CA2659395A1 - Match server for a financial exchange having fault tolerant operation - Google Patents

Match server for a financial exchange having fault tolerant operation Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2659395A1
CA2659395A1 CA002659395A CA2659395A CA2659395A1 CA 2659395 A1 CA2659395 A1 CA 2659395A1 CA 002659395 A CA002659395 A CA 002659395A CA 2659395 A CA2659395 A CA 2659395A CA 2659395 A1 CA2659395 A1 CA 2659395A1
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Prior art keywords
primary
match server
input
backup
result
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Granted
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CA002659395A
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French (fr)
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CA2659395C (en
Inventor
Paul J. Callaway
Robert C. Hagemann, Iii
Zuber Shethwala
Troy Reece
Paul Andrew Bauerschmidt
Enrico Ferrari
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CME Group Inc
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Chicago Mercantile Exchange
Paul J. Callaway
Robert C. Hagemann, Iii
Zuber Shethwala
Troy Reece
Paul Andrew Bauerschmidt
Enrico Ferrari
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Publication of CA2659395A1 publication Critical patent/CA2659395A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2659395C publication Critical patent/CA2659395C/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
    • G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
    • G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
    • G06F11/1641—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the comparison is not performed by the redundant processing components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
    • G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
    • G06F11/1474—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying in transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/1675—Temporal synchronisation or re-synchronisation of redundant processing components
    • G06F11/1687—Temporal synchronisation or re-synchronisation of redundant processing components at event level, e.g. by interrupt or result of polling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/1695—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware which are operating with time diversity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
    • G06F11/2023—Failover techniques
    • G06F11/2028—Failover techniques eliminating a faulty processor or activating a spare
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
    • G06F11/2038—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant with a single idle spare processing component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/2097—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements maintaining the standby controller/processing unit updated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/202—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
    • G06F11/2046—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant where the redundant components share persistent storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • Technology Law (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Hardware Redundancy (AREA)

Abstract

Fault tolerant operation (104) is disclosed for a primary match server of a financial exchange using an active copy-cat instance, a.k.a, backup match server, that mirrors operations in the primary match server, but only after those operations have successfully completed in the primary match server. F ault tolerant logic monitors inputs and outputs of the primary match server and gates those inputs to the backup match server once a given input has bee n processed. The outputs of the backup match server are then compared with t he outputs of the primary match server to ensure correct operation. The disc losed embodiments further relate to fault tolerant failover mechanism allowi ng the backup match server to take over for the primary match server in a fa ult situation wherein the primary and backup match servers are loosely coupl ed, i.e, they need not be aware that they are operating in a fault tolerant environment. As such, the primary match server need not be specifically desi gned or programmed to interact with the fault tolerant mechanisms. Instead, the primary match server need only be designed to adhere to specific basic o perating guidelines and shut itself down when it cannot do so. By externally controlling the ability of the primary match server to successfully adhere to its operating guidelines, the fault tolerantmechanisms of the disclosed e mbodiments can recognize error conditions and easily failover from the prima ry match server to the backup match server.

Claims (29)

1. A method of providing fault tolerance to a primary match server, the method comprising:

receiving a copy of a first input relating to a first trade order transmitted to the primary match server;
forwarding the copy of the first input to a backup match server operative to process the first trade order related input and generate a first backup result based thereon;
waiting, in response to the receiving of the copy of the first input, for the primary match server to process the first trader order related input and transmit a first primary result based thereon;

determining that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted;
preventing, based on the determination that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted, the primary match server from completing a transaction that the primary match server is supposed to complete to continue operating;
and transmitting the first backup result when the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a copy of a second input relating to a second trade order transmitted to the primary match server, the copy of the second input being received subsequent to the copy of the first input;
waiting, in response to the receiving of the copy of the second input, for the primary match server to process the second trade order related input and transmit a second primary result based thereon;

wherein the forwarding further comprises forwarding the copy of the first input to the backup match server upon the transmission of the first and second primary results by the primary match server; and comparing the first primary, result with the first backup result and indicating a failure of the backup match server, the primary match server, or a combination thereof, when the first primary result is at least partially different from the first backup result.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the waiting further comprises waiting for a defined period of time to elapse from when the first input is received, wherein the determining further comprises determining that the first primary result has not been received before the defined period of time has elapsed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the transaction comprises a store transaction to a database, the preventing further comprising preventing completion of the store transaction.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the preventing further comprises causing the database to return a constraint violation in response to the store transaction.
6. The method of claim 1, where in the primary match server comprises a match server of a financial exchange.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary match server comprises a software application.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary match server comprises a processor.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first input comprises an incoming trader order or an order cancellation.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first primary results comprises an order cancellation confirmation, an order confirmation, a trade execution confirmation, an order elimination, order rejection or combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first primary result identifies the first input.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing of first trade order related input by the backup match server further comprises accepting the first trade order and matching the first trade order with another order to execute a trade, the first backup result being generated based thereon.
13. A system for providing fault tolerance to a primary match server, the system comprising:

