CA2618747A1 - Substituted imidazole compounds as ksp inhibitors - Google Patents

Substituted imidazole compounds as ksp inhibitors Download PDF

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CA2618747A1
CA2618747A1 CA002618747A CA2618747A CA2618747A1 CA 2618747 A1 CA2618747 A1 CA 2618747A1 CA 002618747 A CA002618747 A CA 002618747A CA 2618747 A CA2618747 A CA 2618747A CA 2618747 A1 CA2618747 A1 CA 2618747A1
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phenyl
imidazol
benzyl
amino
fluoro
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Paul A. Barsanti
Yi Xia
Weibo Wang
Kris G. Mendenhall
Liana M. Lagniton
Savithri Ramurthy
Megan C. Phillips
Sharadha Subramanian
Rustum Boyce
Nathan M. Brammeier
Ryan Constantine
David Duhl
Annette O. Walter
Tinya J. Abrams
Paul A. Renhowe
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Novartis AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Abstract

The present invention relates to new substituted imidazole compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof, compositions of the derivatives together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and uses of the compounds. The compounds of the invention have the following general formula (I).

Description

SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AS KSP INHIBITORS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cross Reference to Related Applications [0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of United States Provisional Application Serial Number 60/706,901, filed August 9, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to substituted imidazole compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof, compositions of these compounds together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and uses of these compounds.

State of the Art [0003] Kinesins are motor proteins that use adenosine triphosphate to bind to Xnicrotubules and generate mechanical force. Kinesins are characterized by a motor domain having about 350 amino acid residues. The crystal structures of several kinesin motor domains have been resolved.

f00041 Currently, about one hundred kinesin-related proteins (KRP) have been identified. Kinesins are involved in a variety of cell biological processes including transport of organelles and vesicles, and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum. Several KRPs interact with the microtubules of the mitotic spindle or with the chromosomes directly and appear to play a pivotal role during the mitotic stages of the cell cycle.
These mitotic KRPs are of particular interest for the development of cancer therapeutics.
[0005] Kinesin spindle protein,(KSP) (also known as Eg5, HsEg5, KNSL1, or KIF11) is one of several kinesin-like motor proteins that are localized to the mitotic spindle and known to be required for formation and/or function of the bipolar mitotic spindle.
[0006] In 1995, the depletion of KSP using an antibody directed against the C-terminus of KSP was shown to arrest HeLa cells in mitosis with monoastral microtubule arrays (Blangy et al., Cell 83:1159-1169, 1995). Mutations in bimC and cut7 genes, which are considered to be homologues of KSP, cause failure in centrosome separation in Aspergillus nidulans (Enos, A.P., and N.R. Morris, Cell 60:1019-1027, 1990) and Schizosaccharonzyces poinbe (Hagan, I., and M. Yanagida, Nature 347:563-566, 1990).
Treatment of cells with either ATRA (all trans-retinoic acid), which reduces KSP expression on the protein level, or depletion of KSP using antisense oligonucleotides revealed a significant growth inhibition in DAN-G pancreatic carcinoma cells indicating that KSP might be involved in the antiproliferative action of all trans-retinoic acid (Kaiser, A., et al., J Biol.
Chefn. 274, 18925-18931, 1999). Interestingly, the Xenopus laevis Aurora-related protein kinase pEg2 was shown to associate and phosphorylate X1Eg5 (Giet, R., et al., J Biol. Claenz.
274:15005-15013, 1999). Potential substrates of Aurora-related kinases are of particular interest for cancer drug development. For example, Aurof-a 1 and 2 kinases are overexpressed on the protein and RNA level and the genes are amplified in colon cancer patients.
[0007] The first cell permeable small molecule inhibitor for KSP, "monastrol," was shown to arrest cells with monopolar spindles without affecting microtubule polymerization as do conventional. chemotherapeutics such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids (Mayer, T.U., et al., Science 286:971-974, 1999). Monastrol was identified as an inhibitor in phenotype-based screens and it vvas suggested that this compound may serve as a lead for the development of anticancer drugs:. The inhibition was determined not to be competitive in respect to adenosine triphosphate and to be rapidly reversible (DeBonis, S., et al., BiochehzistYy, 42:338-349, 2003; Kapoor, T.M., et al., J. Cell Biol., 150:975-988, 2000).
[0008] In light of the importance of improved chemotherapeutics, there is a need for KSP inhibitors that are effective in vivo inhibitors of KSP and KSP-related proteins.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] This invention is directed to substituted imidazole compounds represented by the formula I:

RB

' wherein:
Rl is selected from the group consisting of aminoacyl, acylamino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, alkyl, and substituted allcyl with the proviso that substituted allcyl is not substituted with aryl or substituted aryl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, allcyl, and aryl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy;
or R3 and W together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, allcyl, substituted allcyl, allcenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl;
or Rl and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
or when Rl and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R5, togetlZer with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of L-Al, wherein L is selected from the-group consisting of -S(O)a- where q is one or two, and C1 to C5 alkylene optionally substituted witll hydroxy, halo, or acylamino; and A' is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; and one of either R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl, all of which may be optionally substituted with -(R'),,, where R9 is as defined herein and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the other of R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy;
and when m is an integer from 2 to 4, then each R9 may be the same or different;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A. Compounds of the Invention [0010] As stated above, compounds of the invention include those of formula I:

N

R6 (5'-~ N-- R4 wherein:
Rl is selected from the group consisting of aminoacyl, acylamino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, alkyl, and substituted alkyl with the proviso that substituted alkyl is not substituted with aryl or substituted aryl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy;
or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic, or substituted heterocyclic;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl;
or Rl and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
or when Rl and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R~ and R5, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of L-Al, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of -S(O)q- where q is one or two, and C1 to C5 alkylene optionally substituted with hydroxy, halo, or acylamino; and A' is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; and one of either R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl, all of which may be optionally substituted with -(R9),,, where R9 is as defined herein and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the other of R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and allcyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, allcyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy;
and when m is an integer from 2 to 4, then each R9 may be the same or different;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof.
[0011] In one embodiment of the invention, compounds of the invention are represented by formula II:

R14 )CH 2)n R12 \r_ N

( R1 p N._._R1o O

/

wherein:
n is 1, 2, or 3;
p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic, provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy;
or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic;
R10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, amino, substituted amino, acylamino, halo, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, and substituted nitrogen-containing heteroaryl;
R" is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; and when p is 2, 3, or 4, then each Ri 1 may be the same or different;
R12 is alkyl, R13 is hydrogen or alkyl, R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and allcyl;
or R10 and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;

or when R10 and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R10, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
A 2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof.

[0012] In one embodiment, Rl is alkyl. In another embodiment Rl is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, t-butyl, and propyl.
[0013] In another embodiment, R2 is hydrogen.
[0014] In one embodiment R3 and/or R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl and cycloalkyl, and is,selected from the group consisting of inetllyl, methoxyethyl, furan-2-ylmethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, cyclopropyl and isopropyl.
[0015] In one embodiment, R3 and/or R4 is aryl or substituted aryl and is selected from the group consisting of 4-cyanophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 3,5-dinitrophenyl, and phenyl.
[0016] In one embodiment, R3 and/or R4 is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl and is selected from the group consisting of thiophen-2-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, and 2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl.
[0017] In one embodiment, R3 and/or R4 is a heter-ocyclic group or substituted heterocyclic group and is tetrahydropyran-4-yl or 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl.
[0018] In one embodiment, either of R3 or R4 or both of R3 and R4 are hydrogen. In another embodiment, one of R3 or R4 is hydroxy.
[0019] In one embodiment, R3 and R4 are cyclized with the nitrogen atom bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic, and is selected from the group consisting of 1, 1 -dioxothiamorpholin-N-yl, 1-oxothianlorpholin-1-yl, 2-(aminomethylene)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2,6-dimethylmorpholin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-N-yl, 4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(dimethylamino)piperidin-N-yl; 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(methylcarbonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(methysulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(morpholin-N-yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(piperidin-N-yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazin-N-yl, 4-hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazin-4-yl, 4-methylpiperidin-N-yl, isoxazolidin-2-yl, morpholin-N-yl, piperazin-N-yl, piperidin-N-yl, 2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl, and pyrrolidin-N-yl.
[0020] In some embodiments, R5 is substituted alkyl. In one embodiment, R5 (or R10) is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)3NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OH)NH2, -CH2CH(F)CH2NH2, -CH2-[2-(CHZOH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -CH2-[4-(OH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -CH2-C(F)(spiropyrrolidin-3-yl), -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NH2, -(CHa)2C(CH3)2NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2, -(CH2)CH(CH2OCH3)NHZ, -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NHC(O)-[(2-CH3NHC(O))benzene], and -(CHa)2CH(CH2F)-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindole.
[0021] In one embodiment, wherein R' and R5 and the atoms bound thereto join to form a heterocyclic or a substituted heterocyclic group and the heterocyclic group is 2-oxo-tetrahydropyrimidinyl.
[0022] In one embodiment one of R6 or R7 is aryl or substituted aryl and is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl:
[0023] In one embodiment, the other of R6 or R7 (or R14) is hydrogen.
[0024] In one embodiment, L is alkylene and A' (or A) is aryl or substituted aryl.
[0025] In one embodiment, L is methylene and A' (or A) is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, or 3-hydroxyphenyl.
[0026] In one embodiment, R' is t-butyl, R2 is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, L
is methylene, A' is phenyl, R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, R7 is hydrogen. In another embodiment R' is t-butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L is methylene, A' is phenyl, R6 is phenyl substituted with 1 to 2 halo substituents, such as chloro or fluoro. In one embodiment Rl is t-butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L is methylene, Al is phenyl, R5 is substituted alkyl, such as -(CH2)3NH2, -CH2CH(F)CH2NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OCH3)NH2, -(CHZ)ZCH(CH3)NH2, -(CH2)2C(CH3)2NH2 and -(CHZ)2CH(CHZOH)NHa. In some embodiments, R' is t-butyl, Rz is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, L is methylene, Al is phenyl, R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, R7 is hydrogen, and R4 is allcyl. In one embodiment, R' is t-butyl and R~ is phenyl substituted with fluoro and may be 3-fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl.
In other embodiments, Rl is isopropyl and R6 is phenyl substituted with chloro and may be 3-chlorophenyl.

Representative Compounds of the Invention [0027] Specific compounds within the scope of this invention are exemplified in Tables 1, 2, and 3 in the experimental section.

Methods and Compositions of the Invention [0028] Also provided is a composition comprising a compound of formulas I
and II (including mixtures and/or salts thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
[0029] In another aspect,, the present invention provides methods of treating a mammalian patient suffering from a disorder mediated, at least in part, by KSP. Thus, the present invention provides methods of treating a mammalian patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a tllerapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas I and II (including mixtures thereof) either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents.

B. Definitions and Overview [0030] As discussed above, the present invention is directed to new substituted imidazole compounds.
[0031] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the claims, the singular forms "a," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification and in the claims which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have the following meanings:
[0032] As used herein, "alkyl" refers to monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl and the like.
[0033] "Substituted allcyl" refers to an alkyl group having from 1 to 3, and preferably 1 to 2, substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, spirocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, -S02-alkyl, and -SOa_substituted alkyl.
[0034] "Allcylene" refers to divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups preferably having from 1 to 5 and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are eitlier straight-chained or branched. This term is exemplified by groups such as methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), n-propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-), iso-propylene (-CH2CH(CH3)-) or (-CH(CH3)CH2-) and the like.
[0035] "Alkoxy" refers to the group "alkyl-O-" which includes, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy and the like.
[0036] "Substituted alkoxy" refers to the group "substituted alkyl-O-".
[0037] "Acyl" refers to the groups H-C(O)-, alkyl-C(O)-, substituted alkyl-C(O)-, alkenyl-C(O)-, substituted alkenyl-C(O)-, alkynyl-C(O)-, substituted alkynyl-C(O)- cycloalkyl-C(O)-, substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)-, aryl-C(O)-, substituted aryl-C(O)-, heteroaryl-C(O)-, substituted heteroaryl-C(O)-, heterocyclic-C(O)-, and substituted heterocyclic-C(O)-, wlierein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloallcyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
[0038] "Aminoacyl" refers to the group -C(O)NRR where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, allcenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where each R is joined to form together with the nitrogen atom a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic ring wherein allcyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
[0039] "Acyloxy" refers to the groups alkyl-C(O)O-, substituted a1ky1-C(O)O-, alkenyl-C(O)O-, substituted alkenyl-C(O)O-, alkynyl-C(O)O-, substituted alkynyl-C(O)O-, aryl-C(O)O-, substituted aiyl-C(O)O-, cycloalkyl-C(O)O-, substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)O-, heteroaryl-C(O)O-, substituted heteroaryl-C(O)O-, heterocyclic-C(O)O-, and substituted heterocyclic-C(O)O- wherein allcyl, substituted allcyl, allcenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
[0040] "Oxyacyl" or "carboxyl ester" refers to the groups -C(O)O-alkyl, -C(O)O-substituted alkyl, -C(O)O-alkenyl, -C(O)O-substituted alkenyl, -C(O)O-alkynyl, -C(O)O-substituted alkynyl, -C(O)O-aryl, -C(O)O-substituted aryl, -C(O)O-cycloallcyl, -C(O)O-substituted cycloalkyl, -C(O)O-heteroaryl, -C(O)O-substituted heteroaryl, -C(O)O-heterocyclic, and -C(O)O-substituted heterocyclic wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
[0041] "Alkenyl" refers to alkenyl groups having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1 to 2 sites of alkenyl unsaturation. Such groups are exemplified by vinyl, allyl, but-3-en-1-yl, and the like.
[0042] "Substituted alkenyl" refers to alkenyl groups having from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted allcoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloallcyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic with the proviso that any hydroxy substitution is not attached to a vinyl (unsaturated) carbon atom.
[0043] "Alkynyl" refers to allcynyl groups having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1 to 2 sites of alkynyl unsaturation.

[0044] "Substituted allcynyl" refers to alkynyl groups having from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted allcoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted ainino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted -aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloallcyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic with the proviso that any hydroxy substitution is not attached to an acetylenic carbon atom.
[0045] "Amino" refers to the group -NH2.
[0046] "Cyano" refers to the group -CN.
[0047] "Substituted amino" refers to the group NR1Z" where R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted allcyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, -S02-alkyl, -S02-substituted alkyl, and where R' and R" are joined, together with the nitrogen bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group provided that R' and R" are both not hydrogen. When R' is hydrogen and R" is alkyl, the substituted amino group is sometimes referred to herein as alkylamino. When R' and R" are alkyl, the substituted amino group is,sometimes referred to herein as dialkylamino. When referring to a monosubstituted amino, it is meant that either R' or R" is liydrogen but not both.
When referring to a disubstituted ainino, it is meant that neither R' or R" is hydrogen.
[0048] "Acylamino" refers to the groups NRC(O)allcyl, -NRC(O) substituted alkyl, -NRC(O)cycloalkyl, -NRC(O)substituted cycloalkyl, -NRC(O)alkenyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkenyl, -NRC(O)alkynyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkynyl, -NRC(O)aryl, -NRC(O)substituted aryl, -NRC(O)heteroaryl, -NRC(O)substituted heteroaryl, -NRC(O)heterocyclic, and -NRC(O)substituted heterocyclic where R
is hydrogen or allcyl and wllerein alkyl, substituted allcyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
[0049] "Nitro" refers to the group NO2.
[0050] "Aryl" or "Ar" refers to a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single "ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl) in which the condensed rings may or may not be aromatic (e.g., 2-benzoxazolinone, 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-7-yl, and the like) provided that the point of attaclunent is at an aromatic carbon atom. Preferred aryls include phenyl and naphthyl.
[0051] "Substituted aryl" refers to aryl groups which are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, allcyl, substituted allcyl, allcoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl,substituted alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cyano, thiol, alkylthio, substituted allcylthio, arylthio, substituted arylthio, heteroarylthio, substituted heteroarylthio, cycloallcylthio, substituted cyploalkylthio, heterocyclicthio, substituted heterocyclicthio, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, halo, nitro, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryloxy, substituted heteroaryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, substituted heterocyclyloxy, amino sulfonyl (NH2-SOZ-), and substituted amino sulfonyl.
[0052] "Aryloxy" refers to the group aryl-O- that includes, by way of exaniple, phenoxy, naphthoxy, and the like.
[0053] "Substituted aryloxy" refers to substituted aryl-O- groups.
[0054] "Carboxyl" refers to -COOH or salts thereof.
[0055] "Cycloalkyl" refers to cyclic alkyl groups of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple cyclic rings including, by way of example, adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl and the like.
[0056] "Spirocycloallcyl" refers to cyclic groups from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a cycloalkyl ring with a spiro union (the union formed by a single atom which is the only common member of the rings) as exemplified by the following structure:

Hz Hz [0057] "Substituted cycloallcyl" refers to a cycloalkyl group, having from 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of allcyl, substituted allcyl, oxo (=0), thioxo (=S), alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, -S02-alkyl and -S02-cycloalkyl [0058] "Halo" or "halogen" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo and preferably is fluoro or chloro.

