CA2535735A1 - Drive device - Google Patents

Abstract

A drive device (310) includes a recording/reproducing unit (314) and a drive control unit (311). The drive control unit (311) compares the physical address corresponding to the logical address contained in the recording instruction to the nest recording-enabled address. When the physical address corresponding to the logical address contained in the recording instruction is smaller than the next recording-enabled address, the drive control unit (311) controls the recording/reproducing unit (314) to record data at a particular position in the user data area which is other than the position indicated by the physical address corresponding to thelogical address contained in the recording instruction. When the physical address corresponding to the logical address contained in the recording instruction is identical to the next recording-enabled address, the drive control unit (311) controls the recording/reproducing unit (314) to record data at a position indicated by the physical address corresponding to the logical address contained in the recording instruction.

Description

P$815~
DEBCRIP~ION
DRIVE APPARATUS
TECkINICAL FIELD
The present ~.nvention relates to a drive apparatus for reeordir~g data in are information recording med~.um and fvr reproducing the data recorded in the information recording medium.
BACKGRQUND ART
Recently, various types of information recording i ' mediums are used to record digital data. l~'or exanxple, a , rewritable opt3,cal disc or a write-once optical disc is used.
In the re'arita'~1e optical disc, data can be rewritten repeatedly at the same location. Zn the write-once optical disc, data can be written only onc~d at the sam$ location, wh~.le it is inexpensive.
As an example of rewritabl,e optical di$cs, there ere i DVD-RAM discsm and BD-R8 ( Bl.u-ray Disc Rewritabl$ ) discs and the like. , a~
As an example of write-once optical discs, there era , DVD-R d~.sos and BD-R (B1u-say Disrs Recordabla) discs and .
the li~c~s . ' In the rewritable optical disc, a defeGt~.ve managemsnt.meehanism 3.s intrvduaed to im$rove the reliability t~f data recorded on the disc.

F387.5~
The defective managamet~t mccha~n~.~m includes a clipping replacement algorithm and a linear repiaaement algorithm.
The slipping replaaeme~nt algorithm is mainly performed when the disc is formatted. In the ~lippir~g replacement algorithm, ail of the ECC clusters in the user data area are checked for detecting a defective cluster.
When the defective cluster is found, the location of the defective cluster is registered tc a primary defeat list (hereinafter,"PDL"), fhe logical cluster corresponding to the defective cluster is rshifted such that the logical ~lu~ter corresponds to a physical alueter which is next to the physical cluster aorreaponding to the defeativa al~xster.
Thus, when the user data 3s recorded, it is possible to avoid recording the user data in the defective cluster registered in the PDL , ns a result , it is pos sibl~ to improve the reliability of the data recording.
The linear replacement algorithm is performed when a user data is reaarde~.
After the user data is regarded, a verify proaees ie perfiormed. In th$ verify process, the recording reoul.t isver3fied. xfthedatarecordinghasfailed, theECColuster including the recording location is determined ae a defective cluster. Then, the location of the defective cluster i~
managed by a secondary defeat list (hereinaftez, "SDL°)~
The user data is recorded in the spars area which is loaate~4 at the inner-most periphery or the outer-most periphery on the disc, instead of the defective cluster in the ur3er data area.
The vera.fy process described above is performed during the replacement recording. If they data roaordirig hae succeeded, the location at which the user data is recorded is determined_ An SDL entry which correlates the location of the defective cluster with an ECC cluster for raplaaeynerst is generated. Then, the SDI entry is registered to the SDL.
The SDL entry is provided for each of the all $CC
clusters inaludeci in the spare area. It is possible to manage wrhethar or not each ECC cluster in the spare area is available as a replacement cluster. rf the ECC cluster is an unreaord~d area in the spar~ area, then the ECC a~.ustar is available as a replaaem$nt cluster. If the ECC olugter is a recorded area in the spare area, then. the ECC cluster is not available as a rep~.acement cluster. The unrecorded area in the spare area is also called a spare cluster.
2D In the reproduction process. by referring to the PDL
and the SDL, if ne,cessa.ry, the data is reproduced from the replacement cluster.
fhe PDL and the SDL are recorded in a def~Dt management area (hereinafter, "DMA" ) provided ~.n the lead-in ar$a on the disc. In the DMA," information indicating the size of the spare area and the like is further recorded.
In the rewritab~.a optical disc, the information on the defective management is updated by rewriting the DMA.
Tn the write-once optical disc, it is possible to introduce a defective man8gement mechanism, for example, p3a~,sa as described in the $peaifiaation of U.S. laid-open patent publication No. 2004/0076096 (hereinafter, "reference Z" ) .
FIG. 3 of the reference 1 shows a data structure of the disc. In the disc of the ~refarenc~$ 1, the DMA i~ provided in the lead-in area and the lead-out area.
Furth$r, a temporary dafaCt management ar$a ( hereinafter, "TDMA' ) is provided in the lead-in area and the lead-out area.
In the write-once optical disc, the information on the defective management is updated by additionally recording defective information in the TDMA each time the defective information is updated.
When the disc is closed or finalized, the data in the latest TDMi~ is recorded in the DMA.
a0 In the TDMA, temporary defect management information (hereinafter, "TDDS") and temporary defeat information (hereinafter, °TDFL") are recorded.
FIG. 5B of the reference 1 shows a data structure a5 of the TDDS. The TDDS incJ.udes pointer iaformatiorr to tire TDFL. The TDFL can be recorded in the TDMA a plurality of times. The pointer information is recorded for the se-speative TDFLa.
30 Ia the TDDS, a J.aet recorded address on the write-ante optical disc is recorded. As shown in FIG . 5B of the reference 1, a single write-once optical disc carp, have a plurality of last recorded addresses.

p3aisa zn the ~pDB, a last recorded replacemQnt ~a.ddre~ss Qn the write-once optical disc is recorded. As shown in FIG.
5B of the reference ~., a single write-ante optical disc can have a plurality of last recorded replacement addresses.
FIG. 6 of the reference 1 shows a data structure of the TDFL.
The TDFL includes information regarding defect #2, #a , ... and the like .
The information r$garding defeat includes status information, e~ pointer to the defective cluster and a pointer to the rEplaoement cluster.
The infrarmatian regarding defeat has a data structure similar to the SDL entry included in the aDL . The information regarding defect performs a function similar to '~ha SDI, entry.
Figures 33A arid 33H show a method for updating the TDFL disclosed in FIG. 9A and FIG. 98 of the reference 1.
Figure 3311 shows a data structure of the TDFL #p, The TDFL #0 includes the informatics regazding dsfeot #1, #2 arid #3 corresponding to the defeats #1, #2 and #3.
After the TDFL #0 is recorded, 3t ie assumed that th$ defea'~~s #4 and #5 era detected as a result of performing a new data recording. In this case, the TbF'L #1 shown in Figure 33H is recorded on the Write-once optical di~c.
The TDFL #l is generated by maintaining the in-~3ea,5a _ 6 _ formation regarding defeat #1. #2 and #~ included in the TDFL #0 and adding the information regarding defeat #4 and #5 corresponding to the defeats #4 and #5.
FIG. 10 of the raferanae l shows a data structure of the information regarding defeat.
The information regarding defeat includes status information. The status information inal~xdea information indicating that the defective area is a continuous defeat block or a single defeat block.
The information regard~.ng defeat further includes a ppirrter to the defective area ( the location of the defective area on the disc).
The information regarding defeat further includes a pointer to the replacement area corresponding to the $afect~,vc area.
When the defecti~tre are~e is a continuous defe~st blt~alt, the status ~.r~formation indicates that a pointer to th~
defective area d~signates a start location of th$ dor~tinuous defeat block or an end location of the continuous defect blook. In this case, the status inforzaation further indicates that a pointer to the replaoement aree~ designates a start location of the replacement block or a~n end location of the replacement block.
Hy u~irig these data structures, the defective management meohanism can be implemented in thQ write~onae optical diets.

p3sisa Further, by using the defective management meehanisrn describead above, it is possible to implement a gsetido-overwrite recording for the write-once optical die~G.
With reference to Figures 31 arid 33, the pseudo-o~erwr~,te recording for the write-once optical disc will be described.
As descr~.bed above, in the defective mar~agamant ZO mechanism, by using the replacement information such as the infvrmatio~n regarding dsfeot or the SDL entry, the physical address at w~ha.ch the data is actually recorded is mapped to another location vrhich is previously allocated, without changing the logical address at wh~l.ah the data is record~d.
When it ie instructed to record data at a legic~al address at which the data has already been recorded on the write-once optical disc, the data is recorded ire a sector located st a physical address which is different from the physical a8drass corresponding to the logical address, and the replacement information is updated toraa3.r~tain the logical address. According to this process, it is possible to overwrite date in a pseudo mar~nar. Hereinafter, such data recording is referred to as a pseudo-overwrite recording, a5 Figure 31 shows a data strua'~txre after directories and files are recorded in the information recordixig medium i which is a write-once optical disc. In the state shown in Figure 31, it is assumed that the pseudo-overwrite recording has trot been performed.
In the w~tite-once optical disc, the user data arse.
vn the disc is managed asr a unit of track or session.

P3815Z ;

In Figure 31, the user data recorded in the ueer data area is managed by a file system. A space managed by the f ~.le system is raferr~sd to as a volume space Z .
xa the description below, it is assumed that information recorded in the information recording medium i as the volume/file structure of they file system (e. g.
descriptor, pointer, metadata partition and metadata file) has a data structu~ce defined in the ISO/IEC 1334fi standard or the UDF (Universal Disa Format) specification, unless it is explicitly described on the contrary.
In Figure 31, a volume structure area 3 and a physical ZS part~.tion 4 arc recorded in the volume space Z.
In the physical partition 4, metadata partitions See, 5b defined by versi4n Z . S of the ~TDF specification are included.
In the ph~rsical partition 4, metadata file 6a and metadata mirror file bb which is the duplication of the metadata file 6a are recorded.
FE (metadata file) 7a and FE (metadata mirror file) 7b, each being a file entry (FE) indicating '~h$ reoordisrg location in the physical partition 4,ar~ recorded. Further, data file ( File-a ) 8 and data file ( Filo~-b ) 9 aze also recorded.
X111 information on the file structure such as a file entry arid directory file is allocated in the metadata partition, i.e. the m~tadata file.

_ g _ P38isz In the data struoture defined in the UDF specification, the respective recording looatioz~s of the metadata partition Sa and the file set descriptor ( FSD ) 12 are r$corded ~,n the 'trolume structure area 3.
8y retrieving the file structure from, the ROOT
directory using the F8D la as a start point, it is passable to access data file (File-a) 8, for example.
Next, in the state shown in Figure 3l, it is assumed that the pseudo-overwrite recording for data ;~~.le (File-o) is performed.
Figure 32 shows a data s~truCture after the pseudo-ovea~write recording fQr data file (File-c) ig completed.
Herein, it ie assumed that the data file (File-a}
is reworded immediately under the ROOT directory on the information recording med~.um 1.
During rewording the data file ( File -c ) , the required information on the file structure is updated or generated in order to add the data file ( File-a } . Specifically, ~'E
(ROpT) 13 is updated and FE (File-a) 14 is generatad, for example.
The data file ( File-c ) iS is reoorded in ate unrecorded area shown in Figure 31. Figure 3~ shows a state at this time.
When the F8 ( File~o ) 14 is recorded, the F8 ( Fil,e-c ) 14 ig recorded in the urrrecozded area iZa in the metadata.

pss~sa partition Sa (i.a. the mctadata file 6a).
Next, the pseudo-overwrite recording is performed as if the FE ( ROOT ) 16 would be overwritten on the FE ( RDOT ) 13.
In this case, as shown in Figure 3Z, the data for the FE (ROOT) Zb is recorded in the spare area 17.
Further, the rcplaaement information ina~,uded in the disc management information 2 is updated such that tho F1i (RQOT) i~ is mapped to the FE (ROOT) ld.
After performing the recording prooess fat files, a rcproduotion operation for rcproduoing the dats~ file (File-a) 15 will be desaribe8.
They loaati~n information of FE (metadata file) 7a and the location information of FSD iZ are obtained from the volume structure area 3 of the infos~n,ation recording medium 1.
lNext, the file structure is reproduccd. In order to reproduas the file rstruature, the FSD la is raproduaed based on the location information of F8 (metadata file) 7a and the locatioh information of FSD ia.
The location information of the F8 ( ROOT ) i3 is obtained as $ logical address from the reproduced FSD I~ .
Tho FE ( ROOT ) 13 is reproduced based on the location information of the FE (ROOT) 13.

9y refezzing to the replacement information, the F8 ( ROOT ) lb , to which the FE ( ROOT ) 13 is tnappad, is rmproduced.
The FE ( ROOT ) Z6 includes the late~et RpOT d~.rectory file. Aacord~.ngZy, the FE (ROOT) ~.6 includes the location information of the F8 (F~.la-c) 14.
The data firs, (F~.le,-c) Z5 is reproduced using the loCr~tion ~.nformatio'n of the data file. (File-c) 15 which is 1Q obtained from the FE (Fi1$-c) l4.
Thus, in the write-once optical disc, it ie poss~.ble to perform a pseudo-overwrite recvrd~.ng using the defective management mechanism.
However, aoaording to the pseudo-overwrites re-cording for the write-once optis~al disc described above, there is a problem that if tk~ere is no unrecorded area in the spare area, it is not possible to further perform the data reoording even if there is an unrecorded area in they user data. area. Thin is because it is not possible to update file system information.
Tn particular, ix~ the write-once opt~.aal disc, the 35 size cf the spare area is fixed at the time wh$ri the disc is formatted (initialized), unlike the rcwritabie optical disc in whioh the size of the spare eras. can be extended if required.
It is difficult to determine thp size of the spare area a~?propriately in view of the pseudo-overwrite recording which may be performed in the future.

p38152 If the size of the spar~ area is determined as a xGl,at~.vs~.y large size, the size Qf the user data area must be reduced. If the size of the spare area is determined as a reZat~.ve~.x small else, a problem m&y be caused. The problem is that it is riot possible to further perform the data recording even if there is an unrecorded area in the user data area.
In either case, it is not possible tv effectively utilize the user data area of the write-once optical disc.
The present invention is ~.~tehdad to solv9 th$ problem described above . One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a drive apparatus vapable of ut3.liz~.ng the user data area w~.thout any logs in the pseudo-overwrite recording for the write-once optical disc.
Accord~,ng to the present invention, it is possibi~
to provide a drive apparatus capable of utilizing the user data area without any loss in the pseudo-overwrite recordiz~g for the write-once optical disc.
ao O~SC~O~URE OF THE TNV~NTZON
According to one aspect of the invention, a drive apparatus is provided for performing a sequential recording a5 for a write-once recording medium, wherein the write-once recordl,ng medium includes a data area cad a disc management information area, the data area includes a spars are8 arid a user data area, disc management information for managing the write-once recordir~g medium is recorded iri the disc 30 management information area, a plurality of physivai addres see era assigned to the data area, a, plurality of logical addresses are assigned to the user data area, at least one tre,clr is allocated ~.n the user data area, the disc management information includes track management ~,r~,fo~mation far managing the at least one track. and the track management information includes a last recorded addreoa indicat~,ng a location at which data is ~.a9t recorded in a track. The drive apparatus includes: a reaording/reproductior: section for performing a recording operation or a reproduction operation for the write-once recording medium; and a drive control section far controlling the reaording/raprod~xbt3.vn aGation~
wherein the drive control section performs a process including: reading the disc management ~.r~formation from the disc management information area; determining ~ primary logical addree~s-phy~iaal address mapping indicating a corresponding relationship between the plurality of logical addre$ses and the plurality of physical addresses based on the disc management information; receiving a recordizug inetsuction including a logical address indicating location at which data is to be recorded= translating the logical address included 3.~, the recording instruction into a physical address in accordance with the primary logical ad-dress-physical address mapping; determining a track of the at least one track based on the physical address corresponding to the logical address ~.nc~,uded in the recording instruction and the track management information; determining a physical address indicata,ng a location at which data van be recorded next in the determined track as a next veritable addrems.
based on the last recorded address ~-n the determined track;
comparing the physical address corresponding to the log3,cal address included in the recording instruction with the next wr~,table address; when the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instrt~ation ~.s smaller than the next veritable address, performing a proae~ss including: controlling the reoordingjreprodtxct~.on section to record the data at a specific location in the user dents. area, the specific location be~.ng a location other than the location indicated by the physical address eorrespondirrg to the logical addres s included ~,a the recording instruction; generating new disc management informat~.on including replacement management information for mapping the physical addr~ass corresponding to the log3,cal address included ire the recording instruction to the physieai addre~es indicating the ~spoc,ific location and the last recorded address updated by recording of the data; and aontroli~.ag the reaording/reproduction section to record the new disc management information in the disc management information area; v~hen the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction is equal to the next veritable address, performing a process including:
contro111ng the recording/reproduction section tv record the data at location indicated by the phxsical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction; generating ne~a disc management information including the last recorded address updated by recording of the data; and controlling the reeording/repsoduation section to record the new disc management informs,tion in the disc management information area.
~n one embodiment of the inWantion, the writs-once Z5 recording medium includes a plurality of ECC clusters, each of the plurality of ECC clusters ineludee a plurality of sectors, the plurality of physical addzesses are assigned to the plurality of sectors , and the next wr~.tabl~ address is are physical address of a first sector included in an ECC
cluster next to an ECC cluster including the last reGOrded address.
In one embcdimes~t of the invention, the determined p3azsx track is an open track, and the specific location in the user data area is determined as a location indioat~d by a next wr~.tab3.e address in the determined tracals, In one embod3m$nt of tire invent~.on, the determined track is an open track, the specific locatioaz in the user data are8 ~Ls determined as a location indicated by s next writable addr$ss in an open, track which is different from the determined track, the next writabie address in the open 1Q track indicates a location which is closest to the location indicatedby the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction.
According to another aspect of tk~e 3.nvention, a drive apparatus is provided for reproducing data recorded in a write-once recording medium, wherein the write-once re-eording medium includes a data area and a disc management information area, the data area includes a spare a.xea and a user data area, disc management information for managing ~0 the write-once recording medium is recorded in the disc management information area, a plurality of physical addressee era assigned to the data area, a plurality of ~.ogioa~.
addresses are assigned to the user data area, the disc management information includes a replacement management information list including a plurality of replacement management information, each of the plurality of rep~,accment management information map9 a physical address indicating a locat~,on of the user data area to a separate phys~,cal address .
The drive apparatus includes: a reoording/r~produ~t~.on section f or performing a recording operation or a reproduction operation far the write-once recording medium; snd a drive control section for controlling the recording/reproduation ser~tion, wherein the drive control section performs a process _ 16 -iaciuding: reading the disc management information from the disc management information area; determining a primary lagiaai address-physical address mapping indicating a corresponding relationship between th$ plurality of logical addresses arid the plurality of physical addresses based on the disc management information; receiving a reproduction instruction including a logical address indicating loaatioa at which data ~Ls to bs repro8ucedf translating the logical address included ire the reproduction instruction into a physical address in accordance with the primary logical address-physical address mapping; determining whether or not the physical addres$ corresponding to the logical address inc~.uded in the reproduction instruction 10 not mapped ae an original location of a separate physical sector and it is mapped as a replacement location of a separate phys~,cal sector: when it is determined that the physical address corresponding to the logical addrBSS included in the reproduction instruvt~.on is not mapped as an original location of a separate physical sector and it is mapped as a replacement location of a separate phys3.eal sector, outputting a predetermined data without reproducing datafrom the physical address corresponding to the logical address included is the reproduction instruction.
In one embodiment of the invention, the predetermined data is data reproduced from the physical address cor-re$pvnding to the logical addres s included in the reproduction instruction.
BRIEF DESCRTPTION OF TH8 DRAL~1'INGS
Figure lA is an 111umtrative diagram showing an appearance of information recording medium l00 aeoording to an embodiment of th$ present invention.
P3slsz Figure 1~ ze an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the information recording medium 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 1,C is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the user data ar$a 108 shown ~.n Figure iB.
Figure 2A is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of this session management in-formation 200 according to an embodiment of tire present invention.
Figure aB is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the track management information x10 according to an embodiment of the present ~,nventic~n.
Figure 8C is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the space bitmap maz~age~ment information 820 according to an embodiment c~f the present invention.
ZS Figure 3 is as 111ustrativo diagre,m showing an exemplary data structure of the disc structure information 1110 according to an embodiment of the present ~.~nvehtion.
Figure 4 is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the information recording medium 100b according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6A is an illustrat~.ve diagram showing an P3B7.52 - 1g -exemplarx data structure of the replacement management ~.nformation list 1000 according to en erobQdimer~t of the present invet~t~.on .
Figure 58 is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the replaoement management information 101,0 according to an embodiment of the present ~.nvent ion .
Figure 6 is a block diagram slowing an exemplary ovnfiguration of the information reaording/reproduction apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the present inv~ntion.
Figure 9 is an illustrative diagram showing as exemplary data structure of the information recording medium after the formatting prooess aooording tv an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure Slr is a flowchart showing a recording process according to an embodim$nt of the prssent invention.
Figure 8B is a flowchart showing a RMW process aooording to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 9 is an 3l~,ustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the information recording medium after the recording process according to an embodiment of the present inr~ention .
Figure 10 is a flowdhast showing a reproduction process according tc~ an embodiment of the present invention.

