
The method comprises the step of contacting a cellulosic material, such as wood, with a composition of the present invention. When the compositions of the present invention are used for preservation of wood, there is minimal leaching of the metal or metal and the biocide from wood.
In one embodiment, the preferred metal for wood preserving type applications is copper in the form of a copper compound having a particle size 0.005 microns to 25.0 microns. The copper compound can optionally be mixed with a variety of water soluble and/or water insoluble biocides and then vacuum impregnated, vacuum/pressure or dip impregnated into cellulosic material by standard methods to effectively preserve the material from agents that degrade cellulosic material such as fungi, insects, bacteria etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure IA is a comparison of copper leaching from wood treated with copper monoethanolamine (copper mea) vs. micronized copper hydroxide at copper retentions of 0.1 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) and 0.2 pcf according to American Wood Preservers' Association (AWPA) Standard El 1-97 "Standard Method of Determining the Leachability of Wood Preservatives".
Figure 1B is a comparison of copper leaching from wood treated with a commercial copper based formulation ACQ-Type D and micronized copper carbonate plus dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate/bicarbonate (quat) at preservative retentions of 0.25 pcf and 0.40pcf. The leaching test was conducted following the procedure described in AWPA Standard El 1-97 "Standard Method of Determining the Leachability of Wood Preservatives".
Figure 2 depicts the anatomy of coniferous wood.
3 Figure 3 depicts the border pit structure for coniferous wood.
Figure 4A depicts the uniform copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper hydroxide according to AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants".
Figure 4B depicts the uniform copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper carbonate plus quat. The determination of copper penetration was conducted following the procedures described in AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants".
Figure 5 depicts the uniform particle distribution of cupric oxide through the cells of the wood treated with micronized CuO.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Unless stated otherwise, such as in the examples, all amounts and numbers used in this specification are intended to be interpreted as modified by the term "about". Likewise, all elements or compounds identified in this specification, unless stated otherwise, are intended to be non-limiting and representative of other elements or compounds generally considered by those skilled in the art as being within the same family of elements or compounds. The term "micronized" as used herein means a particle size in the range of 0.005 to 25 microns. The term "preservative" as used herein means a composition that renders the material to which it is applied more resistant to insect, fungal and microbial attack than the same material without having the composition applied. The term "particle size"
refers to the largest axis of the particle, and in the case of a generally spherical particle, the largest axis is the diameter.
The wood preservative compositions of the present invention comprise an inorganic component comprising a metal, metal compound or combinations thereof and optionally one or more organic biocides. Accordingly, the present invention provides micronized wood preservatives comprising one or more metal or metal compounds with or without one or more organic biocides. When the composition comprises both the metal/metal compounds and the organic biocides, the metal or metal compounds or the organic biocides are present as water insoluble micronized particles. In one embodiment, both the inorganic component and the organic biocide are present as micronized particles.
Figure 4A depicts the uniform copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper hydroxide according to AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants".
Figure 4B depicts the uniform copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper carbonate plus quat. The determination of copper penetration was conducted following the procedures described in AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants".
Figure 5 depicts the uniform particle distribution of cupric oxide through the cells of the wood treated with micronized CuO.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Unless stated otherwise, such as in the examples, all amounts and numbers used in this specification are intended to be interpreted as modified by the term "about". Likewise, all elements or compounds identified in this specification, unless stated otherwise, are intended to be non-limiting and representative of other elements or compounds generally considered by those skilled in the art as being within the same family of elements or compounds. The term "micronized" as used herein means a particle size in the range of 0.005 to 25 microns. The term "preservative" as used herein means a composition that renders the material to which it is applied more resistant to insect, fungal and microbial attack than the same material without having the composition applied. The term "particle size"
refers to the largest axis of the particle, and in the case of a generally spherical particle, the largest axis is the diameter.
The wood preservative compositions of the present invention comprise an inorganic component comprising a metal, metal compound or combinations thereof and optionally one or more organic biocides. Accordingly, the present invention provides micronized wood preservatives comprising one or more metal or metal compounds with or without one or more organic biocides. When the composition comprises both the metal/metal compounds and the organic biocides, the metal or metal compounds or the organic biocides are present as water insoluble micronized particles. In one embodiment, both the inorganic component and the organic biocide are present as micronized particles.
4
5 PCT/US2004/011065 These compositions are used for treatment of cellulosic material such as wood.
The leaching of metal from the treated wood is less for the present compositions than that observed from wood treated with non-micronized compositions.
A preferred metal is copper. Accordingly, in one embodiment, copper or copper compounds are used. The copper or copper compounds such as cuprous oxide (a source of copper (I) ions), cupric oxide (a source of copper (II) ions), copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate, copper oxychloride, copper 8-hydroxyquinolate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper omadine, copper borate, copper residues (copper metal byproducts) or any suitable copper source can be used as micronized particles having a particle size between 0.005 microns to 25 microns. These particles exhibit a relatively low solubility in water.
The micronized particles can be obtained by wetting/dispersing and grinding copper compounds using a commercially available grinding mill. Alternatively, the micronized copper compounds may also be purchased from commercial sources, which generally need to be ground further to be useful for wood preservation. For example, micronized copper hydroxide can be obtained from Phibro-Tech, Inc., Sumter, South Carolina and ground further for use in the present invention. Micronized cupric oxide can also be obtained from Nanophase Technologies Corporation, Romeoville, Illinois.