[0059] "Hydroxy" refers to the group -OH.
[0060] "Heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur within the ring. Such heteroaryl groups can have a single ring (e.g., pyridinyl or furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., indolizinyl or benzothienyl) wherein the condensed rings may or may not be aromatic and/or contain a heteroatom provided that the point of attachment is through an atom of the aromatic heteroaryl group. In one embodiment, the nitrogen and/or the sulfur ring atom(s) of the heteroaryl group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N-oxide (N-> 0), sulfinyl, or sulfonyl moieties. Preferred heteroaryls include pyridinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, and furanyl.

[0061] "Substituted heteroaryl" refers to heteroaryl groups that are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from the same group of substituents defined for substituted aryl.

[0062] "Nitrogen-containing heteroaryl" and "nitrogen-containing substituted heteroaryl" refers to heteroaryl groups and substituted heteroaryl groups comprising at least one nitrogen ring atom and optionally comprising other non-nitrogen hetero ring atoms such as sulfur, oxygen and the like.

[0063] "Heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -0-heteroaryl and "substituted heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -0-substituted heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl are as defined herein.

[0064] "Heterocycle" or "heterocyclic" or "heterocycloalkyl" or "heterocyclyl" refers to a saturated or unsaturated (but not aromatic) group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, including fused bridged and spiro ring systems, from 1 to carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen within the ring wherein, in fused ring systems, one or more the rings can be cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl provided that the point of attachment is through the heterocyclic ring. In one embodiment, the nitrogen and/or sulfur atom(s) of the heterocyclic group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N-oxide, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl moieties.

[0065] "Substituted heterocyclic" or "substituted heterocycloalkyl" or "substituted heterocyclyl" refers to heterocyclyl groups that are substituted with from 1 to 3 of the same substituents as defined for substituted cycloalkyl.
[0066] Examples of heterocyclyls and heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azetidine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, dihydroindole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indoline, phthalimide, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene, thiazole, thiazolidine, thiophene, benzo[b]thiophene, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl (also referred to as thiamorpholinyl), 1, 1 -dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuranyl, and the like.
[0067] "Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic" and "nitrogen-containing substituted heterocyclic" refers to heterocyclic groups and substituted heterocyclic groups comprising at least one nitrogen ring atom and optionally comprising other non-nitrogen hetero ring atoms such as sulfur, oxygen and the,like.
[0068] "Thiol" refers to the group -SH.
[0069] "Alkylthio" or "tliioalkoxy" refers to the group -S-alkyl.
[0070] "Substituted alkylthio" or "substituted thioalkoxy" refers to the group -S-substituted alkyl.
[0071] "Arylthio" refers to the group -S-aryl, where aryl is defined above.
[0072] "Substituted arylthio" refers to the group -S-substituted aryl, where substituted aryl is defined above.
[0073] "Heteroarylthio" refers to the group -S-heteroaryl, where heteroaryl is defined above.
[0074] "Substituted heteroarylthio" refers to the group -S-substituted heteroaryl, where substituted heteroaryl is defined above.
[0075] "Heterocyclicthio" refers to the group -S-heterocyclic and "substituted heterocyclicthio" refers to the group -S-substituted heterocyclic, where heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are defined above.

[0076] "Heterocyclyloxy" refers to the group heterocyclyl-O- and "substituted heterocyclyloxy refers to the group substituted heterocyclyl-O-where heterocyclyl and substituted heterocyclyl are defined above.
[0077] "Cycloalkylthio" refers to the group -S-cycloalkyl and "substituted cycloalkylthio" refers to the group -S-substituted cycloalkyl, where cycloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl are defined above.
[0078] "Biological activity" as used herein'refers to an inhibition concentration when tested in at least one of the assays outlined in any of Examples 13-15.
[0079] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to the nontoxic acid or alkaline earth metal salts of the compounds of formulas I
and II. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of formulas I and II, or by separately reacting the base or acid functions with a suitable organic or inorganic acid or base, respectively. Representative salts include, but are not limited to, the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate; digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemi-sulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-napth-alenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylproionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate.
Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides, and iodides; diallcyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.

[0080] Examples of acids that may be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Basic addition salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of formulas I and II, or separately by reacting carboxylic acid moieties with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation or with ammonia, or an organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, cations based on the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calciunl, magnesium, aluminum salts and the like, as well as ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammoniunl, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylainine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like.
[0081] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable ester" refers to esters which hydrolyze in vivo and include those that break down in the human body to leave the parent compound, a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically active metabolite.
Suitable ester groups include, for example, those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable aliphatic carboxylic acids, particularly alkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkanoic and alkanedioic acids, in which each alkyl or alkenyl moiety advantageously has not more than 6 carbon atoms.
Representative examples of particular esters include, but are not limited to, formates, acetates, propionates, butyrates, acrylates and ethylsuccinates.
[0082] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" as used herein refers to those prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention. The term "prodrug" refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in. vivo to yield the parent compound or a pharmaceutically active metabolite of the above formula, for example by hydrolysis in blood. A discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B.
Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0083] As used herein "anticancer agents" or "agent for the treatment of cancer" refers to agents that include, by way of example only, agents that induce apoptosis;
polynucleotides (e.g., ribozymes); polypeptides (e.g., enzymes); drugs;
biological mimetics;

alkaloids; alkylating agents; antitumor antibiotics; antimetabolites;
hormones; platinum compounds; monoclonal antibodies conjugated with anticancer drugs, toxins, and/or radionuclides; biological response modifiers (e.g. interferons and interleukins, etc.); adoptive immunotherapy agents; hematopoietic growth factors; agents that induce tumor cell differentiation (e.g. all-trans-retinoic acid, etc.); gene therapy reagents;
antisense therapy reagents and nucleotides; tumor vaccines; inhibitors of angiogenesis, and the like. Numerous other agents are well within the purview of one of skill in the art.
[0084] It is understood that in all substituted groups defined above, polymers arrived at by defining substituents with further substituents to themselves (e.g., substituted aryl having a substituted aryl group as a substituent which is itself substituted with a substituted aryl group, etc.) are not intended for inclusion herein. In such cases, the maximum number of such substituents is three. That is to say that each of the above definitions is constrained by a limitation that, for example, substituted aryl groups are limited to -substituted aryl-(substituted aryl)-substituted aryl.
[0085] Similarly, it is understood that the above definitions are not intended to include impennissible substitution patterns (e.g., methyl substituted with 5 fluoro groups or a hydroxy group alpha to ethenylic or acetylenic unsaturation). Such impermissible substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan.
[0086] Compounds of this invention may exhibit stereoisomerism by virtue of the presence of one or more asymmetric or chiral centers in the compounds.
The present invention contemplates the various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof.
Depiction of the compounds of Formulas I and II includes the stereoisomers thereof. Certain of the compounds of the invention comprise asyinmetrically substituted carbon atoms.
Such asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms can result in the compounds of the invention comprising mixtures of stereoisomers at a particular asymmetrically substituted carbon atom or a single stereoisomer. As a result, racemic mixtures, mixtures of diastereomers, single enantiomer, as well as single diastereomers of the compounds of the invention are included in the present invention. The terms "S" and "R" configuration, as used herein, are as defined by the IUPAC 1974 "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SECTION E, FUNDAMENTAL STEREOCHEMISTRY,"
Puf=e Appl. Chena. 45:13-30, 1976. Desired enantiomers can be obtained by chiral synthesis from commercially available chiral starting materials by methods well known in the art, or may be obtained from mixtures of the enantiomers by separating the desired enantiomer by using known techniques.
[0087] Compounds of this invention may also exhibit geometrical isomerism. Geometrical isomers include the cis and trans forms of compounds of the invention having alkenyl or alkenylenyl moieties. The present invention comprises the individual geometrical isomers and stereoisomers and mixtures thereof.

C. Compound Preparation [0088] The compounds of this invention can be prepared from readily available starting materials using the following general methods and procedures. Unless otherwise indicated, the starting materials are commercially available and well known in the art. It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.
[0089] Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991, and references cited therein.
[0090] Furthermore, the compounds of this invention may contain one or more chiral centers. Accordingly, if desired, such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers, or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. All such stereoisomers (and enriched mixtures) are included within the scope of this invention, unless otherwise indicated. Pure stereoisomers (or enriched mixtures) may be prepared using, for example, optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column chromatography, chiral resolving agents, and the like.

[0091] Compounds in the present invention may be better understood by the following synthetic Scheme that illustrate methods for the synthesis of compounds of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the reagents used in the following examples are commercially available and may be purchased from vendors such as Sigina-Aldrich Company, lnc. (Milwaukee, WI, USA).

[0092] As discussed above, compounds of the invention have the following structure:

R7 N R' 6~N~

R N
Ozz( R5' R3,N-R4 where R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, and R8 are as defined herein and R5' is -CH2-R5 (provided that R5 is not hydrogen) where R5 is as defined herein.
Step A: Keto-Ester Synthesis O
Br\)~Rs PG O R"~ PG O R~
HN~OH lb HN~O Rs RI RZ ~ 2 ~

1a 1c PG refers to a suitable nitrogen protecting group such as BOC. .

[0093] Specifically, in Step A, an appropriately protected (PG) amino acid 1a, is dissolved in a suitable amount of an inert solvent such as methanol or ethanol. It should be noted that amino acid 1a, is typically commercially available as are cx,a disubstituted ainino acids (PG-NH-C(R')(R2)-COOH). To that is added a stoichiometric amount of a monovalent cation, such as cesium carbonate (CszCO3) or potassium carbonate (K2C03), to form the carboxylate salt (not shown). Upon substantial completion of the reaction, typically about 15 minutes to about 2 hours, excess solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residual cesium or potassium salt is then re-dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as DMF and then treated with one to four equivalents of the appropriate a-halo-ketone lb (1 eq.), e.g., 2-bromoacetophenone and stirred at RT until the reaction is substantially complete.
[0094] The product 1c is then recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. It is generally pure enough to use directly in the next step.

Step B: Imidazole Formation PG 0 R7 R7 NH Ri R2 ~O,,~, R6 R6 N NH
HNR

1c 1d [0095] To a stirred solution of keto-ester 1 c from step A in a suitable amount of inert solvent, such as xylenes, is added an excess of ammonium acetate, typically from about 2 to about 20 equivalents and preferably about 5 equivalents. In one embodiment, a Dean-Stark trap is added and the reaction mixture is heated to about 120 C
to about 160 C
until the reaction is substantially complete. In another embodiment, the reactants are refluxed in toluene. Once the reaction is substantially complete, the mixture is allowed to cool to RT.
The product, imidazole ld, is then recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. It is generally pure enough to use directly in the next step.

Step C: N-Alkylation of the Imidazole R
)CI NH RI R2 R7 N RI 2 6N~ ~R

PG PG
1d le [0096] The imidazole 1 d is then reacted with an appropriate aryl or heteroaryl-substituted allcyl halide, such as benzyl bromide. Typically, this can be accomplished by stirring the imidazole ld with an excess of potassium carbonate and DMF

and then adding at least an equimolar amount of the aryl or heteroaryl-substituted alkyl halide. Once the reaction is substantially complete, the N-alkyl imidazole le is recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, recrystallization, and the like.

[0097] Compounds of the invention when R8 is L-Al and L is -S(O)q- may be synthesized using a suitable sulfonyl chloride. Descriptions of various sulfonyl chlorides may be found, for example, U.S. Patent 6,489,300, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0098] In either case, imidazole le is used in the Step D below.
Step D: Deprotection to the free amine Ri N ~N~

PG
le 1f [0099] The protecting group, PG is then removed by conventional techniques to provide amine lf, which is then optionally purified by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. The amine lf is used directly in the next step.

Step E: Reductive Amination H
a R8 8 R 1 O R5' R7 N
R~ Rl 2 ~ R2 lg jj~ /R
i Rs N NH2 Rs N HN-\
R 5, 1f lh [0100] Amine lf then undergoes conventional reductive amination with an appropriate aldehyde 1g to yield substituted amine lh which is then recovered and optionally purified by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, chromatography, and the like.

[0101] In einbodiments where R5 is hydrogen, Steps D and E may be slcipped. In these embodiments, imidazole 1e is used in Step F to make the suitable carbamate.

Step F: Carbamate Formation N RI

s~j R7 N R R2 N Rs R6 N HN--\ ci ci ci lh 1i [0102] The substituted amine lh from step E is then put into a solution with a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride and an excess of a suitable base, such as triethylamine. Then a suitable carbamate-forming agent, such as triphosgene as shown is added to form carbamate li. Once the reaction is complete, the carbamate 1i is recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. The carbamate li is used directly in the next step or may be optionally purified by conventional techniques.

Step G: Urea Formation s R7 NR Ri HN R8 ~--~ R2 R3 R4 R7 N RI
R6 I N N lp ~ ~~--~ R2 pR5' CI~ R3,N-R4 ci ci 1i 1j [0103] Carbamate 1i from step F is then combined with a slight excess of the appropriate amine lp to form the urea lj. Once the reaction is complete, the product lj is recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like.
[0104] It will be well within the 'skill of the art to further modify the above preparation to synthesize other compounds of the invention. For example, reaction of suitable isocyanate with amine lh provides for urea compounds as illustrated, e.g., in Example 3.

D. Pharmaceutical Formulations [0105] When employed as pharmaceuticals, the compounds of the subject invention are usually administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions.
These compositions can be administered by a variety of routes including oral, parenteral, transdermal, topical, rectal, and intranasal. These compounds are effective, for example, as both injectable and oral compositions. Such compositions are prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art and comprise at least one active compound.
[0106] This invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions which contain, as the active ingredient, one or more of the compounds of the subject invention above associated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In making the compositions of this invention, the active ingredient is usually mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier which can be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. The excipient employed is typically an excipient suitable for administration to human subjects or other mammals. When the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.

[0107] In preparing a formulation, it may be necessary to mill the active compound to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it ordinarily is milled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size is normally adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g., about 40 mesh.

[0108] Some examples of suitable excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sterile water, syrup, and methyl cellulose. The formulations can additionally include:
lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents;
emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates;
sweetening agents; and flavoring agents. The compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures known in the art.
[0109] The quantity of active component, that is the compound according to the subject invention, in the pharmaceutical composition and unit dosage form thereof may be varied or adjusted widely depending upon the particular application, the potency of the particular compound and the desired concentration.
[0110] The compositions are preferably formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 1 to about 500 mg, usually about 5 to about 100 mg, occasionally about 10 to about 30 mg, of the active ingredient. The term "unit dosage forms"
refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. Preferably, the compound of the subject invention above is employed at no more than about 20 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition, more preferably no more than about 15 weight percent, with the balance being pharmaceutically inert carrier(s).
[0111] The active compound is effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically or therapeutically effective amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound actually administered will be determined by a physician, in the light of the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like.
[0112] In therapeutic use for treating, or combating, cancer in mammals, the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions thereof will be administered by any appropriate route, such as,orally, topically, transdermally, and/or parenterally at a dosage to obtain and maintain a concentration, that is, an amount, or blood-level of active component in the mammal undergoing treatment that will be therapeutically effective. Generally, such therapeutically effective amount of dosage of active component (i.e., an effective dosage) will be in the range of about 9.1 to about 100, more preferably about 1.0 to about 50 mg/lcg of body weight/day.
[0113] For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention.
When referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid.preformulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for example, 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
[0114] The tablets or pills of the present invention may be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A
variety of materials can be used for such enteric,layers or coatings, such materials including a nunlber of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
[0115] The liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
[0116] Coinpositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders. The liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable phannaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra. Preferably the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect. Compositions in preferably pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulized by use of inert gases.
Nebulized solutions may be inhaled directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device may be attached to a face mask tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
[0117] The following formulation examples illustrate representative pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

Formulation Example 1 [0118] Hard gelatin capsules containing the following ingredients are prepared:

Quantity Ingredient (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 30.0 Starch 305.0 Magnesium stearate 5.0 [0119] The above ingredients are mixed and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 340 mg quantities.

Formulation Example 2 [0120] A tablet formula is prepared using the ingredients below:
Quantity Ingredient (mg/tablet) Active Ingredient 25.0 Cellulose, microcrystalline 200.0 Colloidal silicon dioxide 10.0 Stearic acid 5.0 [0121] The components are blended and compressed to form tablets, each weighing 240 mg.