19 _ Figure 11 is an illustrative diagram showing ~a exemplary data structure of the replacement management ~.nfvrmation x.0108 according to an embod5.rnent of the present invention.
Figure i~ is an illustrative diagram $hawing an exemplary data structure of the physioal addre~s space and the ~.og~.cal address space according to an embadimant of the present invention.
Figure 13A is an 3.llustrative~ diagram showing a replacement reoording according to an embodiment of the present invant~.on, ~,5 Figure 138 is an illustrative diagre~m $hawing a replacement management infoxm8'~~.Qn aGOC~rding to an em-bodiment of the present invention.
Figures 14A is an illustrative diagram showing a ZO replacement recording according to an embodiment of the presse~nt invention .
Figures l48 ~.s an illustrative diagram showing a replacement ruanagem$nt information according to an em-25 bodiment of the present invention.
Figure 151r is an illustrat~.va diagrara Showing a replacement recording according to an embo8iment of the present invention.
F~.gur$ 15B is an illustrata.ve diagram showing a replaoement management information according to an em-bodiment of the present invention.

- ao p3s15a Figure 16A is en illuetrativQ diagrasa sl~rowing a replaceraent recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure i68 is an illustrative diagram showing a replacement management information accOrdirrg to are em-bodiment o~ the present invention.
1G F~,gure 17A is an illustrative diagram shOwir~g a replacement recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 19H is an illustrative diagram showing a repiaceraent management information aCGVrding to an em-bodiment of the present invention.
Figure i8 is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data struGt~sra of the DFL sntry x010 which is an a0 example of the replacement management information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 19A is a flowchart showing a recording procesB
according to an embodiment of the present invontion.
a5 Figure i98 is a flowchart showing a recording process acCord~,ng to an embddimerst of the present invent~,oa.
Figure aQA is an illustrative diagram showing a 30 repiaoe~nant recording a~oDrd~.ag to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure a0S is an illustrative diagram showing a 21 _ p3s~sa replacement management ir~format~.vn e~aavrding to an em-bodiment of the present invQntion.
Figure 21A is an illustrative diagram showing a replacement recording aaaordihg to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 21H is an illustrative diagram showing a replacement management in~oz~aation aacsording to an em~
~.0 bodiment of the present invention.
F~.gure 2211 is an llaustrative diagram showing a z~eplacem$nt reavrding according to an Embodiment of the ~7x~e6~ant invention .
1. 5 Figure 22H is an illustrative diagram showing a replaeemcnt management informatit~ri aoaording to an em, bod3.saeht of ~Ghe present invention .
ZO Figure 23A is an illustrative diagram showing a replacement reaord~.ng avcvrding to an embodiment of the pres$nt invention.
f~.gure 23H is an 311ustrativa diagram showing a Z5 replaaament management information acaordi.ng to an em-bodiment of the present inver~t~,on.
Figure 2~4A is an illustrative diagram showing a raplaaetnerit recording aaoording to an embodiment of the 30 present invention.
Figure 24H is an illustrative diagra~tn showing a replaoemant management information aaaording to an em-P38152 , bodiment of the present invention.
Figure zb is as illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the track management information acoordistg to an embodiment of the present inventior~.
Figure a6A . ig an il~.ustrative diagram slowing a replaaemant recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 26H is an 111ustrative diagram showing a replacement management information acccrd5l.rig to an em-bodiment of the present invention.
Figures 27 is an illustrative diagram showing a replacement recording aeaording to an embodimerst of the present invention.
Figur$ Z$ is an iilus~trative diagram showing a replacement recording according to are embodiment of the present invention.
Figure Z9 i$ as illustrative diagram showiz~g a replacement recording aoaording to an embodiment of th$ , present inventidrr .
F~,gure 30 is ah illustrativd d~.agram showing a seplaoement recording aocord3ag to an embodiment of the pr$seat invention.
Figure 31 is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the information recording medium aaoording to the oonvention8l technique. , Figure 33 is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the information reoording mec9.ium of ter the file recording proaes s according to the conventional technique.
Figure 33A is an illustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of the TDFL aaaording to the conventional technique.
Figure 3~8 is err ~.~,lustrative diagram showing ari exemplary 'data structure of the TDF~ aaaording to the ovnver~t~,onal technique .
Figure 34 is an illustrative diagram showing as exemplary date structure of disc structure information 11.00 according to an embodiment of the pzesent invention.
Figure 351 is are illustrative diagrarnrn showing an exemplary data structure of replacement recording control informatics list according to an embodiment of thG present invention.
Figure 3SB is an illustrative di~egram showing an ex$mplaaGy data struoturo of track management inf4rmation 8210 aoaording to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 36h is an illustrative diagram showing a seplaeement recording according to an embodiment of the present iri.veation.
Figure 3711 is an illustrative diagram showing a replaaernent recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 398 is an 111ustxative diagram showing repiaoemont management information aoCOSding to an em-bodiment of the present inv~ent~.on.
Figure 38A is an illustrative diagram showing a replacement recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.
l0 Figure 39A is an illustrative diagram showing a repiaoemer~t recording according to an embodiment of the present invohtion.
~,5 Figure 398 is as illustrative diagram showing replacement management information according to an em-bodiment of the present invention.
Figure 40 is an illustrative diagram show~.ng an 20 exemplary data structure of the track management information aoaording to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figu~ce 4111 is an illustrative d~.agram showing a replacement recording according to an embodiment of the 25 present invention.
Figure 4211 is an 111ustrativc diagram showing a replacement recording aooo~cding to an embodiment of the present invention.
~a Figure 4Z8 is an illustrative diagram showing replacement management information according to an em-bodiment of the present invention.

Figure 43 is an 111ustrative diagram showing an exemplary data structure of track management information according to an embod3.~aent of th~ present invoat3.on.
S
Figure 44 is an illustrative diagram showing 8.n exemplary data struatur$ of track management info~aation according to an embodiment of the pzesent invention.
100, lOOb information recording medium 101 lead-in area 10~, ic~~a data area, i03 lead-out ar$a 103b, lO3c outer area 1,04, ip$ disc management information area 104x, 105a disc management information area 106, 106a inner spare area 107, 107a outer spare area 108, 108a user data area 109 vc~l~ume space 1a2 unrecorded area mo, ~a~ L~

210 track management information 31l session Otart informat~.on 2~,3 track start location information 213 last reaordec~ address information alithin track (LRA) i 300 information reaording/seproduotion apparatus 301 system control section 30a memory circuit 303 Z/O bus - 2fi -304 magnetic disc apparatus 310 dsivo apparatus 31l drive oontrol section BEST MODE FOR GARRYINGr OUT TIDE INVENTION
( 8mbodiment ~. ) 1-Z, Nrite-onoe reoording medium Figure in ~shotnrs an appearance of information record~.ng medium 100 aaoording to an embodiment of the present invention.
A lead-in area 101 is located in an inner-most periphery of the information reoording medium i0p. A
lead-vut area l03 is located in an outer-moat periphery of the information recording medium 100. A data area 102 is I
located between the lead-in area x,01 and the lead-vut area i x.03 of the information recording med3.um 100.
I
In the lead-in area 101, reference inforsna.tion necessary for an optical pickup included in the re-cording/reproductivn s~oticn 314 which Will be described i below to access the information recording medium 100, I
information for idez~tifyir~g from other recording media, and i the like are recorded. In the lead-out area i03, s~.m~,~.ar information as those in the lead-in area 101 is recorded.
A plurality of physioal sectors are assigned to the lead-in area 101, the data area. 10a end the lead-out area 103 . Each physical sector is a minimum access unit . Each physical sector is identified by as address infcrmatioa such psal5a _ 27 _ as a physical sector number (hereinafter, "PSN').
The data recording/reproduation is perfarmad for each ECC cluster (vr each ECC block) ~.r~cluding a plurality of physical sectors. An ECC cluster (or ah ECC block) is a minimum unit for the data reaordingJreproduotion.
Figure 18 shows a data atruature~ of the information recording medium x.00. In Figure ~,8, the lead-in area 101, the data area l0a and the lead-out area 103 are shown in a lateral s.rrangesuent , although they are actually arranged in a concentric GirCUlar manner as shown in Figure 111.
The lead-in area lol includes a, disc management information area 104 , The lead-out area 103 inGlude~s a disc management informative area 105. Diso management in-fvrmat~,on is recorded in each of the disc management I
infcrmativr~ areas l04 and 105. The di$c management in-formation includes replacement management information, zp session management infarmatie~~n, and space bitmap management information. This informationwiilbe described below. The t disc management infvrsnation areas 104 and 105 are used as an area for updating the disc management information. The area for updating the disc management information is also referred try as a temporal disc management infarmat3.vr~ area.
In a case whore the present invention i$ app~.~.ed to thegD-Rspeoifiaation, thete,rm"discmanagsmentinformation area" is the present speaifioation $hculd be read as a "Disc 34 Management Ar$a (DMI~,) a , the term "temporal disc management information area" in the present specification should be read as a "Temporal Disa Management Area ( TDMA ) ° , the term "disc management infcrms,tion" in the present specificat3.on _ Zg _ should ba read as a °Disa Management $tructurc (DMS)" and I
the team " temporal disv management information" ire the I
$resent specification should be read as a °Tempoxal Diso I
i Mane~~emer~t Structure ( TDMS ) " . i ' The data area i0~ includes an inner spars area 106, a user data area l08 and an outer spare area 109.
The user data area 108 is an area user! for recording a user data. !
Figure ZC shows a data Otr~xcture of the user data area 108.
The user data area 108 includes a plurality of sessions. Each session includes a plurality of trackm. !
Each track is a oontiguoum area on the information recording medium 100. Each track is managed by track management information which will be described below. ' In a case where the present invention is applied to the BD-R specification, the term "track" ire the pre$ent speaific$t3,onshouldbeseadasa°8egtxentialRecord3.ngRange° ' (hereinafter, "SRR").
Each session includes a p~.urality of tracks whivh i are contiguously allocated vn the information recording medium 100. Each session i$ managed by session management ~0 information whicsh will be described b8low. I
Figure 2!1 shows a data structure of the s~ssioa management information X00 for raanaging the session. The P3815~
session management information 2p0 is included iri the disc management information.
The session management informa'~~.vn ZOO inaludos header information 3d1 and a pltxxality of track management information.
The header information 201 includes general in-formation such as an identifier of the session management information 20p and the number of they track management information ZiD shown in Figure 28.
The track management information #N contains information corresponding to the track #N shown in Figure iC, where N denotes an integer greater than or equal to 1.
Figure aH shows a data structure of the track management information Z10 for managing the track. The track management information a10 is included in the disc managamont information.
fhe track management informat~.en Z10 includes session start information 211 which indiaatev whether or not the track is a leading track of the session, travk start location information 212 which indicates a start location of the track, ahd last recorded address information within track a13 which indicates a location at which data has been lastly recorded within the track. Hereinafter, the last recorded address ~.nformatior~ within track 213 is referred to as LRA ai3.
If the track managed by the track management information is 21.0 looatedat a leadir~gpositior~ of the sessi,vn, a va~.ue ( a . g . " 1" ) indicating that the track is located at a leading position of tha seesioa is eat to sfessioh start ~.x~foxmetion 211. Otherwise, a different value ( e. g. ' 0' ) is~ set to session start information 2ii.
g The track start lvcatipn information a12 includaB
a physical address indicating a start location of the track.
The LRA X13 ~.ncJ.udes a pk~ys~.ca,l address indicating ~.0 a location at which valid data has been lastly recorded within ' the track. Valid data may be, for example, user data supplied from the host apparatus 305. The LRA la0 cad the LRA 1a1 shown ire F~.guse iC are as example of the LRA Z13. v 15 In the case where the present invention is app~.ied to the BD-R specification, the term 'track mansgemaxut information' in the present specification should be read as a "Sequential Recording Range entry ( SRR Entry ) " and tha i term psess~.ax~ raar~agement information' in the present 30 specification should be read as a "Se~uent~,al I:acording Raaga Information'.
In the case where the data recording is~ performed for each ECC cluster as a minimum unit on the information i 25 reoordirrg med~.txns lpG, the location indicated by the LRA a~,3 i does not always match the boundary of ECC clustca~s. i Tn general, the size of data specified by th~
recardir~g inst~ructian dvea not match multiple integral of 30 the size of one ECC clu~9ter. Ih this case, the LRA 213 i indicates an address of the last physical sector ~nang the i I
physical ~ectors in which the data specified by the recording i i instruction ig recorded.

p3s~sz If the location indicated by the LRA 213 does not match the boundary of ~CC clusters, padding data i$ recorded after the valid data so that the end of the regarded data can match the boundary of ECG clustcss.
In the present embodiment, the data recording can be performed for each track. In this case, the reoord~.ng of crew data is started from a leading position of each track, and the new data is contiguously recorded ~,rithix~ the track (a sequential recording). When the data recording is performed for a track, the location at which the data has been lastly recorded within the track is reflected to the LR,A 2l3 .
~. s y~lher~ the data recording is re-startedwithiri the track, a value of the LRA 2t3 is checked. By checking the ~crasue of the LRA 213, it is possible to determir~e a next veritable address wtithin the track.
In the case where no data is recorded within the track (e, g. ~.mmediately after the track 10 allocated), e~ pre-determined value (e. g. "0") ~.ndiaating such a status Gaze be sat to the LRA as3.
In general, a next veritable address (hereinafter, gNWA") ihdi.cates a location of a physical sector which is next to the physical sector indicated by the LR7~ 213.
Alternatively, in the case where the data recording is performed far each ECC cluster as a minimum unit on the information reeordingmedium x.00, the NWA ~.ndioatee~ a location of a l4adit~g position of an ECC oluste~c which ig hekt to the ECC cluster 3naluding the physical sector indicated by the LRA x~.3.

Tho lope~tion of the NWA 18 calculated according to !
i Expression (1) below.
(a) When LRA~O
NWA .. N x (Floor (LRA / N) + 1) N: the number of the physical sectors inpiuded in each ECC cluster (for example, N = 32).
(b) When LRA =0 NWA = ( start J.oaatior~ of tk~e corresponding track) Where Floor(x) represents the largest integer number = x Hereinafter, it ie aseumcd that the NWA indicates a lGadit~g position of th$ ECC Cluster.
A track where it is pos Bible to record data is referred to as an open track.
The track number of the open track is included in the header information 201 of the session management irifotmativn 200 ehvtnr~ ~.n Figure dal, ( for example, a first open track number 203, a second open track number a04. etc. ) .
Any track other than the open track is referred to as a closed track.
For example, a track which does not include any unrecorded area or a track dee:Lgn~xted by a user can bs a .
closed track. i p~8l~a Unlike the open track, the track cumber of the Closed track is not stoxed in the header information 201 ofi the session manageroent information 200.
The data recording to any closed track is prohibited.
In the case inhere the present invention is applied to the SD-R specification, the term "open track" in the present 1D apgaifioation should be read ass an °Open SRR' ~rsd thp term "closed track" should be read as a "Closed SRR".
~y ohcckiri.g the open track number and the LRA a13 in the track management information 210, it is possible to determine an unrecorded area on the information rcoordirrg medium 100.
Her ~nar~ag~trsg the recorded clusters for the write-once type of the information reCoxd~.r~g medium i00, it is possible to perform a kind of random recording ( ~.. a , recording data at an arbitrary location ( physical address ) oa the information recording medium 1o0).
Ix~ order to realize such a random recording, it is necessary to manage urmeoQrded areas on the information recording medium 100 and to manage the lest recorded address .
1n the present embodiment, thsse managemente are reelizedbyutilircingthe spaccbitmapmanagemGnt information 220 shown in Figur$ 2~ and the di$o management .information recorded in the disc management informgtioa area 104 and svs.

p3ea.sa When the random recording is performed, tho spaoe bitmap management information Z20 shown in Figure ZC is reoarc~ed ~.n the disc management information area i04.
S Figure 2C shows a data structure of space bitmap management information ZZO. The space bitmap management information 220 includes h$ader information ZZl, managed area information ZZ2 and spaa$ bitmap information 223.
The header information ZZi ino~.ude~s general in-formation such as an identifier of the spaoe bitmap management information Z20.
The managed area informatior~ ZZa includes in-formation which specifies an area in the usez data area 148, wherein the recorded/untaaorded status of a sector included in the area is managed by they space bitmap management information 2Z0. For example, the managed area information aZZ includes a start ldaation of the area arid a length of the area.
The spaao bitmap information aa3 includes in-formation indicating whether each ECC oluster included in the area to be managed is a recorded ECC elustax or an unrecorded ECC cluster. For example, a single bit data io assigned to each ECC ~siustar, a predetermined value (e.g. "0") is set to the single bat data when the ECC cluster is an unrecorded ECC cluster, and a predetermin~d value (e.g. "1°) ie set to the single bit data when the ECC cluster is a recorded ECC cluster. Th~.s ma~Ces ~.t possible to rnanaga unrecard~d areas for all ECC clusters ~.n the area to be managed. , The disc management information recozded in 'the diso _ 3g _ man,agemant information area 104 irioludes disc structure information 1100 shown in Figure 3. The disc structure information 1100 inCiudes last recorded S,ddre ss informat~.oa i~07. The last recorded address informaticrs 1107 includes a physical address indioating a location at which data has been lastly recorded within the user data area 108.
The disc structure information x,100 further includes general lnformatior~ 1101 concerning 8,a entire disc ~t~r~xcture information 1100, replacement management information list location information 1102 tah~.ah indicates location in- ~I
formation of the latest replacement managemssnt information list 1000 within th$ disc management information area 104 , 105,userareastartlocatxoninformationZ103whiahindiaates j a start loca'~ion of the user data area 108, user area and i location information 1104 which indicates an end location of the user data area 108, d~.sc management ir~formation area size 1107b, and spare area information 1105 and spare area management information 1108 which indicates the size of the inner spare area 106 and the outer spare area 107 and an area available for replacement.
By using the disc management information area size 1107b, it is possible to changes the size of the disc management Z5 information area for each information recording medium.
Further, by us~.ng the disc management information area size 1107b, ~.t is possible to change the temporal disc management information area described above in th$ inner spare area 10b~ and the outer spars area 147.

By using the spare area information 1105, it ie possible to change the size of the spare are~x for each information recording medium. For example, it is possible psaisz to set the size of the inner spare area 10~i or the size of the outer spare area 10~ to zero.
The spare area management information 1108 includes next available location information indicating a next available location in the inner spare area 1Q6 arid the outer spare area 107.
Zn each spare area, a sequential recording is 1p performe8 in the same way in each track. The next available location in each spare area performs tho similar funotion !
as the N~1A in each track. The recording of new data to each spare area is performed sequentially from the location indicated by the next available location information.
The disc structure informat~.on 1100 further includes session management information location information 1.09 which indicates location xr~formation of tho latest session management information z00 in the disc management iruformation areas 104 and 105, and space bitmap management inforsaation location information 1110 whivh indicates location in-formation of the latest space bitmap management ir~tormation zz0 in the disc management information areas 104 acrd 105.
As described above, by using the sessivz~ management information 200 or the space bitma~r management infozmation 8a0, it is possible to manage the status oaf uareaordedphyeical sectors on the information recording medium 100. Ac-cordingly, it is possible to sele~ti~relyuse one of the session management information X00 and the epar~e b~.tmap management information 2~0 for its purposes. Aiterr~ativeZy, it is possible to use both information. The information con-cerning a method for manag~.ng unrecorded areas is included P3815a _ 37 _ in the r$cording mode information 1106 of the diso struoture information 1100.
The diso management information area lOS is an exter~dad area whioh is used to record duplioation of the diso management information reoorded ~.r~ the d3.sc management information area 104 or is used to reoord the information which cannot be recorded in the disc management information area 104 in updatir~g the diso management information.
Hereinafter, the detailed description of the diso management information area 106 will be omitted. This is similar to the temporal disc maaagcmcnt information recorded in the spare area.
In the example shown in Figure iC, the user data reoorded in the user data area 108 is managed by a file system.
A Opace managed by the file system is refcxrcd to as a volume space 109.
a0 ~r plurality of logioal sectors arc assigned to the volume mpace 109. Eaah logical seotcr is identified by address information such as a logical sector number (hereinafter, °LSNp).
In the description below, ~.t is assumed that information recorded in the information recording medium 100 as the volume/file structure of the file system (e. g.
descriptor, pointer, metadata partition and metadata fil~~
has a data structure defined in the ISO/IEC 13346 standard or the UDg (Universal Disc Format) speoification, unless it is expl~.oitly described on the contrary. Of Course, it is~ possible to use a file system other than those described above.