The copper source can be mixed with water with or without addition of a commercially available rheological additive such as a cellulosic derivative to form a finely dispersed suspension which can be mixed with a biocide to form a preservative system which is suitable to treat and protect wood from agents causing degradation. Other metals or metal compounds as well as transition metals or transition metal compounds (including the lanthanide and actinide series elements) such as tin, zinc, cadmium, silver, nickel, etc. and compounds thereof can be used in place of copper and copper compounds. The resulting metal dispersion or the metal biocide fluid dispersion are suitable for the preservation of wood and other cellulose-based materials.
The organic biocides useful in the present invention can be water soluble as well as water insoluble. Such organic biocides including fungicides, insecticides, moldicides, bactericides, algaecides etc. are well known to those skilled in the art and include azoles, quaternary ammonium compounds, borate compounds, fluoride compounds and combinations thereof.
Some non-limiting examples of water soluble biocides are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, dimethyldidecylammonium chloride, dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate/bicarbonate and the like.
Water insoluble organic biocides are also well known. Some non-limiting examples of water insoluble organic biocides are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Organic Biocides Useful for Wood Protection Name Formula and CAS#
Azoles:
Cyproconazole C15H18C1N3O: 94361-06-5 Propiconazole C15H17C12N3O2: 60207-90-1 Tebuconazole C16H22C1N3O: 107534-96-3 Busan (TCMTB) 2-(thiocyanatomethylthio) C9H6N2S3 : 21564-17-0 benzothiazole Chlorothalonil C8C14N2: 1897-45-6 Dichlofluanid C9H11C12FN2O2S2: 1085-98-9 Isothiazolone:
Kathon 930 C11H17Cl2NOS: 64359-81-5 Kathon WT C4H4C1NOS: 26172-55-4 Methylisothiazolinone C4H5NOS: 2682-20-4 Benzisothiazolin-3-one C7H5NOS: 2634-33-5 2-octyl-3-isothiazolone C11H19NOS: 26530-20-1 Imidacloprid C9H10C1N5O2: 138261-41-3 lodopropynyl Butylcarbamate C8H12lNO2: 55406-53-6 (IPBC) Pyrethroids:
Bifenthrin C23H22C1F3O2: 82657-04-3 Cypermethrin C22H19C12NO3: 52315-07-8 Permethrin C21HZ0C1203: 52645-53-1 Chitin 1398-61-4
The leaching of metal from the treated wood is less for the present compositions than that observed from wood treated with non-micronized compositions.
A preferred metal is copper. Accordingly, in one embodiment, copper or copper compounds are used. The copper or copper compounds such as cuprous oxide (a source of copper (I) ions), cupric oxide (a source of copper (II) ions), copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate, copper oxychloride, copper 8-hydroxyquinolate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper omadine, copper borate, copper residues (copper metal byproducts) or any suitable copper source can be used as micronized particles having a particle size between 0.005 microns to 25 microns. These particles exhibit a relatively low solubility in water.
The micronized particles can be obtained by wetting/dispersing and grinding copper compounds using a commercially available grinding mill. Alternatively, the micronized copper compounds may also be purchased from commercial sources, which generally need to be ground further to be useful for wood preservation. For example, micronized copper hydroxide can be obtained from Phibro-Tech, Inc., Sumter, South Carolina and ground further for use in the present invention. Micronized cupric oxide can also be obtained from Nanophase Technologies Corporation, Romeoville, Illinois.
The copper source can be mixed with water with or without addition of a commercially available rheological additive such as a cellulosic derivative to form a finely dispersed suspension which can be mixed with a biocide to form a preservative system which is suitable to treat and protect wood from agents causing degradation. Other metals or metal compounds as well as transition metals or transition metal compounds (including the lanthanide and actinide series elements) such as tin, zinc, cadmium, silver, nickel, etc. and compounds thereof can be used in place of copper and copper compounds. The resulting metal dispersion or the metal biocide fluid dispersion are suitable for the preservation of wood and other cellulose-based materials.
The organic biocides useful in the present invention can be water soluble as well as water insoluble. Such organic biocides including fungicides, insecticides, moldicides, bactericides, algaecides etc. are well known to those skilled in the art and include azoles, quaternary ammonium compounds, borate compounds, fluoride compounds and combinations thereof.
Some non-limiting examples of water soluble biocides are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, dimethyldidecylammonium chloride, dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate/bicarbonate and the like.
Water insoluble organic biocides are also well known. Some non-limiting examples of water insoluble organic biocides are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Organic Biocides Useful for Wood Protection Name Formula and CAS#
Azoles:
Cyproconazole C15H18C1N3O: 94361-06-5 Propiconazole C15H17C12N3O2: 60207-90-1 Tebuconazole C16H22C1N3O: 107534-96-3 Busan (TCMTB) 2-(thiocyanatomethylthio) C9H6N2S3 : 21564-17-0 benzothiazole Chlorothalonil C8C14N2: 1897-45-6 Dichlofluanid C9H11C12FN2O2S2: 1085-98-9 Isothiazolone:
Kathon 930 C11H17Cl2NOS: 64359-81-5 Kathon WT C4H4C1NOS: 26172-55-4 Methylisothiazolinone C4H5NOS: 2682-20-4 Benzisothiazolin-3-one C7H5NOS: 2634-33-5 2-octyl-3-isothiazolone C11H19NOS: 26530-20-1 Imidacloprid C9H10C1N5O2: 138261-41-3 lodopropynyl Butylcarbamate C8H12lNO2: 55406-53-6 (IPBC) Pyrethroids:
Bifenthrin C23H22C1F3O2: 82657-04-3 Cypermethrin C22H19C12NO3: 52315-07-8 Permethrin C21HZ0C1203: 52645-53-1 Chitin 1398-61-4
6 Chitosan 9012-76-4 Clorpyrifos C9Hi 1 C13NO3PS: 2921-88-2 4-cumylphenol C15 H16 0: 599-64-4 Fipronil C12H4C12F6N4OS: 120068-37-3 Carbendazim C9H9N3O2: 10605-21-7 Cyfluthrin C22H1sC12FN03: 68359-37-5 4-alpha-Cumylphenol C15H160: 599-64-4 Other biocides such as insecticides, mold inhibitors, algaecides, bactericides and the like may also be added to the composition of the present invention.
