CA2585680A1 - Toner compositions and processes - Google Patents

Toner compositions and processes Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2585680A1
CA2585680A1 CA002585680A CA2585680A CA2585680A1 CA 2585680 A1 CA2585680 A1 CA 2585680A1 CA 002585680 A CA002585680 A CA 002585680A CA 2585680 A CA2585680 A CA 2585680A CA 2585680 A1 CA2585680 A1 CA 2585680A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
copoly
poly
adipate
sulfo
toner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002585680A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2585680C (en
Inventor
Valerie M. Farrugia
Raj D. Patel
Michael S. Hawkins
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of CA2585680A1 publication Critical patent/CA2585680A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2585680C publication Critical patent/CA2585680C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
    • G03G9/09741—Organic compounds cationic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
    • G03G9/0975—Organic compounds anionic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09783—Organo-metallic compounds

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A toner composition includes toner particles including a polymeric resin, a colorant, a wax, and an optional coagulant, and a coagulant applied as a surface additive to a surface of the toner particles to alter a triboelectric charge of the toner particles.

Claims (29)

1. A toner composition comprising:
toner particles comprising:
a polymeric resin;
a colorant;
a wax; and an optional second coagulant, and a first coagulant applied as a surface additive to a surface of said toner particles to alter a triboelectric charge of said toner particles.
2. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin is a polyester resin.
3. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene-terephthalate, polypropylene-terephthalate, polybutylene-terephthalate, polypentylene-terephthalate, polyhexalene-terephthalate, polyheptadene-terephthalate, polyoctalene-terephthalate, polyethylene-sebacate, polypropylene sebacate, polybutylene-sebacate, polyethylene-adipate, polypropylene-adipate, polybutylene-adipate, polypentylene-adipate, polyhexalene-adipate, polyheptadene-adipate, polyoctalene-adipate, polyethylene-glutarate, polypropylene-glutarate, polybutylene-glutarate, polypentylene-glutarate, polyhexalene-glutarate, polyheptadene-glutarate, polyoctalene-glutarate polyethylene-pimelate, polypropylene-pimelate, polybutylene-pimelate, polypentylene-pimelate, polyhexalene-pimelate, polyheptadene-pimelate, poly(propoxylated bisphenol-fumarate), poly(propoxylated bisphenol-succinate), poly(propoxylated bisphenol-adipate), poly(propoxylated bisphenol-glutarate), sulfonated forms of the preceding resins, and mixtures thereof.
4. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-co-poly(ethylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-iosphthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-co-poly(butylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-succinate), alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl-copoly(butylene-succinate), alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-succinate), alkali copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-succinate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-sebacate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-sebacate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-sebacate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-sebacate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-sebacate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-sebacate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-iosphthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-adipate), alkali copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl) copoly(hexylene-adipate), and poly(octylene-adipate).
5. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin is a sulfonated polyester resin.
6. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin is selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, butadienes, isoprene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, polyesters, poly(styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(methyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(styrene-isoprene), poly(methyl styrene-isoprene), poly(methyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(methyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl acrylate-isoprene);
poly(styrene-propyl acrylate), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate), poly(styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid), and styrene/butyl acrylate/carboxylic acid terpolymers, and mixtures thereof.
7. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin comprises a crystalline polyester resin, an amorphous polyester resin, or a mixture of a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin.
8. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric resin is present in the toner particles, exclusive of any optional external additives, and on a dry weight basis, in an amount of from about 70 to about 95% by weight of the toner particles.
9. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner particles further comprise the second coagulant incorporated into the toner particles as an aggregating agent.
10. The toner composition of claim 9, wherein the second coagulant is the same as the first coagulant.