P3$152 The ~.nformation rQCOrding medium 100 shown in Figurem 111 to iC is described as an information recording medium having a single rsaording layer. Flowever, ttse information 6 recording medium 100 may have two or more recdrd3.nQ layers .
Figure 4 shows a data structure of an information recording medium lOOb having two recording layers.
In Figure 4, LO denotes a first layer and L1 denotes a second layer. Each of the first and 8eoond layers has almost the same structure as the information recording m$dium 100.
Specifically, the lead-~.n area 101 is located in an inn$r-most peziphery of the first layer and the lead-out area 103a is located in an inner-most periphery of the ascend layer.
Further, the outer aroa lo3b is boated in an outer-most perl,phery of the first layer and the outer area 105o is located in an outer-most periphery of the second layer. The lead-in area 101, the outer area 103b, the lead-out area 103a and the outer area 1030 includes a disc management information area 104, 1051 104a and 105x., respectively.
Further, as shown in Figure 4 , the spare areas 106 , lOba, 109 and 107x, are provided. As described above, it is possible to change the size of eaoh.spare area fc~r each information recording medium. It is also possible to provide an additional temporal disc managamar~t information area in each spare area. The user data areas x.08 and 108a are logically treated as a single volume space having contiguous logical addresses.
Thus, it is possible to logically treat an informatioin recording medi~xm having a p~.urality of xeaording layers as an information recording medium having a single recording ' layer. Bereinafter.an information recording medium having a single recording layer is described. It is possible to apply the description of the information recording medium having a single recording layer to an information recording medium having a plurality of recording layers. Therefore, an information recording medium having ~ plurality of recording layers is referred to only when a s~pecidl de-seription is required.
1-2. Pseudo-ove;~write reewrdin~g The replacement information is desarib~d with reference to Figures Sh and 5B.
The replacement information is defined as a re-placement management information last (or a defect l~.st) including replacement manageanent infor~rnation ( or a defect list entry) . the replacement management information ( or the defect list entry) ~.naludes original lovation information indicating a location of a cluster in which a defect oCCUrs on the information reaordingmcd~.um ( i . a . a defective cluster ) and replacement location informat~.on indicating a location of a replacement cluster which is used instead of the defective z5 cluster.
'~'he present invention enables recording a re-plaeement cluster in the user data area.
Further, the present invention re~li~es a pseudo-overwrite recording on a write-once iaformatic~n recording me8ltun using the replacement information.

p38152 Ate shown in Figure 18, the d8.ta e~,rea l02 inaludaa the inner spare area 106, the user data area 108 and the outer s~gare a~tea 107.
At least a part of the inner spare area 106 and the outer spare area 107 is used as an area for replacement recording of the data to be recorded in the user data area 108.
For example, when there exists a defective aluste~r i in the user data area i.08, at lea0t a. part of the inner spars area 3,06 and the outer syare area 107 ig used as err area j fcr recording a replacement cluster with which the defectivd i cluster is replaced.
Alternativ8ly, at lea~rt a past of the inner spare area 106 and the outer spare area 109 can be used as an area for recording the updated data in the pseudo-overwrite recording described below.
The rcplaagment recording, which is the combination of the replacement information with the spare area, ie performed as wall as a verify process.
The verify process is a procps0 including the steps of reproducing data immediately after the dates is recorded, comparing the repa~oduasd data with the reoorde4 data and determining whether yr sot the data ie9 recorded aorrOCtly based on the comparison result. Such a process including the$e steps is called a verify-after-write process.
When an error oaours during the verify prvces s ( i . a .
it is determined that the data is not recorded oorrecthy) , a replacement recording is performed. Specifiealiy, the defective cluster is replaoed by a replacement ~slt~ster and the data is recorded in the xeplaeement cluster.
The replacement cluster is recorded in the inner spare area 106 ( or the outer spare area 107 ) or the user data area 108.
The pseudo-overwrite recording is defined as amethod 14 for mapping a physical address at which the data is actually recorded to another physical address, such that it van be seen as if the logical addres$ at which the data is recorded is not changed.
When the overwrite t~f new data is instructed to a logical address atwc~thich data is recorded, a physical address corresponding to the logiaa~, address is rep3.aced by a separate physical address and the new data is written into an ECC
alustez on the separate physical address. Thean, the ECC
cluster before overwr3,te is mapped to the ECC cluster (replacement cluster) in which the new data is recorded.
The replacement cluster used in the pseudo-overwrite recording is rcoorded in the spare area or the user data Z5 area.
As the replaeament information for performing such a mapping process, the replacement management information ,list 1000 shown in Figure 5A is used.
By performing such a mapping process, it is possible to realize that it can be seen as if the data ~.s overwritten, although the data ianot actually overwritten. Hereinafter, P~alaa - 4a -this recording method is referred to as a peaudo-overwrite recording.
FigurQ SA shows a data structure of a replacement management inforraation list 1000 ~lhiah ~,s rcplaoement infvrsoat3.on aaoording to the press~nt invantior~,. The replacement management information l~.st 1000 is used to iuap the location of the defective cluster to the location of tho replaaeraQnt cluster. Tha replaaemeat management information list 1000 includes header infvr~aat3oa 1001 and a paurality c~f replacement managexaeat information 1010 ( e. g.
replacement management information #1, #2. #3...).
The header information 1001 includes thes number of the replacement management informatiox~ inolud~d in the replacement management information list 1,000. Tine re-piace~ment management information inolud~s information indicating the mapping described abo~cre.
Figure 5H shows a data structur~ of the replacement managem$nt information lOlO. Thg replacement m~nsg~ment information 1010 ~,ncludes status information i0li, original location information 1012 and replacement location in-formation 1013.
The status information ZOli inaludes statues in-tvrmation concerning the mapping t~esaribed above. For exempla, the status information indicates a type or an attribute of the replacement management information 1010, 3o thevalid/invalid statusr of tho original 2,vcation information 1012 and the replacement loaa.tian information 1013 and lilts.
Th$ original lc~oation information 103,2 ine~i0ates a P3$1S2 location of original information (e. g, a defe~ct~.ve cluster ~ .
The replacement location information 10.3 indicates a location of replacement information (e. g. a replacement clumter).
rn the pseudo-overwrite recording, th~ location of the ECC cluster before overwrite is indicated by the original location informstxan 101, and the location of the ECC c~.uster after overwrite is indiGatad by the replacement location information 1013. Thus, they loaat3an of the ECC cluster before overwrite is mapped to the location of the ECC Cluetes after overwrite.
Herein, the original location 1012 and the re-placement location information 1013 registered in the replacement management information 1010 may be reQresented by a physical address ( a , g . PSN ) of the first sector in the corresponding ECC cluster. This ~.s because a mapping i~r performed as a unit of ECC cluster in the defect~.ve management and the pseudo-overwrite recording.
In the ac~nvantior~a,l linear replacement method, the replacement cluster is recardad ~,n the spare area. Ac-cordingly, in every case, the informaticr~ indicating a location of the ECC cluster in the spare ar$a i$ set to the replacement location information 10,3.
fJn the other hens, in the present invantit~n, the location at Which the replaaem~nt cluster can be reoorded is not limited to the location in the spare area. It i$
possible to reGOrd the replac~emerit cluster in the user data area. Accordingly, the information indiaatiz~g a looation p38153 - 44 - '.
of the ECC cluster in the spare area or tho information indicating a location of the ECC cluster in the user data area may be set to the replacement location information 10,3.
Thus, the replacement location information 1033 may indicate a location of the ECC cluster reoorde9, in Qne of two areas ( i, a. the spare area and the user data area ) . In order to determine whether the replaaanaent location in-formation 1013 ~.ndicates a location of the ECC cluster ~.n the rspare area or a location of the ECC tsluster in the user data area, information indicating one of the two cases may be defined. Such information may be incorporated into the status information 1011.
1-3. Revording/reprt~duot~.va apparatus Figure 6 shows a configuration of an information reaording/reproduation apparatus 300 aacordir~g to an embodiment of the present inv~ntion.
ZO
The information xecarding/reproduction apgaratus ' 300 includes a host apparatus 305 and a driv~ apparatuo 310.
The host apparatus 305 can be, for example, a computer Z5 system or a personal computer.
The drive apparatus 3~.0 can be, for exarnplp, any one of a reaordirig-apparatus, a reproduction apparatus and a reaardi~ng/repro6.uatiQh apparatus. The infvwmation rs-30 cording/reproduction apparatus 300 as a whole also van be ca~.led any one of a re~oording apparatus, a repraduation apparatus and a reoording/reproduation apparatus.

- 9.5 The host apparatus 30~ ~.ncludes a system control aeati~ar~ 30~, and a memory circuit 302. The host apparatus 305 may fuxther inc7.ude magnetic disc apparatus 304 such ass a hard disc drive . The componaate in the host apparatus 305 are connected to each other via an Z/O bus 303.
The system aontxol section 30i can be implemented.
for example, by a mioroproceseor including a system control program and a me~rory for operation. The system control ecction 301 controls var3.ous processes and performs various operations such as recording/reproduation of s volume struature/file structure of a file systmn, re-coxding/reproduation of a metadata part ition/file struatexa~e described below, record~.r~g/reproduativn of files $x~d reoord3.ng/reproduction of the ,lead-in/lead-out areas.
The memory air~u~.t 30a is used to operate info;~aation such as a volume structure. a file structure, a metadata partite.onJfilestructureandfiles, and is usedtotemporarily a0 store them.
The drive apparatus 3~,0 includes a drive control ssation 3x~., a memory cirouit 312, and a ro~
cording/reproduation seetian 314. The cotctponents in the drive apparatus 310 are cQnneated to each other vi8, an internal bus 313.
The drive aor~trol section 310 ca,x~ be implemented, for example, by a mioraprooessor including a drive oontro~.
program andametnoryforoperation. Thedriveaax~tsolseation 31p controls various processes and $erforms various op-erations such as reoordingJreprr~dtxction of tl~e disc management information area and the spare area and the _ 46 -pseudo-overwrite recording/rspreduation.
P38~52 , The system control section 301 and dx3ve control sect~.on 3i0 shown in Figure 6 can bs impleraented by a semiconductor integrated airauit such as an LSI. Al-ternatively, they can be implemented by a genera, processor , end a memory (e.g. a ROM).
A prt~gram is stored in th~ mernary ( a . g . a ROIL) . The program is exeoutable by a computer ( e. g, a general processor) .
This program may repres~nt a reproduction prooess and/or a recording process according to the present ~,nvcntion described above or d~~dribed below. A computer (e. g.
genere~l processor) performs the reproduction process and/or ~5 the recording process according to the present invention is accordanas with the program.
The raemory circuit 31a is used to operate datn co~xaerning the di~c management information area and the e~pax~e ZO area and data transferr~d to the drive apparatus 310, and is used to temporarily story them.
Z-4. Procedure o~ recording probe~a (i) ~5 With referenoB to Figure 9, the data structure c~f the 3n~ormation reaord~.s~gmedium x.00 afterperfo~cming a format processc according to the prse~ent embodiment of the ihveat~.on will be descri~aed below.
~0 Track #~, 401, track #3 402 and track ~3 403 8~~te allocated in the user data area 108.
A volume space i0g ~,s allocated in the user data area , X08. A volume structure area 410, a physical gartitiori 4a0 and a volume structures area 411 are allocated in the volume ~rpaGe 109.
In the physical partition 4a0, a metadata partition 430 is included. The metadata partitiar~ 430 is defined in a pseudo-overwrite method in version 2.5 or higher version of the UT~F' speaifiCa'~io~a.
~.0 rn the metadata partition 430, a metadata f~.le 440 is recorded. In order to simplify the desariptiori, the description of a metadata mirror file is omitted bslaw. The metadata mirror file ~.s a duplication of metadat~ file 440.
The metadsta mirror file can be also xecorded.
A FE (Metadata ~ile) 441 is recorded. Tha FE
(t4etadata filc ) 44~, is a file entry (FS ) indicating arecording location of the metadata files 440 in the physical partition 4ao.

The information an the file structure such as a file entry (FS) indicating a regarding location of a user data file v~r a directory, is located in the metadata partition 430 (i.e, the m~atadat8 file 440).
xn Figure 9, only the ROOT directory is recorded.
In the metadata file 440, only a file set descriptor 433 F8 and an FE (ROOT) 44a are regarded. In order tc simplify the description, it is assumed. that a dir8atory file is included in each FE.
Zt is assumed that the states shown in Figure 7 is a state in Which any replacement recording has not been P3~152 - ~8 -performed yet. The management of unrecorded ares,s in the metada~ta partitions 430 may be performed ;sling a metadata bitmap (nt~t Shawn) as defined 3.n version 2.5 of the UbF
epea~.f ieation .
Altoxnatively, it is possible to perfozm the management of unreaordcd areas in tho metadata partition 43o by the L~ 405 in the tracts ~~, while maintaining unreaorc~ed areas in the metadata partition 430 unrecorded.
1d The method for alloaating tracks is not limited to the method shown in Fig~xre '7 . For example, more tracko can be allocated. It is possible to add a new track when it is required, while maintaining the state of the last txack in the user data area such that the new track can be added to the last track.
Next, With reference to a flowahaxt shown in Figure 8A, the procedure of the date x~eaording process will be described below.
~iesein, a ease where a data file (File-a) is to bee recorded in the informatian recording medium 100 is described as an example.
A plurality of physical addres$es are assigned to the da'~a area 202 of the information reaordirtg medium 100.
A plurality of logical addresses are assigned to the user data area l08 of the information reaordirrg medium 100. It is assumed that a corresponding relationship between the p~,urality of logical addresses and the plurality of physical addresses is predetermined.

_ ~,~ _ p3ai~a Eaeh of the plurality of logical addresses is represented by a logical ~aeatvr number (LSN) or s logical block address (LBA). Each of the plurality of physical addresses is represented by a physical sector number (FSN) orphysiaal blocx addrBSS (P8A) . Further, it is assumed that at least one tracx ie allocated is user data azca X,08.
( Step Bx01 ) prior tc~ recording the data file ( File-a ) , the dr~.ve control isection 311 performs a prepaxativn proaas~s for the data. recording. Such a preparation process for the datareaording is performed, for example, when the informatxvn recording medium 100 is loaded into the drive apparatus 3=0.
For e~samplg, the drives control saat3.on 3X,1 read$ the latest disc mariagemcnt information from the disc management information area 1Q4 (or the disc management 112formation area 105) of the information regarding medium 100.
The drive control section 311 obtains the user area start location information 1,103, the user area and location information 1104 , the spare area information 1145 and like from the disc management ~.nformation ire order to daterminB
a 8rimary logical address-physical a8dress mapping in-dieating the corresponding relationship between the plurality of ~.ogiaal addresses and the plurality of phys~.cal addresses assigned to the user data area 108.
Hereinafter, the drive control section 311 perfvx~ms translat~.on between the logical $ddxess and primary physical address in accordance with the primary logical ad-drgss-physical address mapping, The drive control section 311 obtains track P98152 ' management information xr~cluded ire the disc maaagen~ent information area 104_ ( Step S10Z ) The drive control section 311 receives a recording instruction from the host apparatus 308. The rewording instruction includes a logical address indirsat~.ng a location at which data is to be recorded. This logical address is represented, for exatnpl,e, by a ,logical sector number (-:.~N) ar a 3ogica,l h3~~.:~Wesae~ (t,BF~ . The r~cornlng instruction rinay 3nalude a single logiaai address ~,ndiaating a loaatzon at which single data is to be recorded, or it may inalud~ a plural~,ty of logical addresses indicating a plurality of locations at whissh a plurality of data are to be recorded respectively.
The log3.cal address includ~d in the rBaording instsuotion is determined, for example, by the host apparat~ixs 306 based on a logical address .~.ndioat~.ng a location eat whicsh data is to be recorded the next time:.,(i,e. a logical next ~0 veritable address (a logical NWA)).
The log~.cal NWA is output from th~ drive appe~ratuc 310 to the host apparatus 306 in response to a request from thehoet apparatus 308 to the drive apparatus 310, for example.
The logical NWA is obtained by translating the NWA
determined by ~xpr~esion (1) described above in aaaordanae pith the primary i,ogiaal address-physical address mapping.
This translation is performed by the drive control section 311. the procedure for determining the NWA end the ivg~..cal l~linTA will be descz-ibed later in detail ~.n, embod~,ment 2 of the invention.

The system control section 30t of the host appe.rstus 305 generator ondupdates file system information as necessary is order to record data file ( F:~~.e-a j . For example , the system control section 301 generates an FR (File-a~ for the data file ( File-a j and updates the ROOT directory Which is a parent directory of the data file ( File-a ) using the rnemcry cl.rcuit 302.
The generated F8 (File-a) for the data fi~.e (File-a) and the updated ROOT d~.rectory are recorded in the information recording medium 100 by outputt~.ng the recording instruction from the host apparatus 305 to the drive apparatus 3l0 . Thus, the latest file system ~.r~formation is reflected on the infarmatioa recording medium x.00.
If necessary, the host apparatus 30~ ~.rrquiros the drive apparatus 310 using a predetermined command as to whether or not there is any remaining unrecorded ar~a for performing a replacement recording.
The instrucstivns from the host apparatus 3O5 to the drive apparatus 310 may be a~ standardized cc~mmaxxd suoh as a SCST multi-media command.
Far e~arnp.Ze, a request for the logical NWA map be a READ TRACK INFORMATION command, and a recording instruction may be a WRITE command.
( Step s103 ) The dr~.ve oontrol sac'~~.on 311 translates the logioai address included ire the recording instruction received in step $102 into a physioal address in accordance with the primary logical address-physioal addrESS mapping.

( Step 5104 ) The dzive control section 311 determines a traok ( an opQn track ) of the at least one txack a~.llaaated in the user data area 108 based on the physical address corresponding to the logical address inoluded in the recording instruat~,on and the track management information 230 ( Figure 28) included in the disc management information.
The drive control section 31i determines a physical address indicating a ldcatxon at which data is to b~ reccxded the next time ( i , a . NWA ) within the determined track, based, on LRA X13 within the determined track. This NWA is a next writabie address determined in aaaordance with gxpreseion (1) desoribed above.
Z5 The NWA may be detsrmined ih step 5104. 711ter-natively, the N'G~A may be determined in other steps other than step 5104 (e.g. in the preparation proa~se~ fvr the data retarding desoribed above).
2o 8y calculating the NWA using the LRA, it is not necessary to hold the in,:farmation on the NWA in the tre.ck management information. As a result, it is possibl~ to simpl~.fy the data structure of the track management in-f orsnatiah .

( Step 8105 ) The drive control section 311 determin~s whether ar sot the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction is less tnan the NialA.
When it is~ determined that the physioal address corresponding to the logical addres s inalud$d irr the recording instruction is less than the NWA, the recording instruction is determined as a recording instruction for the recorded area in the user data area 108. In this oama, thm procG$s proceeds to step 8106. Otherwise, the process praoe~ds to step SZOS.
( Step 8106 ) The drive oontrol section 311 determines data to be recorded. Wh$n the data recording i8 perfvxmed as a unit of ECC cluster in the information recording medium 100, the drive control, section 311 determines thm data specified by the recording instruction as the data to be recorded. For o~camp~,e, if the recording location and the sirs of the data specified by the recording inst;notion matoh a boundary of tk~e ECC olusters, then an entire $CC cluster is~ rewritten. In this case, the drive control section 31~, determines the data itself specified by the recording instruction as they data to be recorded.
If it does not match aay boundary of the ECC clusters , then the drive control section 311 performs a read-modify-writs process described below. In this case, the drive control section 311 determin$~9 the data as a unit of ECC cluster wh~.ch is obtained during the read-modify-write process as the data to be recorded.
( step 510 ) The drive control ssotion 311 determines the recording location of the data determined in step B106.
Specifica~.ly, the drive aoz~trol s~ation 311. determines a specific location in the user data area 108, which is other than the location indicated by the physioal address oorr$Opvnding to the logical, address inciudedia the recording instruction, as the recording location of the data determined ~n step s~os.

The specific loaatiori may be the NAPA ~pvr~.thin the trs.c7c deter~ninad in step 510 .
Alternatively, the specific loaatiori may be a S loaat~,on indicated by an NWA Within an open tracle which is different from the tracl~ determin~d in step slo4. In this case, it is preferable that the NWA within the open track is en NW~r which ind~.cates a location which is alcsest to the location indicated by the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction.
( Step 5108 ) The drive control sEation 311 determines whether oz not the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction is egtxal to the NWS1.
When it is determined that the physical address aorre$ponding to the J.ogieal address included iri the r~eording instruatiQn is equal tc~ the NWA, th~ recozding instruction is determined a$ a recording instruction to the location indicated by the NWA. That is , the data recording instruatsd by the recording instruction is d~termiaed as an appending reaord~,ng (a new recording) , In this case, the prdaess proceeds to step Slo9. Otherwise, the process pxoceeds to step 5111.
( Step 6109 ) The drive control Section 311 determin~s data tc be recorded. Specifically, the r~rive control s~$r~t~.on 31~, determines the data speai~iedby the recording i~trstruction 9a as the data to b~ rcaorded.
Than, the drive control section 311 det~rminee whether or not the end of the data speai~ied by the recording instruction matches a boundary of the $CC alust~rs~ . If it does noW hatch the boundary of the ECC clusters, padding data (e.g. data consisting of one or more "00"h) i~ ~.reserted such th~st the end of the data after insertion matahas tho boundary of the ECC clusters . In this case, the drive aontroi section 311 determines the data after insertion as the data to be recorded.
( Step 5110 ) The drive control section ail determines the recording location of the data determined in step B10G .
speaifiaally, the drive control section 3L1 determines the location ind~.cated by the physical. address aorrespondxrig to the logical address included in the recording instruction ( 3, . a . the location indicated by the NWA ) , as the recording location of the data det~rmined in, step BiOb.
( Step 511.1 ) The dr~.we control section 311 performs an $rror process.
( Step s~.~.a ) The dr~,ve control section 311 performs a recording process for the determined recording location.
When the detarmi~nation result in step SiOS is "Yes" , the drive control seCtiox~ 311 vontrols the xe-cording/repraduction section 314 to record the data de-termined in step Slob at the recording lcc8tion determined in step 8107.
When the determination zesult in step 5108 ie "Yes", the drive control seatian iii controls the re-cording/reproduatior~ section 314 to record the data de-termined in step 5109 at the r$cording location determined irr step 51Ø

Further, tho drive control section 311 performs a verify process for the recorded data to detcxznine whether or not the data recording has succeeded . If the data recording S has suGGe~eded, then the process proceeds to step 8113.
If the data recording has fa~.led, then an unror~orded area in the sparo area (e.g. the inner spare area 106) or the user data area 108 i~c allocated as a replaCemer~t cluster, and the data is recorded in the rop~,acement cluster.
After the data recording has finally succeeded, the pracess proaeed$ to step 5.13.
For example, the proce~ssos of step 8106 and step sll2 described above is performed as a read-modify~write process (hercinaft~r RMW process).
According to the RMW process, firstly, the drive o control sect~.on 311 aoatrals the recording/reproduotion section 314 to reproduce the data recorded in the $CC cluster inaludiag a physical sector at a location indicated by the physical address corresponding to the logioal address included in the recording instruction, and it stores the data reproduced from the ECC alustor in the memory c~,rauit 312 (i.e. "read" proaes~s).
There is a~possibility that the ECC cluster to be reproduced is replaced with a replaceraQr~t cluster at the 3o time when the reproduction process is performed. The drive control section 31l ~cefers to the replacement management infox~nativrr ~"ist x,000, and, if necessary, it aontrol~ the recording/reproduction seatioh 3i~ to reproduce the data P38~.52 recorded its the replacement cluster. The procedure of the data reproduction referring to the replacement management information list 1000 will be described later.
Secondly, the drive control section 311 replaces the data recorded in the physical sector at the location indicated by the physical address aorresgonding to the loqice,3. address included in the recording instruction among the data reproduced from the ECC cluster with the data included in i0 the recording instruction (i.e. "modify" process). Aa a result , the data to be recorded in the replacement rsluster is obtained.
'r'hB drive control section 311 performs a read process and a modify process in steer 5106.
F~.gura 8B shows the steps performed when the read process and the modify process are performed in step 5106 shown ~.n Figure 8A. Each step shown in Figure 88 is perfozmed by the drive control sect3.oa 3l1 of the drive apparatus X10.
( Stap 8151 ) The drive control section 311 determines whether or hot the ECC cluster including the location, spaoif~.ed by the recording instruction has bean already replaced by an replacement cluster. Such a determination is made , f or example, by retrieving the replacement manag~ment informat3oa list 2000.
~f the replacement management informatics 1010 which s0 indicates the location specified by the recording instruction as original location is found, it is determined that the ECC alue~ter has been already replaced by the rap,laaement cluster and they process proceeds to step SlSZA. Otherwise, p~~i5a the process proceeds to step SiSaB.
By holding the determination result cf step Si51 as a va~.ue of the internal variable, it ins possible to refor to the value of the internal variabha. Hy rsiferring to the value of the internal variables, if aevESSary, in the steps other than step 5151, it is possible to determine Whether or not the SCC cluster inalud~,ng th~ location specified by th~a recording instruction has been already replaced by a replacement cluster. ThiB wakes it ~rossjble to avoid repeatedly perform~.ng the same process . For example, if trio determination result of step 8151 is "3t'es' , then the value of °1' may bend as the vc.luc of the interr~,al variable, and if the determination result of step 5151 is "No" , than the value of "0' may he~.d as the valuo of the internal variable .
St ep S i 82A ) The drive con trot seat ion 31 ~. d~termines tn~hether or not the RMW process is required. For example, if tire ~ location and the size specified by the recording 2a instruction matches a boundary of the ECC clusters then drive control section 311 determines that the RMW process is not required. If the location arid the size specified by .
the recording instruction do not mat~sh any boundary of the ECC clusters , then drive contxol section 311 determines that the RMW process is required.
If it ~.s determined that the RMW prc~ce~sa is requires, thcx~ the proaees proceeds to step SlS3. OtharHrise, the process proceeds to step BiST.
S~.milar to step 515,, by holding the determination .
result of step fiiSZA as a value of the internal variable, it is possible to refer to the value of the internal variable.