The insoluble biocides can be micronized into particles of submicron size ranging from 0.005 micrometers to 25 micrometers using a grinding mill. The particles are dispersed in standard dispersants such as acrylic copolymers, aqueous solution of copolymers with pigment affinity groups, modified polyacrylate, acrylic polymer emulsions, modified lignin and the like.
In one embodiment, micronized metal or metal compounds such as a copper compound is mixed with an insoluble micronized organic biocide. The metal or metal compound and the insoluble biocide may be micronized separately and then mixed or may be mixed first and then micronized.
In another embodiment, the metal compound is water soluble. Example of a suitable water soluble metal compounds are copper sulfate, copper acetate and copper nitrate. In this embodiment, an aqueous solution of the copper compound is prepared and then a micronized dispersion of an organic biocide is added to it.
Non-biocidal products such as water repellants (such as wax emulsions), colorants, emulsifying agents, dispersants, stabilizers, UV inhibitors, enhancing agents (such as trialkylamine oxides and alkoxylated diamines) and the like may also be added to the composition disclosed herein to further enhance the performance of the system or the appearance and performance of the resulting treated products. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some of these agents may also have some biocidal properties.
The insoluble biocides can be micronized into particles of submicron size ranging from 0.005 micrometers to 25 micrometers using a grinding mill. The particles are dispersed in standard dispersants such as acrylic copolymers, aqueous solution of copolymers with pigment affinity groups, modified polyacrylate, acrylic polymer emulsions, modified lignin and the like.
In one embodiment, micronized metal or metal compounds such as a copper compound is mixed with an insoluble micronized organic biocide. The metal or metal compound and the insoluble biocide may be micronized separately and then mixed or may be mixed first and then micronized.
In another embodiment, the metal compound is water soluble. Example of a suitable water soluble metal compounds are copper sulfate, copper acetate and copper nitrate. In this embodiment, an aqueous solution of the copper compound is prepared and then a micronized dispersion of an organic biocide is added to it.
Non-biocidal products such as water repellants (such as wax emulsions), colorants, emulsifying agents, dispersants, stabilizers, UV inhibitors, enhancing agents (such as trialkylamine oxides and alkoxylated diamines) and the like may also be added to the composition disclosed herein to further enhance the performance of the system or the appearance and performance of the resulting treated products. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some of these agents may also have some biocidal properties.
7 The trialkylamine oxides have the following structure.
R1-i----O
where R1 is a linear or cyclic C8 to C40 saturated or unsaturated group and R2 and R3 independently are linear C1 to C40 saturated or unsaturated groups.
The alkoxylated diamines have the following structure:
H2CH(R3)O)cH
R4 N-(CH2)n-N
(CH2CH(R2)O)bH
(CH2CH(R1)O)aH
where n is an integer which can vary from 1 to 4, R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl, and a, b and c are each integers which can be 1 to 6, and R4 is fatty alkyl of C8 to C22.
When wood is treated with micronized wood preservatives formulations disclosed herein, metal leaching is reduced. For example, as shown in Figure 1A, when wood is treated with Cu-MEA composition the leaching of copper is about 12% and 24%
respectively for 0.1 pcf (pounds per cubic feet) copper and 0.2 pcf copper. In contrast when the wood is treated with a micronized composition of the present invention the leaching was only about 2% and 1% respectively for the 0.1 pcf copper and 0.2 pcf copper. Copper leaching was evaluated following the procedures described in American Wood Preservers' Association Standard Ell-97.
Similarly, Figure 1B is a comparison of copper leaching from wood treated with a commercial copper based formulation ACQ-Type D and micronized copper carbonate plus dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate/bicarbonate (quat) at preservative retentions of 0.25
R1-i----O
where R1 is a linear or cyclic C8 to C40 saturated or unsaturated group and R2 and R3 independently are linear C1 to C40 saturated or unsaturated groups.
The alkoxylated diamines have the following structure:
H2CH(R3)O)cH
R4 N-(CH2)n-N
(CH2CH(R2)O)bH
(CH2CH(R1)O)aH
where n is an integer which can vary from 1 to 4, R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl, and a, b and c are each integers which can be 1 to 6, and R4 is fatty alkyl of C8 to C22.
When wood is treated with micronized wood preservatives formulations disclosed herein, metal leaching is reduced. For example, as shown in Figure 1A, when wood is treated with Cu-MEA composition the leaching of copper is about 12% and 24%
respectively for 0.1 pcf (pounds per cubic feet) copper and 0.2 pcf copper. In contrast when the wood is treated with a micronized composition of the present invention the leaching was only about 2% and 1% respectively for the 0.1 pcf copper and 0.2 pcf copper. Copper leaching was evaluated following the procedures described in American Wood Preservers' Association Standard Ell-97.