Formulation Example 3 [0122] A dry powder iiihaler formulation is prepared containing the following components:

Ingredient Weight %
Active Ingredient 5 Lactose 95 [0123] The active ingredient is mixed with the lactose and the mixture is added to a dry powder inhaling appliance.

Formulation Example 4 [0124] Tablets, each containing 30 mg of active ingredient, are prepared as follows Quantity Ingredient (mg/tablet) Active Ingredient 30.0,rng Starch 45.0 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 35.0 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone 4.0 mg (as 10% solution in sterile water) Sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 ing Talc 1.0 mg Total 120 mg [0125] The active ingredient, starch and,cellulose are passed through a No.
20 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders, which are then passed through a 16 mesh U.S.
sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50 C to 60 C and passed through a 16 mesh U.S. sieve.
The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 30 mesh U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets each weighing 120 mg.

Formulation Example 5 [0126] Capsules, each containing 40,mg of medicament are made as follows:
Quantity Ingredient (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 40.0 mg Starch 109.0 mg Magnesium stearate 1.0 mg Total 150.0 ing [0127] The active ingredient, starch and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 20 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 150 mg quantities.

Formulation Example 6 [0128] Suppositories, each containing 25 mg of active ingredient are made as follows:

Ingredient Amount Active Ingredient 25 mg Saturated fatty acid glycerides to 2,000 mg [0129] The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2.0 g capacity and allowed to cool.

Formulation Example 7 [0130] Suspensions, each containing 50 mg of medicament per 5.0 mL dose are made as follows:

Ingredient Amount Active Ingredient 50.0 mg Xanthan gum 4.0 mg Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (11%) Microcrystalline cellulose (89%) 50.0 mg Sucrose 1.75 g Sodium benzoate 10.0 mg Flavor and Color q.v.
Purified water to 5.0 mL

[0131] The active ingredient, sucrose and xanthan gum are blended, passed through a No. 10 mesh U.S. sieve, and then mixed with a previously made solution of the microcrystalline cellulose and sodiunl carboxymethyl cellulose in water. The sodium benzoate, flavor, and color are diluted with some of the water and added with stirring.
Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.

Formulation Example 8 Quantity Ingredient (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 15.0 mg Starch 407.0 mg Magnesium stearate 3.0 mg Total 425.0 mg [0132] The active ingredient, starch, and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 20 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 425:0 mg quantities.

Formulation Example 9 [0133] A subcutaneous formulation may be prepared as follows:

Ingredient Quantity Active Ingredient 5.0 mg Corn Oil 1.0 mL
Formulation Example 10 [0134] A topical formulation may be prepared as follows:
Ingredient Quantity Active Ingredient 1-10 g Emulsifying Wax 30 g Liquid Paraffin 20 g White Soft Paraffin to 100 g [0135] The white soft paraffin is heated until molten. The liquid paraffin and emulsifying wax are incorporated and stirred until dissolved. The active ingredient is added and stirring is continued until dispersed. The mixture is then cooled until solid.

Formulation Example 11 [0136] An intravenous formulation may be prepared as follows:
Ingredient Quantity Active Ingredient 250 mg Isotonic saline 1000 mL

[0137] Another preferred formulation employed in the methods of the present invention employs transdermal delivery devices ("patches"). Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds of the present invention in controlled amounts. The construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Patent 5,023,252, issued June 11, 1991, herein incorporated by reference. Such patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
[0138] Frequently, it will be desirable or necessary to introduce the pharmaceutical composition to the brain, either directly or indirectly. Direct techniques usually involve placement of a drug delivery catheter into the host's ventricular system to bypass the blood-brain barrier. One such implantable delivery system used for the transport of biological factors to specific anatomical regions of the body is described in U.S. Patent 5,011,472 which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0139] Indirect techniques, which are generally preferred, usually involve formulating the compositions to provide for drug latentiation by the conversion of hydrophilic drugs into lipid-soluble drugs. Latentiation is generally achieved through blocking of the hydroxy, carbonyl, sulfate, and primary amine groups present on the drug to render the drug more lipid soluble and amenable to transportation across the blood-brain barrier. Alternatively, the delivery of hydrophilic drugs may be enhanced by intra-arterial infusion of hypertonic solutions which can transiently open the blood-brain barrier.
[0140] Other suitable formulations for use in the present invention can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA, 17th ed. (1985).

E. Dosage and Administration [0141] As noted above, the compounds described herein are suitable for use in a variety of drug delivery systems described above. Additionally, in order to enhance the in vivo serum half-life of the administered compound, the compounds may be encapsulated, introduced into the lumen of liposomes, prepared as a colloid, or other conventional techniques may be employed which provide an extended serum half-life of the coinpounds.
A variety of methods are available for preparing liposomes, as described in, e.g., Szoka, et al., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,235,871, 4,501,728 and 4,837,028 each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0142] Compounds of the instant invention are useful for inhibiting or treating a disorder mediated, at least in part, by the activity of KSP. In one aspect, the disorder that is mediated, at least in part by KSP, is a cellular proliferative disorder. The term "cellular proliferative disorder" or "cell proliferative disorder" refers to diseases including, for example, cancer, tumor, hyperplasia, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, immune disorder and inflammation. The present invention provides methods of treating a human or mammalian subject in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I or II, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents.

[0143] The compounds of the invention are useful in vitro or ifa vivo in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. The term "cancer" refers to cancer diseases including, for example, lung and bronchus; prostate; breast; pancreas; colon and rectum;
thyroid;
stomach; liver and intrahepatic bile duct; kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; uterine corpus; uterine cervix; ovary; multiple myeloma; esophagus; acute myelogenous leukemia;
chronic myelognous leukemia; lymphocytic leulcemia; myeloid leukemia; brain;
oral cavity and pharynx; larynx; small intestine; non-hodglcin lymphoma; melanoma; and villous colon adenoma.

[0144] Cancer also includes tumors or neoplasms selected from the group consisting of carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies.
[0145] Additionally, the type of cancer can be selected from -the group consisting of growth of solid tumors/malignancies, myxoid and round cell carcinoma, locally advanced tumors, human soft tissue carcinoma, cancer metastases, squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, oral carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancer of the adrenal cortex, ACTH-producing tumors, nonsmall cell cancers, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, urological cancers, malignancies of the female genital tract, malignancies of the male genital tract, kidney cancer, brain cancer, bone cancers, skin cancers, thyroid cancer, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, peritoneal effusion, malignant pleural effusion, mesothelioma, Wilms's tumors, gall bladder cancer, trophoblastic neoplasms, hemangiopericytoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

[0146] A compound or composition of this invention may be administered to a mammal by a suitable route, such as orally, intravenously, parenterally, transdermally, topically, rectally, or intranasally.

[0147] Mammals include, for example, humans and other primates, pet or companion animals, such as dogs and cats, laboratory animals, such as rats, mice and rabbits, and farm animals, such as horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle.

[0148] Tumors or neoplasms include growths of tissue cells in which the multiplication of the cells is uncontrolled and progressive. Some such growths are benign, but others are termed "malignant" and can lead to death of the organism.
Malignant neoplasms or "cancers" are distinguished from benign growths in that, in addition to exhibiting aggressive cellular proliferation, they can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize. Moreover, malignant neoplasms are characterized in that they show a greater loss of differentiation (greater "dedifferentiation") and organization relative to one another and to surrounding tissues. This property is called "anaplasia."
[0149] Compounds having the desired biological activity may be modified as necessary to provide desired properties such as improved pharmacological properties (e.g., in vivo stability, bio-availability), or the ability to be detected in diagnostic applications.
Stability can be assayed in a variety of ways such as by measuring the half-life of the compounds during incubation with peptidases or human plasma or serum.
[0150] For diagnostic purposes, a wide variety of labels may be linlced to the compounds, which may provide, directly or indirectly, a detectable signal.
Thus, the compounds and/or compositions of the subject invention may be modified in a variety of ways for a variety of end purposes while still retaining biological activity.
In addition, various reactive sites may be introduced for linlcing to particles, solid substrates, macromolecules, and the like.
[0151] Labeled compounds can be used in a variety of in vivo or in vitro applications. A wide variety of labels may be employed, such as radionuclides (e.g., gamma-emitting radioisotopes such as technetium-99 or indium-111), fluorescers (e.g., fluorescein), enzymes, enzyme substrates, enzyme cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, chemiluminescent compounds, bioluminescent compounds, and the like. Those of ordinary skill in the art will lcnow of other suitable labels for binding to the complexes, or will be able to ascertain such using routine experimentation. The binding of these labels is achieved using standard techniques common to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[0152] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are suitable for use in a variety of drug delivery systems. Suitable formulations for use in the present invention are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mace Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa., 17th ed. (1985).

[0153] The amount administered to the patient will vary depending upon what is being administered, the purpose of the administration, such as prophylaxis or therapy, the state of the patient, the manner of administration, and the like. In therapeutic applications, compositions are administered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the progression or symptoms of the disease and its complications. An amount adequate to accomplish this is defined as "therapeutically effective dose." Amounts effective for this use will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, disorder or condition, the age, weight and general condition of the patient, and the like.
[0154] The compounds administered to a patient are typically in the form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions may be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. The resulting aqueous solutions may be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparati-on being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration. The pH of the compound preparations typically will be between about 3 and 11, more preferably from about 5 to 9 and most preferably from about 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of phannaceutical salts.
[0155] The therapeutic dosage of the compounds and/or compositions of the present invention will vary according to, for example, the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of adininistration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. For example, for oral admiriistration, the dose will typically be in the range of about 5 g to about 50 mg per kilogram body weight per day, preferably about 1 mg to about 10 mg per kilogram body weight per day. In the alternative, for intravenous administration, the dose will typically be in the range of about 5 g to about 50 mg per lcilogram body weight, preferably about 500 g to about 5000 g per kilogram body weight. Alternative routes of administration contemplated include, but are not limited to, intranasal, transdermal, inhaled, subcutaneous and intramuscular. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.
[0156] In general, the compounds and/or compositions of the subject invention will be administered in a therapeutically effective amount by any of the accepted modes of administration for agents that serve similar utilities. Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of such compounds can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50. Compounds that exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred.
[0157] The data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in humans. The dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. For any compound and/or composition used in the method of the invention, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays. A dose may be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range which includes the IC50 (the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of activity) as determined in cell culture.
Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans. Levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by high performance liquid chromatography.
[0158] The following synthetic and biological examples are offered to illustrate this invention and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of this invention.

EXAMPLES
[0159] Referring to the examples that follow, compounds of the present invention were syntliesized using the methods described herein, or other methods, wllich are well known in the art.
[0160] The compounds and/or intermediates were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Waters Millenium chromatography system with a 2690 Separation Module (Milford, MA). The analytical columns were Alltima C-18 reversed phase, 4.6 x 250 mm from Alltech (Deerfield, IL). A gradient elution was used, typically starting with 5% acetonitrile/95% water and progressing to 100% acetonitrile over a period of 40 minutes. All solvents contained 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).
Compounds were detected by ultraviolet light (UV) absorption at either 220 or 254 nm.
HPLC solvents were from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegan, MI), or Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). In some instances, purity was assessed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using glass or plastic backed silica gel plates, such as, for example, Baker-Flex Silica Gel 1B2-F flexible sheets. TLC results were readily detected visually under ultraviolet light, or by employing well lcnown iodine vapor and other various staining techniques.
[0161] Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on one oftwo LC/MS
instruments: a Waters System (Alliance HT HPLC and a Micromass ZQ mass spectrometer;
Column: Eclipse XDB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm; solvent system: 5-95% (or 35-95%, or 65-95% or 95-95%) acetonitrile in water with 0.05% TFA; flow rate 0.8 mL/min; molecular weight range 500-1500; cone Voltage 20 V; column temperature 40 C) or a Hewlett Packard System (Series 1100 HPLC; Column: Eclipse XDB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm; solvent system:
1-95% acetonitrile in water with 0.05% TFA; flow rate 0.4 mL/min; molecular weight range 150-850; cone Voltage 50 V; column temperature 30 C). All masses were reported as those of the protonated parent ions.
[0162] GC/MS analysis is perfonned on a Hewlett Packard instrument (HP6890 Series gas chromatograph with a Mass Selective Detector 5973; injector volume: 1 mL; initial column temperature: 50 C; final column temperature: 250 C; ramp time: 20 minutes; gas flow rate: 1 mL/min; column: 5% phenyl methyl siloxane, Model No. HP 190915-443, dimensions: 30.0 m x 25 m x 0.25 m).
[0163] Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was performed on some of the compounds with a Varian 300 MHz NMR (Palo Alto, CA). The spectral reference was either TMS or the known chemical shift of the solvent. Some compound samples were run at elevated temperatures (e.g., 75 C) to promote increased sample solubility.
[0164] The purity of some of the invention compounds is assessed by elemental analysis (Desert Analytics, Tucson, AZ).
[0165] Melting points are determined on a Laboratory Devices Mel-Temp apparatus (Holliston, MA).
[0166] Preparative separations were carried out using a Flash 40 chromatography system and KP-Sil, 60A (Biotage, Charlottesville, VA), or by flash column chromatography using silica gel (230-400 mesh) packing material, or by HPLC
using a C-18 reversed phase colunm. Typical solvents employed for the Flash 40 Biotage system and flash column chromatography were dichloromethane, methanol, EtOAc, hexane, acetone, aqueous hydroxyamine and triethyl amine. Typical solvents employed for the reverse phase HPLC
were varying concentrations of acetonitrile and water with 0.1%
trifluoroacetic acid.

[0167] Unless otherwise stated all temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Also, in these examples and elsewhere, abbreviations have the following meanings:
AcOH = acetic acid aq. = aqueous ATP = adenosine triphosphate Boc = tert-butyloxycarbonyl BSA = bovine serum albumin CAM = ceric ammonium molybdate DCM = dichloromethane DIAD = diisopropyl azodicarboxylate DIBAL = diisobutylaluminum hydride DIEA = diisopropylethylamine DIPEA = diisopropylethylamine DMAP = dimethylaminopyridine DMF = dimethylformamide DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide DTT = dithiothreitol eq. = equivalents Et20 diethyl ether Et3N = triethyl amine EtOAc = ethyl acetate EtOH = ethanol g = gram h = hour HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography L = liter LC/MS = liquid chromatography / mass spectroscopy M = molar m = meter m/z = mass/charge ratio MeNH2 = metllyl amine mg = milligram min = minute mL = milliliter mm = millimeter mM = millimolar mmol = millimole mol = mole N = normal nm = nanometer nM = nanomolar NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance PPh3 = triphenyl phosphine PhCF3 = trifluoromethylbenzene psi = pounds per square inch RT = room temperature sat. = saturated TEA = triethylamine THF = tetrahydrofuran TFA = trifluoroacetic acid TLC = thin layer chromatography TMS = trimethylsilyl TMSCI = trimethylsilyl chloride g = microgram L = microliter M = micromolar Example 1 Preparation of N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide (76) and N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl] methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide (77) Step A: Keto Ester Synthesis O
Br_-I_APh O p ~ I
BocHN OH BocHN O \

O

[0168] A stirred 0.4 M solution of the appropriate N-Boc-acid (1 eq.), e.g., tert -butyl leucine 1-1 in EtOH, was treated with Cs2CO3 (0.5 eq.). After 45 min, the EtOH
was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residual cesium salt was re-dissolved in DMF (1.5 X volume of DMF used in the reaction) and then treated with the appropriate a-halo-ketone, e.g., 2-bromoacetophenone (1 eq.) and stirred at RT
until the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between EtOAc and H20, and the organics separated, then washed with H20 (x3), brine (x3), then dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the keto ester 1-2 which was pure enough to use directly in the next step.

Step B: Phenyl Imidazole Formation O
BocHN O N
O I N NHBoc O

[0169] To a stirred 0.1 M solution of keto-ester 1-2 (1 eq.) in xylenes was added ammonium acetate (5 eq.). A Dean-Stark trap was added and the reaction heated to 140 C. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was allowed to cool to RT, then partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCO3. The organics were separated, then washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (x2), H2O (x3), brine (x3), then dried (NaZSO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the phenyl imidazole 1-3 which was pure enough to use directly in the next step.

Step C: Benzylation of the Phenyl Imidazole Br NH N

C
NHBoc C'z" N NHBoc N
cr [0170] To a stirred 0.4 M solution/ suspension of imidazole 1-3 (1 eq.) in DMF was added K2CO3 (2 eq.) and the benzylating agent, e.g., benzyl bromide (1.1 eq.).
Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was separated and washed with H20 (x3), brine (x3), then dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude benzylated phenyl imidazole. The crude reaction material was then crystallized (EtOAc, hexanes) to give pure product 1-4.

Step D: Deprotection to the free Amine \ ~ . \ I
N N
N NHBoc NH2 [0171] Boc-protected amine 1-4 was treated with 10% TFA in DCM. Once reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and then partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCO3. The organics were separated, then washed with sat. aq.
NaHCO3 (x2), H2O (x2), brine (x2), then dried (NazSO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the phenyl imidazole free amine.1-5 which was pure enough to use directly in the next step.