5~ _ P3B1.52 By referring to the value ref this internal variable, if neoes~ary, in the Steps other than step 8152A, it ig possible to determine whether or not the RD~IHT process is required.
( Step Sl5ge ) The drive control ~,ection 311 determines whether or not the RMW process is required. The process of step 5~,5~8 is the same as the process of step S152A.
( 5tep 8153 y The drive control section 311 controls the reaording/reproduation serxtion 3~.4 to reproduce the data recorded in the replacement cluster indicated by the replacement management information 1010 found in step E151, instBad of the ECC cluster including the vocation specified by the recording instrudtion, and stores the reproduced data in the memory circuit 312.
( Step 5154 ) The drivre control section 311 controls the reaording/reproduation section 314 to reproduce the data raCOrded in the ECC cluster including the location specified 2d by the rec4rding instruction, and stores the xeproduaed data in the memory circuit 31a.
Step 5155 ) The dri~re control section 37.1 replaces the reproduced data by the data specified by the recording instruction so as to generate a modified data.
( 5tep 8z5b ) The drive control section iii determines the modif~,ed data ae the data to be recorded i,n th~ information recording medium 100.
( Step 515 ) The drive control section 311 determines the data specified by the recording instruction as the data to be recorded in the information recording medium l0dr - so -Thus, the read process and the modify process are completed.
Thirdly, the drive cor~trol~ section 31i controls the reaording/reproduation seati~an 314 to record the d8ta obtained as a result of the modify process (i.e. the data to be recorded is the replacement cluster) in a location of the original ECC clust~r ( i . a . "write" proces a ) . The drive control section 311 performs write process in step Slt2.
Hrawewer, in the present invention, since the information reaording medium is a write-once reoc~rd~trig medium, it is not possible to actually record the data in a location of the orig~.r~al ECC cluster.
Accordingly, in the pre$eat inventlon,an unreaor~ed area in the gpare area such as the inner apart area x.06 or the user data area iC8 is allocated as a replacement cluster, and the updated data is recorded in the replacement cluster.
Further, tha drive control section 311 perfortas a verify process to determine whether or not the data reCOraing has succeeded. ~lhsn it ~.s determined that 'Che data rcaording Z5 has succeeded, the process proceeds to step sil3, When it is dets~rmined that the data re,oord~,ng has failed, an unrocorded area in the spare area gush as the inner spare area 106 or the user data axes 108 is allocated as a furthex replacement cluster, and the data is recorded in the further raplaaement cluster.
After the data recording has finally succeeded, the _ ~1 _ process proceeds to step 5113.

When the area speoifi~d by the recording in.struation aorrespvnds to an entire ECC cluster, the entire ECC block is rewritten . In this case, 'the read process described al~ave is not required.
( Step 5113 ) The drive control sect3.on 311 generates replacement management information 1010 in accordance with the process in step Sila, and stores the replaaetne~t management information 1010 in memory circuit 31a. Far example, in step Slla, when the drive control section 311 controls the r$cording/repraduction section 314 to record data at a specific location in the user dat$ axes 108 where~.n the specific location iB any loaatiar~ other th$t~ txxe location indicatedby the physical address corresponding to the logical address included 3.n the recording in$truction, the drive control section. iii generates replaaem$ht management information 1010 which maps the physical address corre-sponding to the logical address included ~.n th~ recording instruction to a physical address indicating the specific location.
It is pas~sibla to determine whetlxer or not the replacement management ~.nformation 1010 having the original location infarynation 101, which indicates the same location as the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction, is found in the existing replacement management information list lOQO by retrieving the existing replaaemer~t management ir~tormation l~.st 1000.
If it is found, the drive aorrtrol section 311 updates p3slsa s tl~e replacement management information x.010 so as to set the physical. address indio$tioa of the specific address as a new replacement location information 1013.
If it is not found, the drive control section 811 generete0 r~ew replacement management information i0i0 and adds the new rap3,acement management information 1010 to the repls,cement management information list 1000.
to NBxt, the dr~.ve control Oection 311 e~orte the replacement management information list 1000. For example, the drive control section 311 scrt0 the replacement management infarraativn list 2000 by the status information 1011, arid then sorts it by the physical address s indicated by the original location information 10,2.
Thus, a new'rcplaoement ms.nagem8nt information list 1000 incitxding the replacement management information 1010 which maps the physical address aorrespanding to the logical address included in the recording instruction to the phymiGal address indicating the specific la~at~.on is generated.
(Step 5114) The drive control sectiar~ 3l1 updat~as the disc management information to reflect the recording process described above. For example, the drive control section 311, updates the last reGOrded addre$s information 1107. In add~.tion, the drive control section S11 updates the LRA 21,3 in each track management ~.ntTormation 210 corresponding to the tracks in which data have bean recorded to reflect the latest recording statue.
Further, the dxive control section 31i generates the netr~ disc management information including the updated P~~iSa information such as the new replacement management in-formation list 1000 and track management information 2x0.
In addit~.on, the drive control section 311 sets the re-plaoament management information list location information i10~ and the aess~.orr management information location information 1109 included in the nrw d~.sc management information tv ~.ndioate the latest reaordirxg location of the acw replacement management information list 1000 and traokman8gcment information 210 on the information recording medium 100.
The drive aor~trol section 311 controls the re-cording/reproduction section 3~.4 to reoor~ the new disc management information in a predetermined area (e.g. a temporaJ» disc management information area ) on the information rsoording medium 100 . Thu~3, the disc managamr~nt information is updated to reflect the latest status.
When the data recording is completed, the drive a0 apparatus 310 cs.n notify the host apparatus 305 of the result of the recording prooes a . Thg result of the recording process ~.s, for example, information indicating that the data recording has succeeded or failed.
5uoh a notification can be sent to the host apparatus 306 at a predetermined timing. For example, it io possible to send this notification to the host apparatus 305 at the timing of the snd of step 5108 or at the timing when an error occurs in step 5112. Alternatively, it is possible to send this notification before the data recording is actually completed. For example, it is possible to sendanot3,fication indicating that the data recording is completed to the host apparatus 305 at the timing when the interpretation of the received record instruction is completed correctly.
xn the replacement recording process , it is pos$ibla to retrietre an unrecorded area in a direction along which I
the PSNs are increased from the location of the original ECC cluster. If the unrecorded area is found during the retri8val, the unrecorded area is allocated as a replacement i cluster. i Alternatively, it is possible to first retrieve an I
i unrecorded area in a track including the original ECC Cl~lxster, i and then retrieve an unrecorded area for each track iri a ' direction along Which the PSNe are increased from the track. j When the retrieval for the unrecorded area reaches the end of the user data area 108 without f ihding any unreGC~rded area, it is pvasible to retrieve an unrecorded area is the outer spare area 107 following the user data area 108.
Further, the retrieval for the unrecorded area reaches the end of the outer spare area 109 without f inding any unrecorded area, it is possible to retrieve an unrecorded area in a direction along which the PENS are increased from a predetermined J.ocation at the inner side of the information r$cording medium 100 ( a . g , a leading position of the inner spare arena 106 or a leading position of the user data area i08 or a location apart from its leading position by a predetermined distance).
3o In steps SiOS and 5108 of the pracedtxre of the record~.ngprooess , it is determined whether the data recording is a pseudo-overwrite recording or an appending recording by comparing thaphysioal address corresponding to the logical ~ddres0 ~.ncluded 3~n the recording instruction with the Nt~IA.
The reason why it is determined whether the data recording is a pseudo-overwrite recording or an appending recording based on such a cvmpari$on i$ th~xt they ir~fox~raat~.on reCOrdirig medium 100 is a write-once recording medium arid that a sequent~.al recording is performed for the write-once recording medium.
The replacement recording method using the user ddt~
area described above according to the present invention is $ppllCable to any rewritabie optical disc. However, in order to determine whether the data recording i~ s ovesrwr3.te recording or an appending recording (or a new recording) for the r$wxitable optical ~3lso, a more complex process is required. This 3s because, in the case of the xewritable vp'~ica~. disc, it is possible to randomly rewrite data at an arbitrary location on the optical disc.
24 l~lhen the drive apparatus manages an unrecorded area on the rewritable optical disc as described in the embodiment above, it is necessary to manage rep,~acement management information aorresporsd,~.ng to all ECC clusters on the rewritabie optical disc using the SDL, as described in the background art of the present specification, for example.
Further, is order to determine whether the data recording for recording data at a corta~,~t location in the user data area is an overwrite rewording or a new recording, it ~.s necessary to retrieve an entire replacement management information list 1000, for exemp~.e. Similarly, ire order to determine wh$ther or not an ECC cluster is used as a repi~.oe~nent cluster, it ~.s necessary to retrieve an entire r~plaaement management information list 1000. The amount of such a - ss p~$s5x retrieving process is ir~oreased as the size of the replacement managar~ant information list 1440 is increased. This should be a problem since the capacity of the optical d~.sc is being increased more cad more.
On the other hand, in the present invent~.on, since the information recording medium 100 is awrite-once recording medium, it is ensured that every area in s track which has an addxess less than the NWA is as unrecorded area.
Aacordingly,by performing th$ comparison described iri steps 5105 and 5108, ~.t is possible to easily determine whether the data reoording is a pseudo~overwrite recording or an appending recording, regardless of the size of the rep~.acement management information list 1000. Further, it is possible to easily select a replacement ciuater since the replacement cluster can be selected from any location after the NWA.
~0 Trie pseudo-overwrite recording in a random recording method for a write-once optical disc is performed is a similax way as the rewritable optical disc.
Further, in order to perform the random recording method for the writ~-once optical~disa, a special stzuature such as the space bitmap management information 220 i.s i required. The management of the unrecorded area for the random recording method using the space bitmap management information 220 r$quires significe.ntiy greater processing load to the drive control section 311, art~mpared to the management of the unrecorded area for the sequential recording method.

P3$15~
_ 5~ _ In particular, in the sequential recording method, it is possibl8 to limit the number of open tracks to s predetermined number (for example, four at maximum) sa that the utilization of a files system is not seduced.
In this case, the number of open traoks depends on the structure of the file system, and it is independent from the eapaaity of the optical disc. On the other hand, the size of the epees bitmap management information Zap xs increased as the capacity of the optical disc is ~.ncreased.
As e~ rasu~.t, the processing load 1s a~.so increased.
Thus, fihe effect of thG present invention for performing a pseudo-o~trerv~rite in tho sequential recording method is vary significant for the optical disa, since the capac~.ty of the optical di~rc ~.s being increased more and more.
one feature of the present invention ~.s to determine an NWA in accordance with LRA a13 included in the latest track management information Z10 and $s~pression ( 1 ) in order to determine whether the data recording i$ a pseudo-overwrite recording or an appending raoo~tding.
By recording the LR,A 213, which has been updated as a result of the data recording, on the disc, it is possible to reduce tlae time rewired to find the latest LRA Z13 when the information recording medium 100 is loaded into the drive apparatus 310.
8y calculating the NWA using the LRA 213, it is not necessary to hold information on the NWA in the track information. As a result, it is possible to 6~ititplify the P381$2 data structure of the track management information.
In order to det~rmine whither the data recording is a pseudo-overwrite recording or an appending recording without using a method according to the present invention, the following procedure is required, for example.
Spaaifiaally, the procedure includes the steps of determining a track including a physical address Cvrre-mpondix~g to the logical address included in the recording instruction, sequentially check3.ng ECC oluste~r$ from a leading position of the determined track, and determining whether or not each of the ECC clusters is recorded.
18 ~f the ECC cluster is in a recorded state at a location indioatedby the recording instruction, then it is determined that the data raao~;ding is a pseudo-overwrite r~COrding.
i However, it is not preferable to perform such a procedure sinus the amount of the required procese3,ng is increased ess the size of the traayt, is ~tncreasad.
On the other hand, aoaording to the present invention, it ie possible to easily determine whether the data recording is a pseudo-overwrite recording or an appending recording, regardless of the size of the track. i Further, since LRA Z13 is included in the track rnar~agement info~aation ai0, ~.t is possible to sasilydetermine an N~TA as well as the determination of a track in which the data is to be recorded when the drive a$paratus 310 receives i i the recording inetruation.

p~eisa - ~~ -Figure 9 shows a data st;tucture on the information recording medium 100 after the data file has besen rsc~orded in accordance faith the procedure of the data recording.
Referring to Figure 51, data file ( ~'~.la-a ) 460 is described as an example of the data file. It is assumed that a defaCt~,ve cluster #1 and a defective cluster #a era detected in the data f~.le (File-a) 460 in the procedure of the data recording.
to The disc management information including ra-placemtnt management information irrdiaating~ a replacement of the defective cluster #1 with a replacement cluster #1 and a replacement management information indicating a replacement of the defective cluster #a with a rcplaeement alustex #2 is recorded in the disc management sr~farmatic~n area 104.
As shown ~.n Figure 9~ the replacement cluster #1 is recorded in the inner spare ar$s 306 and the replacement cluster #2 ~.s recorded in the user data ar8a 108.
The content of the data file ( File-a ) 460 is updated by thg pseudo-overwrite recording, Specifically, an overwritten cluster #3 and an overwritten cluster 9p4 correspond to the updated portions of the data file (File-a) 460 according to the pseudo-overwrite recording.
The new data updated by the pseudo-o~ttarwrite recording is recorded in a replacement cluster #3 assigned as the substitute for the overwritten cluster #3 and ie reaosded is a replacement cluster #4 assigned $s the substitute for the overwritten cluster #4, The oorre-pssl5a sponding repiav~nent information is recorded in the di$c management information area 104.
As shown in Figure ~, the rap7.accment cluster ~3 ie i assigned in the inner spare area 106 and the replacement cluster #4 is assigned in the user data area 108.
l-5. Procedure of reproduatioa proveas (l) With reference to a flowchart shown in Figure 10, a reproduction process for a file is described. Harairi, a reproduction process for thg c'lata file (File~a) 460 shown in Figure 9 is described as an example.
(Step 8a0i) Prior to performing a reprpduction process, the drive control section 311 performs a preparation process for the data reproduction. Such a, preparation process for the data reproduction is performed, for example, when the ihformatian recording medium l00 is loaded into the drive apparatus 3~,0.
For exempla, the drive control savtion 3i1 reads dimc management information from the disc management information area 104 (or the disc management information Grad 105) of the information recording medium 100.
The drive control section 31l obtaine~ user area start location ir~f ormation 1103 , user area end location information 1104, spare area information ii05 and 111~e from the disc management information to generate a primary logical address-physical address mapping indicating they corre-sponding relationship between the plurality of logical address8s and the plurality of phy$~,cal addresses assigned _ 7~, _ to the usez data area 108.
P381$2 Hereinafter, the dr~Lva apparatus 310 performs translation be~Gwreen the logical address cad the primary physical address in aaoo~rda~nce with primary logical ad~
dress-ph~rsical address mapping.
( step S30a ) The system oontrol section 301 outputs a reproduction instruction to the drive apparatus 310 to reproduce an AVDF zccordBd at a pradeterm~.ned location ( a , g .
LSN=256 ) of the info~rmat~.on recording medium 100.
The AVDP is a data structure defis~ed by the UDF
spso~.f~,cation as an anchor point of the file system in-formation. The AVDP is recorded in the volume structure area 410 and the volWn$ structure area 411.
Step 6x03 ) The system control seotion 301 obtains location information of a main volume descriptor sequence 41071 recorded in the volume structure area 410 from the AVDP.
The system control section 301 outputs an instruction to the drive apparatus 310 to reproduoe the maih ~rolum~ structur$
410A.
Further, the system control section 30~, obtains location informat~,on ( LSN ) of an FE ( metadata fi3.c ) 441 by retrieving the data structur8 from the roproduced main Volume descriptor ~equenc8 410A in steps.
( Step 504 ) The systeta control section 301 reproduces a file structure. In order to reproduce the file atruoture, the system control ~sect~.on 301 outputs a reproduction in~struotion to the drive apparatus 310 basQd on the obtained P3gisa location information (LSN) of the F8 (mctadata file) 441 to reproduce the FE (metadata file) 441.
The system control suction 30l obtains location I
information of a metadata file 440 from they reproduced FE
(metadata file) 441. As a result, it ie poss~xble to access the metadata fi~.e 440. I
Step Sa05 ) In aCCOrdance raith the procedure of the data reproduction based on the UDF specification, the FD6 433, the FE (ROOT) 443, the F8 (Fiip-a) 443 and the data file (File-a) 46o ar$ rcproduoed in th~,s order. The description of the reproduction of the directory tile is omitted.
In each step in the reproduction prooe~s described, above, a reproduction instruction is output from the host apparatus 30s to the drive apparatu~9 31~ , The drive control seatiot~ 311 of the drive apparatus 310 receives the rQ-production instruction frG~n the host apparatus 306, and, performs a reproduction process ire accordance with the reproduction instruction.
The reproduction instr~t~t~.ox~ includes a logical addr~ss indicating a location from which data is to be reproduced. Th$ logical addr$ss ~.s, for exempla, rep-resented by a logical sector number (LSN). Alternatively, the logical address may be represented by a logical blacle address (LHA). The reproduction instruction is,for example, a READ Command.
The drive control section 31i translates the logical address included in the reproduction inet~uction into a physical address in acaordanoe t~ith thG primary logical address-physical address mapping ( for example, ae,~e Figure i~).
The drive control suction 311 determines Whethesr ar nc~t the replaaemant management infc~rtnation 1010 having th~
original location information 10~.a, which indl0atee the same lpoat~.on as the physiaal address corresponding to the logical address included in the reproduction instruction, is found in the rcplacemEnt management information list 1000 by retrieving the replacement management infoxznation list 1000 .
If it is found, the drive control section 37.1 refers to the replaaama~xt location information 1013 of the ra-placement management information 2030 and controls the reaording/reproduation section 3~,4 to reproduce data from the location Indicated by the replacement location in-formation 1013.
If it is not found, the drive Control section 3i1 eontrolsthe recording/repraductionseation 314 to reproduce data from the loa4t~.on indicated by the physical address c~drra$pvndiag to the ~.ogiaa3. addrae~s included in the reproduction instruction. The reproduced data is sent back Z5 to the host apparatus 305.
1-6 . provednre of recording prot~e~~tp ( 2 ) figure 11 shvwis a data structure o~ the replaaem~snt management ~.nformation 14108. The replacement management information 1010H is a different embodiment of the replacement management information 1010 shovrm in F~.gure 5H.

i ~3sisz - ?4 -As shown in Figure il, the status information 1011 of the replacement management information 10108 includes three information, i.e. Flagl, Flag2 and F,a,ag3.
Flag1 is informat~.on for alassifyir~g the replacement management information 10108. Flagl includes information indicating whether the replacement information is for the purposB o~ the replacement recording or for the purpose of the dee~.gnation of the defective cluster. .
Flag2 is information on the recording location of the replacement alustermaaaged by the replacement management information 10108. Flag2 invludes ~.aformation indicating tnthether the recording location of the replacement cluster is in the spare area (or theze is no replacement clustery or the reaord~.ag location of th$ xeplaoament Cluster is in the user data arse.
Flag3 is information on the number of the vlusters ZO managed by the replaceyne~nt management ir~foxmation lOlOB.
Flag3 includes information indicating Whether the re-placement information corresponds to a single cluster or a plurality of contiguous clusters. Then the replacement information corresponds to apiuralityof contiguous clusters, Flag3 further includes information indicating wheth$r tk~e zeplaaement information corresponds to a staxt location of the contiguous range or an end location of the contiguous range.
Hereinafter, With reference to Figure li, the procedure of the data recording according tv the present invention will be described in detail.