Similarly, Figure 1B is a comparison of copper leaching from wood treated with a commercial copper based formulation ACQ-Type D and micronized copper carbonate plus dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate/bicarbonate (quat) at preservative retentions of 0.25
8 pcf and 0.40pcf. The leaching test was conducted following the procedure described in AWPA Standard El 1-97 "Standard Method of Determining the Leachability of Wood Preservatives". It can be seen that wood treated with micronized copper carbonate based formulation demonstrated much greater copper leaching resistance than the wood treated with the commercially available preservative Ammoniacal Copper Quat (ACQ)-Type D.
Also important is the penetration of the dispersion formulation into the wood's or other cellulose-based material's cellular structure. If the copper source used in formulating the dispersion formulation disclosed herein has a particle size in excess of 25 microns, the particles may be filtered by the surface of the wood and thus may not be uniformly distributed within the cell and cell wall. As shown in Figure 2, the primary entry and movement of fluids through wood tissue occurs primarily through the tracheids and border pits. Tracheids have a diameter of about thirty microns. Fluids are transferred between wood cells by means of border pits.
The overall diameter of the border pit chambers typically varies from a several microns up to thirty microns while, the diameter of the pit openings (via the microfibrils) typically varies from several hundredths of 'a micron to several microns.
Figure 3 depicts the border pit structure for coniferous woods.
When wood is treated with micronized preservative formulation, if the particle size of the micronized preservative is less than the diameter of the pit openings, a complete penetration and a uniform distribution of micronized preservative in wood is expected.
Figure 4A depicts the complete copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper hydroxide according to AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants". A uniform blue was observed indicating the presence of copper. Figure 4B depicts the complete copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper carbonate plus quat. Again, a uniform blue color was observed indicating the presence of copper. The determination of copper penetration was conducted following the procedures described in AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants". Figure 5 depicts the uniform particle distribution of cupric oxide through the cells of the wood treated with micronized CuO through the observation of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The particles were confirmed to be copper compounds by the use of SEM-Energy Dispersed X-ray Analysis (EDXA).
Also important is the penetration of the dispersion formulation into the wood's or other cellulose-based material's cellular structure. If the copper source used in formulating the dispersion formulation disclosed herein has a particle size in excess of 25 microns, the particles may be filtered by the surface of the wood and thus may not be uniformly distributed within the cell and cell wall. As shown in Figure 2, the primary entry and movement of fluids through wood tissue occurs primarily through the tracheids and border pits. Tracheids have a diameter of about thirty microns. Fluids are transferred between wood cells by means of border pits.
The overall diameter of the border pit chambers typically varies from a several microns up to thirty microns while, the diameter of the pit openings (via the microfibrils) typically varies from several hundredths of 'a micron to several microns.
Figure 3 depicts the border pit structure for coniferous woods.
When wood is treated with micronized preservative formulation, if the particle size of the micronized preservative is less than the diameter of the pit openings, a complete penetration and a uniform distribution of micronized preservative in wood is expected.
Figure 4A depicts the complete copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper hydroxide according to AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants". A uniform blue was observed indicating the presence of copper. Figure 4B depicts the complete copper penetration in wood treated with micronized copper carbonate plus quat. Again, a uniform blue color was observed indicating the presence of copper. The determination of copper penetration was conducted following the procedures described in AWPA Standard A3-00 "Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants". Figure 5 depicts the uniform particle distribution of cupric oxide through the cells of the wood treated with micronized CuO through the observation of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The particles were confirmed to be copper compounds by the use of SEM-Energy Dispersed X-ray Analysis (EDXA).
9 Particle size of the metal, metal compounds or organic biocide used in the dispersion formulation disclosed herein typically does not exceed 30 microns or the metal and or organic biocide used in conjunction with the metal tends to be filtered by the surface of the wood thus not attaining a desired penetration and fluid flow through the wood tissue. In one embodiment particle size of the micronized particles used in the dispersion formulation disclosed herein can be between 0.005-10 microns. In another embodiment, the particle size is between 0.005 to 1.0 micron. In another embodiment, the particle size is between 0.05 to
10.0 microns. If a more uniform penetration is desired, particle size of the metal/metal compounds or the organic biocide used in the dispersion formulation disclosed herein can be between 0.05-1.0 microns.
The present invention also provides a method for preservation of wood. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of treating wood with a composition (treating fluid) comprising a dispersion of water insoluble micronized metal and/or metal compounds.
In another embodiment, wood is treated with a composition comprising a dispersion of micronized metal and/or metal compounds and organic biocides, wherein the organic biocides. are soluble or present as water insoluble micronized particles. The size of the micronized particles for the metal/metal compounds and organic biocide is between 0.005 to microns, preferably between 0.005 to 10 microns, more preferably between 0.05 to 10 micron and even more preferably between 0.05 to 1.0 microns. In another embodiment, the 20 wood is treated with a composition comprising soluble metal compounds and micronized organic biocides.
The treating fluid may be applied to wood by dipping, soaking, spraying, brushing, or any other means well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, vacuum and/or pressure techniques are used to impregnate the wood in accord with this invention including the 25 standard processes, such as the "Empty Cell" process, the "Modified Full Cell" process and the "Full Cell" process, and any other vacuum and /or pressure processes which are well known to those skilled in the art.
