CA2528412A1 - Toner compositions - Google Patents

Toner compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2528412A1
CA2528412A1 CA002528412A CA2528412A CA2528412A1 CA 2528412 A1 CA2528412 A1 CA 2528412A1 CA 002528412 A CA002528412 A CA 002528412A CA 2528412 A CA2528412 A CA 2528412A CA 2528412 A1 CA2528412 A1 CA 2528412A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
accordance
titanium dioxide
composition
developer
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002528412A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2528412C (en
Inventor
Maria N V. Mcdougall
Richard P.N. Veregin
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of CA2528412A1 publication Critical patent/CA2528412A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2528412C publication Critical patent/CA2528412C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09783—Organo-metallic compounds
    • G03G9/09791—Metallic soaps of higher carboxylic acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
    • G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
    • G03G9/0823—Electric parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08724—Polyvinylesters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08728—Polymers of esters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08791—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by the presence of specified groups or side chains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
    • G03G9/09716—Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
    • G03G9/09725—Silicon-oxides; Silicates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09783—Organo-metallic compounds

Abstract

A toner composition comprising a binder, colorant, and a charge control surface additive mixture comprising a mixture of a first titanium dioxide possessing a first conductivity and a second titanium dioxide possessing a second conductivity and which second conductivity is dissimilar than the first conductivity; wherein the mixture of the first titanium dioxide and the second titanium dioxide is selected in a ratio sufficient to impart a selected triboelectric charging characteristic to the toner composition.

Claims (61)