- '~ rJ -The symbols at the right side of Figure ii represent the rsspeative types Qf thG replaaeraent management in-formation. These symbols are referred to in the desasiption below, if necessary. For estamp,le, the replacement man-s ageraent information ( type ( 1 ) ) includes the status in-formation 1011 such that Fl,ag1=1 (for the purpose of the replacement recording) , Flag2-Q (for the replacement in the spare area) and Fiag~=00 (for a single c~.uster) . This replacement management infornnation ( type ( 1 ) ) may' be denoted lp by the replaaemrnt management information (1).
Figure la shown an example of the dat:~, strlxcturs of the physical addross space and the logical address space on the ~.nformation recording medium 100 according to the 15 present invention.
Figure ig also shows a corresponding relationship between the logical sector number (LSN) arid the physical sector numbor ( PSN ) in a pximary state . The logical sector 2p number (LSN) is a ,logical address itsd3.aating a location which is seen from the host apparatus 305 orr the information recording medium 100 . The physical sector raumber ( pSN ) is a physical address indicating ah actual location on the information reaor~.ing medium loo. This corresponding 25 relationship is referred to as a primary logical ad-dress-physical addressmapping. Thismapping isrepresent$d by' broken line arrows in Figure la (or otizer figures).
Each row shown in Figure i~ corresponds to one ECC
30 olustex. InFigurei~, apiaysiaaladdress (PAN) andalogiaai address ( LSN ) corresponding to th,e physioa3_ address ( PSN ) are shown in the same row.

i i P3$152 - ~8 -In Figuxe 12, the values of the PSNs arid the hSNs a,ra shown as the values c~f the PSNs s,nd the LSNs from the first sector to the last sector in the eorrespondi~rg ECC
cluster.
Herein, it is assumed that one ACC aluet~ar Cor~s~iete of 32 sectozs. However, one gCC cluster may be any other configuration.
The PSNS are assigned to the inner spaare area 106, the cuter spare area 10~ and the user data area 108.
The tracks arc allocated from a laadis~g position of the uaea~ data area 108. Irr the state shown in Figure l2, since no data i$ recorded, the LRA $00 designates a leading position of the user data area 108.
Ths LSNs era assigned to only the user data area 108 (or the volusae spaoe 109).
mhe host apparatus 305 instructs a zecording process or a reprodOCtion process. These instructiorre specify a spccifio logical sector on the information reoording medium 100 Ltsiz~g the LSN.
The drive apparatus 310 translates the LSN received from the host apparatum 306 into a pSN using the primary logical address-physical address mapping, and accesses a physical sector or ECC alust~r in accordance with the PSN.
In the replaaemerit recording described hereinafter, the primary logical address-physical addree~s mapping is basically used. When the logical address-physioal addre~9s mapping other thah the primary logical address-physioa~, address mapping is required, the replaaerae,~nt management information 1010 is u9ad.
The values of the PSNs and the LSIvis are only examples for explanation, These values can be varied dap$ndir~g on the structure and the GapacaLty of the informe~tion recording medium 100.
As described above, the size of th$ disc management information and the spare area can be changed. Tha size of these is determined at the time when the format process is performed in response to an instruction from the host apparatus 305. After the format process, the start location and the end location of the user d$ts area 108 is not changed.
In this flare, it is possible to determine a re-~.ationship of the primary logical 8,ddress-physical address mapping uniquely (e. g, by a predetermined calculation)from information of the disc structure information 11,00 (t. g.
in more detail, user area start location information 1103, user.area end location information 1104, spare area in-formation 1105 and like) inoltxdcd in the disc management information.
With reference to Figure0 ix to 178, an exemplary use of the replacement management information 10~.OB shown in Figure 11 wi3,1 be desarib$d.
Firstly, the transition from the state shoWrr in Figure 1a to the state shown in Figure 1311 ~.s described.
The host apparatus 305 instructs to record data "R"

P3slsa ' - ~~ _ at a location of LSNCO.
Upon the reaeip~t of the recording instruction, the drive apparatus 3t0 translates LSN=0 into PSN~1100 in eccvrdancewith the primary lQgiaal address-physical address mapping and records data °A~~ at a location of PSN=1100.
Next , the drive apparatus 310 performs a verify process for the recorded data. Herein, it is assumed that the reao~rding of data "A" has succeeded.
The host apparatus 305 instructs to record data "A1' at a location of LSN~O.
Upon the receipt of the recording instruction, the drive apparatus 310 translates LSN-0 ~.nto PSNm1100 in aocvrdanoe with the primary log~,cal address-physical address mapping and performs a RMW proaasm at a location of PSN=1100.
Then, the drive apparatus 3~.0 reaord~ data °A1° at a ~,oaation of PSN=100 in the inner spare area 30b.
The drive apparatus 810 generates re~p,lacement management information 5t1. The location of PSN=1100 at which data "A" ie recorded is set to the original location of the xeplaaement m8nagement informdtl,on 511 . The location of PSN=100 at which data "A1" is recorded is set to the replacement location of the replacement management in formation 511, The status information 1011 of the re placement management information 511 is ect in acaorddnce w~.th Figure ii, The replacement management infcrmat~,oa 6~.~, cor-responds to solid i~.ne arrows shotnm ~.r~ Figure 13A. The tail of each arrow represents the original location of the rcplaaement management information 511 and the head of each arrow represents the replaaament location of the replacamcnt management information 511. ~ereinafter,a similar notation will be used.
In the state shown in Figure 13A, the host apparatus 305 instructs to record data "H" at a looat~,on of ~5N=2.
HQrein, it is assumed the~t the recording of data "8" hs.s failed. Then, the data "B" is reaardad at a location of PS1V=132 in the inner spare area 106.
Th~a replacement management information 5~.2 is generated in raspc~nse to this rapiaaement re~oording. The location of FSN=1032 is set to the vziginal looatlon of the rcplaaement management information 51a. The location of PSN-132 is set to the reple~.oement location of the rrt~placement management information 512. The Otatuxs information 1011 of the xcplaasment management information 51~ is set in aaaordenee with Figure 11.
the data allocation and the replacement management information list after the data recording described above is completed are shown in Figures 13A and Figure Z38, z5 respeotive~.y. In the replacement management information list 1000A shown ~.n Figure 13H, the replacement m8nagement information (1) is used.
With reference to Figures 1~4,p and 148, the ca.5os where the replaoem~ont management information ( 4 ) and ( 7 ) arc used will be 8eecribed.
The host apparatus 306 instructs to record data "C"

at a location of LSN-G4. ~n acoordanae with the recording instruction, the drive apparatus 31.0 records data."C' at a location of PSN=11~4. Herein, it is aes~umed that the recording cf data "C' has failed. Then, a recorded area is the user data area iC8 (PSN=1196) is allocated and th$ data "C" is reoarded at a lod8vt3,an of PSN-1196 instead of the ~.ocation of PSN=1164.
The replacement management ~.r~formation 513 is generated in response to this replacement re~COrding.
The host appar8.tus 305 instru~st8 to record data "D"
at a lacatioa of LSN=128. Then, the hoe~t apparatus 305 itsstruats to record data "D1" . Herein, it is assumed thvat the recording of data "D1" has failed. Then, the data "D1"
is rec~rrded at a location of PSN=129x.
The replaaa~nent management infazmation 514 is generated in response to th~,s replaaement.recarding.
P5N=1260 indicates a location of a defective cluster, wherein there is no replacement alust~r corresponding to the defective cluster. Then, the replacement management information 515 is generated.
The host apparatus 305 in$tructs to rsaord data "D2"
at a location of LSN=128. Then, the data "D2' is recorded 8t a location of PSN=1324.
The replacement managamerrt information 514A is generated ~.n response to this replacement recording. The replacement mahs,gement inforrae~tion 614 becomes unnecessary.
Aacordiagly, th~ replacement management information 514 is - $1 -deleted from the replacement management information list 1000.
After the recvrdiag process described above is completed, the location of the LRA ie updated to a location indicated by 500B.
The replacement management information list 10008 (Figure l~8) is sorted by Flagl of the status irsfosmation iOl3, and then it is sorted by the value of PSN indicsated by tho original location information lOla.
With refers,nve to Figures 15A and 1513, the aasee~ whore the replacement management 3.nformation ( 5 ) end ( 6 ) era used w3.11 be described.
Tha host apparatus 30S instructs to record data ~8"
at a location of LSN=~56~~X1. Here~irr, it is assumed that the recording of data "E" has failed. Then, the data "E"
~,s recorded at a location of PSN=x2~wx3. The replacement management information 516 and the replacem$nt management information S17 arc generated. Each of the replacement management information 5l6 and 517 indicates the first PSN
of the ECC cluster aorrespondiag to a start location of the Z5 replacement recording and the first pSN of the FsCC cluster oorrsr~ponding to an end location of the replacement recording .
In the state shov~m in F~.gures 16A and ibB, the host apparatus 305 instructs to record data "E1" at a location 3p of LSN=256~X1. Then, the data "E1" ~.s reeordedat a lactation of PSN=x4~rx5, v~thiGh are an recorded area, 3.n the state shown ire Figure 16A .

paaisz - az -The replacement management infox~nation 61611 is generated as information indicating a start point of the replacement recording. They replacement management in-formation Si~A i$ generated as information indicating an end point of the replaaament recording. w At this time, the replacement management information 51b arid Sly become unnecessary. Accordingly, the re-placement management information S16 and 517 are deleted from the zeplaaement management ~,s~formation list 1000.
In the examples shown in Figurea 15A and l.bA, all of data, arc reoorde8 in the uee~c data area x.08 as a r~ast~lt of the replacement recording. However, it is possible to record these data in the inner spare area 106. In this case, the replacement management information ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) era used.
As described in refarer~aG with Figure SA, the updated replacement management information list is recorded in the disc management information area.
l-T. Procedure of reprodnc~tion process (Z) In order to reproduce th$ retarded data, they fol7,owing r$production proaes~s is performed.
Prior to perf orming a reproduction process , the drive aontral section ~3i3. perfarma a preparation pzoccss for the data reproduction. such a preparation proces$ for the data reproduction is performed, for example, in a manner similar to step g~01 described above.
For example, in the state shown is Figure 13A, the p38~,52 host apparatus 305 Outputs a reproduction instruction to the drive apparatus 3t0 to reproduce data "B" at a location of LSN=32. 'the drive apparattx$ Sin translates th~a locat~.on of LSN=32 into a location of P5N~1132 in accordance with the primary logical address-physioai address mapping.
Ths drive apparatus 310 retrieves the replacement management informativz~ having a location of 8SN=2132 as an original location in the latest replacement ms,nagement ~,nformation list 1,000.
=n this ease, the r$placement management irsfarma~tion 5ia is found, the drive apparatus 310 obtains a laaatioh of FSN=132 as a rep~.acement lactation.
The drive apparatus 310 reproduogs data °8" frons the location of PSN-13~ and sends the reproduced data back to the host apparatus 305.
2D Even if the ~Sh1 specified by the host apparatus 30S
is changed, the drive apparatus 310 performs the same rsprod~.ctionprocess. Specifically, the driveapparatu~s 3i0 translates the received LSN int4 a pSN in accordance With the primary logical address~physiaal address mapping, and determines whether ar nQt tlxe replaoement management information corresponding to the PSN is found in the replacement management information list 1000 . If it ie found, th~n the data is reproduoed from the replacement cluster.
If ~.t is not found, then; the data is reproduced from the 3~1 PSN.
As dasaribed above, it is possible to use the user data area lO8 as an area for a replacement location without p38152 ' any loss in thepgex~do-overwrite recording for the information recording medium 100.
i-8. grooedure of reaordiag praoess (3) F~.gure l8 shows a d8ta structure of a DFL entry 3010.
The DFL entry a0i0 ie a different embodiment of the replacement management information l,OlO and the repiacentent management inforiaation 10108 described above.
~, 0 The DFL entry x010 includes status 1 aOiiA, status 2 ZOli.~, a defective cluster first PSN 2012 and a replacement cluster 1$adi~ng PSN 3013. ThG status 1 2011A s,nd the status 2 307, i8 correspond to the statu$ information 1011 described above. The defective ciu~ter first 8SN x0i2 corresponds to the original location information 1012 described above . The replacement alue~ter ffirst P8N 2013 corresponds to the replacement location sz~formation 1013 described above.
Herein, similar to th~r explanation with reference to figure 58, the defective cluster first PN8 3013 and the rGplaaement cluster first PSN 2013 may be repragented by a phgsical address (e.g. PSN) of the first sector in the corresponding ECC cluster. This ie because a mapping is performe9 as a unit of ECC cluster in the defGative management and the pseudo-o~ct'orwrite recording.
The status 1 2011A includes at least informat~.on corresponding to Flagi and Flag2 in the repl~o~nent management information ~,OlOH, For example, When the status 1 301iA has avalus of "1000" , it is determined that there is no replacement Glu~ster for the replacement information. This corresponds to a case where Flag2-0 a,nd there is no replacement cluster.

85 _ P38~.52 In this oa~se, a valLr;e of °0" is set to the rep7.acement cluster first PSN X013.
On the other hand, when there $xis~ts a replacement cluster, a value of °0000" is set to the status 1 2011J1.
This eorr$sponde to a vase where Flag2=0 and there is a replacement cluster.
The status 2 2O1I8 includes at least information corresponding to Flag3 in the rep~.acemant management information 1010. For example, when the statue 2 ~t0119 has a value of °0000a, it is determined that th~ replacement infox7mation aorre~sponds to a, e~.r~gae cluster. This oorraspor~ds to a ease where Flag3-00.
When the ets'~us 2 ~d119 has a valuev of "0001°, it is determined that the replacement infvx~aation aorrcsponds to a location of the first sector of a start ~~,t~ster of a contiguous range including a plurality of a.~.usters . Th~,s ZO corresponds to a ease where Flag3~~02. When th8 status ~ 2011H
has a value of "0010", ~.t is determined that 'rhea replacement infvrmat~.on corresponds to a location of the last sector of an end vlc~stGr of a aontiguous~ grange ~.noluding a plurality of clusters . This cora~csponds t0 a C$~$ VvYh4~C Flag3=10 .
The DFL entry ~0~.0 oan be applied to a3.1 embodiments.
With re~erenae to the de~ta structure of the DFL entry X010 shown in Figure 18 and the flotvchart shown in Figure 191, an exemplary proaes~s for the replacement management information in step x113 of Figure B!1 will be d$scxibcd in detail, .

8b -Herein, it is assumed that thud replacement recording far the pseudo-overwrite r$cording is p~rformed in step Bila shown in Figure SA and then the pratses~r proaeedm to step 5113.
s (step 5301) It is determined whether thQ
pseudo-overwrite recording is a first t3.n~a replaaemerit retarding or a second dine or more replacement recording, 14 This detarmir~ation is por~o~aed, for example, by retrieving a DFL entry 3010 having a value of th~ first PSN
of the SCC cluster including the physical address cor-responding to the logical address included in the recording instruction as a value of the defGative cluster f3.rst pSN
15 sole in the latest replacement management information list.
Tho physical address corresponding to the logical address inc~.uded in the recording instruction is obtained in step 8103 shown in Figure 81~.
20 This latest replacement management informat~.on list is reproduced ~rom the disc management information area and is stored in the memory circuit 31a 3,n step 5101 (Figure 8J1 ) , f or example .
~5 When the oorresporrd3.r~g replacemarit management information (e.g. the DFL entry a010) is not found in the replacement managetner~t ~.nformation list, it is determined that the pseudo-overwrite recording ie a first time re plaeement recording. As a result, the protse~9s proceeds to so stop s30a.
When the corresponding replace=nant management information ~.s found is the replacement man$gement in-_ 87 forxnatic~n list, it is dcterm~.r~ed thai,t the pseudo-overwrite ~cecording is a second time or more replacement recording.
As a result, the proaes~ prr~caed~9 to step X304.
Whether the pseudo-ovarw~cite recording is a first time replacement recording or a second time oar more re plaaesnent recording may ba predetermined in another step.
For example, it racy ba predotermined in step 5.06. The determ~.nation result is step 5106 may be held ar~,d may be used in step 8301.
( step 830a ) The f ~.rst time replacement recording is perfor~nod as follows.
The drive control section 3l1 creates a new DFL esctry ZO10 and Stores it in the memory circuit 313.
i Step 5303 ) The drive control sectis~n 31Z seta values to the DFL entry aoio.
An appropriate va~.ue is set to the status 1 301111 of the DFL entry 2010. For examplQ, when the replacement recording is performed with the replacement cluster, the value of "0000" is set to 'the status 1 20117 of the D~'L entry 3010.
A value of a first riSN of the ECC cluster located at the physical address corresponding to the logical address ~.rrcluded in the recording instruction is set to the defact~.ve alu~9ter first PsN 2013 of the DFL entry 20x0.
A value of a first PSN Qf the replacement cluster in wh~,ch the data ie actually reoord.e~d in the replacement _ 8$ _ p3e~5a recording is set to the replacement cluster first PSN a013 of the DFL Qntry ~0~0.
Are appsapriate value is set to the status Z 201,1H
of the DFL entry a010, Far example, when the replacement reoordix~g is performed for the s~.rrgle cluster, the value of "0000" is sat to the status 2 20118 of the DFL entry 2010.
(Step 5304) Th~ second time or more replacement recording is performed as follows.
The process proceeds to step 5305 in order to update the DFL entry 3010 whioh has been found in step 5301.
( Step 5305 ) The status 1 ~O~.IA of the DFL ~ntry 2010 is updated to a~n appropriate value. For e~caxaple, when the replacement recording is performed and there exists a replaoemaht c~.uster, the value of "0000" is set to th~ status 1 a011A of the DFL entry x010.
Th$ rep,lacement oluster first PSN a013 of thr~ DFL
entry 2010 is updated to a value of a first pSN of the i replaoamant cluster in which the data is aotually recorded i in the replaoement recording. That ie, the looation of a new replacement cluster is set. j zt is not necessary to update the detectiv~ oluster first PSN 2pi~ of the DFL entry 2010, since the second time or more repiaoement reoording is performed for the soma ECC
34 oluster. The defective cluster first PSN 2012 of the DFL
entry a010 maintains the same value. I
The status a 20118 of the DFL entry 3010 is updated 89 _ P3815f;
to an appropriate value, for exasaple, when the replacement recording is performed for the sing~.e cluster, the Value of "0000" is set to the status 2 2011.8 of they D8L entry 8010, ( Step 530 ) According to the process mentioned abo~rG, the replacement management information list is updated.
That is, a new DFL entry 2010 is added to the replacement management information J.ist or the existing DFL entry X010 in the raplacesmcnt management ~.nfcrmation list is updated.
i0 Than. the replaaament management information lift is sorted. For example, the replacement management in-formation list is sorted by the status 1 ~Oiih. Further, the replacement management information list is~ sorted by the defective cluster fir$t 8SN 2018, the status Z 201,8 and the seplaaemerit cluster first PSN 2013, iri this order.
The process of step 5113 shown xn Figure 8A is term~.nated. Tha latest replacement managamen,t information list obtained in the process is additionally recorded in the (temporary) disc m~aaagement information area.
Tn the exemplary proaeod~, a case is described wher$
the replacement recordiagfor the pseudo-overwrite recording is performed. However, the process can bo also applied to the replacement recording due to the occurrence of the defective cluster.
As described ~.n the bacxground art with referanae to Figures 33A and 338, in the conventional defa,dtive management for the write-once optical discs, new replaaemant managemar~t ~,nformatior~ is added to the replacement management information list each time the replacement recording is P3815~
performed, while maintaining the existing replacement management information in the replacement management information 7.~.st .
When such a method is applied to a rar~ording method in which the user data area is used as an area for recording j a replacement cluster as described in the present embodiment , i the number of the replacement management information is ~.ncreased each time the replacement recording is parfoxmed, and the size of the replacement management information list is increased each time the replacement recording is performed . j This is not preferable in implementing the drive apparatus and the like. t In particular, in the conventional defective management for the write-once optical disca, the cluster which has been replaced with anather cluster is not further rep~.aaed. Ho~Vever, in the pseudo-overwrite reaordirrg as i d~ecribed in the present embodiment, it is possible to further replaoe the cluster which has bean replaced with another cluster. Accordingly, there is a possibl.lity that the size of the replacement management information ~.iet is much i increased. i Z 5 Further, it is possibly tkrat there exists a plural~.ty of replaoemerrt management information in the replao~m~nt management infor~aation list, wherein ee.ch of the plurality of replacement management information has the same value ass the defective cluster first PSN ~OiZ. Accordingly, err i additional process and/or structure are required to obtain j the latest replacement management information.
rn the defective 'management for the r~rntritable _ 91 _ optical discs, the repiaaame~nt ma~aagcment informat9.oa is prvvidcd for every replacement cluster, regardless of whether or not the repls,cemcnt cluster 18 actually used.
When such a method is applied to a recording method in which the user data area i$ used as an area for recording a rep3,acement cluster as described in the present embo8lraer~t , a large amount of replacement management information is required from an initial state. This is not preferable in ~.0 implementing the dr~.ve apparatus and the like.
Acaordiag to th~ method shown in Figure 1911, it is sufficient td generate and, manage the minimum number of replacement management ~,nformat3on. It ~Le possible to 1S easily find the latest replacement management inforiaation.
1-9. Procedure of reaosdiag prooosa (~) With reference to Figure v9H, are exemplary procr~ss x0 of the replacement management information in the procedur~
of the recording procESS will be describEd in mare detail.
The respective steps shown in Figure 19H are included in step s~.13 shovs~n ire figure 8A. The following dasaript~,on 25 refer$ to a data structure of the DFL entry 2010 which is an example of the replaaem~nt managcmaat inforrttation shown in Figure 18.
herein, it is assumed that the replacement recording 30 for th~ pseudo-overwrite recording is perfc~rmGd in step 511 shown in Figure 811 and then the process prooeo$s to step si~3.

