CA2582952A1 - Methods and apparatus for analyzing a sample in the presence of interferents - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for analyzing a sample in the presence of interferents Download PDFInfo
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- CA2582952A1 CA2582952A1 CA002582952A CA2582952A CA2582952A1 CA 2582952 A1 CA2582952 A1 CA 2582952A1 CA 002582952 A CA002582952 A CA 002582952A CA 2582952 A CA2582952 A CA 2582952A CA 2582952 A1 CA2582952 A1 CA 2582952A1
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- Prior art keywords
- current
- current value
- analyte concentration
- transient
- peak
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1486—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
- C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
- G01N27/3274—Corrective measures, e.g. error detection, compensation for temperature or hematocrit, calibration
Abstract
Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for determining analyte concentration in a rapid and accurate manner. The methods include depositing a physiological sample in an electrochemical cell and finding a first and second current transient. Peak current values are obtained from the first and second peak current values and used to reduce the influence of interferents in a current value. Based on this "corrected" current value, an accurate analyte concentration can be determined.
Claims (21)
1. A method for reducing the effect of interferent in a test for analyte concentration, comprising:
(a) introducing a physiological sample into an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising:
(i) first and second electrodes in a spaced apart relationship, and (ii) a first reagent;
(b) applying a first test potential having a first polarity to the cell and measuring cell current to obtain a first peak current value, (c) applying a second test potential and measuring cell current to obtain a second peak current value;
(d) calculating an interference correction factor base on the first and second peak current values, wherein the interference correction factor can be used to reduce the influence of interferents in a glucose concentration calculation.
(a) introducing a physiological sample into an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising:
(i) first and second electrodes in a spaced apart relationship, and (ii) a first reagent;
(b) applying a first test potential having a first polarity to the cell and measuring cell current to obtain a first peak current value, (c) applying a second test potential and measuring cell current to obtain a second peak current value;
(d) calculating an interference correction factor base on the first and second peak current values, wherein the interference correction factor can be used to reduce the influence of interferents in a glucose concentration calculation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (c) further includes measuring cell current as a function of time to obtain a second current transient and calculating a first current value based on the second current transient.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of calculating a corrected first current value by removing an interferent current value from the first current value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of calculating a corrected first current value includes multiplying the first current value by an interferent correction equation, wherein the interferent correction equation is where i pb is the first peak current value, i pa is the second peak current value, and i ss is a steady-state current value.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further includes the steps of calculating a second current value based on the second current transient and measuring cell current as a function of time in step (b) to obtain a first current transient and calculating a third current value based on the first current transient.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of calculating an analyte concentration based upon an equation where [C] is an analyte concentration, i4 is the first correct current value, i2 is the second current value, i3 is the third current value, and a, p, and Z are calibration factors.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first reagent layer is disposed on the first electrode.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first polarity is negative with respect to the second electrode and the second polarity is positive with respect to the second electrode.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a second reagent layer is disposed on the second electrode, wherein the second reagent layer comprises a redox mediator and is substantially free of the enzyme, and the redox mediator is capable of oxidizing an interferent present in the physiological sample.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein step (c) further includes measuring cell current as a function of time to obtain a second current transient.
11. The method of claim 11, wherein an analyte concentration is calculated based upon an equation where [C] is an analyte concentration, i pp is a current value derived from the second current transient, C o is an estimated glucose concentration, i pa is the first peak current value, i pb is the second peak current value, and i ss is a steady state current value and Z is a calibration factor.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the term i pp is an average current over a short period of time near the end of the second current transient.
13. A method for determining an analyte concentration in a physiological sample containing both an analyte and an interferent, the method comprising, (a) introducing a physiological sample into an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising:
(i) a first and second electrodes in a spaced apart relationship, and (ii) a first reagent layer comprising an enzyme and a mediator;
(b) applying a first test potential having a first polarity to the cell, measuring cell current, and determining a first peak current value, (c) allowing an open-circuit potential time interval to elapse;
(d) applying a second test potential after the open-circuit potential time interval, the second test potential having a second polarity, measuring cell current, and determining a second peak current value, (g) subtracting the first peak current value from the second peak current value to determine a corrected current that is proportional the analyte concentration within the sample, and (h) using the corrected current to calculate analyte concentration.