1. A composition comprising a binder, colorant, and a charge control surface additive mixture comprising a mixture of a first titanium dioxide possessing a first conductivity and a second titanium dioxide possessing a second conductivity and which second conductivity is dissimilar than the first conductivity;
wherein the mixture of the first titanium dioxide and the second titanium dioxide is selected in a ratio sufficient to impart a selected triboelectric charging characteristic to the toner composition.
2. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first titanium dioxide is insulative and the second titanium dioxide is moderately conductive.
3. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first titanium dioxide is an insulative titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of less than or equal to about 10E-15 S/cm, less than or equal to about 10E-14 S/Cm, or less than or equal to about 10E-11 S/Cm.
4. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first titanium dioxide is an insulative titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of about 10E-11 S/cm to about 10E-15 S/cm.
5. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second titanium dioxide is a moderately conductive titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of from about 10E-6 to about 10E-12 S/cm, from about 10E-7 to about 10E-10 S/cm, or from about 10E-8 to about 10E-9 S/cm.
6. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second titanium dioxide is a moderately conductive titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of from about 10E-7 to about 10E-10 S/cm.
7. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
silica dioxide.
8. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
a metal salt of a fatty acid.
9. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
zinc stearate.
10. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the toner is moderately conductive.
11. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the toner possesses a conductivity of from about 10E-12 S/cm to about 10E-16 S/cm, from about 10E-10 S/cm to about 10E-14 S/cm, or from about 10E-8 S/cm to about 10E-10 S/cm.
12. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the toner possesses a conductivity of from about 10E-8 S/cm to about 10E-10 S/cm.
13. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
at least one hydrophobic silica optionally present in an amount of from about 1 percent to about 6 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the toner particles.
14. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
at least one hydrophobic silica surface treated with a material selected from the group consisting of a silane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyl polysiloxane, hexamethyldisilazine, amino-silane, and amine.
15. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second titanium dioxide is surface treated with a silane.
16. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second titanium dioxide is surface treated with a decylsilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyl polysiloxane, hexamethyldisilazine, amino silane, i-butyltrimethoxy silane, silicone oil or mixtures thereof.
17. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first titanium dioxide and the second titanium dioxide comprise titanium dioxide particles having an average primary particle diameter of at least about 10 manometers to about 100 manometers.
18. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture comprises from about 8% to about 3% or from about 6% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, of the first titanium dioxide; and further wherein the additive mixture comprises from about 1% to about 4.5% or from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, by weight of the composition, of the second titanium dioxide.
19. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the toner is generated by emulsion aggregation processes.
20. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the colorant is a pigment, a dye, a mixture of pigments, a mixture of dyes, or a combination thereof.
21. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the colorant is carbon black, cyan, magenta, yellow, blue, or mixtures thereof.
22. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, thermoplastic resins, polyolefins, styrene acrylate, styrene butadienes, cross-linked styrene polymers, epoxies, polyurethanes, vinyl resins, polymeric esterificatin products of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol comprising a phenol, and copolymers and mixtures thereof.
23. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
24. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additive mixture is present in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 8% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
25. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the binder is present in an amount of from about 50% by weight to about 98% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
26. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the binder is present in an amount of from about 75 percent by weight to about 95 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
27. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 25% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
28. The composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
29. A developer comprising:
the composition of claim 1; and a carrier.
30. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the developer has a toner charge to mass ratio of from about -60 to about -10 µC/g, from about -30 to about -20 µC/g, or from about -25 to about -15 µC/g.
31. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein a concentration of the toner of the developer is from about 10 percent to about percent.
32. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the first titanium dioxide is insulative and the second titanium dioxide is moderately conductive.
33. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the first titanium dioxide is an insulative titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of less than or equal to about 10E-15 S/cm, less than or equal to about 10E-14 S/Cm, or less than or equal to about 10E-11 S/Cm.
34. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the first titanium dioxide is an insulative titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of about 10E-11 S/cm to about 10E-15 S/cm.
35. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the second titanium dioxide is a moderately conductive titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of from about 10E-6 to about 10E-12 S/cm, from about 10E-7 to about 10E-10 S/cm, or from about 10E-8 to about 10E-9 S/cm.
36. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the second titanium dioxide is a moderately conductive titanium dioxide possessing an average bulk conductivity of from about 10E-7 to about 10E-10 S/cm.
37. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture comprised of a mixture of a first titanium dioxide and a second titanium dioxide is prepared with a ratio of the first titanium dioxide to the second titanium dioxide that is selected based upon a determined charging effect that the carrier of the developer imparts to the toner at a selected concentration of toner to carrier.
38. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture comprises from about 8% to about 3% or from about 6% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, of the first titanium dioxide; and further wherein the additive mixture comprises from about 1% to about 4.5% or from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, by weight of the composition, of the second titanium dioxide.
39. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
40. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture is present in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 8% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
41. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the binder is present in an amount of from about 50% by weight to about 98% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
42. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the binder is present in an amount of from about 75% by weight to about 95% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
43. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 25% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
44. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 1 by weight to about 15% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
45. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the carrier is a coated carrier.
46. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the carrier is a coated carrier having a coating selected from the group consisting of polymers, mixture of polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, acrylate polymers, methacrylate polymers, silicone polymers, polyurethanes, conductive components, carbon black, or a combination thereof.
47. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
silica dioxide.
48. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
a metal salt of a fatty acid.
49. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
zinc stearate.
50. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
at least one hydrophobic silica optionally present in an amount of from about 1 percent to about 6 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the toner.
51. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the additive mixture further comprises:
at least one hydrophobic silica surface treated with a material selected from the group consisting of a silane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyl polysiloxane, hexamethyldisilazine, amino-silane, and amine.
52. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the second titanium dioxide is surface treated with a silane.
53. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the second titanium dioxide is surface treated with a decylsilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyl polysiloxane, hexamethyldisilazine, amino silane, i-butyltrimethoxy silane, silicone oil or mixtures thereof.
54. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the first titanium dioxide and the second titanium dioxide comprise titanium dioxide particles having an average primary particle diameter of at least about 10 nanometers to about 100 nanometers.
55. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the toner is generated by emulsion aggregation processes.
56. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the colorant is a pigment, a dye, a mixture of pigments, a mixture of dyes, or a combination thereof.
57. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the colorant is carbon black, cyan, magenta, yellow, blue, or mixtures thereof.
58. The developer in accordance with claim 29, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, thermoplastic resins, polyolefins, styrene acrylate, styrene butadienes, cross-linked styrene polymers, epoxies, polyurethanes, vinyl resins, polymeric esterificatin products of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol comprising a phenol, and copolymers and mixtures thereof.
59. A toner process comprising:
forming toner particles comprised of polymer binder and colorant; and incorporating a charge control surface additive mixture comprising a mixture of a first titanium dioxide possessing a first conductivity and a second titanium dioxide possessing a second conductivity and which second conductivity is dissimilar than the first conductivity;
wherein the mixture of the first titanium dioxide and the second titanium dioxide is selected in a ratio sufficient to impart a selected triboelectric charging characteristic to the toner composition.
60. The method in accordance with claim 59, wherein forming toner particles is by an emulsion aggregation process.
61. A method for preparing a developer comprising:
determining a charging effect a carrier imparts to a toner at a selected concentration of toner to carrier;
preparing a charge control surface additive mixture comprising a first titanium dioxide possessing a first conductivity and a second titanium dioxide possessing a second conductivity and which second conductivity is dissimilar than the first conductivity, wherein a ratio of the first titanium dioxide to the second titanium dioxide is selected based upon the determined charging effect;
incorporating the additive mixture onto the toner; and mixing the toner and the carrier.
CA2528412A 2004-12-03 2005-11-25 Toner compositions Active CA2528412C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/003,256 US7300734B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2004-12-03 Toner compositions
US11/003,256 2004-12-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2528412A1 true CA2528412A1 (en) 2006-06-03
CA2528412C CA2528412C (en) 2011-02-15

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US (1) US7300734B2 (en)
JP (1) JP4738151B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2528412C (en)

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US7300734B2 (en) 2007-11-27
US20060121381A1 (en) 2006-06-08
JP2006163395A (en) 2006-06-22
CA2528412C (en) 2011-02-15
JP4738151B2 (en) 2011-08-03

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