( Step 5601 ) The drive central section 311 dete~aines whether or not the area spec~.f ~.ed by the recording instruction is a ~xorst3guvus ~cange in ~ the physical address apace.
For example, th~ driv~ control section 311 determines the size of the area on the physical addressc space based i oh the recording location speoif~,ed by the recording i instruction and the size of the data tc be recorded specified by the recording ihgtruat~.on . When the size of the area on ' the phys~,cai addres s spaoe which is thus determined is greater than the size of one ECC cluster, the drive control section i 311 determines that the area specified by the reaoxding instruction is a contiguous range in the physical addre$s space.
If the determination result 3,n step 5601 is "Yes ° , then the process proceeds to step 860a . If the determination res~~xlt in st~p S60i ie "No" , then the protease proceeds to step SE03.
(Step SbO~) The drive control section 3li determin~ss wha'~her of not the area in Hrhich the data is actually recorded in step Sii~ is a contiguous r$hge in the physical $ddrees space.
For example, the size of tk~e area in which the data is aetua,lly recorded in step 5113 is equal to the size of the area specified by the recording instruction, the drive oantrol section iii determines that the area in which the data is actually recvrdad in step 8112 is a contiguous range in the physioal address space.
If the determination result in step 5603 is °Yes" , then the process prooBeds to step $604. If they determination result in step s60~ ins "No", then the process proceeds to step 5603.
( Shop S1~03 ) The drive control section 311 performs the process do~cribed with reference to Figure 19A, for $xa~mp,le .
( Step 5604 ) The drive control section 311, determines whether the pseudo.~averwrita reoo~rd~.ng is a first time replacem~nt reoordirrg or a second time or replacement recording, i Such a determination is perfarraad, for example, by re.tri~virrg the latest replacement management ~.ntormation list to determine whether or not a first PFL entry 2010 ( status 2 8011H ~ "000.° ) and a second DFL entry x010 (status a a0ilH
~ "0010° ) , each of whiahhaving original location information indicating the same area as the aont~.guous range determined in step SfOt, are found in the replacement management information list.
When the first DFL entry 2010 and the seoond DFL entry 2010 are not found ire the replacement management information list, it ie determined that the pseudo-overwrite recording ins a first time replacement recording. As a result, the process proceeds to step s60S.
When the first DFL entry x010 and the second DFL entry x010 arc found in the replacement managamar~t information list, it is determined that the pseudo-overwrite recording is a ~eaond time or more replacement record~,ng. As a result, the process proCecds to step 8607.

- ~4 -P381sa (Step S60S) The drive control section Sii creates now first DFL entry 2010 and a new second DFL entry aQlO
and stores them in the memory circuit 312.
( step 860 ) The drive control section 311 sets values to the first DFL entry 2010 and the second Dx'L entry x010.
A value of "0000" indic8ting that th~ replacement recording is performed and there exists a replacement cluster is set to the status 1 a011A of the first DFL entry 2010.
A value of a fixst FSN of the ECC Cluster including a start location of the area specified by the recording instruction is set to the defactxve cluster first PSN a0la of the first DFL entry 2010.
A value of a first PSN of the ECC cluster including a start location of the contiguous rangy ~.n rnihiah the data a0 is actually recorded is set to the replacement cluster first PSN aOt3 of the f~Lxst DFL entry a0~Ø
A value of "0001" indicating a start location of the contiguous range is set to the status 2 Z0~.18 of the first DFL entrp x010.
i A value of 40000" indicating that the replacement recording is performed and there exists a replacement aluste~r is set to the status l 201,11 of the second DFL entry 2010.
A value of a first PSN of the ECC alusiter including as cnd location of the area specified by the recording instruction is set to the defective olusta~r f~.ret PSN g01~

of the second DFL errt~y 2010. The and location of the area specif3.ed by the recording instrutstir~n is caivulated, far example, by the physical address corresponding to the logical addr$ss cad the length of the data to be reaox~ded, which S arc specified by the recording instruction.
A value c~f a f~,rst pSN of the ECC clus9tar including ah en,d location Of the contiguous range in which the data is actually xecorded is set to the replacement cluster first PSN 2013 of the eecQnd DFL entry 2010.
A value Qf "0010" indicating an e~r~d location of then contiguous range is set tQ the status 2 2011H c~f the second DFL entry 2010.
(Step 5607) The drive control section iii performs an update prt~cesa for the first DFL entry 2010 and the second DFh entry 2010 found in step 5604. Specifically, the update process is performed by sctting-values to the first DFh entry ZOlO and the second DFL entry 2010 in step 5608.
( Step 8508) The drive control sect~.on all sets Values to the first DfL entry 2410 and the second DFL entry 2010.
Z5 A value of a first PSN of the ECC cluster incxluding a start ,location of the contiguous range 3.r~ which the data is actually recorded is sat to the replacement cluster first PSN 2013 Of the first DFL entry 2010. That is, the start location of a new r$placement range ie sat.
=t is not necessary to update the defective cluster first PSN 2012 of the first DFL entry 2010, $inca the second time or more replacement reoardir~g ~.s performed for the same psslsz ECC cluster, Tha defective cluster first PSN 201~a of the first DFI. entry a0~,0 maintains the se~me value.
R value of a first PSN of the ECC cluster including an and location of the aantiguous range in which the data is actually recorded is set to the replacement cluster first PSN 2013 of the second DFL entry ZO10. That ia, the end location of a new rep~,acement range is set.
It 10 not necessary to update the defective cluster first PSN 2012 of the second DFL entzy 2010, since the seoon~
time ar more replaoement regarding ins performed for the same ECC cluster. Tha defective cluster first PSN x012 of the second DFL entry 2010 maintains the same value.
, i ( step 5609 ) According to the prooess mentioned above, the replacement management information list is updated.
That is , a na~n1 first DFL entry 2010 Bind a new second DFL
entry 2010 era added to the rep~.aeement management information list or the existing first DFL entry 2010 cad the existing second DFL entry 20.0 in the repiaaemeht management in-farmativn list are updated. , Then, the replacement management information list i is sorted. For example, the replacement managamex~t in~
formation list is sorted by the st8tu~o ~. Z011R. Furtherr, the replacement management information list may be sorted by the defective cluster first PSN ZOIa, the 4tatus Z ZOI~,B
and the replaaament cluster first PSN 2013, in this order. ' i Tha process of step 8113 shown in Figuze 8A is terminated. The latest replaoementrnaaagement information list ~abta~.ncd in the process is additionally reoorded in _ g7 _ the (temporazy) dies management information area.

In tk~e exemplary proae$s, ~t case is described Where the replacement r~acord~,ng for the pseudea-c~~cresrr,~rrite recording is performed. However, the process can be also applied to the replacement recording due to the oaaurrsna~ of the r,~efective cluster.
With reference to Figures 20A to 248, the procedure of the data recording will ba further described.
Figure 30A shows a physical address Space and a logical addre$e space on the informs,tion recording medium 100, which is similar to Figure 1311 and the like. Figure 201 shs~ws a state in which data "~r0 ° is recorded at the loeatian of LSN=0 imyned3.ately after th$ formatting process . In the physical space, data °AO" is recorded in the location of PSN-1000.
80 The location o~ LSN=0 and the location of PSN71000 maintain the relatiane~h3p of the primary logical ad-dress-physical address mapping.
i Figures 20B shows a replacement max~agemant in-:formation li~9t corresponding to Figure ZOA. The r$placement management information 3.ist includes header ~,nformation 1p01 only and does not include say replacement management information. i In the state shown in Figure BOA, it is assw~aed that the drive apparatus 314 ~.s instructed by the host apparatus X05 to record data "Ai" at the ~.ocation of LSN=0.

- ~S -P38Z5x Figure a1lr shows a state in whicri the recording of data "Al° is completed. i As shown in Figure 2lfv, data "A1" is recorded at the i location of PSN=1132 in the user date area 108 3.nstead o~ ~;
the location of PSN-1000in the user data area 108, for example .
Thin 3s because the data has b~aen already recorded at the location of PSNA7,000.
This rep~.acement recording ie a first time re-placement recording. AcQOrd,~.ngly, in accordance with stag s302 and the subscguent steps shbwn in Figure ~,9A, the process i for the first time replacement recording is performed. As a result, the DFL entry 21001 shown in Figure Zis ~.s added to the replacement management information list.
Next, in the state shown in Figure 2111, it is assumed that the drive apparatus 310 is instructed by the host apparatus 3D6 tc record data "A2" at the loaatian of LSN=0.
Figure Z2A shows a state 1n which the recording of data "A2" is completed.
A8 shown in Figure 2211, data "A2" i8 r$corded at the location of PgN.,1164 in the user data area 108 instead of the location of PSN-2 Q D 0 in the user data area 108 , for example .
This is because the Bata hays been already recorded at the location Of g8N~1000.
Thus replacement recording is a second tame or more replaosment rewording . Aacordir~gly, in aaaor8an~ewith step 8304 and the subsequent steps shown in Figure i9A, the provcss for the second time or more replacement reaordlag 3.s performed.

p~aisa As a result, the DFL entry 2100A is updated to the DFL etttzy 2100B shown 3n Figua~e ZZB. That is, any DFT. entry is not added to the replacement managoment information list.
Next, in the state shown in Figure 2211, 3t is assumed that the drive apparatus 310 ~.s instructed by the host apparatus 305 to record data "BO ° at the location of LSN=96 and to record data "CO" at the location of LSNS~128 to 192.
Figure 3311 shows a state in which the recording of data "BO" and data °CO" is completed.
i As shown in Figure Z3A, it is assumed that as error oaaurs during the verify process for verifying the recording of data "HOq at the location of FSN-1192.
In th~.s case, data "BO" ~.s recorded at the location i of FSN=x10 in the outer spare area 107 instead of the location of PSN~1~,93 in the user data.area 108, for example.
ao This replacement recording is a First time re-placement recording. Accordingly, in accordance with step 530 and the subseq~xont steps shown is Figure 19A, the process for the first time repl~oement recording 3s performed. As a result, the DF~, entry a101A shown in Figure X38 is added to the replacement management infoxznation list.
It is assumed that the verify pro~a$8 for verifying the recording of data "CO" has been sucasssfully completed.
Ire this aa$e, the replaae~ne~nt management information list is raaintained without any change.
Next, in the state shown in Figure ~3A, it is assumed that the drive apparatus 310 is inBtructed by th~ ho~ct !
apparatus 305 to record, data "C1" at the locat3.on of LSNs=128 to 192. i Figure a4A shows a state in which the r~aoQrd~.ng of data rCi° i8 completed.
A8 shown in Figure ~4A, data "C1" is recorded at the ~.ocation of PSN~9~1,3Z4 to 1388 in the user data ar~a 108 instead of the location of PBNs-12$8 to 1292 in the user data area 108, for example. This is becausse the data has bean already recorded at the Location of PSNe=2288 to 1292.
This replacement recording i$ a first time re-placeraent recozding. Aacsording~.y, in aaaordance with step 5302 and the subsequent steps shown. in Figure 1911, the process for the first time replacement recording i$ performed. 31s a result, the DFL entry 2:Ogle and the DFL entry 2103A shown ~.n figure 24H are added to the ~replaoament managerne~nt inft~rmation list.
This replacement recording is based on a replacement of the contiguous range 2200 (PSNs~ 1228 to 1292) with the contiguous range 2201 (BSNs.~,324 to 1388) . The replacement Z5 is represented using the DFL entry 201ZA indicating start location of the replacement range anti the DFL entry Zi0311 indicating end location of the replacement range.
Thus, in the pserxdo-overwrite recording which rep~.aces the contiguous range x200 with the contiguous range 220i in the user data area 108, the drive apparatus 310 generates a first replacement xnarr~agement infOrrnation ( DFL
entry 2102y1) for mappyng the start location of the contiguous p38~sx - ~o~, -. ' range aa44 to they start location of the contiguous range ~~41 and a second replacement management information (DFL
entry Zt03A) for mapping the end locatiorx of the contiguous range 2200 to the end location of the contiguous range ~~07.
B
Although the replacement racordin,g is performed for the contiguous range including three ECC clusters, only two DfL entries are added tv the replao~sment management in-formation l~.st . This is an effect obtained by using the DFL
entry 2lOxA and the DFL entry ~103A which map the Contiguous range X240 to the contiguous range ~~01 in the user Bata area 108.
Regarding the replacement of the contiguous range, when the pseudo-overwrite a~ecording is a second time or more replacement recording, it is needless to say that the existing DFL entries are updated.
(gmbodiment a) ao x-1. 8roaedur~ of NBA Qetermirsing proQess Hereinafter, amathod for detezmining a next writable address represented by a logical address (hereinafter, x5 "logical NWA") will ba described. The drive device 310 returns the log~.aal NWA beak, to the host apparatuB 308 in response to a reque~et from th~ host apparatus 305.
The logical NWA is determined in accordance w~.th the 30 foilow~,ng procedure in the present in~rention.
An ECC cluster whirsh is ntxt to the ECC cluster inai~ud~.ng the phys3.cal sector indicated by th~ LRA is P3815~
- 10~ .. .
determined. This SCC cluster is a next veritable ECC cluster.
The f~,rst physical sector of the next veritable ECC elu~ater is a next veritable address. The next writgble address represented by a physical address is the NWA described above.
The logical NWA has a value which is obtained by trans.iating the value of the PSN indicated by the NWA into a value o:~ the LSN in aceordanc~ with the primary logical address-physical address mapping.
Several specific examples will be described below.
In the state shown in Figure l3, the LRA 500 indicates a leading position of the user data area i08. In this state, the NWA in the physical address space ig PSN=1100. The LSN
aorreapor~d~.ng to PSN=1000 is LSN=0. Therefore, the logioal NWA=0.
In Figure 13A, the ho8t apparatus 305 obtain~9 the logical NWA from the drive apparatus 310 and instructs the drive apparatus 310 to record data "A" at the location of L5N=0.
In the estate immediately after the recording of data "A" is completed, the LRA of th~ track #1 ~.ndicates an gCC
oluster including the location o~ PSN=1132. In this state, the N~TA is PSN=1132 . Accordingly, the ~.ogiaal NWA is LSN=3~ .
Tha host apparatus 30S caa instruct the drive apparatus 310 to record data °B" at the logical NWA (i.e. LSN~32).
In the state immediately after the recording of data "H° is completed. the LRA of the track #1 indioatee a phys~,cal sector within an ECC cluster including the location of ~3a~sa - los -PSN=1132. Ih this state, the NWA ie PSN.1~.64 . Accordingly, the logi.oal NWA is LSN-64.
The feature of the method for determining a logical Ni~IA described above is to d~termine the logical NWA to maintd~in the ~celationship of trie primary logical addxeas,physioai address mapping. Specifically, tl~e NWA is dstexmine~d from the L~tA within a tr~.ol~ and then the logical NWA is obtained in aacordaace with the primary logical address-physical address mapping. As a result, the replacement management information 10108 is not required for the new data recording.
In Figure 14A, it is possible that the host apparatus 305 erroneously holds a value corresponding to the I.RA 5015 ~,5 as the logical NWA, even through tha actual latest logical NBA should correspond to the LRA SOON.
For example, such a state may be caused when the drive apparatu~s.310 gerforme a recording operatiprr for recording data at the location after PSN.~,292 as an operation in-dapendent of the host apparatus 345 and the host apparatus 305 does not obtain tho latost logical NWA Pram the tlrlve apparatus 310.
z5 In this state, when the host apparatus 305 instructsr the drive apparatus 310 to record new data, the host apparatus 305 outputs a recording instruatian for recording data at the logical NWA oarrespondi,ng to the LRA 5018. However, the drive apparattxe 3l0 records the data at the loaaticrs of PSN~1336.
This recording causes a replacement recording.
Aeaordingly, new replaoa~neat manageraent information is required.
f Cn the other hand, when the host apparatus 305 instructs the drive apparatus 3I0 to rGCard new data, after it obtains the logical NinTA eorre~spondirig to the latest LRA
5008 from the drive apparatus 310, the r~cording dues not causes any replacement raGOrdir~g. Accordingly, any never replaoemeat management information ie~ not required.
In Figures 15A and 1611, a similar etdta may be caused.
Iri Figures ~,5A and 16A, it is possibly that the heist apparatus 305 erron$vtxsly holds a value corresponding to the LRA 501C
as the logical NW7~, even through the actual .latest logical Nt~lA shou~,d correspond to the LRA 500C and th~a LTA 500b.
'~harefore, it is desirable that the host apparatu$
305 obtains the latest logical NWA before reacording a new data.
In summary, when the host apparatus 305 instructs the da~ive apparatus 3lo to record n$W data, the host apparatus 305 outputs a r8quest tc~ the drive apparatus 3tlo immedietely~
before step 8103 shown in Figtxrc 8A, far example, in order tc~ obtain the latest logical NWA from the drive apparatus ~5 320 , upon receipt of the request , the drive apparatus 310 datsrmine~s the logical NWh from the LRA and the NWA in accordance With the process described above and raturri~s the logical NWA bank to the host apparatus 305.
Upon receipt of the logical NWA, the host apparatus 305 generates a next recording instruction based on the lagiaal NWA and outputs the rsext recording instruction to thG drive apparatus 310.

- ion -By perf~arming the operations descr~.bed above, the replaGemerrt management information 10,09 is not required for recording new data. The replacement management in-s formation 1010H is required for performing the replaoeynent recordirsg only .
As a rasult, it is possible to restrict inarea$ihg the data amount of the replacement management information.
list 2000, This provides an effect such as the reduction of the amount of process s ing in the data reaording/reproduation, the reduction of the sire of the memory, the reduction of the data rise vn the information recording med~.~n 100 and the lik~.
($mbodimmnt 3) 3-1. procedure of raoordirag provsss (1) ~0 A method for determining NWA described iri the embodimerst a causes a state in wh3Ch a particular LSN ire not used.
For example, in Figure 14A, the logiat~~. sector at the location of LSN~96 is a logical sector in athit~h ariy data has not been recorded rahen it is seen from the host apparatus 305 or the file system.
Such a logical sector is referred to as an unrecorded logical sector or a unused logical sector, an orphan logical sector and the dike.
A logical cluster consisting of tha unracarded P3815a logical sectorsr ~.e referred to as an unra~ordad logical cluster. For example, in Figure 1~,A, th$ logical alugtew corresponding to the location of LsNs=96 to 127 is an unrecorded logical cluster.
Similarly, in Figure i5A, the logice.l sector corresponding to the location of LSN~~X~ ~.s an unrecorded logical sector.
As shown in Figures l4A and the 137se, tha LSNs are assigned to the unrecorded logical sectors in the same manner as other normal logical sectors . Further, it is the feature of the method for determining logical NWA according to the present embodiment that the LSNs of the logical sectors subsequent to the unrecorded. logical sector are nest changed.
When it is instructed to record data at the unrsoord~ad logical vector, the pseudo-o~cre~arite recording is performed is a similar manner as the embodiments described above. For examQle, the folloWihg process is performed.
Here~.z~, in the state shown in Figure i41~, it ie assumed that it is instructed to record data "F" at the loaat~.Qn of LSN=96.
In this case, the drive apparatus 310 transiata~
LSN-96 into PSN=1196 in accordance With the yt~,mary logical address-phys~.cal address mapping.
Hy comparing the location of PSN~~1196 rnt~.th the location indicated by then NWA, it is recognized that the data ~.s recorded at the location of P8N-2196.

Thah, the pseudo-overwrite r~aording its parfvrmad ire a similar manner as the other embodiments desoribod above.
rn this case , the drive apparatus 3l0 regards data 'F" at the location indicated by the N9~A t a , g , the ~.ocation of PSN=133C) and generates replacement maaagament in-forrnatioa SiB.
Thus , the data raccrding is performed for thw leCatioa ~,0 of LSN=96. Ae a result, a logiaai cluster t~vrreaponding to the location of LSN=9s changes from the unreaordi8 log~.ca1 cluster tc~ the normal logical alu$ter.
A logical cluster corresponding to th~ loaatiori of LSNs=356 to 287 associated with the lactation o~ P6Ne1336 in accordance with the primary logical address-physical address mapp~.ng newly becomes an unreaordad alustex.
figures 191 arid 17~ show a state after the recording of data "G" is completed.
3-3. prooednre of reprodnatioa prooeaa (1) ~n Figure 1411, the logical cluster at the location of LsN~224 is an unre~oorded logical cluster.
The physical clusters corresponding to the unreacrdad logiaai cluster at the lacatiQn of LSN=2Z3 i~r a physiaai cluster at the laaatien of 88N~13x4. The relationship between the LSNs and the BSNs are predetermined is aaaordance with the primary logical address-physical addxess mapping.
The physical Bluster at the lactation of PSN=1324 is - ~.os -Psalsa related to the phxrsical cluster at the location of PsN~~1238 by the replacement managcmant ia~ormation 514.
The physical cluster at the location of PSN=1228 is mapped to the logical cluster at the location of LSNm~,~B
i~a accordance w~.th the primary log~.cal address-physical address mapping.
Thus , the physical cluster at the location of PSN-Z 228 is as8lgned to the logical cluster at the location of LSN=128 and the unrecorded logical cluster at the location of LSN.2~4 .
'the procedure of the reproduction process will be described ire a case where two logical clusters era ass~,gned to one physical, cluster.
The host apparat~txs 305 outputs a reproduction instruatiori for the location of LSN.~,aB to the drive apparatu$
310. Upon the receipt of th~ reproduction ~,nstruotion, the ~0 drive apparatus 37.0 tr8hdlates the LSN into the PSN in accordance with the primary logical address ~-physical addras~s mappihg. The PSN i~ referred to as a reproduction PSN.
In this case, the reproduction PSN is PSN=laa8.
Replacemaht management information having the location of F8N=1228 as the seplaaement laaat~,on is retrieved in the repls.ccment managemar~t information lift. As a result, the replacement management informat~.on 514A is found.
The replacement clustex indioat~d by the replacement management information 514A is a physical cluster at the location of PSN=1324. The data recorded ~.n the physical cluster at they location of PSN.1324 is reproduced.