The standard processes are defined as described in AWPA Standard C1-03 "All Timber Products - Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes". In the "Empty Cell"
process, prior to the introduction of preservative, materials are subjected to atmospheric air pressure (Lowry) or to higher air pressures (Rueping) of the necessary intensity and duration.
In the "Modified Full Cell", prior to introduction of preservative, materials are subjected to a vacuum of less than 77kPa (22 inch Hg) (sea level equivalent). A final vacuum of not less than 77 kPa (22 inch Hg) (sea level equivalent) shall be used. In the "Full Cell Process", prior to introduction of preservative or during any period of condition prior to treatment, materials are subjected to a vacuum of not less than 77kPa (22 inch Hg). A
final vacuum of not less than 77 kPa (22 inch Hg) is used.
The following examples are provided to further describe certain embodiments of the invention but are in no way meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples 1 through 5 demonstrate the formulation of the concentrated dispersions of copper compounds and the concentrated dispersions of copper compounds comprising various organic biocides.
Examples 6 through 14 demonstrate the preparation of treating fluids using concentrated dispersions for the treatment of wood.
Example 1 500g of copper hydroxide were added to a container containing 1091.7 grams of water and 75.0 grams of commercially available dispersants/wetting agents. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 5 minutes and then placed in a grinding mill. The sample was 'ground for about 30 minutes, and a stable dispersion containing about 30%
copper hydroxide was obtained. The particle size of the copper hydroxide dispersion was analyzed by Horiba LA-910 Particle Size Distribution Analyzer (PSDA). The average particle size was 0.195 micrometers (um) with a distribution range of 0.04 um to 1.5 um.
Example 2 1000 grams of basic copper carbonate was mixed with 2158.3 grams of water and 175.0 grams of commercially available wetting agents/dispersants. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was then placed in a grinding mill and ground for about 20 minutes. A stable dispersion was obtained with an average particle size of 0.199 micrometers.
Example 3 1000 grams of basic copper carbonate and 20 grams of tebuconazole were mixed with 3780 grams of water and 200 grams of wetting agents/dispersants. The mixture was mechanically stirred for about 10 minutes. The mixture was then placed in a grinding mill and ground for about 30 minutes. A stable dispersion containing 25% basic copper carbonate and 0.5% tebuconazole was obtained with an average particle size of 0.200 micrometers.
The present invention also provides a method for preservation of wood. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of treating wood with a composition (treating fluid) comprising a dispersion of water insoluble micronized metal and/or metal compounds.
In another embodiment, wood is treated with a composition comprising a dispersion of micronized metal and/or metal compounds and organic biocides, wherein the organic biocides. are soluble or present as water insoluble micronized particles. The size of the micronized particles for the metal/metal compounds and organic biocide is between 0.005 to microns, preferably between 0.005 to 10 microns, more preferably between 0.05 to 10 micron and even more preferably between 0.05 to 1.0 microns. In another embodiment, the 20 wood is treated with a composition comprising soluble metal compounds and micronized organic biocides.
The treating fluid may be applied to wood by dipping, soaking, spraying, brushing, or any other means well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, vacuum and/or pressure techniques are used to impregnate the wood in accord with this invention including the 25 standard processes, such as the "Empty Cell" process, the "Modified Full Cell" process and the "Full Cell" process, and any other vacuum and /or pressure processes which are well known to those skilled in the art.
The standard processes are defined as described in AWPA Standard C1-03 "All Timber Products - Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes". In the "Empty Cell"
process, prior to the introduction of preservative, materials are subjected to atmospheric air pressure (Lowry) or to higher air pressures (Rueping) of the necessary intensity and duration.
In the "Modified Full Cell", prior to introduction of preservative, materials are subjected to a vacuum of less than 77kPa (22 inch Hg) (sea level equivalent). A final vacuum of not less than 77 kPa (22 inch Hg) (sea level equivalent) shall be used. In the "Full Cell Process", prior to introduction of preservative or during any period of condition prior to treatment, materials are subjected to a vacuum of not less than 77kPa (22 inch Hg). A
final vacuum of not less than 77 kPa (22 inch Hg) is used.
The following examples are provided to further describe certain embodiments of the invention but are in no way meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples 1 through 5 demonstrate the formulation of the concentrated dispersions of copper compounds and the concentrated dispersions of copper compounds comprising various organic biocides.
Examples 6 through 14 demonstrate the preparation of treating fluids using concentrated dispersions for the treatment of wood.
Example 1 500g of copper hydroxide were added to a container containing 1091.7 grams of water and 75.0 grams of commercially available dispersants/wetting agents. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 5 minutes and then placed in a grinding mill. The sample was 'ground for about 30 minutes, and a stable dispersion containing about 30%
copper hydroxide was obtained. The particle size of the copper hydroxide dispersion was analyzed by Horiba LA-910 Particle Size Distribution Analyzer (PSDA). The average particle size was 0.195 micrometers (um) with a distribution range of 0.04 um to 1.5 um.
Example 2 1000 grams of basic copper carbonate was mixed with 2158.3 grams of water and 175.0 grams of commercially available wetting agents/dispersants. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was then placed in a grinding mill and ground for about 20 minutes. A stable dispersion was obtained with an average particle size of 0.199 micrometers.