Step E: Preparation of racemic Aldehyde 1-8 H

N N
Boc Boc [0172] A mixture of 0.83 M solution of N-Boc-3-formyl pyrrolidine 1-6 (1 eq.) in DMF, TMSCI (2.5 eq.) and Et3N (5 eq.) was heated for 6 h. The mixture was then diluted with hexanes and filtered (Celite). The filtrate was then evaporated under reduced pressure to give the TMS enol ethers 1-7 as a mixture of E and Z isomers that were used directly in the next step.

OTMS O
H-I~ F
N N
Boc Boc [0173] To a 0.1 M solution of TMS enol ether 1-7 (1 eq.) in CH3CN was added SelectFluor (1.1 eq., available from Sigma-Aldrich). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the remaining solid/oil was extracted with Et20 (x5). The ether extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude aldehyde. Purification by silica gel chromatography afforded the desired aldehyde 1-8.

Step F: Reductive Amination O b H

Boc N N

Boc [0174] To a stirred 0.1 M solution of (R)-amine 1-5 (1 eq.) from step D in DCM, was added aldehyde 1-8 (1.1 eq.) followed by AcOH (1 eq.) followed by sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride (1.5 eq.). After 19 h, further sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride (0.5 eq.) was added. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and 1M NaOH. The organics were separated, then washed with 1M NaOH (x2), H20 (x1), brine (x2), then dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude product. Purification by silica gel chromatography afforded the amine 1-9 as a mixture of (R,R) and (R,S) diastereomers.

Step G: Trichlorocarbamate Formation cl O cl cl>~ II i~CI
N CI OJ~O/'CI N

N N
N HN F Cz~
O
CI--X N
Boc CI CI. Boc [0175] To a 0.08 M solution of (R) amine 1-9 from step F (1 eq.) in DCM
was added Et3N (4 eq.) followed by triphosgene (1.2 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq.
NaHCO3. The organics were separated, then washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (x2), H20 (xl), brine (x2), then dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude trichlorocarbamate 1-10 which was used directly in the next step.

Step H: Urea Formation N

N N + N
N N F N N F
N ~./ 0zz( I/ p~ .
I
D
N N p F Boc Boc CI~ N N N
Cl c, Boc U U

[0176] To a stirred 0.16 M solution of trichlorocarbamate 1-10 from step G
(1 eq.) in DCM was added DIPEA (5 eq.) followed by 4-piperidinopiperidine (3 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCO3. The organics were separated, then washed with sat.
aq.

NaHCO3 (x2), H20 (xl), brine (x2), then dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude product as a mixture of 1-11 and 1-12. This was purified by reverse phase prep. HPLC which separated the (R,R) and the (R,S) diastereomers 1-11 and 1-12.

Step I: Final Deprotection to Compound 76 and 77 \ / \ l N N
N N
O~N F O~N F
N N
Boc H
N N

[0177] Boc-protected amine 1-11 was treated with 10% TFA/ DCM. Once reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound that was purified by reverse phase prep. HPLC to give the pure 76.
Compound 77 (not shown here) was synthesized using the other isomer 1-12 from step H.

Example 2 Preparation of N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-l-carboxamide (26) Step A: Reductive Amination F
H~NHBoc N O N
N F
NH2 HN-i-~,NHBoc [0178] The phenyl imidazole 1-5 from step D of Example 1 (1 eq., 2.0 g) was combined with the aldehyde (1.3 eq., 1.56 g) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2 eq., 2.65 g) in 30 mL of methylene chloride. This was followed by acetic acid (2 e,q., 0.72 mL) and the reaction was stirred at RT under nitrogen overnight. The reaction was worked up with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate then saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The material was purified on a column and gave the resulting product 2-1 as 2.15 g of a white solid.

Step B: Trichlorocarbamate Formation CI ci O ci ci CI ~O~O'j<CI N
N
N F N F
HN OyN~~NHBoc ~~NHBoc 1 ci O
2-1 CI'-~- 2-2 CI
[0179] The phenyl imidazole amine 2-1 (1 eq., 100 mg) was dissolved in 4 mL of tetrahydrofuran and cooled down to 0 C. Triphosgene (1.7 eq., 102 mg) was added to the solution followed by triethylamine (6 eq., 169 mL). The reaction was stirred for 2 h and allowed to warm up to RT. The solvent was evaporated and the material dissolved in EtOAc and worlced up as follows: water, saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and dried resulting in 133 mg of the trichlorocarbamate 2-2.

Step C: Urea Formation (N) N N
H
N E N F
O,,,N~,,,NHBoc ONNHBoc Ci ~ O N
Cl' CI () N
H

[0180] The trichlorocarbamate 2-2 (1 eq., 133 mg) from step B above was reacted with piperazine (10 eq., 175 mg) by stirring in 4 mL of tetrahydrofuran at RT for 2 h.
The solvent was evaporated and the material redissolved in EtOAc and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated resulting in 115 mg of the urea as a mixture of two isomers. The isomers were separated by purification, only isomer 2-3 is shown here.

Step D: Final Deprotection to 25 and 26 N
N F N F
OyNNHBoc OyNNH2 N ~N) C~
N N H H

[0181] The Boc protected urea 2-3 from,step C above (1 eq., 18 mg) was treated with 1 mL of 20% trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride at RT for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated to give the final product 26. Compound 25 was synthesized using the other isomer from step C.

Example 3 Preparation of N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea (64) Step A: Urea Formation NCO 1 ~
~ ~ I \
N
N CN / \ N F
~ \ -N F ON-11-1 ~NH2 HN
2-1 ~ / ~,NHBoc NH 64 \
NC

[0182] The phenyl imidazole amine 2-1 (1 eq., 15 mg) from Step A of Example 2 was reacted with 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate (10 eq., 44 mg) in 1 mL of tetrahydrofuran at 60 C overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the material dissolved in EtOAc and washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride.

The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and dried. The Boc was deprotected following step D in Example 2.

Example 4 Preparation of 1-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl] tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (52) Step A: Reductive Amination O

HN
O O O
N N JJJN

[0183] To a stirred solution of amine 1-5 from Step D of Example 1(1.0 eq.) in DCM was added appropriate aldehyde (1.0 eq.). The mixture was allowed to stir for 5 min before the addition of sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride (1.0 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated ira vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and 2M aq.
Na2CO3. The organics were separated, then washed with 2M aq. Na2CO3 (x2), H20 (x2), brine (x2), then dried (NaZS04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give product 4-1 which was used directly in the next step.

Step B: Carbamoyl Chloride Formation O
ci ~c o N
N ~/ N /N O
.::1 N HN_./ O NO N
CI

[0184] To a 50 mL flask was added 1.97 mL of 20% phosgene (10 eq.) in toluene. To that was added a solution of product 4-1 from Step A (200 mg, 1 eq.) in dry DCM (3 mL) and triethylamine (0.517 mL, 10 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT
for about 10 min. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted in DCM, washed with water, brine, dried (NaaSO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure.
Purification on silica gel to afford 180 mg of carbamoyl chloride 4-2 as white solid.

Step C: Urea Formation O \ ~
N N
N
N N_/ O N 0 N

CI zi [0185] To a stirred solution of carbamoyl'chloride 4-2 from step B (1 eq.) in DMF was added 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2 eq.), Et3N (2 eq.) and DMAP (1 eq.).
The reaction was stirred at RT and progress was monitored by LC/MS. After coinpletion, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in ethanol and hydrazine was added. The reaction was stirred at RT. After completion, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and portioned between EtOAc and water. The organics were separated, then washed with 2 M aq. Na2CO3 (x2), H20 (x2), brine (x2), then dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by reverse phase prep. HPLC afforded 52. MS: m/z 403.2 Example 5 Preparation of N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{ [(3R,4R)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl] methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide (83) and N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{
[(3S,4S)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl] methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide (84) Step A: Epoxidation O
~ - ~
N N

01''o/\ 0----O--[0186] To a 100 mL round bottom flask was added 5.0 g (29.5 mmol) 2,5-dihydropyrrole-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, 11.7 g (67.9 mmol) 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, and 70 mL of DCM. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 20 h. Excess 1N NaOH was then added and the reaction mixture was extracted witll DCM
(x3). The product was determined by thin layer chromatography (4:1 hexanes:
EtOAc) using ninhydrin stain: The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 5.1974 g (28.1 mmol, 95%) of product 5-1 as a yellow oil.

Step B: Vinylation O ~MgBr 1OH
N N

[0187] To a dry 200 mL round bottom flask was added 4.31 g (23.3 mmol) product 5-1 from step A, 0.21 g (2.33 mmol) copper cyanide, and 50 mL
anhydrous THF and the resulting solution was cooled to -78 C. To the reaction mixture was then added dropwise 73.3 mL (73.3 mmol) vinylmagnesium bromide and the resulting solution was allowed to warm slowly to ambient temperature under nitrogen over the course of 7 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4C1 and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The product was determined by thin layer chromatography (2:1 hexanes: EtOAc) using ninhydrin stain.

The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 4.75 g product 5-2 as a tan oil.

Step C: Oxidation / ,OH H 4,OH
N N

O----O~-\ 0) 0 [0188] To a solution of 2.0 g(9.4 mmol) of product 5-2 from step B in 30 mL of THF and 15 mL of H20, was added 3.5 g (16.4 mmol) of NaI04 and 0.23 mL
(0.94 mmol) of OsO4. Formation of a white precipitate was observed after approximately 30 minutes. The reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (1:1 hexanes:
EtOAc) using ninhydrin stain. Stirring continued for an additional 7 h at ambient temperature under nitrogen and the reaction was then quenched with H20 and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 1.35 g (6.3 mmol, 67%) product 5-3 as a tan foam.

Step D: Reductive Amination H ),00- ~'0-k 0 N 5-3 N ~-0 rl ~\ N NH C"y-~ N HN
~ 2 OH

[0189] To a dry 100 mL round bottom flask was added 1.6 g (5.0 minol) of phenylimidazole free amine 1-5 from step D of Example 1, 1.35 g (6.26 nimol) of product 5-3 from step C above, 1.38 g (6.5 minol) sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride, 25 mL
anhydrous DCM, and 0.37 mL (6.5 mmol) acetic acid. The resulting solution was stirred at ainbient temperature under nitrogen for 2 h. Excess DCM was then added to the reaction mixture.
The organic layer was washed with H20, saturated NaHCO3 (x2), and brine (x2).
The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting crude inaterial was subjected to flash column chromatography and the product was eluted with a gradient of hexanes, 20% EtOAc in hexanes, 50% EtOAc in hexanes, and 10%
methanol and 0.3% ainmonia in DCM yielding 1.56 g(3.0 mmol, 60%) product 5-4 as a tan foam. Product 5-4 was provided as a mixture of diastereomers.
[0190] MH+ = 519.3 Step E: Protection 0 CI-~
N N N ~O
N
HN~/ HN_f -;
OH O'Si 5-4 5-5 ~
[0191] To a 25 mL round bottom flask was added 0.2 g(0.39 mmol) product 5-4 from step D, 0.04 g (0.56 mmol) imidazole, 0.08 g (0.56 nunol) tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane, 0.005 g (0.04 mmol) DMAP, and 3 mL DMF. The resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 24 h. The reaction was quenched with H20 and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 0.28 g (0.44 mmol, 113%) product 5-5 as a crude tan oil. MH+
= 633.3 Step F: Trichlorocarbamate Formation O O
Ci CI O CI CI N ~
~ ~ J~ J~ N O
N N ci O O ci c N N
HN O~Y b'Si OSi ci O

[0192] To a solution of 0.05 g (0.08 mmol) product 5-5 from step E in 1 mL
of anhydrous THF at 0 C, was added 0.04 g(0.14 mmol) triphosgene and 0.07 inL
(0.48 mmol) triethylamine. The mixture was stirred at 0 C for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC (4:1 hexanes: EtOAc). After the completion of the reaction, H20 was added and it was extracted with EtOAc (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO~, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 0.08 g (0.10 mmol, 125%) product 5-6 as a crude tan oil.

Step G: Urea Formation N
N N
\ / I N D
O N NJ-;
~O~ O~ O'Si N N U N ~ ~
C ~ ~ -C'z" N N
O b,S N
CI
CO
Ci [0193] To a dry reaction vial was added 0.08 g (0.1 mmol) product 5-6 foim step F, 0.17 g (1.0 mmol) 4-piperidinopiperidine, and 1.5 mL anhydrous THF.
The resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h. The reaction was then quenched with H20 and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with H20, saturated NaHCO3 and brine, dried over MgSO4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 0.06 g (0.07 mmol, 73%) product 5-7 as a crude tan oil. MH+ = 827.5 Step H: Deprotection N N
N N
~~N ~ N~/
N,/ ~
~ O~ / OH
/ ,si~

N N
a a [0194] To a reaction vial was added 0.028 g (0.03 mmol) product 5-7 from step G and 0.5 mL THF and the resulting solution was cooled to 0 C. To the reaction mixture was then added 0.05 g(0.17 mmol) tetrabutylannnonium fluoride and the reaction was allowed to warm to ainbient temperature over 1 h. The reaction was then quenched with saturated NH4C1, extracted with EtOAc (x3), and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 0.05 g (0.07 mmol, 213%) product 5-8 as a crude tan/yellow foain. MH+ = 713.4 Step I: Deprotection \\~ N N
l N -N O - \ I N N~/
O N~ -;
OH
OH Oy ~
N
U
U

[0195] To a reaction vial was added 0.05 g (0.07 mmol) product 5-8 from step H, 1.0 mL DCM, and 0.1 mL TFA and the resulting solution was shaken at ambient temperature for 2 h. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and the crude reaction material was purified by reverse phase HPLC yielding 3.8 mg (0.006 mmol, 9%) 83 as a white TFA
salt and 4.6 mg (0.008 mmol, 11 %) 84 (other diastereomer not shown here) as a white TFA
salt. MH+ of 83 = 613.4 and MH+ of 84 = 613.3 Example 6 Preparation for Intermediate of P-Fluoro Aldehyde Side Chain (6-7) F
H\,,~/NHBoc O "

Step A: Amine Protection HO" v _O' HO" v _O' NH2 Bn N, Bn [0196] To a stirred solution of anhydrous K2C03 (46.53 g, 0.3371 mol) in DMF (500 mL), D-serine methyl ester hydrochloride (35.0 g, 0.2250 mol), KI
(18.66 g, 0.1124 mol) and benzyl bromide (96.18 g, 0.5623 mol) were added in one shot.
The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 h at RT. After completion of the reaction, the contents were poured into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give a crude product 6-2.
Purification was carried out by column chromatography to yield pure (61.7 g, 91.7%) as pale yellow oil.

Step B: Fluorination O O
Bn'N O
N r ~
Bn ~Bn Bn F

[0197] To a stirred solution of dietliylamine sulphur trifluoride (32.3 mL, 0.2006 mol) in THF (400 mL), was added compound 6-2 during the span of 3 h at RT. After completion of addition, stirring was continued for further 1 h. The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate and combined organic phase was washed with saturated solution of NaHCO3. Removal of solvent under vacuum lead to a crude product, which was purified by column chromatography using hexane grading to 3% EtOAc in hexane afforded product 6-3 (70.4 g, 69.9%) as pale yellow oil.

Step C: Reduction O
Bn NO Bn N'~'~OH
Bn F Bn F

[0198] To a mechanically stirred solution of LiBH4 (230.8 mL, 0.4651 mol) in THF (2.0 L), methyl ester (100.0 g, 0.3322 mol) in THF (1.0 L) was added dropwise 6-3 througli addition funnel during the span of 3h at -15 C under N2. After the completion of addition, stirring was continued for 4 h at RT. Saturated solution of NH4C1(500 mL) was added dropwise to the above mixture and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum.

Residual oil was dissolved in 1N HCl (200 mL), extracted with diethylether and pH of the aq.
layer was adjusted to 10 with the help of NH4OH (50%, 300 mL). The resultant was extracted with EtOAc and combined extracts were concentrated under vacuum to give product 6-4 (86.2g, 95.0%) as pale brown oil.

Step D: Deprotection Bn N--('OH H2N"-~OH
Bn F F

[0199] A mixture of alcohol 6-4 (50.g, 0.18315 mol) and Pd(OH)2 on carbon (20%, 6.26 g, 0.04395 mol) in absolute ethanol (500 mL) was stirred for 7 h under the pressure of hydrogen at 50-60 psi. After the reaction, charcoal was removed by filtration and residue was concentrated on rota evaporator to provide for product 6-5 (15.8 g, 92.7%) as pale brown oil.