- ~,Q9 -psa~sa ThG host apparatus 306 outputs a reproduction instruction for the location of LSN~.~~4 to the drive apparatus 310. Upon the receipt o~ the reproduction instruction, the drive apparatus 310 translates the LSN into the reproduction PSN in accordance with the primary logical address-physiaai address mapping.
In this case, the reproduction PSN is FSN=13a4.
Replacement management information having the loaatiQn of PSN=1324 as the replacement location ie retrieved in the replacement management information list. I3owev~r, such repla~emeri,t manes~mant info~aation is not found.
The drive apparatus 310 reproduces data recorded in the physical cluster at the location of p8N-132.
~looording to the reproduction process described above,~wher~ the host apparatus 306. outputs a reproduotion ,instruction for thG location of are unrecorded lagiaal sector in which any data has not been logically recorded, it is pos$~.ble to reproduce data recorded in the physical sector oorrespond3.ng to the unrecorded logical sector.
As a result, ~.t is seen from the file system and the like at the side of the host apparatus 305 that there is no exceptional area on the information recording medium 100.
Further, it is nc~t r~ocessary to implement a comply error proaese in the system structure. xt is possible to configure the system with a simplified implementation.
Upon the receipt of a reproduction instruction fvr '.
an unrecorded log~,cal sector, if the drive apparatus 3i0 re~produaes data recorded in the phys~.oal cluster corre-sponding to the unrecorded logical seafior, then the dat$
which should not ba essentially reproduced ~.s reproduced.
If such a reproduction is inconv~nient for the ~syetQm configuration, it is pos$ible to adopt the following prooeeure fc~r the reproduction proces$.
The drive apparatus 3~.0 translates the LSN specified by the reproduction instruotion into a P~tN ~.n accordanoe with the primary logioal address-physioal address mapping, and retrieves the replacement management information 10.08 having the original location information 1012 corresponding to the translated PSN in the rep~.aacment management in-formation list 1000.

If the replacement management information 10108 having the original location information 10.2 corresponding to the translated P5N i$ found, the data is reprodtxaed from the ECC cluster at th~ replaoem~snt location in8.ioated by the replacement location information 1013 of the replacement managem~n~G information lOlOH in a similar manner as the other snebodimants described above.
If it is not found, the drive apparatus 310 retrieves the replacement mar~agem$nt information 10108 having the replacement location information x,013 corresponding to the translated PSN in the replacement management information list IQ00.
If the replacement management information ~.0~,08 having the replacement location infc~rrnation 1013 corre-sponding tv the translated PSN is found, they ECC cluster indicated by the replacement location information lOt~ is determined s,s the replacement cluster in which the data has been already recorded.
Than, the drive apparatus 310 does riot reproduce the data from the replacement cluster. Instead, the drive apparatus 310 returns a predetermined data ( a . g. data having a value of "00...0" ) as the reproduced data back to the halt apparatus 305.
According to the reproduction process described above, when it ~.s instructed to repraduo~ data from the unrecorded logical ~ector, the data can be reproduced appropriately from the physical sector corresponding tc the unrecorded logical sector.
Such a repraduction proaess~ oax~ be performed trihen the $rive apparatus 310 receives the r~product~,on instruction from the host apparatus 30F in each step of the reproduction process described with reference to Figure 10.
~0 3-3. Comparison bat~eerr, grooednrea of l~tiPA de-terminiag procmss Unlike the embodiment descr3.bed above, a method for determ~,ning a logical NWA will be d~saribed. In this method, any unrecorded logical e~ectar dace cot s~a~ur.
In this method, the logical LRA ie managed, an$ ~x new data is recorded at the lagiaal NWA which is ad~aaent to the logical LRA.
The LSN indicating the logical NWA is translated into a PSN in accc~rdanca With the primary logical address-physietal - x.12 -address r~app~.ng. The translated PSN 3,s~ referred to as "FSN-1°.
The data is actually reoorde~d at the NWA within ari ECC cluster which is next to the ECG cluster including the PSN indicated by the LRA 2~.3. The PSN ~.ndicatad by the NWA
is raferre~d to as ~PSN-2p.
The replat~ement recording is performed with the original 3ocat3on of FSN-1 cad the replacement location of p$N-2.
F~.gure 28 shows a data structure of the track manav.geme~st irrfoxrnation 3210 according to the pregetnt e~mbadiment . The track management infr~rmat~.on 3210 is used to manage the logical NWA.
In the txack management information 3210 shown in Figure 25, last recorded logical address information within track 3a~.4 is newly de~inad.
The last re~aordod 3.ogical address informe~tion within track 321.4 is used to manage the J.ast recorded address ~represerrted by LSN in the logical address space, whoreas a5 the last recorded address informat3,e~n withisr track (LRR) 213 is used to manage the last recvrdad address ~reprcsented by PSN in the physical ac3dx~ess space.
The drive apparatus 3~.4 ce.n determine the logical, ~lT~TA for each track by referring to the ~.ast xecorded Logical address information within track 3214.
The last recorded logical addrmss information within p3sisa .
- im -track 3314 is updated in the fcliowing manner.
The value of "0" is set to the ldst r$pardad lagioal address information within track 321.4 as an initial valuo.
The drive apparatus 310 receives a recording instruction W
inaludiag a LSN. When the LSN in the recardi~ng in$trrxction , is greater than the last recorded logical address information raithin track 314, the drives apparatus 310 updates the last recorded logical address inforsnatir~n within track 3ai4 to io the LSN.
~t,ccvrding to the update process described above, it is possible to maintain the ~.ast recorded logical address information within track 3x14 as being a ma~cicnusn value.
is Figure 26A shows a ds.ta stttxctuse after the recording of data "~L'~, °$" ~ nL,u ~ uDn ~ vZ,,n $n~ wG~ a~t~ GOIiIp~.CtCd j.n the same order as ~.n Figures i3~1, ~,4A and 19A in acaardanae with the prooedure.of NWA deterynining proce s s described above .
In Figure ~bH, a~,~. of defective clusters area registered as the replaoemant management 3,n~ormation (7?.
Hoiaever, it ~.s possible to delete these replacesner~t management information ( 7 ) from the rQplacement management information Z5 31st 1000F. ~y deleting these, the sire of the replacement management information list 10o0F can be reduced.
By Gompar~.ng the replaoesnent management information list 10008 shown in Figure 178 with the raplaoement management information list 1000F shown in Figure 268, it is understood that the number of the replacement management ~.nformation in the replacement management information list 1000$ is smaller than the number of the replacement management information in the replacement management information 114t 100~g' .
8y comparing these lists after deleting raplacomc~nt B management information ( T ) , it is also understood that tho rit~.rabcr of the repiaaemant management information in the replacement management information list 10008 ~,s much smaller than the number of the raplaaem~nt management infaxntation 3n the replaoament managameat information list 1000F.
~. 0 Aaaordingly, the method for determining NWA while ailawing the oeeurrenae of the unrecorded logioal setter as described in embodiment 1 and eanbodiment 2 3,s more desirable rather than the method which refers to Figures Z~A W~3~~.ye net 15 alaowing the ooaurranca pf the unrecorded logical sector in that the size of replacement management information list can b~ redtxaed.
8y maintaining the replacement management in-ZO formation ( 7 ) in the replacement manage~meat i~sformation list 1000F, it is possible to recognize the distribution c~f the defective clusters on the information recording medium 100.
The distribtxt3.on of the defeotive clusters oan be used to optimize the repraduation process. Such an optimization is Z5 wade, for example, by reading data in advance without reading data from the detective setters.
( ~nnbodimeat 4 30 The prooedure of the data recording according to the present embodiment will be described.
Figure ~7 shows an exemplary data structure of the P38~.52 information re~orda~~ng medium 100 before performing the data recording according to the present embodiment. In Figuro a7, each symbol t~f triangi$ inditsatem a boarder between the FCC clusters. HGre~ina~ter, even in othesr figuros, each symbol of triangles has the lama aaeaning.
In the st$te shown in Figure 39, it is assumed that the haet apparatus 305 outputs a recording instruction for data "D1" 4622 and data °H1° 4623 to the driven apparatus 510. Ia this cases, the procedure of the recording process will be deocribed.
The data recording for date "D1' 4632 is determined as the pseudo-ove~rrNr~.te recording at the ioos,tior~ o~ PSN=a0 ~.5 in the recorded area 4600, for example.
Prior to outputting the recording instruction, the host apparatus 305 outputs a request for the logic$1 NWA
to the drive 8pparatus 310.
Upon the receipt of the request for the logical NWA, the drive apparatus 3~,0 determines NWA 4611A from LR31 4610A
and returns the lc~g~Lca1 NWA corresponding to the NWA 461111 back to the host appar~tnxe 305.
The host apparatus 305 outputs a recording in-etruction for recording data °D1° 4~r2a at the location o~
LsN~7~p corresponding to PSN=a0 to the drive apparetua 310, and then autpute a recording instruction for recording data "E1° 4623 at the location of LSN=AZ corresponding to NWA
4b11A (pSN=aZ) to the drive apparatus 310.
Figure 28 shoias a recording result after thc~ dr3.ve apparatus 3lo performs a recording process for data °D1°
4622 and a reov~rding prvacss for data "E1° 4623 in aacordarice with the order of the recording instruationg $$ ~,nstruated by the host appe.xatus 30b.
In this case, the ~3ata recard3rtg foz data "D1° 463 i~r detes~air~ed as the pseudo-overwrite recording fQar the reaordad area 46op. Ass a rc~su~,t, data "D1" 46aZ~ is reaordec~.
at the location of NWA 4611A ( PSN.a2 ) instee.d of the location of PSN=a0. Then, the NWA 4bllA is updated to the NWA 46138 (PSN=a3).
As a result of this raplaacrnent recording, data "D1"
4822 is reoorded at the ic~aatioss of FSN=a~. As a result, data "E1" 4b~3 is rcaorded at the location of NWA 4b11H ( pSN=a3 ) instead of the ic,catiøn of PSNas2.
Thus, although the host apparatus 305 outputs a tccozding instruction for rccording data "El" 4b~3 at the lor~ativn of ~.SN=A2 aorr$sponding to NWA 4b11A (pSN=a2) as described ataov~s, de.ta "E1" 4683 is recorded at the location of pSN=a3 which is deferent from the location as instructed.
In this case, the z~cplaccment management information iOZO ft~r data "b1" 462a is generated, aad the replacement management informat~.vn lot0 for data "Elp 46~t3 is also generated. This gauges a prvb~.cm that the sire of the replacement management information list 1000 ~.s inoraased.
3D Thus problcm is paused by the drive apparatus 310 performing the rrtspiaccmcnt recording which xs riot expected by the host apparatus 345.

p3als2 - i~~ -Aftcr performing the replaasment recording by thrte drive apparatus 310, it is ne~sessary to perform further replacement recording as the host apparatus 305 outputs a record~.ng instruction. This results in xnc~reasing the size of the replacement management information li~9t 1000.
I~crcinafter, a method aaaording to the present embodiment twill be described. In this method, the rc-plaaement management information 1010 for data "81" 4523 is net generated during the recording process.
In the present embodimesrrt, in the state shown in Figure z7, the host apparatus 305 first outputs a recording instruction for the appending rsaording. Then, the host apparatus 305 outputs a rcCOrding instruction for the pseudo-overwrite recording after outputting the rcaording ingtruotion for the appending recording.
Figure a9 shows a recozding result after the drive appare'~ue 310 performs recording processes hn aaaardanae with the order of the rccvrding instruatians as instructed by the host apparatus 305.
Th$ file system operating on the host apparatus 305 can determine the order of the recording instructions, since it manages updating all existing files and creating new files .
In Figur~ 29, data "E1" ~46Z38 is reaorde~d at the loC~ation of NWA 4611A { PSN=a2 ) , and data nDl" 45x28 ~.B recorded at the location of 8SN=a4.
The host apparatus 306 outputs a regarding in-struction for recording data "F1" 46~3a at the location of 8~ai~a NWA d6~.~.A (PSN=a2) as described above. Tn the present embodiment, data "El" 46338 is recorded at the location of PSl~i.a3 which is the same as the location as instructed. This data recording is not a replacement recording.
Thus, the replacement management inform8tion 1410 for data "E~." 46238 is not generated. As a result, it is possible to avoid inarea$ing 'the size of the replacement management information list 1000.
~. 0 In either case shown in Figure 28 or the case shown in Figure a9, th~a same number of the replaasment menagernant information 1010 is required in order to record data "D1°
4BZZ. A~.though the recording location (i.e, replacement location) of data "D~," 46Za are different from each other in F3guzes Z8 and 29 , the required nx~umber of the replacement management information 1010 is mainta.irie~d, As described above,.whea the host apparatus 305 instructs the drive apparatus 310 to pea~form both of the pseudo-overwrite recording and the appending recording, the host apparatus 305 outputs a recording instruction for the appending recording to the drive apparatus 3l0 prior to outputting a recording instruction for the pseudo-overwrite recording to the drive app~rdtus 314. This makes it possible to avoid generating th~ replaaemant managemcxnt information i0~.0, thereby reduo~.ng the size of the replacement management i information list 7.004 .
(8mbt~diment ~) Herein, it is assumed the host apparatus 305 divides data having a sits into a plurality of portions, such that p~a152 as~.ch of the p~.uzality of portions ham a sire of or~a $~C c~.ustar.
It is also assumed that the host apparatus 306 segu~ntially outputs a reoosding instruction for each prartd.oh of the data as a recording unit to the dr3.vc apparatus 3~,0.
The drive apparatus 31p records the respective portions of the data contiguously. It is assumed that a defective cluster including the recording location is detected, and a cluster which is ad~aaerst to the defective ~,fl cluster is used as a replacement cluster in order to replaCs the defective cluster With the ~:eplaaement cluster.
In this case, the replacement reaordi.ng is roc~uixed for each recording unit aftex the recording location. in the replacement recording, each aluste~r im z:eplaced by an ad~aoent cluster wh5.ch ire located in a direatlon along which the ~3~s increase.
In this as$e, the replacement managemrsnt information 1 is required for each recording unit. ~I,ccordingly, when the i size of data to be recorded is very large, tkre large number of replacement management information is required, thereby inaraasir~g the size of the replacetncat management informatioh list 1000.
I;ereinafter, a method aaararding to the present embvd~,ment will be described with referenae~ to F~.gure 50.
This method is eftaative to reduce the s3.ze of th~ repiacemeht management information 7.~.st 1000.
i In Figure 30, a replaaem$nt r~cording is perfarraed in accordance with the recording instruction from the host apparatus 305. In the replaa$ma~nt recording, it is assumed - lao -that the original location is original cluster !5900.
fhe replacement looatic~n of the raplacemant re-cording ie deter~stihed in thm folloaring manner.
In F~,gure 30, the replacement clustersnaybe allocated in one of the unrecorded area 560111 ( in traClc #N 5602 ) , the unrecorded area 5612 ( in tre~ck #N+1 6610 ) , the unrecorded area 5622 ( in track #N+Z 5620 ) and the unrecorded area 563a ( in track #N+3 6630 ) . Each of these unrecorded areas is a candidate area for the replaa$mant cluster.
Herein, a distance between the loaat~.cn of the original cluster 5700 ( a . g . the locat~.on of the first phys~~,cal i sector in the origi~sal cluster 5900) and the location of the oersd~.date area fc~r the replaoement cluster ( a . g . the location of the NWA in the open track) is evaluated. The respective die~tanacs with r8epect to the respective aand~,date arose for the replacement cluster area D1.3, D12, D10 and D11, as sht~~n ~.n Figure 30.
zt is assumed that the re~speot~.vo distances satisfy the rels,tionshig of D13 > DiZ > D11 > Dip.
Z5 8y selecting the unrecorded area 56za which hs,s~ a minimum distance D14 as an area for the replacement cluster, it is possible to minimises e~ d~.stanoa between the ar~.ginal cluster and the replacement cluster, l~s a result, it ~,s paseible to minimize an access time in the data xeproduotion.
~o However, the unrecorded area 5622 is included 1n the, same track #N+2 86x0 as they oziginal cluster 5900. Ac-coxdingly, when the unrecorded area 5622 is selected as err (38152 area for the replacement vluster, it may cause a probZena that the size of the repiaaement manageraent information list loon is increased in the case where the drive s~pparatus 3i0 s$c~ser~tie~lly reoeivee a plurality of recording instru~tione~
from the host apparatus 30S es described above.
Aaoordir~g to the present ambodi~nent , an unrecorded area which has a m3,nimum d~.stan~se from the original clu$ter is sel$ated as an area for the repiaae~neht a~.uster. I3owsver, during the selection proc~ass. as wnreaorded area included in the same track as the original cluster is e~xaludad from the eelcation.
Iri Figure 30, the unreaoxded area 5622 which has a minimum distance D10 is excluded~from the selection. Tha unrecorded axes 563a which has the next m~,ni.mum distance D11 is selected as an area for the replacement cluster. , Thus, upon receipt of the rcaax~ding instruction far 2fl the arig3.na1 cluster 590a from the host apparatus 305, the drive apparatus 310 alloaatas the replay~ment alustex 5710 at the location of NWA in the unxocordad area 5632 and xaaords data in the replaoe~ne~r~t cluster 591,0.
a5 The drive apparatus 3t0 generates the repiaaeme~nt , roanagem~ant information which maps the original cluster 8900 to the replacement cluster 59 ~O and reoo~cda the replacement management information. ;
30 Ag described ~,n steps 610'7 and S1L2 (figure 8A) , wham the drive control section 31t according to the presexrt invention performs the pseudo-overwrite recordirsg, it controls the racording/repxoduction section 31d to record P3815'z data at a specific locat3.on in the user data area 108, which is other then the location indicated by the physical address corr~espor~ding to the logical address included in the racaiwed recording instruction.
Ira the present erubodimsnt, the specific loaatiox~ is the NwA within an open track which is different from they track determined in step 8104 (Figure, 8A).
14 Further, the NWA within the open track indicates a location which is the closest to the location ind~,cated by the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction.
~5 According to the procedure of the recording prcaess, even if the host apparatus 305 further outputs a recording instruction to the drive apparatus 314, the data recording fox the unrecorded area Bdaa does not cause any replacement recard~.r~g. The add5.tion of the replacement manageman~t 20 ~»nformation is cot required.
A distance between the original laaat~.on and the replacement location becomes minimum, except for a case where the orig~tha3, location and the replacement location arc 25 included in the same track. Ass a result, it i~3 possible to reduce an aaesss time is the data reproduction.
The drive aeparatus 814 may determine the location of the replacement cluster by evaluating a distance between 30 the original cluster and an urirocorded area which has PBNs greater than the PSNs of the original cluster. Tn th~
wxite-once recording mediums, a sequantia~. recording is performed in a direction along wh~tch the pSN$ ~.ncrease.