Example 3 1000 grams of basic copper carbonate and 20 grams of tebuconazole were mixed with 3780 grams of water and 200 grams of wetting agents/dispersants. The mixture was mechanically stirred for about 10 minutes. The mixture was then placed in a grinding mill and ground for about 30 minutes. A stable dispersion containing 25% basic copper carbonate and 0.5% tebuconazole was obtained with an average particle size of 0.200 micrometers.
11 Example 4 300 grams of copper 8-hydroxyquinolate (Cu-8) were mixed with 855 grams of water and 45 grams of dispersants. The mixture was mechanically mixed for about 5 minutes and placed in a grinding mill. The mixture was ground for about 30 minutes and a stable dispersion containing 25% Cu-8 was obtained with an average particle size of 0.282 micrometers.
Example 5 A stable cupric oxide (CuO) dispersion containing about 30% CuO was supplied by Nanophase Technologies, Inc. The average particle size was about 0.1 micrometers. This can be mixed with organic soluble or micronized biocides.
Example 6 38.5g of cupric hydroxide dispersion from Example 1 was mixed with 7.5g of N, N-dimethyl-1-dodecylamine-N-oxide (AO) and 2954.Og of water to produce a preservative treating fluid containing 0.385% cupric hydroxide and 0.25% AO. The fluid was then used to treat 2" x 4" x 10" samples of southern pine sapwood, and sealed with epoxy resin, using an initial vacuum of 28" Hg for 15 minutes, followed by a pressure cycle of 135 psi for 25 minutes and a final vacuum of 27" Hg for 10 minutes. The resulting treated wood was weighed and found to have doubled its weight. The treated sample was cut and the cross sections sprayed with a copper indicator to determine copper penetration following the procedure described in American Wood Preservers' Association Standard A3-00, and the blue color indicates the presence of copper. The sample was found to have 100%
uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross section as in Figure 4A. As a comparison, Figure 4A also showed the cross section of untreated wood.
Example 5 A stable cupric oxide (CuO) dispersion containing about 30% CuO was supplied by Nanophase Technologies, Inc. The average particle size was about 0.1 micrometers. This can be mixed with organic soluble or micronized biocides.
Example 6 38.5g of cupric hydroxide dispersion from Example 1 was mixed with 7.5g of N, N-dimethyl-1-dodecylamine-N-oxide (AO) and 2954.Og of water to produce a preservative treating fluid containing 0.385% cupric hydroxide and 0.25% AO. The fluid was then used to treat 2" x 4" x 10" samples of southern pine sapwood, and sealed with epoxy resin, using an initial vacuum of 28" Hg for 15 minutes, followed by a pressure cycle of 135 psi for 25 minutes and a final vacuum of 27" Hg for 10 minutes. The resulting treated wood was weighed and found to have doubled its weight. The treated sample was cut and the cross sections sprayed with a copper indicator to determine copper penetration following the procedure described in American Wood Preservers' Association Standard A3-00, and the blue color indicates the presence of copper. The sample was found to have 100%
uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross section as in Figure 4A. As a comparison, Figure 4A also showed the cross section of untreated wood.
12 Example 7 50.Og CuO dispersion from Example 5 were mixed with 2942.5g of water and 7.5g of didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The product was mixed until uniformly dispersed and the treating solution containing the following compositions was obtained:
Components Percent Cupric Oxide 0.50 idecyldimethylanunonium Chloride 0.25 A southern pine stake measuring 1.5" x 3.5" x 10" was placed in a laboratory retort with a vacuum of 27" Hg for 15 minutes. The treating solution was then pumped into the retort and the retort pressurized to 130 psi for 30 minutes. The solution was drained from the retort and the test stake weighed. Based on the weight pickup, the test stake doubled its weight and showed uniform penetration of the cupric oxide throughout the wood cross section. A sample taken from the center portion of the treated wood was submitted for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the SEM result indicated the uniform particle distribution in wood as shown in Figure 5.
Example 8 4000g of treating fluid containing 0.31% of cupric oxide and 0.16%
didecyldimethylammonium carbonate were prepared by mixing CuO dispersion from Example 5 and didecyldimethylammonium carbonate. The fluid was used to treat 2" x 4" x 10" southern pine samples by placing the samples in a chamber and drawing a 27" Hg vacuum for 10 minutes. The treating fluid was then drawn into the chamber and allowed to stay in contact with the wood cubes for 15 minutes. The fluid was pumped from the chamber and the resulting wood had more than doubled its weight. Cross sections of the cubes showed 100% copper penetration.
Example 9 A preservative treating formulation was prepared by adding 0.15kg of copper carbonate dispersion from Example 2 to 0.025 kg of N, N-dimethyl-l-hexadecylamine-N-oxide and 4.825 kg of water. This fluid was allowed to mix until a homogenous fluid was prepared. This fluid was used to treat southern pine test stakes measuring 0.156 x 1.5 x 10.0 inchs (4 x 38 x 254 mm) by the full-cell process. The resulting stakes showed a uniform
Components Percent Cupric Oxide 0.50 idecyldimethylanunonium Chloride 0.25 A southern pine stake measuring 1.5" x 3.5" x 10" was placed in a laboratory retort with a vacuum of 27" Hg for 15 minutes. The treating solution was then pumped into the retort and the retort pressurized to 130 psi for 30 minutes. The solution was drained from the retort and the test stake weighed. Based on the weight pickup, the test stake doubled its weight and showed uniform penetration of the cupric oxide throughout the wood cross section. A sample taken from the center portion of the treated wood was submitted for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the SEM result indicated the uniform particle distribution in wood as shown in Figure 5.