Step E: Boc-protection H2N'-~OH BocHN"-~OH
F F

[0200] To a stirred mixture of amino alcohol 6-5 (15.0 g, 0.16129 mol) and K2C03 (33.39 g, 0.24195 mol) in aq. dioxane (about 25%, 375 mL dioxane in 125 mL water), (Boc)20 (38.66 g, 0.17733 mol) was added drop wise at 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT after the addition. Saturated solution of KHSO4 was added to the above mixture to adjust the pH 3-4 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to give pure product 6-6 (27.7 g, 89.0%) as a pale brown oil.

Step F: Oxidation to Aldehyde BocHNI"~OH
BocHN H
F
F

[0201] To a cooled (-78 C), stirred solution of oxalyl chloride (84 mmol) in CH2C12 (180 mL) was added a solution of DMSO (168 mmol) in CH2Cla (90 mL).
After 1 h, a solution of alcohol 6-6 (56 mmol) in CH2C12 (90 mL) was added. After 1 h, triethyl amine (281 mmol) was added and stirred for a further hour. Then a solution of saturated aq. NH~C1 was added and allowed to warm to RT. The organics were separated, washed with H20 (x2), saturated brine (x2), then dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude aldehyde. Purification by column chromatography affored the pure (S)-aldehyde 6-7.
[0202] Starting from the other enantiomer, (L)-serine methyl ester leads to the (R) enantiomer (6-8).

F
H~NHBoc 6-g Example 7-A

Preparation for Intermediate with 0-Fluoromethyl Side Chain O -~ ~
H\~/N
O~ \F 0 Step A: Formation of (S)-3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-y1)propanoic acid LOyNHBOC ~ --- ~O

7-1 O O~'OH 7-2 0 O-OH 0 [0203] To a stirred solution of compound 7-1 (10.0 mmol) in 20 mL of DCM was added 10 mL of TFA. The mixture was stirred at RT for 24 h. The reaction progress was followed by LC/MS. After completion, the solvent and TFA were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and lyophilization to get white solid as TFA salts. The crude solid was suspended in 50 mL of THF and N-carboethoxy phthalimide (10.5 mmol), Et3N (10 mmol) were added. The mixture was refluxed under N2 for 18 h. The reaction was cooled and the solvents were evaporated. DCM was added and washed wit11 water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrated. Purification by chromatography on silica gel column (hexane/EtOAc) to give 2.68 g of colorless oil, compound 7-2.

Step B: Formation of (S)-benzyl4-hydroxy-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoate c ,-,-, N ~O N

0 O~O O 7-2 7-3 p O
OH
[0204] To a stirrQd solution of (S)-3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid (compound 7-2, 6.07 mmol) in 30 mL of dry THF at -15 C were successively added N-methylmorpholine (6.07 mmol), iso-butylchloroformate (6.07 mmol). After stirring for 5 min at -15 C, a solution of NaBH4 (689 mg, 18.21 mmol) in 2.73 mL of water were added at once. The reaction was stirred at -15 C for 2 min, then hydrolyzed with water (30 mL). Extracted with EtOAc (x 3), washed with water (x 3), brine (xl), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated. Purification by chromatography on silica gel column (hexane/EtOAc) to give 1.9 g of colorless oil, compound 7-3.

Step C: Formation of (S)-benzyl 4-fluoro-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoate o - o \ /
N

[0205] To a stirred solution of (S)-benzyl 4-hydroxy-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoate (7-3, 5.6 mmol) in acetonitrile (28 mL) were added perfluoro-l-butane sulfonyl fluoride (44.8 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (44.8 mmol), and diisopropylethylaminie trihydrofluoride (134 mmol). The mixture was stirred at overniglit. The reaction progress was followed by LC/MS. After completion, the reaction was cooled to RT and then evaporated under reduced pressure. The mixture was then partitioned with DCM, washed witll water (x 3), brine (x2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated. Purification by chromatography on silica gel column (hexane/EtOAc) to give ligllt yellow oil, compound 7-4.

Step D: Formation of (S)-4-fluoro-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanal O O
H N
~O N
~ O
O " O 7-4 7-5 O F
F

[0206] To a stirred solution of (S)-benzyl 4-fluoro-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoate (compound 7-4, 0.5 minol) in dry ether (5 mL) was added dropwise to diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.0 M in toluene, 1.5 mmol) at -78 C. The reaction was stirred at -78 C for approximately 30 min as monitored by LC/MS. After completion, the reaction was quenched by adding water (10 mL) at -78 C. Extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (x3), brine (x2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
The crude product, compound 7-5, was used in the next reaction step.

Example 7-B

Alternate route for making compound 7-5 Step A: Preparation of compound 7-6 \ I O~N HO)r~N

[0207] To prepare (S)-4-fluoro-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid, compound 7-4 (0.20 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (5 mL). This solution was purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes, then 10% palladium on carbon was added (0.02 mmol of palladium) under an athnosphere of nitrogen. Hydrogen was then bubbled rapidly through the solution, while stirring, for approximately 1 h. The reaction progress was followed with LC/MS.
[0208] The reaction mixture was filtered through celite to remove the palladium. The celite was rinsed twice with methylene chloride. The filtrate was then concentrated to give the crude product, compound 7-6. The crude product was used for the next reaction step.

Step B: Formation of (S)-S-ethyl 4-fluoro-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanethioate HO N
-~ EtS~N
O ~F O 0 F O

[0209] Compound 7-5 (0.20 mmol), 1,3 dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (0.30 mmol), ethanethiol (0.6 mmol), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.10 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was monitored with LC/MS.

[0210] EtOAc was added to the reaction mixture. This was then washed with water (2x) and brine (2X). The EtOAc layer was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product, compound 7-7, was then purified using flash chromatography.

Step C: Formation of (S)-4-fluoro-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanal.

EtS N H N

\\~

\F O ~ 0 [0211] Compound 7-7 (0.20 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetone (10 mL).
10% Palladium (0.02 mmol) on carbon was then added under an atmosphere of nitrogen.
Triethyl silane (0.5 mmol) was then added. Bubbling occurred after about 10 seconds, and the reaction was allowed to continue until the bubbling ceased (30 min). The reaction was monitored using LC/MS.

[0212] The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite plug. The plug was washed twice with methylene chloride, and the filtrate was then concentrated to give the crude product, compound 7-5. The crude product was used in the next reaction.
[0213] Starting from the other (R) enantiomer, (R)-3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid, leads to the (R) enantiomer (7-8), having the following chemical structure:

H N
p ~ O
F
7-8.

Example 7-C

Alternate Preparation for Intermediate with (3-Fluoromethyl Aldehyde Side Chain Scheme 1 Y ,%\/ ~
/~"\. NH~ NH3CI NH2 OH F

F

H I' \

Step A: Preparation of Compound 7-10 [0214] Methanol (300 mL) was charged to a 1000 mL round bottom flask and the system was cooled with an ice bath. Acetyl cliloride (89.3 mL; 1251 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of 15 minutes. The resulting solution was warmed to ambient temperature and the (S)-2-amino-4-pentenoic acid (7-9) (6.0 g; 139 mmol) was added in a single portion. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for two hours and was then cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to provide a pale yellow oil. The product was dispersed in ethyl acetate (150 mL) and was again concentrated in vacuo. This sequence was repeated four times. The product 7-10 was an oil that solidified upon standing under vacuum overnight. 1H NMR analysis showed the product to be of sufficient purity for use without further purification.
[0215] TLC: Rf-7.1 (silica; eluant 5:3:1 CHC13:MeOH:(7:3 H20: AcOH);
visualization with ninhydrin).
[0216] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): S 5.84-5.73 (m, 1H), 5.32-5.26 (m, 2H), 4.17(dd, 1H, J=7.0, 1.6 MHz), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.73-2.65 (m, 2H); (400 MHz, d6-DMSO):

S 8.7 (br s, 3H), 5.81-5.73 (m, 1H), 5.21-5.14 (m, 2H), 4.11 (t, 1H, .I-6.1 Hz), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.60 (dd, 2H, J=7.1, 0.9 Hz).
[0217] 13C NMR (101 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 169.33, 131.37, 119.88, 52.65, 51.65, 34.22.

Step B: Preparation of Compound 7-11 [0218] The crude (S)-methyl-2-amino-4-pentenoate hydrochloride (7-10) from the previous step was dissolved in THF (190 mL) with gentle warming. The resulting solution was added dropwise to a solution of LiAlH4 in THF (280 mL of a 1.0 M
solution) at a rate such that the internal temperature remained at approximately 5 C.
Periodically, slight heating was used to warm the addition funnel containing the (S)-methyl-2-amino-pentenoate hydrochloride solution to redissolve crystallized ainino ester.
Upon completion of addition, the addition funnel was rinsed with an additiona120 mL portion of THF. The mixture was then diluted with diethyl ether (500 niL) and the excess LiAlH4 was destroyed by the sequential addition of H20 (11 mL), 15% (w/v) aqueous NaOH (11 mL) and H20 (33 mL) added at a rate such that the internal temperature remained below 10 C.
The mixture was filtered and the filter calce was washed with additional diethyl etller..
The filtrate was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a yellow liquid (7-11; 13.4 g; 95% mass recovery based upon 139.0 mmol of (S)-2- amino-4-pentenoic acid).
The amino alcohol (7-11) may be purified by distillation (110 C; 20 torr). However, minimal improvement was observed in the subsequent step so the crude material was generally used without further purification.
[0219] 'H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 5.87-5.77 (m, 1H), 5.05-4.97 (m, 2H), 3.26 (dd, 1H, J=10.3, 5.1 Hz), 3.14 (dd, 1H, ,I=10.3, 6.7 Hz), 2.69-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 1H).

[0220] 13C NMR (101 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 136.49, 116.31, 66.13, 52.53, 38.51.

Step C: Preparation of Compound 7-12 [0221] (S)-2-Amino-4-pentenol (7-11; 13.4 g; 132.5 mmol) and Na2CO3 (70.8 g; 668.0 mmol) were dissolved in H20 (400 mL). CH3CN (700 mL) and methyl-[(succinimidooxy)carbonyl]benzoate (33.1 g; 119.4 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was vigorously stirred at ambient temperature. After 2 hours, TLC
analysis showed the consumption of inethyl-2-[(succimimidooxy)carbonyl]benzoate. The majority of the CH3CN was removed on a rotary evaporator and the remaining material was transferred to a separatory funnel and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with 0.5 M HCl (2 x 250 mL) and brine (250 mL): The EtOAc phase was dried over NaaSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide a yellow oil (7-12;
19.3g; 70%) that was used in the next step without further purification.

[0222] 'H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 7.90-7.83 (m , 4H), 5.74-5.64 (m, 1H), 4.99-4.91 (m, 3H), 4.27-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.58 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.44 (m, 2H).

[0223] 13C NMR (101 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 168.25, 134.86, 134.42, 131.37, 122.94, 117.41, 60.63, 53.47, 32.59.

Step D: Preparation of Compound 7-13 [0224] N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (215 mL; 1240 mmol), triethylamine trihydrofluoride (81 mL; 496 nunol) and perfluoro-l-butanesulfonyl fluoride (15.0 mL; 83.5 mmol) were added to a solution of 7-12 (19.1 g; 82.7 mmol) in PhCF3 (310 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature. Additional perfluoro-l-butanesulfonyl fluoride (7.5 mL; 41.8 mmol) was added after each of 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes.
After a total of 18 hours, the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and was washed twice with 1.0 N HCI, twice with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and once with H20.
The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to provide an orange oil.
The crude material was loaded onto a pad of silica and eluted with 4:1 hexane:EtOAc to provide the product (7-13) as a yellow oil (15.4 g; 80%).

[0225] 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 7.88-7.81 (m, 4H), 5.77-5.66 (m, 1H), 5.04-4.88 (m, 2.5H), 4.80-4.73 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.61 (m, 0.5H), 4.60-4.49 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.47 (m, 2H).

[0226] 13C NMR (101 MHz, d6-DMSO): S 167.87, 134.79, 133.77, 130.94, 123.26; 118.21, 81.82 (d, J=170 Hz), 50.47 (d, J=19 Hz), 31.40 (d, J=6 Hz).

Step E: Preparation of Compound 7-8 [0227] Compound 7-13 (15.3 mmol) was dissolved in 2:1 CH3OH:Ha0 (1500 mL) and a solution of Os04 in H20 (29.3 mL of a 4% w/v solution) was added. Na104 (42.2 g; 197.2 mmol) was then added in a single portion and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature. After 3 hours, the mixture was filtered to remove precipitated solids and the filter calce was washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated ifa vacuo to remove the majority of the organic solvents. The residue was extracted with three portions of EtOAc and the combined EtOAc extracts were dried over NazSO4, filtered, and concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in CH2C12, loaded onto a pad of silica gel and sequentially eluted with 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100% EtOAc in hexane. Compound 7-8 was present in the 30%-50% fractions but contaminated with a more-polar iinpurity. The fractions were combined and concentrated and the residue was applied to a second pad of silica and eluted with 30% EtOAc in hexane to provide Compound 7-8 as a light yellow solid (11.1 g; 72%) [0228] 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): 8 9.61 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.83 (m, 4H), 4.97-4.94 (m, 1H), 4.78 (t, 0.5H, J=9.3Hz), 4.69-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.57-4.53 (m, 0.5H), 3.28-3.02 (m, 2H).

[0229] 13C NMR (101 MHz, d6-DMSO): cS 200.14, 167.65, 134.73, 131.15, 123.24, 81.80 (d, J=171Hz), 44.81 (d, .I=21Hz), 40.64 (d, J=6Hz).

Example 7-C

Alternate Synthesis of Compound 7-12 Scheme 2 -~ -T

Step A: Preparation of Compound 7-14 [0230] Compound 7-9 was refluxed with 2.2 equivalents of phthalic i anhydride in the presence of 2.2 equivalents triethylamine in ethyl acetate until the reaction was complete. The solvent was removed under pressure. The residual was dissolved in water with a pH of 4 and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water having a pH of 4. Then, the organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed providing 7-14 as a white solid.

Step B: Preparation of Compound 7-12 [0231] Compound 7-14 and 1.2 equivalents of DIEA and 1.1 equivalent of BQP in THF was stirred at room temperature until a cl=ear solution formed. The solution was cooled to 0 C, and then 1.0 equivalent of NaBH4 was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 C under N2 until reaction completion. The solvent to changed to DCM and the reaction was washed once with water. The DCM phase was loaded onto a silica gel plug, and flushed with 15% EtOAc in hexanes to give Compound 7-12 as a colorless oil.

Example 8 Synthesis of Intermediate (S)-tert-butyl 4-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate 0 0 ~ ~ DIBAL-H, DCM, -78 C ~ ~
~O" v 'NHBoc H" v 'NHBoc [0232] Azeotropic mixture of (S)-ethyl 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) butanoate 8-1 (1 eq.) and toluene (x=3) was dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to -78 C. Then 1M solution of DIBAL in toluene (2 eq.) was added dropwise under N2 atmosphere and stirred at -78 C for 2 h.

[0233] The reaction was quenched with methanol and concentrated. To the concentrated residue was added 2 M potassium sodium tartrate solution at 0 C
and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate.
filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide compound 8-2 as a light yellow viscous liquid.
[0234] MS: MH+ =188.2 Example 9 Synthesis of (R)-tert-butyl 4-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate Step A: Synthesis of (R)-((benzyl) 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) butanoate O
O~NH2,SO4 (Boc)20 / THF O~NHBoc -~ 9-2 [0235] To (R) benzyl3-aminobutyrate sulfate salt 9-1 (1 eq.) in THF was added Boc-anhydride (2 eq.) and diisopropylethylamine (4 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide compound 9-2 as a white solid.
[0236] MS: MH+ = 294.0 Step B: Synthesis of (R)-tert-butyl 4-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate O
O~NHBoc DIBAL-H, DCM, -78 C
H NHBoc [0237] Azeotropic mixture of (R)-((benzyl) 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) butanoate 9-2 (1 eq.) and toluene (x=3) was dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to -78 C. A 1 M solution of DIBAL in toluene (2 eq.) was added dropwise under N2 atmosphere and stirred at -78 C for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with methanol and then concentrated. To the concentrated residue was added 2 M potassium sodium tartrate solution at 0 C and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide compound 9-3 as a colorless viscous liquid.