11. The toner composition of claim 9, wherein the second coagulant is present in the toner particles, exclusive of any optional external additives, and on a dry weight basis, in an amount of from 0 to about 5 % by weight of the toner particles.
12. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first coagulant is a metal salt or a metal oxide, the metal having a valance of at least 3.
13. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first coagulant is selected from the group consisting of polyaluminum halides, polyaluminum silicates, polyaluminum hydroxides, and polyaluminum phosphate.
14. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first coagulant is selected from the group consisting of polyaluminum chloride and polyaluminum sulfosilicate.
15. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first coagulant is anchored to the surface of the toner particles.
16. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first coagulant is present in the toner composition in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 10 % by weight of the toner particles on a dry weight basis.
17. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first coagulant is present in the toner composition in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5 % by weight of the toner particles on a dry weight basis.
18. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the wax is an alkylene wax present in an amount of about 5 % to about 15 % by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
19. The toner composition of claim 18, wherein the wax is a polyethylene wax, a polypropylene wax, or mixtures thereof.
20. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the colorant comprises a pigment, a dye, or mixtures thereof, in an amount of about 1 % to about 25 %
by weight based upon the total weight of the composition.
21. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner particles have a negative triboelectric charge, but the toner composition has a neutral or positive triboelectric charge.
22. A process for preparing a toner, comprising:
mixing a polymeric resin emulsion, a colorant dispersion, and a wax to form a mixture;
adding an organic or an inorganic acid to said mixture;
optionally adding a second coagulant to said mixture;
heating the mixture, permitting aggregation and coalescence of said polymeric resin, colorant, and wax, to form toner particles, optionally cooling the mixture and isolating the toner particles, and adding a first coagulant as a surface additive to a surface of said toner particles to alter a triboelectric charge of said toner particles.
23. The process of claim 22, wherein the first coagulant does not cause further appreciable aggregation or coalescence of the toner particles.
24. The process of claim 22, wherein the first coagulant and the second coagulant are poly metal halides.
25. The process of claim 22, wherein the first coagulant neutralizes, pacifies, or masks existing negative charges of said toner particles.
26. The process of claim 22, wherein the heating comprises a first heating below about the glass transition temperature of the polymeric resin and a second heating above about the glass transition temperature of the polymeric resin.
27. The toner process of claim 26, wherein the first heating is from about 45°C to about 60°C and the second heating is from about 80°C to about 95°C.
28. A developer comprising:
the toner of claim 1, and a carrier.
29. A method of developing an image, comprising:
applying the toner composition of claim 1 to an image; and fusing the toner composition to a substrate.
CA2585680A 2006-04-26 2007-04-19 Toner compositions and processes Expired - Fee Related CA2585680C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/380,302 2006-04-26
US11/380,302 US7553595B2 (en) 2006-04-26 2006-04-26 Toner compositions and processes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2585680A1 true CA2585680A1 (en) 2007-10-26
CA2585680C CA2585680C (en) 2011-04-05

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Family Applications (1)

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CA2585680A Expired - Fee Related CA2585680C (en) 2006-04-26 2007-04-19 Toner compositions and processes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7553595B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1850187B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5085968B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0701796A (en)
CA (1) CA2585680C (en)
DE (1) DE602007001998D1 (en)

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US8211609B2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2012-07-03 Xerox Corporation Toner compositions
US8133649B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2012-03-13 Xerox Corporation Toner compositions
US20110094320A1 (en) * 2009-10-26 2011-04-28 Liang Hong Method for evaluating de-agglomeration/coagulation stability of agglomerates materials
US9316936B2 (en) * 2013-08-28 2016-04-19 Xerox Corporation Colored toners
CN113703296B (en) * 2021-08-28 2023-12-22 湖北鼎龙控股股份有限公司 Toner and preparation method thereof

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7553595B2 (en) 2009-06-30
BRPI0701796A (en) 2007-12-11
JP2007293343A (en) 2007-11-08
EP1850187B1 (en) 2009-08-19
US20070254228A1 (en) 2007-11-01
JP5085968B2 (en) 2012-11-28
DE602007001998D1 (en) 2009-10-01
EP1850187A1 (en) 2007-10-31
CA2585680C (en) 2011-04-05

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