(i) a first and second electrodes in a spaced apart relationship, and (ii) a first reagent layer comprising an enzyme and a mediator;
(b) applying a first test potential having a first polarity to the cell, measuring cell current, and determining a first peak current value, (c) allowing an open-circuit potential time interval to elapse;
(d) applying a second test potential after the open-circuit potential time interval, the second test potential having a second polarity, measuring cell current, and determining a second peak current value, (g) subtracting the first peak current value from the second peak current value to determine a corrected current that is proportional the analyte concentration within the sample, and (h) using the corrected current to calculate analyte concentration.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the open-circuit potential time interval is in the range of about 1 second to 5 seconds.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the open-circuit potential time interval is in the range of about 2 second to 3 seconds.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the analyte concentration is calculated based upon an equation [C] = intercept + slope x(l pb - i pa) where [C] is an analyte concentration, i pa is the first peak current value, i pb is the second peak current value, and slope and intercept are calibration factors.
17. The method of claim 13, further comprising measuring a first current transient in step (b) and measuring a second current transient is step (c).
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the analyte concentration is calculated based upon an equation where [C] is an analyte concentration, i pa is the first peak current value, i pb is the second peak current value, l2 is a current value derived from the second current transient, i3 is a current value derived from the first current transient, and slope and intercept are calibration factors.
19. A method for determining an analyte concentration in a physiological sample containing both an analyte and an interferent, the method comprising, (a) introducing a physiological sample into an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising:
(i) a first and second electrodes in a spaced apart relationship; and (ii) a reagent;
(b) applying a first test potential having a first polarity to the cell and measuring cell current;
(d) applying a second test potential having a second polarity and measuring cell current;
(e) determining a first steady state current from the current measurement of step (b);
(f) determining a second steady state current from the current measurement of step (c), and (g) determining a value that is proportional to analyte concentration, and which is less influenced by interferent, by subtracting the first steady state current value from the second steady state current value.
(i) a first and second electrodes in a spaced apart relationship; and (ii) a reagent;
(b) applying a first test potential having a first polarity to the cell and measuring cell current;
(d) applying a second test potential having a second polarity and measuring cell current;
(e) determining a first steady state current from the current measurement of step (b);
(f) determining a second steady state current from the current measurement of step (c), and (g) determining a value that is proportional to analyte concentration, and which is less influenced by interferent, by subtracting the first steady state current value from the second steady state current value.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the analyte concentration is calculated based upon an equation where [H] is an analyte concentration, l ssa is the steady state current from the first current transient, l ssb is the steady state current from the second current transient, slope and intercept are calibration factors, F is Faraday's constant, A is the area of the fist electrode, D is the diffusion coefficient of the redox-active molecule, and L is the electrode spacing.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the analyte is hemoglobin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/278,341 US8163162B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Methods and apparatus for analyzing a sample in the presence of interferents |
| US11/278,341 | 2006-03-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2582952A1 true CA2582952A1 (en) | 2007-09-30 |
| CA2582952C CA2582952C (en) | 2011-05-31 |
Family
ID=38229147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2582952A Active CA2582952C (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | Methods and apparatus for analyzing a sample in the presence of interferents |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8163162B2 (en) |
| EP (4) | EP2263522B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5203620B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2007201378B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2582952C (en) |
| ES (3) | ES2663784T3 (en) |
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| EP2266455A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| EP2263522B1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
| JP2007271622A (en) | 2007-10-18 |
| CA2582952C (en) | 2011-05-31 |
| US8163162B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
| EP2263522A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| EP1839571A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
| AU2007201378B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| ES2661543T3 (en) | 2018-04-02 |
| EP2263521A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| US20070227912A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
| ES2663784T3 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
| EP2266455B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| EP1839571B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
| JP5203620B2 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
| ES2639542T3 (en) | 2017-10-27 |
| AU2007201378A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
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