Example 8 4000g of treating fluid containing 0.31% of cupric oxide and 0.16%
didecyldimethylammonium carbonate were prepared by mixing CuO dispersion from Example 5 and didecyldimethylammonium carbonate. The fluid was used to treat 2" x 4" x 10" southern pine samples by placing the samples in a chamber and drawing a 27" Hg vacuum for 10 minutes. The treating fluid was then drawn into the chamber and allowed to stay in contact with the wood cubes for 15 minutes. The fluid was pumped from the chamber and the resulting wood had more than doubled its weight. Cross sections of the cubes showed 100% copper penetration.
Example 9 A preservative treating formulation was prepared by adding 0.15kg of copper carbonate dispersion from Example 2 to 0.025 kg of N, N-dimethyl-l-hexadecylamine-N-oxide and 4.825 kg of water. This fluid was allowed to mix until a homogenous fluid was prepared. This fluid was used to treat southern pine test stakes measuring 0.156 x 1.5 x 10.0 inchs (4 x 38 x 254 mm) by the full-cell process. The resulting stakes showed a uniform
13 distribution of copper throughout the wood cells. The treated test stakes were installed in the field to evaluate the field performance of the preservative following the procedure described in AWPA Standard E7-01 "Standard Method of Evaluating Wood Preservatives by Field Tests with Stakes". The test results indicated that the treated stakes were resistant to decay and insect attack. The fluid was also used to treat southern pine wood cube blocks measuring 3/4" x 3/4" x 3/4" (19mm x 19mm x 19mm). The treated cubes were exposed to several test fungi to evaluate the bio-efficacy of the preservative formulation following the procedure described in AWPA Standard E10-O1 "Standard Method of Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures". Upon the completion of the soil-block test, the cubes were found to have less than 2.0% weight loss, indicating essentially no fungal attack to the treated cubes. In comparison, untreated wood cubes had approximately 50% weight loss after being exposed to the test fungi. The soil block test results indicated wood treated the above preservative formulation was resistant to fungal attack.
Example 10 A preservative treating composition was prepared by adding 0.1 kg of dispersion from Example 3 to 4.9 kg of water. The resulting fluid contained 0.50% copper carbonate and 0.01% tebuconazole. This fluid was then used to treat full-size lumber using the full-cell process wherein the wood is initially placed under a vacuum of 30" Hg for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of the treating solution. The system was then pressurized for 30 minutes at 110 psi. A final vacuum of 28" Hg for 30 minutes was applied to the wood to remove residual liquid. The wood was found to contain a uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross sections and is resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Example 11 54g of dispersion from Example 3 and 7.5g of N, N-dimethyl-1-hexadecylamine-N-oxide (AO) were mixed with 2938.5 grams of water to obtain a preservative treating fluid containing 0.45% carbonate, 0.009% tebuconazole and 0.25% AO. The resulting fluid was used to treat red pine lumber using a modified full-cell process. The resulting stakes were air-dried and found to a uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross sections and were resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Example 12
Example 10 A preservative treating composition was prepared by adding 0.1 kg of dispersion from Example 3 to 4.9 kg of water. The resulting fluid contained 0.50% copper carbonate and 0.01% tebuconazole. This fluid was then used to treat full-size lumber using the full-cell process wherein the wood is initially placed under a vacuum of 30" Hg for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of the treating solution. The system was then pressurized for 30 minutes at 110 psi. A final vacuum of 28" Hg for 30 minutes was applied to the wood to remove residual liquid. The wood was found to contain a uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross sections and is resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Example 11 54g of dispersion from Example 3 and 7.5g of N, N-dimethyl-1-hexadecylamine-N-oxide (AO) were mixed with 2938.5 grams of water to obtain a preservative treating fluid containing 0.45% carbonate, 0.009% tebuconazole and 0.25% AO. The resulting fluid was used to treat red pine lumber using a modified full-cell process. The resulting stakes were air-dried and found to a uniform distribution of copper throughout the cross sections and were resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Example 12
14 A preservative treating fluid was prepared by adding 16.0 g of Cu 8-hydroxyquinolate (Cu-8) dispersion from Example 4 to 3984.0 g of water. The resulting fluid contained 0.1%
Cu-8. The fluid was used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process. The treated stakes were oven dried and found to contain a uniform distribution of particles throughout the cross sections and were resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Exam lip e 13 A preservative treating fluid was prepared by mixing 175g concentrated dispersion containing 20% copper carbonate and 0.5% cyproconazole with 3325.Og water. The resulting solution contained 1.0% copper carbonate and 0.025% cyproconazole and was used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process. The treated stakes were oven dried and found to contain a uniform distribution of copper and cyproconazole throughout the cross sections and were resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Example 14 A preservative treating fluid can be prepared by mixing copper sulfate solution and micronized cyproconazole at a concentration of 0.25% Cu and 0.01%
cyproconazole. The resulting fluid can be used to treat lumber using a full cell process. The treated sample can be air-dried for two weeks and tested for resistance to fungal and termite attack.