[0238] MS: MH+ = 188.2 Example 10 Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate Step A: Synthesis of methyl 3-amino-3-methylbutanoate ~ SOCI2 / MeOH ~
[0239] To 3-amino-3=methyl-butyric acid 10-1(1 eq.) in methanol at 0 C
was added 2 eq. of thionyl chloride. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was evaporated to give azeotropic mixture of 10-2 and toluene (x=3) which was used for Step B.
[02401 MS: MH+ = 132.1 Step B: Synthesis of inethyl3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoate \ ~ (Boc)20 / THF ~

O NH2 O NHBoc [0241] To methyl 3-amino-3-methylbutanoate HCl salt 10-2 (1 eq.) in THF
was added Boc-anhydride (2 eq.) and diisopropylethylamine (4 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide product 10-3 as a white solid.
[0242] MS: MH+ = 232.1 Step C: Synthesis of tert-butyl2-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate ~ O
DIBAL-H, DCM, -78 C
~O NHBoc H NHBoc [0243] Azeotropic mixture of methyl 3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoate 10-3 (1 eq.) and toluene (x=3) was dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to -78 C. To this was added dropwise 1 M solution of DIBAL in toluene (2 eq.) under N2 atmosphere and stirred at -78 C for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with methanol and concentrated. To concentrated residue was added 2 M potassium sodium tartrate solution at 0 C and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 30 min. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide product 10-4 as a colorless viscous liquid.
[0244] MS: MH+ = 202.1 Example 11 Synthesis of Phenylimidazole Free Amine Intermediate Scheme 3 F

F
CI

O 0 ~Oy N OH O 11-ZF ~_OY N
O O O F
F NH F N
N N
HN<rO HNO

F F O

N
F
/ NHZ

Step A: Preparation of Compound 11-3 [0245] To a 5-neclced flask containing 1 eq. of Compound 11-1 was added 0.7 eq. of K2C03 to give a 0.25M solution of K2C03 in acetone. After being stirred under N2 for 45 minutes, 1.0 eq. of Compound 11-2 in 1 M of acetone was added followed by addition of 0.2 eq. of KI in 5 M acetone. When the reaction is completed (about 3 hours), the reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. Ice water (equal to approximately 2.5 X
volume of acetone used in reaction) was added via addition funnel at such a speed that the teinperature did not exceed 15 C. After being stirred in an ice bath for one hour, the product was collected by vacuum filtration. The filter cake was washed 3 times with 20%
acetone and 3 times with water. The filter cake was air-dried and further dried in an oven at 50 C/5 torr until a consistent weight is reached. Yield 96%. HPLC purity: 99%.

Step B: Preparation of Compound 11-4 [0246] To a 0.19 M toluene solution of 11-3 in a reaction flask was added 20 eq. of NH~OAc. The mixture was stirred under reflux until the reaction was completed (about 8 h). It was cooled to RT and then water (equal to approximately one fourth of the volume of toluene used in the reaction) was added. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, sat. NaHCO3, and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 11-4. Yield 99.6%. HPLC purity: 91.4%.
Step C: Preparation of Compound 11-5 [0247] A flask containing a 0.5 M DMF and K2C03 solution of 11-4 was stirred under N2 for 30 min at 0-5 C, and then 1.1 eq. of PhCH2Br was added to it. The mixture was then stirred at RT overnight. It was then stirred in an ice bath during which ice water (approximately equal to the volume of DMF used in the reaction) was added dropwise.
The product was collected by vacuum filtration, washed twice with 50% DMF, twice witli 25% DMF and three times with water. The solid was dried in an oven at 50 C /
5 torr. Yield 95%. HPLC purity: 94%.
Step D: Preparation of Compound 11-6 [0248] MeOH was added to a flask and placed in an ice bath. To this was added 9.85 eq. of CH3COC1 dropwise over 30 min. followed by 1 eq. of 11-5 to forin a 0.25M solution of 11-5 in MeOH. The mixture was stirred at RT until the reaction was completed (about 12 h). After removing the solvent under reduced pressure, the obtained solid was suspended in MeOH (equal to approximately one half of the volume of MeOH
used in the reaction) and stirred at 0-5 C. To this mixture were added 2.5 M
NaOH / MeOH
solution dropwise until the pH reached about 10 and water was then added.
After being stirred at 0-5 C for 1 h, the product was collected by filtration. It was dried in an oven at 50 C / 5 torr. Yield 90.5%. HPLC purity: 97.0%. Optical purity was determined to be >99%
(enantiomeric excess (ee)).

Example 12 Preparation of,(3-Methoxymethyl side Chain Intermediate Scheme 4 ~ ~ CH3 ~ ~ ~CH3 O \CH 0 CH3 0 ~ 0 CH3 12-1 12-2 i H' I~ /N~O' /CH3 X '~ '\~ 3 0 I \ 0 CH3 Step A: Preparation of Compound 12-2 [0249] To a 500 mL round bottom flask was added Compound 12-1 (7.95 g;
25.7 mmol), 16.0 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl pyridine (16.0 g; 77.9 mmol) and 100 mL
anhydrous DCM. Subsequently, 11.36 g of methyl-trifluoromethane sulfonate was added.
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under N2 and monitored by HPLC.
HPLC monitoring showed at t=17 h that there was 76.0% Compound 12-2, 9.9%
Compound 12-1, 14.1 % byproduct; at t=20 h, there was 76.4% Compound 12-2, 16.2%
byproduct, 7.4%
Compound 12-1. The reaction was stopped by filtering out the solids. The solids were washed with CHaC12. The combined filtrate was washed with 0.5 N HCl (2 x 100 mL) and dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated. Flash colurnn chromatography (200 g silica gel, 20%
EtOAc in hexanes) gave 5.28g of tan oil as 12-2. HPLC purity=93.9% and used for the next step.

Step B: Preparation of Compound 12-3 [0250] A solution of Compound 12-2 (1.lOg, 3.6 mmol) in anhydrous DCM
(22 mL) was cooled to -78 C. DIBAL (7.12 mL of 1.OM solution in CH2C12)was added.
The reaction mixture was stirred at -120 C + 3 C (external temperature) and monitored by HPLC. An in process control (IPC) sample was instantly quenched in pre-chilled MeOH at-120 C and then prepared for HPLC for t=0 reading. The internal temperature was maintained at -118 C + 3 C. All IPC samples (t=0, t=1 h, t=2 h) indicated the absence of Compound 12-2 in the reaction mixture. The reaction was deemed complete at t=3 h and quenched with methanol. A temperature of -120 C + 2 C was maintained during the entire quenching process. HPLC indicated reaction mixture contained an aldehyde:
alcohol ratio of 95.1:4.9. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness then redissolved in CH2C12, washed in Na2CO3 (2 x 50 mL) and brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated to a pale yellow oil. HPLC indicated 82% pure for Compound 12-3.
[0251] The compounds in the table below were prepared using the methodology described in the previous Examples and Methods. The following tables also include compounds described in the experimentals. The starting materials used in the synthesis are recognizable to one of skill in the art and are commercially available or may be prepared using lcnown methods. The compounds in Table 1 were named using ACD/Name Batch Version 5.04 (Advanced Chemistry Development Inc.; Toronto, Ontario;
www.acdlabs.com). The compounds in Table 2 and Table 3 were named using AutoNom 2000 (Automatic Nomenclature) for ISIS/Base, implementing IUPAC standardized nomenclature. In one embodiment, provided is a stereoisomer of any one of the conlpounds in Tables 1, 2, or 3. In one aspect, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer. In another aspect, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer.

Compound Structure H+ Name 1 511.2 N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-f(lR)-l-[l-CH3 -chlorophenyl)-1 H-imidazol-N~CH3 NH2 2-yl]-2-methylpropyl}morpholine-4-N N_/--~ carboxamide I ~ o~.

ci 2 ~. ~ 508.2 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-{(1R)-1-[1-~ H,c enzyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-N CH3 NHZ 2-yl]-2-methylpropyl}piperidine-l-~ ~
N0-1 N carboxamide CI

Compound Structure MH+ Name 3 ~ 488.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-~ H3C CH3 benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-~ N}cH' NH2 dimethylpropyl]piperidine-l-~ carboxamide I N O=<

4 448.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-H3C CH3 enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-I NCH, NHZ dimethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea N NJ

478.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-H3C CH3 enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N' CH3 NH2 dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-I NI-CN--~ cH3 ethoxyethyl)urea N--/
H
6 532.3 ethyl (2S)-1-({(3-aminopropyl)[(1R)-H3C CH3 1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-I NCH NHZ 1)-2,2-I N ~N ~ dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)pyrroli N- H dine-2-carboxylate 7 ~~ 707.7 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-\ H3C\/CH3 enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-iinidazol-2-yl)-2,2-NcH3 NHZ dimethylpropyl]-N'-hydroxyurea ~ N N
I ~ O~N-OH
H
8 o ~ 474.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-H3C CH, enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N CH3 NHZ dimethylpropyl]pyrrolidine-l-~ ~~e N = N carboxamide 9 ~ 503.2 (2R)-2-(aininomethyl)-N-(3-\ H3C CH3 aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-N i CH3 NHZ henyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N N dimethylpropyl]pyrrolidine-l-~ ~ ~ /-NHZ carboxamide Compound Structure MH+ Name 490.2 (3S)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-\ H3C CH3 benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N CH3 NH2 dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-~ i NO= N- 1-carboxainide ~OH
11 490.2 (3R)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-H3C CH, enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N CH, NHZ dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-s ~ I NO~N 1-carboxamide ~
~)',,oH
12 1 34.2 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-Q enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N,c CH3 dimethylpropyl]-N'-methylurea OyN~~NHZ
H3C' INH
13 489.3 4-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-iinidazol-2-yl)-2, 2-N" dimeth 1 ro 1 i erazine-l-OoH3 YP pY]Pp OyNl~NHz carboxamide IN
H
14 , 571.4 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-~ NH~ ~H enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-'' N, -H, dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-OyNI,NHz N carboxamide YU

~ 502.2 -(3-aminopropyl)-N,[(1R)-1-(1-enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N':1Cu CH, dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-2-ylurea ~\('O
\ S NHZ

16 ( ~ 502.2 T-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-/ ~ NH3C CH3 dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-3-ylurea N
\ ~ CH3 N-~ ~
O NHz S

Compound Structure MH+ Name 17 515.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2--NHC CH, dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,5-~ ~ N~CHa 4 ~ dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)urea N t CH NHZ

18 9.N 56 5.2 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-C CH567.2 enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-CH, dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2,6-p dichloropyridin-4-yl)urea N
CI
19 500.2 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-_ enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-/ NH~C " dimeth 1 ro 1 N'- 2 fu lmeth 1 urea ~ N'CHa Yp pY]
- (- rY Y) OlyN-~-NHz I

g 20 521.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-NH,~ ~", enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-~ N CH~ dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea NH=

N
21 532.3 T-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-NHC CH~
NCH, dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,4-~ --\ difluorophenyl)urea F
22 ~ ~ 586.2 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N CH3 CH3 dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,5-~ ~ NH, dinitrophenyl)urea p Oy N,,~-~NH2 ON NH
~
5.11N,Z~, 'O
23 ~ 496.3 -(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-~ enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N ""3 CH3 dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea ODO~~NH=
NH
~

Compound Structure MH+ Name 24 520.3 (3R)-N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-H,c cH, -[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-No"3 N"= imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-~ NON--oH hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxanlide ( N
."OH
25 507.3 4-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-_ N CH3CHg imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-~ NcH3 dimethylpropyl]piperazine-l-O~NNH carboxamide (N) H
26 507.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N CH3CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-~ NcH3 dimethylpropyl]piperazine-l-carboxanlide Oy N--/,NHz C ~
N
H
27 504.3 (3R)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-H,C CH3 enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-I N~cH, NH2 dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-l-~ NN carboxamide N
OH

28 504.3 (3S)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-H3C CH3 enzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-N CH3 NH2 dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-l-~ i iNO~ carboxamide (N~
~/ OH

29 478.3 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-q H3C CH3 [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N CH3 NH2 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-I ~ I rio N~=OH ',N'-dimethylurea ~ N-CH3 Compound Structure MH+ ame 30 1 514.3 -[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N CH3CH3 'midazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ ~ NCH3 phenylurea ON,,Y,,NH2 NH
31 66.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ /
}3C CHCH3 [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-~ F imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-~
"o=< "'_,,-~NHZ ',N'-dimethylurea 32 1 514.3 T-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-N CH3CH3 'midazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ NCH3 henylurea OY NNj-"-NHa NH
, ()-33 : / 96.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-H~ CH3 [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N~ 3_~' "3 F imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ NO=<NH2 (2-methoxyethyl)urea HN-\-O

34 1 549.3 4-acetyl-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-~ fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-~ N H' CH3 henyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-ON H' dimethylpropyl]piperazine-l-Oy NIj-IINH2 carboxamide CNJ

O-~-CH3 35 A 510.2 (4R)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-- [ (1 R)-1- (1-b enzyl-4 -phenyl-1 H-"3C C"3CH3 N F imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-I \ I NO~ NHZ ydroxyisoxazolidine-2-carboxamide ~ N
OOH

Compound Structure MH+ Name 36 ,: / 522.2 (3R)-N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-H,C CH, [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N H3 F imidazol-2-Y1)-2,2-dimethY1propY1]-3 ~ -I INO~ ~~NHa hydroxypiperidine-l-carboxamide N
IOH
37 508.2 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-H3C CH3[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-I CH, NHZ imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ No~N-=oH (2-methoxyethyl)urea GH, 38 : 508.2 (3R)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-T- [ (1 R)-1-(1-b enzyl-4-p henyl-1 H-NCH ~ imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-I~ I No~ NHZ ydroxypyrrolidine-l-carboxamide N
v '/OH
39 \ H 508.2 (3S)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-- [ (1 R) -1-(1-b enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-N CH3 CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-~ I N N ~ NHZ ydroxypyrrolidine-l-carboxamide N
~OH
40 ci~ 522.3 (3S)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]--[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-N~H3 F imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-~ N N~~NHZ ydroxypiperidine-l-carboxamide ~ N
OH
41 579.3 ethyl4-({[(2S)-3-amino-2-~ fluoropropyl] [(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-_ N H3C CH3 henyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-~ ~CH3 dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)piperaz F ine-l-carboxylate O~,N,,,-'_,NH2 (N) Q-~-OCH, Compound Structure MH+ Name 42 579.3 ethyl4-({[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl] [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-(v HaC CH3 N~~-CHa dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)piperaz 0 F ine-l-carboxylate O' N~ -NHZ
C ~
N
O1), O1-*1 CHa 43 599.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-N HaC cHa imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-~ ~ N~~-CH, (ethylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-carboxamide F
0y N ~~ NH2 C ~
N
O=S=O
) 44 ~ 522.3 T-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-_ ~ N HaC CHa imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-e ~ / NFHa 'ydroxypiperidine-l-carboxamide 0ly N,,Y,,NH, N
p OH
45 , ~ 522.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-s [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-, N H3C CH, imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-~~/ N~Ha ydroxypiperidine-l-carboxamide OY N----l"~NH2 OH

Compound Structure MH+ Name 46 589.4 N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-~ (1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-N H3C CH3 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-c"3 carboxamide N~F
Oly N,,~,NHZ
p U
47 589.4 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-\ Nc"3 ipiperidine-1'-carboxamide F
O-Y N,_,;~,,NH2 p U
48 ~'~ 521.3 -(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-~ (1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-0~N N H3C CH3 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-CH3 ethylpiperazine-l-carboxamide F Oly N ,,L NHz CNJ

49 521.3 T-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-_ ~ N H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-~ / N~C"3 ethylpiperazine-l-carboxamide O. Nl_-;~IINH2 C ~
N

50 508.3 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-H3C CH3 [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-cH3 NHZ imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ NN-JrL "=oH (2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea N
H3C ~OH

Compound Structure MH+ Name 51 \ ~ 496.3 T-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-H3C CH3 CH~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-N F NH2 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ ~ N Nj~ (2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea O=( N
cH,~OH
52 \ ~ 403.2 1-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-NCH dimethylpropyl]tetrahydropyrimidin-o cH 2(1H)-one l HN
53 \ / 496.3 -[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-H3C CH3 CH3 [(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-NZ F NH2 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-I
~~N N~ (2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea ' ~ O=( N
cH,---OH
54 ~ 550.2 T-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-_ ~ N H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-~ / N~F H3 (3,4-difluorophenyl)urea 0OY NU,,NHz Fcr NH

' 520.2 -[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-~, ~N H3c CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-w/ --~N~ H3 hien-3-ylurea Oly N ,,,X NHZ
~NH
SJ~
56 ~ 520.2 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-_ ~ N H3C CH, iinidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-~ / NN H3 hien-3-ylurea O-~=N,/:~,,NHz ~NH
SJi Compound Structure MH+ Name 57 591.4 T-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-~ N H3CCH3 imidazol-2-y1)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4---~N~F"3 orpholin-4-ylpiperidine-l-O,yN,,,X,,,NH2 carboxamide p o 58 1 591.7 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-~ ,, N H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-\/ N~C"3 orpholin-4-ylpiperidine-l-F carboxamide Oy N-,-~NH2 o 59 ~ 508.3 -(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-b enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-~ ~,-N "3C CH3 2,2-dimethylpropyl]morpholine-4-\~/ N~F "' carboxamide OyN,,,~,NH2 o 60 585.3 -(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-b enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imi dazol-2-yl)-0-4 N CH3CHa 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-C"' N
F (methylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-OyN,,,,~,,NH2 carboxamide (N) O=S=O