Accordingly, it is possible to ~ffioi~ntiy acveas data by replaolng the original exluster with the replacement cluster which has pSNs greater than the PSNs of the original cluster.
=ri this case, if there is no remaining unrecorded area which has PSNs greater than the PSNs of the original cluster, the~~, the drive apparatus 91C racy determine th~
~.ocation of th~ replacement cluster by evaluating a distance be~twe~an the original alueter arid err unrcaord~d area which has PSNs smaller than the PSNs of the original cluster.
Wh~arr there are a plurality of unrecorded ar~aa which have th~ same distance from the original oluster, it i$
da~sirable to select one of the plurality of unrecorded areas , which has PSNs greater than the PSNs of the original cluster.
xn the write-once recording mediumo, a sequential recording is performed in a dira~tion along which the PSNs increas~.
Aaaordingly, it is possible to efficiently aoaess data by raplaaing the vsiginal cluster with the replacement cluster 2o wrh~.ah has PSNs greater than the PSNs~ of the original olugter.
The distance between the original location and the replacement location may be determined froia a differenGe~
between a PSN indicating the original loGa.tioh and a PSN
indicat3r~g the replacement location. Alternatively, the ' distance may be determined from a physics.l distance between the original location and the replacement loCat~ton. 'this is becau9e the difference between the PSNs does not necessarily correspond to the physical distance, since the PSNs increase from the inner side to the cuter side in a spiral manner in the informatir~r~ recording medium 100. For example, with respect to 8CC clusters which era adjacent to each other is a radius direction, even if the physical P3815:~
distance is aloes to sero, the different~e bat~tn~een the PSNs daes not br~ovme minimum.
(Smbosliment 6) Zn the present embodiment of the invent3,on, a data structure and a method for reproducing data efficiently from the information reac~rdirrg medium 100 will be described. The replacement recording is performed for the information recording medium 100.
Figure 34 shows a data structure of disc strt~ature infs~rmat3on 61.00 according to the present embodiment of the invention. The disc structure information 6100 is an alternative example of the disc structure informatiran 1100.
In the disc structure information 5100, replacement recording control information 6000 is newly defined.
Figure 3511 shows a data structure of the replacement recording control information 6000. The replacement recording control information 6000 incsludes a data length 6001 arid a replacement recording control information entry #1 and the like.
The data length 4001 indicates a data length of the entire replacement recording control information 6000 or the total number of the replacement recording eontral information entries included in the replacement recording control information 6000.
Each replacement recording control information entry is related to each track on the information recording - gas -p3alsa mad~,um 100 . FQr example , such a relation is:aade by oanf orming ' the order oaf the replacement recording control inforyoation entries in the list to the track number.
Saah reple,cement reacrding central information entry includes information indicating whettrer or not the replacement management information list 1000 must be referred to in order to reproduce a data from a corresponding track.
Z0 For example, when there is no phygio;al Cluster (or , a physical s~ectos) on track #s which is rsfe~rred to by the replacement management information included in the re-piaaament management information list 1000, a predetermined value ( a . g . "1 a ) ~.ndiaating the state i,s set to th~ replacement j recording control ~,nformation entry #1.
i Wham there is a. physical cluster (or a physical sector) on track #1 which i$ referred to by the replacement raanagement inft~rmation inolude8 in the replacement man x0 agement ia~ormation list 1004, or it is unknown whether or not there is a physical cluster can track #1 mhiah is referred to by the replacement management information, s predetermined value (e. g. "0" ) indicating the state is set to the replacement recording oontral information ~ntry #1.
~5 when data is reproduced from a specif=ic track on the Information recording medium 100, the replace=ment recording control information entry ~sarrasponding to the speaifi~ track is referred to, When it is detesrmirred that there is no 30 physical cluster on the $pecifia track which ie referred to by the replacement management information, a prowess fc~r retrieving the replaaernont information liatb can be omitted during the subsequent reproduet~,vn proosss . This makes it P3815~
- 12b -possible to improve a reproduction performance.
When there is physical cluster on the $pec~if3~c track which is ref erred t o by the replacement management inf ormat inn or it is unknown whether or not there i~ physical cluster on the specific track which is referred to by the replacement management information, a process for retrieving the replaaamor~t information list ~,s performed to reproduce data, Zike other embodiments described above.
Figure 358 shoWe a data structure cf the track management information dal0. The track managame~nt :Ln farmatior~ 6210 has a function which 3.e similar to the replacement recording control information 6040 shown in 15 Figure 35A.
In the track management inforraatian 6~i0, re-placetnrr~t recording control information 6x14 is newly defined.
The replacement reGOrd3.ng control information 6x14 includes information indicating Wh$ther or not there is physical cluster on a o~arresponding track Which is referred to by the replacement management information. This in-formation hag a function which is similar to the replacement recording control infarmat~.on entry shown in Figure 35A.
Sy using tl~e track manag~nent information 6gi0, it is possible to omit a pxvcess for retriev~.r~g the raplaaeme~nt 3Q information list in a similar manner described above. This makes it possible to improve a reproduction performance.

(~nl~vd~.n~aat 7 ) =n the pxesent embodiment, a procedure of data recording will b~ further described.
Herein, a procedure of data recording in which a specific track is the user data area for alloaatisag the replacement cluster will be described.
Further, the track management information fob managing a t~rac~C used ~'or allocating the replacement cluster will be described.
It is described a case where a cloned track is u$ed fe~c allocating the replacement cluster, As described above, a closed track is a track whose track number is not included is the header information ZO~,.
An addition of a new data to the closed track is inhib3,ted.
In the present embad3.ment, it is possib~.e to allocate a replacement cluster in an unrecorded area of the closed track.
Figure 36R shows an exemplary data structure on the information recording medium 100 bwfore a recording prc~oesB
according to the ,present embodiment is performed.
In this example, track #M 9000 is a closed track.
Data "A" 9001 ins recorded in track #M 7000, fcr exampl~.
Track #M 7000 inoludea an unrecorded area 700x. However, it is impossible to perform app~nding recording of a new data in the unrecorded area 90p~.

P3815:L
- 1as -Track #N 7010 is as open track . Traak $N 7010 includes an unrecorded area 701 , zt is possible to perform appending recording of a new data in the unrecorded area 7012.
In the state sho~f°r~ in Figure 3b11, it is assumed that the host apparatus 30S outputs a rsaarding ~.nstruation to the drive apparatus 3l0 to pseudo-overarrite data "A1" 90ao on dat8 "A" '1001.
According to the procedure of data recording dssaribed above, the data "A1" 70x0 is recorded at a location indicated by the NW'A 7014A in the track #N 7010, for example, one the rcplaaemerit management information corresponding to the recording ie provided.
Horaev$r, in the present. embodiment , as shov~n in Figure 371r, the data °A1" 7020 is recorded at a location of PSN=a2 indicated by the NWA 9,004A in an unrecorded area of track #M 7000 (i.c, closed track).
Then, replacement managem~nt information 7030 having an original loaatian of PSN=a1 and a xeplaaement loaatiox~ of P5N=a2 ie provid~d as th$ replaoement management information correspcndir~g to this pse~uda-overrarite re-ot~rd~.ng, as shoran in the replacement management information list $hoWr~ in Figure 378.
further, it is possible to provide replacement management ir~formation 9031 having an original loaatian of PSN=8.2 and a replacement location of P5N~~0, likes th~
embodiments described abvvc.

The LRA 7003A is updated t0 the LRA 70038.
8y performing such a pseudo-overwrite recording, while maintair~~.x~g a function of the closed track that the recording of a new data ie prohibited, it is possible to use an unrecorded area in the closed traa7s as an area for a replacement cluster.
As a result , the data area can b~ utilized ~ffeativ~ely without any loss in the write-once information recording medium having a tracl~ structure.
Further, when it is desired that only data for replaaament clusters is recorded in a specific area on the informat3.on recording medium x.00, the specific area may be set as a alos~ed track according to the peasant embodiment , Thus , the specific area in which data for replacement clusters can be recorded while inhibiting the recording cf a new data from the host apparatus 305 can be realized.
Such an area can be used, for exempla, e~ an area for recording Manly data after update when metadata file 440 ie updated using the pseudo-overwrite recording.
In the state shown in FS.gure 37A, it.i6 pQSSible to reproduce data by referring to the replacement management information 7030, accord~.ng to a procedure siia~.lar to the prace8ure in other embodiments described above.
Figure 3811, shawl another exemplary data structure on the information reaoraing ynedium l00 before a reaord~.ng process according to the present embodiment is performed.
i In this example, track #M 7.00 is a closed track.
In track #M 7100, data is recorded up to a location indicated by the LRA 7103A. However, it is imp0~$ib.le to perform appending recording of a new data in track #M 7100.
Track #N 7110 is an open track. Data "H" 7111 is recorded~,n track #N 7110 . It ~.c~ possible to perform appending recording of a new data in track #N 9110.
In the state shown in Figure 38A, it is assumed that the host apparatus 305 outputs a recardir~g ~.netruation to th$ drive apparatus 310 to pseudo-overwrite data "81" 7130 on data "8" 7~,1i.
,According to they procedure of dat$ recording described above, the data "B1" 7120 is recorded at a location indicated by the NWA 711411 ~.n the track #N 7110, for example, and the replacement management information aorrespc~nding to the r~oording ie provided.
However, in the present ~mbvdimcnt , as shawn in, Figure 39A, the data "B1" 9120 is recorded at a ~,ocation of FSN~b2 indicated by the NWA ~104A ~.h an unrecorded area of track #M 7.00 (i.e. closed track).
Then, replacement rnanagcmcnt inform8tion 9130 having an original location of PSN~b1 and a replacement location of PSN=b2 is provided as th~ repla~cenwnt management infornnation corresponding to this pseudo-overwr:Cte re-3l~ cording, as shown in the ropl.aeement management informat3.on l3.st shown in Figure 39H.
Further, it is pvscsible to prov~,da replacement P3815a management information 9131 having an orig~.ria~, ~,ocation of PSN~b2 and a replacement iooatioa of PSN=0, like the e~ebodiments described above.
The LRIi 7103A is updated to thr~ LRA ?'1038. On the other hand, the LRA 9ii311 ire the travk #N 9110 is not updated.
Hy p~rfArm~,ng such a pseudo-overwrite. recording, it is possible to utilize the data area effectively without any loss . It is further possible not to provide repi~c$morit management inform~tior~ when a new date 3.s record~d in the track #N 7I,10. As a result, it is possible to restrict the size of the replacement managetaent information list.
In view of such an effect, when there are a plurality of unreoo~ded areas on the information recording medium 100, it is possib~,e to use an unreco~tded area in a closed track ~ov~.th higher priority.
ZO In the state shown in F~,gure 3911, it is possible to reproduce data by referring to th$ rep~.acement management inforimation 7130, according to a procedure similar to the praaedura in other embadimerrts described above.
When a replaoerner~t recording is performed for a closed track, it is possible to uea trawls management information 7210 as shown ih Figure 40.
In the track management inforjnat~.on 9a~0, trat~k typo information 7a5o and last replacement reeordad addr~ss information 7351 are newly defined, compared to the track management information 310 . The track type information 9250 is described later.

- x.32 -P3815::
The la$t replaasment recorded address information 7251 is dasaribed below.
As described abo~tre, according to the present embodiment, data far a replacement Cluster is recorded in a closed track and the LRA is the closed track ie updated .
~nthen the last replacement reaarde'd address in-formation 7x51 is used, after a track is closed, the LR7~
in the closed traal~ is not updated. Instead, the last replacement recorded address information 9x51 is updated.
At the tirue immediately after a traclt is closed, the ~.9 LR.A in the closed track and the last replaaemer~'~ xecorded address information 7251 indicate the soma location, Each time data for a replacemez~t cluster is recorded in the closed track, the last replacement recorded addr~ se information 751 is updated.
The next replac$ment recording for the c~.osed track is performed from a location indicated by the last replacement recorded address information 7251.
Z5 Thus, by' independently managing the LRA in the clos8d track and the last r$placemcnt recorded address infornoatxon 7251, it is possible to manage the last recorded address before and after the track is closed.
In order to facilitate the managemerit of the olosed tracks availe,ble for replacement recording,. it i$ possible to newly provide a list of the track number of the closed tracks in the header information a01.

- 13~ -P~815Z
This list is it~depelndent of a list of the track riumb4r of the opar~ tracks inoluded in the header information 201.
Further, it is possible to hold information in-dictating a replacement cluster at which data is recorded after a track ie closed.
For example, it is possible tv provide a new flag 1D Flag 4 in the replacement management information lOid8 described above . In this aese, if data is recorded in a track when the track is open, then a value t~f "0" is set to Flag 4 ( i . a . Fiag4-0 ) , I f data is recorded in a track when the track is closed, then a value of "1" is set to Flag4 (i.e.
Flag4-1).
In the raplaaement management information 93Q and 780, a value of "lp ~.s set to Flag4.
ZO There exists an aria for storing attribute in formation in each ECC cluster. In the area for storing they attribute information, it is possible to hold ir~fo~aatioa (e.g. informat~,on similar to Flags described above) in dicating a replacement cluster at which data is recorded Z5 after a track is alose~d.
Naxt, it is described a case where a dedicated track in tha user data area i~s used for allocating the replacement cluster.
~0 Figure 4lJr shows an exemplary data structure on the information recording medium l00 before a recording process according to the present embod3~nent is performed.

- x,34 -Herein, track #M 7300 is a track, like other emt~adimex~t~ described above. For exempla, data "A" 7301 is recorded in tr$ck #M 7300. Hereinafter, suQh a track is referred to as a user data track.
Track #N 7310 is a track which is sp$tsific in the pr~sa~e~nt embodiment . Traek #N 9310 includes an extended spare area 931x.
I, 0 Treck #N 7310 is a c~ec~.ioated track for recording data for replacement clusters, unlike the conventional user data track, The dedicated track i$ defined as a specific area in the user data area x.08, wherein the speaifie ar~a has a function similar to the spare area 106 or 107 . Her~sinafter, such a track ig referred to as an extended spare track.
Figure 42A shows an exemplary data structure an the ~,nformation recording medium 100 after pesto-overwriting data "A~," 7320 on data "A" 7301 shown in Figure 41A, As shown 3n Figure 42A, data "A1" 7310 is record~d ire track #N 9310. Then, replacement management info~tmation 9330 having an original location of PSN=a1 and a replaa~nar~t 35 location of PSN~~a3 is generated as shown in Figure 428.
The LRA in the track #N 7310 is managed by the track management information, like other trac~ks~, The LRA 9312A
1~9 updated to the LRA 93038.
Figure 43 shows an r'xemplary data structure of trr~,ck management information 7410 according to rtha present embodiment.

i In the track management infvrmatior~ 741.0, track type ~.aformation X750 is new3.y defined, compared to the track management information 810.
The track type information 7750 includes inforraation identifying a user data track and an eyrtended spare tra~sk desar~,bcd above. Fdr example, if the track is a user data track, than a value of "0" is set to the information. If the freak ~.s an extended spare track, then a, value of "1"
is set to the iniormatiox~.
It is possible to further provide a flag indicating the presenoe/abses~ca of an unreodrdad area in the extended 1,5 spare $rQa 73io and the h.ke, compare8 to the track management information Z10A.
rn the state shown in Figure 42,p, it is pas~ib7.e to ~reproduoe data by referring to the replacement managen~e~nt information 7330, according to a procedure similar to the procedure ire other embodiments desaribad above.
As described above, by defining an extended spare track as a recording loce.tion of the replacement cluster, ~5 it xs possible to perforra a replacement recording within the user data area. Furth~r, it is possibl$ to locate raplaoement cluster$ in a spevifia area in a aonae~ntrated manner, thereby perfox~nirig data aooes~ at high~r speed.
The user data track and the extended spar~x track can be managed by the same session management 3r~formation z00.
Alternatively, it ,is possible to provide r~evr session management information for managing they extended spare track only.
P3815~
In order to fa~il~,tate the managemexrt of the extended spare area, it is possibly to add information to the spare area information ii05 or the spare areaamanagemsnt information 1108 in the disc stru~sture information 1100.
It is pt~ss~3ble to add informs,tion for managing 'the extended spare area to ~.nformatiorr for managing the spare area 106.
For example, tk~e information for managing the extended spare area may include a flag indicating the presenae/absencc of the extended spare area, a size of the ~.5 extended spare area, a flag indicating the presenos/abssnae of an unrecorded ar~a in they extended spare area, information ~.ndicating a locat~.on at whioh data is to be record~d n$xt in the extended spare e~rea, and the li7ce.
0 Conventionally, it is only possible to add a n~w track to a track looated at the and of the user data area. 8owev~r, it may be possible to a8d the, extended spare track within an open trawls havis~g an unreoorded area. This ma3see ~.t possible to ,improve flexibil3.ty for allocating the extended 25 spare area.
Since thr extended spare acts has a similar function as the spare area, it is possible to use the extended space area as a temporal disc management information area for 30 raaording the disc management information such a.s the latest diso structure information 111.0, th$ seasioa management information 200 sad the replacement management information list 1000. Since the ~seseion management 3.nformatic~n 200 and - x,37 -i P38152 , the replacement management information list t0o0 are data having ac variable length, it is poss~,ble to use th~ extended spare area when an unrevorde8 area in the temporal disc management information area provided in the lead-in area 10z, the inner spare area 106 or the out~r spares area i09 3s insufficient . In this case, it is preferable to record a recording location of the temporal di~9c management ~.nformation in the lead-in arse. lOl, for example, ( $~rbt~dimatzt 8 ) Hlith, refarena~ to Figure 43, track type information 9750 in the track management information 9410 will be described.
The tro,ck type information 9950 includes information for ~.dentifying a track available as a recording location of the replacement cluster. For example, if the track is available, then a value of "o' is s~t to the information.
If the track ie not available, then a value of "1" is set tc the information.
The non-availabl0 track is, for example, a closed track having no rxn,recorded area, or any track which tsannot be used as a replacement location for some ~teason regardless of the preeence/absenaa of th,e unrecorded area.
i Tt may be pvesible to set an open track as the non-available. track.
8y referring to the track type inforrna,t3.on 9960, the i drive apparatus 310 can easily recognize a track avai~.able ass a replacement location. , P3815~
Figure ~~ shows an exemplary dai~a etruature of track management information 8x14 according to the present embodiment.
~r~ the traale manage~men~t information 8210, re-plaeement control information 8001 is net~,tly~def~,ned, oompared to the track management information Z10.
The replacement control information 8001 provides information for oontrolling a rep~.acemsnt location with respect to the tracks managed by the track management information 8Z~,0.
Specifically, the replacement Control information 8005 make8 it possible to specify a spear area, the same trrevk, a different track and the like as a replacement location.
The v$1ue S ( B . g . ~~ 0 " , * 1 ° and ° a ° ) are as signed t0 the respeativs repaaaement loaa'~~.o~as . The replacement location can be speoified by selectively Oat~t~.ng the value to the replaaemesnt control information 8001.
8y referring to the replacement control information 8001, the drive apparatus 31p determines a recozding location of the replacement cluster in a rQplacement recording in which an original cluster in a track is specified.
Trlhen thQ replaaemsnt control information 8001 indicates a spare area as a replawement location, data for the replacement cluster is reworded in the spare area.
similarly, the replacement control information 8001 in-dieates a differ~nt track as a replacement looatian, data is reworded in an unreoorded area in a track which is different from the original track , As described above, by providing information for controlling a replacement location such as the trade type information 7960 er the replacement control inforsaation 8001 in the tracl~management infcrraation, it is possible to realize an, excellent implementation which can be reflected by 'the intent of the information secordingjreproduction apparatus or a user with respect to the replacement recording.
INDUST~tIAh APPLICABILITY
The present invention is useful, since it provides a drive apparatus arid the like capable of utilizing the user data area without any loss in the pseudo-overwrite recording for the write-once optical c9.i80,

Claims (6)

1. A drive apparatus for performing a sequential recording for a write-once recording medium, wherein the write-once recording medium includes a data area and a disc management information area, the data area includes a spare area and a user data area, disc management information for managing the write-once recording medium is recorded in the disc management information area, a plurality of physical addresses are assigned to the data area, a plurality of logical addresses are assigned to the user data area, at least one track is allocated in the user data area, the disc management information includes track management information for managing the at least one track, and the track management information includes a last recorded address indicating a location at which data is last recorded in a track, the drive apparatus comprising:
a recording/reproduction section for performing a recording operation or a reproduction operation for the write-once recording medium; and a drive control section for controlling the re-cording/reproduction section, wherein the drive control section performs a process including:
reading the disc management information from the disc management information area;
determining a primary logical address-physical address mapping indicating a corresponding relationship between the plurality of logical addresses and the plurality of physical addresses based on the disc management in-formation;
receiving a recording instruction including a logical address indicating location at which data is to be recorded;
translating the logical address included in the recording instruction into a physical address in accordance with the primary logical address-physical address mapping;
determining a track of the at least one track based on the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction and the track management information;
determining a physical address indicating a location at which data can be recorded next in the determined track as a next writable address, based on the last recorded address in the determined track;
comparing the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction with the next writable address;
when the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction is smaller than the next writable address, performing a process including:
controlling the recording/reproduction section to record the data at a specific location in the user data area, the specific location being a location other than the location indicated by the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction;
generating new disc management information including replacement management information for mapping the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction to the physical address indicating the specific location and the last recorded address updated by recording of the data; and controlling the recording/reproduction section to record the new disc management information in the disc management information area;
when the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction is equal to the next writable address, performing a process including:
controlling the recording/reproduction section to record the data at location indicated by the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction;
generating new disc management information including the last recorded address updated by recording of the data; and controlling the recording/reproduction section to record the new disc management information in the disc management information area.

2. A drive apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the write-once recording medium includes a plurality of ECC clusters, each of the plurality of ECC clusters includes a plurality of sectors, the plurality of physical addresses are assigned to the plurality of sectors, and the next writable address is an physical address of a first sector included in an ECC cluster next to an ECC
cluster including the last recorded address.

3. A drive apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the determined track is an open track, and the specific location in the user data area is determined as a location indicated by a next writable address in the determined track.

4. A drive apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the determined track is an open track, the specific location in the user data area is determined as a location indicated by a next writable address in an open track which is different from the determined track, the next writable address in the open track indicates a location which is closest to the location indicated by the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the recording instruction.

5. A drive apparatus for reproducing data recorded in a write-once recording medium, wherein the write-once recording medium includes a data area and a disc management information area, the data area includes a spare area and a user data area, disc management information for managing the write-once recording medium is recorded in the disc management information area, a plurality of physical addresses are assigned to the data area, a plurality of logical addresses are assigned to the user data area, the disc management information includes a re-placement management information list including a plurality of replacement management information, each of the plurality of replacement management information maps a physical address indicating a location of the user data area to a separate physical address, the drive apparatus comprising:
a recording/reproduction section for performing a recording operation or a reproduction operation for the write-once recording medium; and a drive control section for controlling the re-cording/reproduction section, wherein the drive control section performs a process including:
reading the disc management information from the disc management information area;
determining a primary logical address-physical address mapping indicating a corresponding relationship between the plurality of logical addresses and the plurality of physical addresses based on the disc management in-formation;
receiving a reproduction instruction including a logical address indicating location at which data is to be reproduced;
translating the logical address included in the reproduction instruction into a physical address in ac-cordance with the primary logical address-physical address mapping;
determining whether or not the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the reproduction instruction is not mapped as an original location of a separate physical sector and it is mapped as a replacement location of a separate physical sector;
when it is determined that the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the reproduction instruction is not mapped are an original location of a separate physical sector and it is mapped as a replacement location of a separate physical sector, outputting a predetermined data without reproducing data from the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the reproduction instruction.

6. A drive apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the predetermined data is data reproduced from the physical address corresponding to the logical address included in the reproduction instruction.