Although specific embodiments have been described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that routine modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Cu-8. The fluid was used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process. The treated stakes were oven dried and found to contain a uniform distribution of particles throughout the cross sections and were resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Exam lip e 13 A preservative treating fluid was prepared by mixing 175g concentrated dispersion containing 20% copper carbonate and 0.5% cyproconazole with 3325.Og water. The resulting solution contained 1.0% copper carbonate and 0.025% cyproconazole and was used to treat southern pine lumber using a full cell process. The treated stakes were oven dried and found to contain a uniform distribution of copper and cyproconazole throughout the cross sections and were resistant to fungal and insect attack.
Example 14 A preservative treating fluid can be prepared by mixing copper sulfate solution and micronized cyproconazole at a concentration of 0.25% Cu and 0.01%
cyproconazole. The resulting fluid can be used to treat lumber using a full cell process. The treated sample can be air-dried for two weeks and tested for resistance to fungal and termite attack.
Although specific embodiments have been described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that routine modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (27)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An aqueous wood preservative composition comprising:
a) a dispersion in water of particles between 0.005 to 25 microns of a copper compound selected from the group consisting of copper carbonate, and basic copper carbonate; and b) one or more dispersants; and/or one or more alkoxylated diamines or trialkylamine oxides.
a) a dispersion in water of particles between 0.005 to 25 microns of a copper compound selected from the group consisting of copper carbonate, and basic copper carbonate; and b) one or more dispersants; and/or one or more alkoxylated diamines or trialkylamine oxides.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the trialkylamine oxide has the following structure:
where R1 is a linear or cyclic C8 to C40 saturated or unsaturated group and R2 and R3 independently are linear C1 to C40 saturated or unsaturated groups.
where R1 is a linear or cyclic C8 to C40 saturated or unsaturated group and R2 and R3 independently are linear C1 to C40 saturated or unsaturated groups.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated diamine has the following structure:
where n is an integer which can vary from 1 to 4; R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl; a, b and c are each integers from 1 to 6; and R4 is fatty alkyl of C8 to C22.
where n is an integer which can vary from 1 to 4; R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl; a, b and c are each integers from 1 to 6; and R4 is fatty alkyl of C8 to C22.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the particles are micronized by milling.
5. An aqueous wood preservative composition comprising:
a) a dispersion in water of particles between 0.005 to 25 microns of a copper compound selected from the group consisting of copper 8-hydroxyquinolate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper omadine and copper borate; and b) one or more dispersants; and/or one or more alkoxylated diamines or trialkylamine oxides.
a) a dispersion in water of particles between 0.005 to 25 microns of a copper compound selected from the group consisting of copper 8-hydroxyquinolate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper omadine and copper borate; and b) one or more dispersants; and/or one or more alkoxylated diamines or trialkylamine oxides.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the trialkylamine oxide has the following structure:
where R is a linear or cyclic C8 to C40 saturated or unsaturated group and R2 and R3 independently are linear C1 to C40 saturated or unsaturated groups.
where R is a linear or cyclic C8 to C40 saturated or unsaturated group and R2 and R3 independently are linear C1 to C40 saturated or unsaturated groups.
7. The composition of claim 5 wherein the alkoxylated diamine has the following structure:
where n is an integer which can vary from 1 to 4; R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl; a, b and c are each integers from 1 to 6; and R4 is fatty alkyl of C8 to C22.
where n is an integer which can vary from 1 to 4; R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and phenyl; a, b and c are each integers from 1 to 6; and R4 is fatty alkyl of C8 to C22.
8. The composition of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the particles are micronized by milling.
9. The composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the composition further comprises an organic biocide.
10. A method for preserving a wood product comprising contacting the wood product with a wood preservative composition comprising a dispersion in water of a copper compound with a particle size of between 0.005 and 25 microns, wherein the copper particles of the copper compound are distributed throughout the wood product.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising an organic biocide.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the organic biocide is tebuconazole.
13. The method of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the method renders the wood product resistant to frugal decay.
14. A method for preserving a wood product comprising contacting the wood product with a wood preservative composition comprising: (a) a dispersion in water of particles of a copper compound of between 0.005 and 25 microns and (b) one or more organic biocides, wherein the particles of the copper compound are distributed throughout the wood product.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the copper compound is copper carbonate or basic copper carbonate and the organic biocide is dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the copper compound is copper carbonate or basic copper carbonate and the organic biocide is tebuconazole.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the particles have a size of between 0.005 microns to 10 microns.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the particles have a size of between 0.05 microns to microns.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the particles have a size of between 0.05 microns to 1.0 microns.
21. The method of any one of claims 10-19, wherein contacting the wood product is carried out by vacuum and/or pressure treatment.
21. The method of any one of claims 10-20, wherein the wood product is lumber.
22. The method of any one of claims 10-14 and 16-21, wherein the composition further comprises a quaternary ammonium compound.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the quaternary ammonium compound is alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, dimethyldidecylammonium chloride, dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate, or dimethyldidecylammonium bicarbonate.
24. The method of any one of claims 14-23, wherein the method renders the wood product resistant to fungal decay.
25. The method of any one of claims 10-24, wherein the copper compound is micronized by milling.
26. The method of any one of claims 10-25, wherein the copper compound is uniformly distributed throughout a cross-section of the wood product.
27. The method of any one of claims 10-26, wherein the copper leaching is reduced as compared to wood product treated with a copper monoethanolamine complex.
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- 2004-04-09 KR KR1020057019300A patent/KR101110669B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-09 WO PCT/US2004/011065 patent/WO2004091875A2/en active Application Filing
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