61 ~ 585.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[ (1 R)-1-(1-b enz yl-4-phenyl-1 H-~ / N N cH,C~H3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-F (methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-OY NNHZ HZ carboxamide C ~
N
O=S=O

Compound Structure MH+ Name 62 588.4 4-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-~ 1-benz 1-4-hen 1-1 H-imidazol-2- 1 ( Yp Y Y)-/ N H3C CH3 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-F c"3 cyclohexylpiperazine-l-carboxamide OyN,~,NHZ

(N) b 63 539.2 4-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N 3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-/ \ N,~F "3 (4-cyanophenyl)urea OyN,,Y,,NHZ
NH

64 539.2 4-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-~ N 3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-/ (4-cyanophenyl)urea OyNlj~NH2 NH
65 ~ ~ 613.3 T-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-/ \ / , cH, (propylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-- N F
OY N ,,YNH2 carboxamide C J
N
0=S=0 Compound Structure MH+ Name 66 613.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-/ 4 CH3 (propylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-N F
O~, N l j~,NH? carboxamide rN~

O'=S=O
!CH3 67 613.3 T-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluotopropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-H3c cH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-~ N!NCH3 (isopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-OyN '~,_ NH, carboxamide (N) O=SI=0 CH~CH3 68 , 613.3 T-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-N H3c cH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-0N~~ H3 (isopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-OY Nll,~NHz carboxamide CNJ
0=S=0 CH~CH3 69 r 611.2 I-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N H3C cH, 'midazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-/ ~H3 (cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-OyN ,,Y,NH2 carboxamide N
0=5=0 Compound Structure MH+ Name 70 1 ~ 611.2 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-N aC CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-/ N~FH3 (cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-,, N ,,,;~,, NH2 carboxasnide o,, C ~
N
O=S=O

71 ~ 627.2 -[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-~ [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N H~ cH imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-/ ~ N~ )L_ ~", (butylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-O~N F~~NHZ carboxamide ' ~
N
O=S=O

1~ CHa 72 ~ 627.2 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-~ "
N 3 CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-/
N~ H (butylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-OY N,j,,NH2 carboxamide (N) 0=S=0 11 CH3 c 73 C, 601.4 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-, ~ ~ ~jVNHz imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-r H = ipiperidine-1'-carboxamide YU
74 551.3 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-_ ~ NH~C CH, imidazol-2- 1 2,2-dimeth 1 ro 1 N'-~~ NCH Y)- Y p pY ]-OyN~~NHz (4-cyanophenyl)urea HIN~~OH
a N

Compound Structure MH+ Name 75 562.3 T-[(3S)-3-arriino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[ (1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-N H~C
~ NH"3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-Oy N,,,,-.,,NHx' (3,4-difluorophenyl)urea HN OH
, 76 ~ 615.3 -[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N H~C OH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-"o 3S 3'fluoropY~'olidin-3-Y1]meth 1 ~ {L( )- Y }-N, 1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide YU

77 ~ , 615.3 -[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-H,C CH, imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-I CH~ N N-~ {[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-I Nl H 1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide 78 628.3 sT-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-/ N CHaCH3 {[(2S,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-N~3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-cYC N" carboxamide N :
p OH
U
79 522.3 1-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-/ "' y "~H, 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-tetrahydro-2H-oy Y,j,,NH2 yran-4-ylurea NH
O
80 522.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[ ( fR) -1-(1-b enzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-~ " " ' C"3 H, imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-0yN,~:,,NH2 etrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylurea NH
O

Compound Structure 1H+ Name 81 ~ 549.3 -(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-~ (1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-irnidazol-2-yl)-~ \ N 1t. "zN, 2,2-dirnethylpropyl]-4-O~,~N F,~,NHz (dimethylamino)piperidine-l-N carboxamide 82 ~ ~ 549.3 -[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-~ N , ~"~H, imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-O-~,YN~;,,E NHZ (dimethylamino)piperidine-l-N carboxamide=

83 ~ ~ 613.4 -[(lR)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-' imidazol-2-y1)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-( N H3C CH~H7 { [(3R,4R)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-~ H 1]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-Uo N OH carboxamide p N

84 ~ 613.3 -[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-~ 'midazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-6 H~
N "'H, {[(3S,4S)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-~ N NH l]methyl} -1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-I ~ oN,\,. carboxamide N OH

U
85 ~ 611.2 -[(1R)-i-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-H H C CH3 imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-i; o F [(3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl]-4-H (methylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-CH~ carboxamide C=$=C
CH886 611.2 -[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-N ,p CH' imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-~; (o' F, {[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-H -'j 4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-() N carboxamide C=~~=O

Compound Structure MH+ Name 87 ~ ; 611.2 N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-/ N H,C CH imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-~ aF{[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-~ 4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-~N~ carboxamide 0=~=C

88 597.2 N-[(3R)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-H~C CH, [(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-lH-NCH~ NHz ~ N -L H imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-~ N (methylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-~
carboxamide 5;
CH
a 89 1 ~ 597.2 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-H3C CH3 [(1 R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-NCH~ NHz , ~ N N_/~- H imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-~ =N (methylsulfonyl)piperazine-l-~-- carboxamide .S~CH
a Compound Structure MH+ Name 90 - 98.2 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1- {(R)-\ ~ 1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(3 -fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-:>z- CH3 NH2 3,3-dimethyl-urea I N F / C=<

F HsC
91 - 498.2 1 -((S)-3 -Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1- {(R)-\ ~ 1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(3 -fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-N CH3 NHZ 3,3-dimethyl-urea ~ i N N F
C=<

F HsC

Compound Structure MH+ Name 92 - 588.2 l,1-Dioxo-l-thiomorpholine-4-~ H carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-N cH, NHZ butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-'_ hen 1 1H-imidazol-2- 1 2,2 N N F ~ Y)' Y]' ' oN dimethyl-propyl} -amide F ~
~S=O
O
93 - ~ 540.2 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- { (R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-H3C CH3 4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-N CH3 NHa ~ _ 2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide N N F
O=<
F

94 - ~ 540.2 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ a,mino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ l -benzyl-H3c CH3 4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-NCH3 NHZ 2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide N N=F
O=<
N
~
F ~
O
95 616.3 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-l-H3C CH3 carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-CH3 NHZ utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-~ NO~ ~F henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-diinethyl-propyl}-amide ~ Q,O
F OSCH

96 F 502.6 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-' 1-[l-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-hen 1 1H-imidazol-2- 1 2 2 H3C CH3 y) y] 7 N CH3 dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea icr NO- N,/,,, NHZ
HN.CH

97 F 502.6 1 - ((R) - 3 -Amino -4 - fluoro -butyl) - 1 - {(R)-' 1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-hen 1 1H-imidazol-2- 1 2 2 H3C CH3 y ) y ] ~
I NCH3 dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea NOzzjN~NH2 HN.CH
F sF

Compound Structure MH+ Name 98 588.2 1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-~
H carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-I N~CH3 NHZ butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-~ N NJ =F phenyl)-1H-iinidazol-2-yl]-2,2-I 0=(N dimethyl-propyl}-amide '-- ;S=O

99 616.3 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-1-~ H C CH carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-N 3 CH3 NHZ utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-~ ~ N--F henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimetliyl-propyl}-amide ~ ~Q,O

F SCH

100 88.6 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1- {(R)-F \ / I 1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-H3C CH3 henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-N c", N"2 dimethyl-propyl}-urea I N N
F
O~
N'H
F H
101 Q 1.80.6 1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-"3 CH3 'midazol-2-Y1]-2,2-dimethY1-propY1}-3 -CH, NH2 H3 ethyl-urea / NH

102 494.6 1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-"3C H' imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea C / J-~ H3 I ~ NO~

/
/

103 - 488.6 1 -((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- 1 - {(R)-F \ /) 1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-H3C CH3 henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-N CH3 NH2 dimethY1-propY1}-urea I .
N N=F
C=<
N~H
F H

Compound Structure MH+ Name 104 571.7 4-Metliyl-piperazine- 1 -carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-N H~cCC~" (3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-I ' 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-NQ N,~,,,,~NHZ propyl}-amide F (N) F

105 F 571.7 4-Methyl-piperazine-l-carboxylic acid ~ 1 ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-"aC C"3 (3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-N~c"' 1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-le NC- NN"Z ropyl}-amide F (N) F

C"3 106 466.6 1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-H [1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-~ ea Np N~NH2 NHZ "3C CHs F
107 F 558.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-b enzyl)-4-( 3 -fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-I N~ "3 jc"3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -9~- N NCH3 NHa amide F 0=~
F
(N) o 108 ~ F 558.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-~ ~ a.mino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-I "'c cH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide ~
~-',Y<c3 N
F ~ N F
Co Compound Structure MH+ - Name 109 F 516.2 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-~ 1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-iinidazol-2-yl] -2,2-Z N H3C CH3 dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimetliyl-urea NcH3 r N,,,-,,NH2 F 0=~
F
H3C' N~CH3 110 ~ F 516.2 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-~ 1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl] -2,2-CH, dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea NJ~CH3 N~NH2 F 0~ F
N, CH3 CHs 111 F 542.3 yrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-H,c fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-cH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-q-1N ,, -~CH3 NHZ amide o~ ~
F N F
v 112 ~ F 542.3 yrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-N "3c CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-~ NC"3 N NHZ amide F N F
v 113 _ F 544.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-\ e amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-H ccH fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-F H, imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-/ ~ /~~ F
O N~~NHZ amide (N~

O

Compound Structure MH+ Name 114 F 528.3 yrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-\ amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-H fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-/ " 3 FH3 iinidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-F amide ON,~NHZ
U
115 F 514.3 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1-\ ~ {(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-H phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-P-- /NN 3 CCH3 dimethyl-propyl}-3-inethyl-urea OyN~iNHz F H C~ INH ~O

116 F 554.3 yrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-\ amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-H fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-/ \ /N N 3 c~H3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -~ oNNHZ amide F N y U "H3 117 F 570.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-\ s amino-4-methoxy-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-(3-N H3C CH3 fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-F O~N~,NH2 amide CN~ O

O
118 F 592.3 1,1-Dioxo-l-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-\ c CH3 CH3 ropyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-N j,NH2 (3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-~ / 2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide N- N
O=<
N
F
;0 Compound Structure MR+ Name 119 F 474.2 1-((S)-3-Ainino-2-fluoro-propyl)-1-~ ~ {(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-I\ ~ N H3C c FH3 dimethyl-propyl}-urea N~1 ~ C N,~NH2 120 470.6 1-(3-Amino-propyl)- 1 - {(R)-1-[ 1 -benzyl-~ ~ -(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -3-methyl-urea NCH3 H3C C N~,NHZ

121 ~ 484.6 1-(3-Amino-propyl)-1- {(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-\ ~ 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-H3C CH3 1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-F N~CH3 rea NCN,_,,-,~NH2 /
F H3C=N'CH3 122 - 551.7 1-(3-Amino-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- ' ~ -(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-H'c cH3 1-2,2-dimeth 1-ro 1 3-3,5-F N CH3 ] YP l~y } - ( ~ dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-urea NC N,_,-,,NH2 HC NH
F N' ~

123 - 510.3 yrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid (3-amino-\ ~ ropyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-H3c cH3 difluoro-phenyl)-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-F N' cH3 NH2 dimethyl-propyl}-amide N~CNJ
p=( F

Compound Structure MH+ Name 124 512.1 Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid (3-~ amino-propyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2,5-F N H3C difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-, CH3 dimethyl-propyl}-amide NcH3 I N~,~-~NH2 O
F ~
CIP
125 \/ 603:3 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-l-H,c CH, carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-F NcH3 NHZ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ NO~N-~ imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-F N C amide N, S'O
O CH

126 \ / 602.3 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-l-H,c cH, carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-F N~cH3 NHZ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ ~ NO=< N- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide ~ Q,O
F O S"
CH

127 526.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-ropyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2,5-F N H C CH3 difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-~ 3 ~ NcH3 dimethyl-propyl}-amide ~N,,--,,NH2 F ~
Co 128 570.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ ~ anlino-4-methoxy-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-\ N H3C CCH3 enzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-I N imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-CyN~,NH2 amide F 1QH, No CompoundStructure MH+ Name 129 ~ 502.2 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-~ ~ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-H3c cH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimetliyl-propyl}-3-F N~cH3 methyl-urea NON,_,,-~NH2 NH F

130 ~ ~ 558.3 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-F N H,c PH3 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-01-- ~N H3 l]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide O~,N./-.,NHa F N~ F
CO
131 - 574.2 1,1-Dioxo-l-thiomorpholine-4-~ J H carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-3G CH, F I NCH3 NH2 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-N N- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-1 ~ o=< amide F N
S

132 542.3 yrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- { (R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-F / N 30 ~H, 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-- ~ o N~~NHz 1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide F ~ \H

133 516.2 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-~ ~ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-H3C CH3 imidazol-2- 1 2 2 dimeth 1-ro 1 Yp PY}-F N~--~cN3 3,3-dimethyl-urea C~N,_,-,~,NHZ
F H3CN-CH3 -,F

134 635.2 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-l-: H carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-3c'i ~H, F I NCH, utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-~ ND~N,~,,NH2 henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-~ N F dimethyl-propyl}-amide F ~
_0 O-CH3 Compound Structure MH+ Name 135 583.3 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1- [ 1-b enzyl-4- (2, 5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-"3 cH, imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-/ c"' (3,5-di-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-urea O N,,,~,,,NH2 F NH ~F
H,c \ ~ cH, N-O
136 ~ ~ 592.3 1,1-Dioxo-l-tliiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-"3 c"3 ropyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-/ N F"' difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-- O
yN,,Y,,NHZ dimethyl-propyl}-amide N
c S~
O
137 544.3 soxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ ~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- { (R)-1-[ l -benzyl-N 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-CH3 1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide F O-~fN,_,-,/NHZ
VO \ F
138 542.2 Thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-H3c cH, difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide N N
O=<
F
Qs 139 530.3 Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-I s a.mino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-F N H3C CH3 enzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ cF3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-O~N~~NH
F 2 amide N

Compound Structure MH+ Name 140 - 528.3 Pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ ~ amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-H3 CH3 benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ cF3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-diinethyl-propyl}-~ O~N,,JNHZ alnide F
v 141 544.3 orpholin.e-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)- {(R)-1-[1-N H3C CH3 benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ NcF3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-O~N,~NHZ amide F
C~
O
142 606.3 1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-F N ~oHH utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-~ henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-O'N~.,,NH2 dimethyl-propyl}-amide F N~ F
S, O O
143 Q 558.2 1-Oxo-l-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic H acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-N CH3 NHZ 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-~ ~ N 1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide O=<F N

O
144 540.1 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-F N CH3 CHg difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-~
NCH3 dimethyl-propyl}-amide ~N~~NH2 F O CH, N
O

Compound Structure MH+ Name 145 ~ ~ 621.3 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-l-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-/ ~ /N,- N H' FH, propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-N~,NHz difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-Ff N dimethyl-propyl}-amide CN~
H3C-S=O
O
146 ~~ 576.1 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- { (R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-F ~
F CH, -(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-~ o~N ;~'NHZ 2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide F F

147 ~~ 576.1 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-~ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ l -benzyl-F NCH'CH, 4-(2,3,5 trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-F
~ N N H' 2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide ,/,,NHz F N ~F
Co~
148 540.1 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2,5-F N CH3 difluoro-phenyl)-1H-iinidazol-2-yl]-2,2-~ N~c~",; diinethyl-propyl}-amide ~NNHZ
F O CH, (N) O
149 ~ ~ 586.3 (2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-~ carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-F N CH3 utyl)-{(R)-1-[l-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-\ CH, henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-~ y OH3 NH2 dimethyl-propyl}-amide F ~N~
F

Compound Structure MH+ Name 150 599.7 4-Isopropyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-F N CH3CH3 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-NAI)cH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-~ ~ N,,-,, NH2 amide ON
>-C"3 151 ~ 530.6 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1 -{(R)-' 1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-F N CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-~ Nc ; isopropyl-urea i N~~NH2 O
F NH F
C"3 \

Compound Structure H+ Name 152 542.7 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1- [ 1-benzyl-4-(2, 5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-N "3 CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-/ C"3 NH cyclopropylmethyl-urea ~ N-/--/ z F ONH ~F
~
153 572.1 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-~" 1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2, 5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-\
N- H3 midazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-N~~NHZ (tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-urea F NH F
pJ

Compound Structure MH+ Name 154 558.2 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-cHI amino-4-fluoro-butY1)- {(S)- 1-[ 1 -benzy1-F
~cH3 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-iinidazol-2-~ ~ " N~NHZ Yl]-2=2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide F N F~
~0/
155 643.8 4-(3-((S)-3-Ainino-4-fluoro-butyl)-3-"'oH, {(R)-1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-~ N" H~ henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-pYN~~NH2 dimethyl-propyl} -ureido)-piperidine-l-F "H F carboxylic acid ethyl ester lNJ
o o~cH, 156 586.3 (2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-cH, carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-F I cH3 utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-~ YN c NHZ henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-F F. c=~ dimethyl-propyl}-amide H3C~CkH3 157 1 558.2 (S)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic ~ H3C acid ((S)-3 -amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-F I N !CH cH, NHZ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-~ N~--~N -F imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-y o ~
amide F v OH
158 \ ~ 558.2 (R)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic H3C CH3 acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-F I NcH3 NHZ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-N NJ =F imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-I o=( amide F
OH
159 -~ 528.2 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-~ 1-[ 1-benzyl-4-(2, 5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-H3C CH3 imidazol-2- 1 2,2-dimethY1 roPY1}3 F , Z Y]- -p- -IN ~}-~ CH NH cyclopropyl-urea N N -F
o=~
NH
F

Compound Structure MH+ Name 160 ~ /j 600.7 (S)-2-Hydrazinocarbonyl-pyrrolidine-l-H carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-,C CH3 F NcHs utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-, _~
No N,_,,-.,,NHZ henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-I ~ N F dimethyl-propyl}-amide HZN O
161 ~/1 600.7 (S)-1-((3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-H 1-benzY1-4-(2=5-difluoro-phenY1)-1H-3C CH3 [
F NCH, imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-~ No N NHZ carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic N~F acid methyl ester F

162 - 502.2 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-\ ~ 1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-H3C CH3 imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-F N~cH~NHZ ethyl-urea N N~ ~F
O=( NH
HsC
163 - 514.2 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1-\ ~ {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-H3C CH3 hen 1 1H-imidazol-2- 1 2 2-N CH3 NH2 Y)- Y]- ~
~--~ dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea N C=( N -O,CH

NH
F HaC
164 - 592.2 orpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-HO amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-H3C CH3 drox benz 1 4- 2 3 5-trifluoro-N CH3 NHZ Y Y- Y)- (>>
I ~}-~~ henyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-F No=<N -F dimethyl-propyl}-amide F ~N
F
~
O
165 - 620.2 (2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-Ho ~ ~ H carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-NCH3 NHZ utyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-F ~ N N=F (2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide ~ ~ F ~~CH3 Compound Structure MH+ Name 166 - 542.2 Pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-\ amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-H3C CH3 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-~ J-~ yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide N N F
O=<
F
167 - 504.2 -[(3S)-3-amino-4-fluorobutyl]-N-\ ~ {(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-H3C CH3 difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-F N~cH3 NHZ dimethylpropyl}-N-hydroxyurea a=( NH
HO
168 - 504.2 -[(3R)-3-ainino-4-fluorobutyl]-N-\ ~ {(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-H3C CH3 difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-F NcH Et2 dimethylpropyl}-N'-hydroxyurea N N/ F
o= NH
HO
169 632 1-{(R)-1-[1-Benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-henyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-F N H3C o _ diinethyl-propyl}-1-[(S)-3-(1,3-dioxo-/ ri cH"3 \ / 1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-oY",,,-,~," utyl]-3-methyl-urea 170 ~ 663 'N-[(S)-3-(1-{(R)-1-[1-Benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl] -2,2-F/ N cH3CH3 0 _ dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-ureido)-1-/ ~ N~H3 ~ / fluoromethyl-propyl]-N'-inethyl-p~NNH o hthalamide H3~,NH 'F NH
F

Example 13 Assay for Determining KSP Activity [0252] This example provides a representative in vitro assay for determining KSP activity in vitro. Purified microtubules obtained from bovine brain were purchased from Cytoskeleton Inc. (Denver, Colorado, USA). The motor domain of human KSP (Eg 5, KNSL1) was cloned, expressed, and purified to greater than 95% homogeneity.
Biomol Green was purchased from Affinity Research Products Ltd. (Matford Court, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom). Microtubules and KSP motor protein (i. e., the KSP motor domain) were diluted in assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.5), 1 mM MgCIZ, 10 mM DTT and 0.25 ing/mL BSA) to a final concentration of 35 g/mL microtubules and 45 nM KSP.
The microtubule/KSP mixture was then pre-incubated at 37 C for 10 min to promote the binding of KSP to microtubules.
[0253] To each well of the testing plate (384-well plate) containing 1.25 L
of inhibitor or test compound in DMSO (or DMSO only in the case of controls) were added 25 L of ATP solution (ATP diluted to a concentration of 300 M in assay buffer) and 25 L
of the above-described microtubule/KSP solution. The plates were incubated at RT for 1 hour. Following incubation, 65 L of Biomol Green (a malachite green-based dye that detects the release of inorganic phosphate) was added to each well. The plates were incubated for an additional 5-10 minutes then the absorbance at 630 nm was determined using a Victor II plate reader. The amount of absorbance at 630 nm corresponded to the amount of KSP activity in the samples. The IC50 of each inhibitor or test compound was then determined based on the decrease in absorbance at 630 nm at each concentration, via nonlinear regression using either XLFit for Excel or Prism data analysis software by GraphPad Software Inc.
[0254] Preferred compounds of the invention have a biological activity as measured by an IC50 of less than about 1 mM in assay protocols described in Example 13, with preferred embodiments having biological activity of less than about 25 M, with particularly preferred embodiments having biological activity of less than about 1000 nM, and with the most preferred embodiments having biological activity of less than about 100 nM.

Example 14 Inhibition of Cellular Proliferation in Tumor Cell Lines Treated with KSP
Inhibitors [0255] Cells are plated in 96-well plates at densities of about 500 cells per well of a 96-well plate and are allowed to grow for 24 hours. The cells are then treated witli various concentrations of compounds for 72 hours. Then, 100 l of CellTiter Glo is added.

Ce1lTiter Glo is a tetrazolium-based assay using the'reagent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) (U.S. Patent No.
5,185,450) (see Promega product catalog #G3580, CeIlTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay). The cells are then incubated in the darlc for 30 minutes. The amount of luminescence is determined for each well using a Walloc Trilux plate reader, which correlates with the number of cells per well. The number of viable cells in the wells that receive only DMSO (0.5%) serve as an indication, of 0% inhibition, while wells without cells serve as 100% inhibition of cell growth. The compound concentration that results in a 50% growth inhibition (GI50) is determined graphically from sigmoidal dose-response curves of log-transformed dose values versus cell counts (percent of control) at 72 hours of continuous compound exposure.
[0256] The cell lines used are listed below.
[0257] The cell proliferation assay is performed as described above.
Cancer Cell Lines Colo 205 - colon carcinoma RPMI 1640 +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S +1%NaPyr.+
Hepes +4.5g/L Glucose +1 %NaBicarb.
MDA 435- breast cancer- high met EMEM + 10% FBS + 1%P/S + 1%L-Glutamine+l%NEAA
+1%NaPyr + 1%vitamins HCT-15 and HCT116 -colon carcinoma RPMI 1640 +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S
Drug Resistant Cell Lines KB3.1- colon epidermal carcinoma; parental cell line Iscove's +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S
KBV1- p-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistant cell line RPMI 1640 +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S +0.2ug/mL
Vinblastine KB85 - p-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistant cell line DMEM +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S + lOng/mL Colchicine [0258] Preferred compounds of the invention have a biological activity as measured by an GI50 of less than about 1 mM in assay protocols described with some embodiments having biological activity of less than about 25 M, with other embodiments having biological activity of less than about 1000 nM, and with still other embodiment having a GI50 of less than about 100 nM.

Example 15 Clonogenic Softagar Assay Protocol [0259] Human cancer cells are plated at a density of 3x105 cells per well in a 6-well plate. The next day, a compound of interest at a certain concentration is added to each well. After 24 and 48 hours of incubation, the cells are harvested, washed and counted. The following steps are performed using the Multimelc 96 robot. Then, 500 viable cells per well are plated in a 96-well plate that is coated with PolyHeina to prevent attachment of the cells to the bottom of the well. Agarose (3% stock) is melted, diluted in warmed media and added to the cells to a final concentration of 0.5%. After the soft agar solidified, the plates are incubated at 37 C for 6 days. Alamar blue dye is added to cells and plates are incubated for an additional 6 hours. The optical density change is measured on a Tecan plate reader and is considered to correlate with the number of colonies formed in soft agar. A
cancerous cell is able to grow on the agar and thus will show an increase in optical density. A
reading of decreased optical density means that the cancer cells are being inhibited. It is contemplated that compounds of this invention will exhibit a decrease in optical density.

Claims (47)

1. A compound of formula I:

wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aminoacyl, acylamino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, alkyl, and substituted alkyl, with the proviso that substituted alkyl is not substituted with aryl or substituted aryl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic, provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy;
or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl;

or R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
or when R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R5, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of L-A1, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of -S(O)q- where q is one or two, and C1 to C5 alkylene optionally substituted with hydroxy, halo, or acylamino; and A1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; and one of either R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl, all of which may be optionally substituted with -(R9)m where R9 is as defined herein and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the other of R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl;

R9 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy;

and when m is an integer from 2 to 4, then each R9 may be the same or different;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula II:
wherein:
n is 1, 2, or 3;
p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic, provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy;

or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic;

R10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, amino, substituted amino, acylamino, halo, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, and substituted nitrogen-containing heteroaryl;
R11 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; provided that when p is 2 - 4, then each R11 may be the same or different;
R12 is alkyl;
R13 is hydrogen or alkyl, R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl;
or R10 and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
or when R10 and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R10, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group;
A2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl;
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is alkyl.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, t-butyl, and propyl.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 is hydrogen.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, and cycloalkyl.
7. The compound of claim 6, wherein the alkyl, substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxyethyl, furan-2-ylmethyl, hydroxyethyl, cyclopropyl and isopropyl.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is aryl or substituted aryl.
9. The compound of claim 8, wherein the aryl or substituted aryl is selected from the group consisting of 4-cyanophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 3,5-dinitrophenyl, and phenyl.
10. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl.
11. The compound of claim 10, wherein the heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of thiophen-2-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, and 2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl.
12. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is a heterocyclic group or substituted heterocyclic.
13. The compound of claim 12, wherein the heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group is tetrahydropyran-4-yl or 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl.
14. The compound of claim 1, wherein either of R3 or R4 or both of R3 and R4 are hydrogen.
15. The compound of claim 1, wherein one of R3 or R4 is hydroxy.
16. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are cyclized with the nitrogen atom bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic.
17. The compound of claim 16, wherein the heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-dioxothiamorpholin-N-yl,l-oxothiamorpholin-1-yl, 2-(aminomethylene)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2,6-dimethylmorpholin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-N-yl, 4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(dimethylamino)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(methylcarbonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(methysulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(morpholin-N-yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(piperidin-N-yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazin-N-yl, 4-hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazin-4-yl, 4-methylpiperidin-N-yl, isoxazolidin-2-yl, morpholin-N-yl, piperazin-N-yl, piperidin-N-yl, 2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl and pyrrolidin-N-yl.
18. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)3NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OH)NH2, -CH2CH(F)CH2NH2, -CH2-[2-(CH2OH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -CH2-[4-(OH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -CH2-C(F)(spiropyrrolidin-3-yl), -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NH2, -(CH2)2C(CH3)2NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OCH3)NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NHC(O)-[(2-CH3NHC(O))benzene], and -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindole.
19. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 and R5 and the atoms bound thereto join to form a heterocyclic or a substituted heterocyclic group.
20. The compound of claim 19, wherein the substituted heterocyclic group is 2-oxo-tetrahydropyrimidinyl.
21. The compound of claim 1, wherein one of R6 or R7 is aryl or substituted aryl.
22. The compound of claim 21, wherein the aryl or substituted aryl is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2,4-diflurophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl.
23. The compound of claim 1, wherein the other of R6 or R7 is hydrogen.
24. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is alkylene and A1 is aryl or substituted aryl.
25. The compound of claim 24, wherein L is methylene and A1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-fluorophenyl and 3-hydroxyphenyl.
26. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is t-butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L
is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, R7 is hydrogen.
27. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is t-butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L
is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R6 is phenyl substituted with 1 to 2 halo substituents.
28. The compound of claim 27, wherein halo is chloro or fluoro.
29. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is t-butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L
is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R5 is substituted alkyl.
30. The compound of claim 29, wherein substituted alkyl is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)3NH2, -CH2CH(F)CH2NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OCH3)NH2, (CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2, -(CH2)2C(CH3)2NH2 and -(CH2)2CH(CH2OH)NH2.
31. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is t-butyl, R2 is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, L is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, R7 is hydrogen, and R4 is alkyl.
32. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is t-butyl and R6 is phenyl substituted with fluoro.
33. The compound of claim 32, wherein R6 is 3-fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl.
34. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is isopropyl and R6 is phenyl substituted with chloro.
35. The compound of claim 34, wlierein R6 is 3-chlorophenyl.
36. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropyl}morpholine-4-carboxamide;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)urea;
methyl(2S)-1-({(3-aminopropyl)[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-hydroxyurea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
(2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
(3R)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-methylurea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-2-ylurea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-3-ylurea;

N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)urea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)urea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-furylmethyl)urea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)urea;
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea;
(3R)-N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide;
(3R)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)urea;
4-acetyl-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide;
(4R)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-hydroxyisoxazolidine-2-carboxamide;

(3R)-N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-y1)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)urea;
(3R)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide;
ethyl 4-({[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl][(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate;
ethyl 4-({[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl][(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea;
1-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea;

N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-3-ylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-3-ylurea;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-morpholin-4-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-morpholin-4-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;

N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(2S,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylurea;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylurea;
N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3R,4R)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3S,4S)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-[(3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-{[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3R)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide;

1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;

Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea;
1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-y1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea;
4-Methyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Methyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;

Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea;
1-(3-Amino-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
1-(3-Amino-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
1-(3-Amino-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-urea;
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;

1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea;
4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(3,5-di-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-urea;
1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-Oxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;

(2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-Isopropyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-isopropyl-urea;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-cyclopropylmethyl-urea;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-urea;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(S)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
4-(3-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-3-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-y1]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-ureido)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester;
(2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
(S)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
(R)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-cyclopropyl-urea;
(S)-2-Hydrazinocarbonyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
(S)-1-((3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester;
1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
1-((S)-3-Amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea;
Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
(2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;

Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide;
N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-fluorobutyl]-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-N'-hydroxyurea;
N-[(3R)-3-amino-4-fluorobutyl]-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-N'-hydroxyurea;
1-{(R)-1-[1-Benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-1-[(S)-3-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-butyl]-3-methyl-urea; and 'N-[(S)-3-(1-{(R)-1-[1-Benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-ureido)-1-fluoromethyl-propyl]-N'-methyl-phthalamide.
37. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
38. The composition of claim 37 further comprising at least one additional agent for the treatment of cancer.
39. The composition of claim 38, wherein the additional agent for the treatment of cancer is selected from the group consisting of irinotecan, topotecan, gemcitabine, imatinib, trastuzumab, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, carboplatin, cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, tezacitabine, cyclophosphamide, vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, rituximab, and trastuzumab.
40. A method of treating a disorder mediated, at least in part, by KSP in a mammalian patient comprising administering to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of claim 37.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the disorder is a cellular proliferative disease.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein the cellular proliferative disease is cancer.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of lung and bronchus; prostate; breast; pancreas; colon and rectum; thyroid;
stomach; liver and intrahepatic bile duct; kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; uterine corpus; uterine cervix;
ovary; multiple myeloma; esophagus; acute myelogenous leukemia; chronic myelognous leukemia; lymphocytic leukemia; myeloid leukemia; brain; oral cavity and pharynx; larynx;
small intestine; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; melanoma; and villous colon adenoma.
44. The method of claim 43 further comprising administering to the mammalian patient one additional agent for the treatment of cancer.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein the additional agent for the treatment of cancer is selected from the group consisting of irinotecan, topotecan, gemcitabine, imatinib, trastuzumab, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, carboplatin, cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, tezacitabine, cyclophosphamide, vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, rituximab, and trastuzumab.
46. A method for inhibiting KSP kinesin in a mammalian patient, wherein said method comprises administering to the patient an effective KSP-inhibiting amount of a compound of claim 1.
47. Use of the composition of claim 36 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
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