a receiver operative to receive a copy of a first input transmitted to the primary match server;

an input forwarder coupled with the receiver and operative to forward the copy of the first input to a backup match server, the backup match server being operative to generate a first backup result based on the forwarded copy of the first input;
a fault detector coupled with the receiver and the primary match server and operative to wait, in response to the receiving of the copy of the first input, for the primary match server to transmit a first primary result based on the first input, wherein the fault detector is further operative to determine that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted;
a transaction inhibitor coupled with the fault detector and operative to prevent, based on the determination that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted, the primary match server from completing a transaction that the primary match server is supposed to complete to continue operating; and a transmitter coupled with the backup match server and the fault detector and operative to transmit the first backup result when the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein:
the receiver is further operative to receive a copy of a second input transmitted to the primary match server, the copy of the second input being received subsequent to the copy of the first input;
the fault detector is further operative to wait, in response to the receiving of the copy of the second input, for the primary match server to transmit a second primary result based on the second input;

wherein the input forwarder is further operative to forward the copy of the first input to the backup match server upon the transmission of the first and second primary results by the primary match server;
the system further comprising:
a comparator coupled with the primary match server and the backup match server and operative to compare the first primary result with the first backup result and indicate a failure of the backup match server, the primary match server or a combination thereof, when the first primary result is at least partially different from the first backup result.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the fault detector is further operative to wait for a defined period of time to elapse from when the first input is received and determine that the first primary result has not been received before the defined period of time has elapsed.
16. The system of claim 13, wherein the transaction comprises a store transaction to a database, the transaction inhibitor being further operative to prevent completion of the store transaction.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the transaction inhibitor being further operative to cause the database to return a constraint violation in response to the store transaction.
18. The system of claim 13, where in the primary match server comprises a match server of a financial exchange.
19. The system of claim 13, wherein the primary match server comprises a software application.
20. The system of claim 13, wherein the primary match server comprises a processor.
21. The system of claim 13, wherein the first input comprises an incoming trader order or an order cancellation.
22. The system of claim 13, wherein the first primary results comprises an order cancellation confirmation, an order confirmation, a trade execution confirmation, an order elimination, order rejection or combination thereof.
23. The system of claim 13, wherein the first primary result identifies the first input.
24. The system of claim 13, wherein the first input is related to a first trade order, the backup match server being further operative to accept the first trade order and match the first trade order with another order to execute a trade, the first backup result being based thereon.
25. A system for providing fault tolerance to a primary match server, the system comprising:

a processor;
a memory coupled with the processor;
first logic stored in the memory and executable by the processor to receive a copy of a first input transmitted to the primary match server;
second logic stored in the memory, coupled with the first logic and executable by the processor to forward the copy of the first input to a backup match server, the backup match server being operative to generate a first backup result based on the forwarded copy of the first input;
fourth logic stored in the memory, coupled with the first logic and executable by the processor to wait, in response to the receiving of the copy of the first input, for the primary match server to transmit a first primary result based on the first input, wherein the fourth logic is further executable by the processor to determine that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted;
fifth logic stored in the memory, coupled with the fourth logic and executable by the processor to prevent, based on the fourth logic determining that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted, the primary match server from completing a transaction that the primary match server is supposed to complete to continue operating; and sixth logic stored in the memory, coupled with the backup match server and the fourth logic and executable by the processor to transmit the first backup result when the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein:

the first logic is further executable by the processor to receive a copy of a second input transmitted to the primary match server, the copy of the second input being received subsequent to the copy of the first input;
the fourth logic is further executable by the processor to wait, in response to the receiving of the copy of the second input, for the primary match server to transmit a second primary result based on the second input;
wherein the second logic is further executable by the processor to forward the copy of the first input to the backup match server upon the transmission of the first and second primary results by the primary match server;
the system further comprising:
seventh logic stored in the memory, coupled with the primary match server and the backup match server and executable by the processor to compare the first primary result with the first backup result and indicate a failure of the backup match server, the primary match server or a combination thereof, when the first primary result is at least partially different from the first backup result.
27. The system of claim 25, wherein the primary match server comprises a first execution by the processor of seventh logic stored in the memory and executable by the processor, the backup match server comprising a second execution of the seventh logic by the processor.
28. A system for providing fault tolerance to a primary match server means, the system comprising:

means for receiving a copy of a first input transmitted to the primary match server;

means for forwarding, coupled with the means for receiving, the copy of the first input to a backup match server means operative to generate a first backup result based on the forwarded copy of the first input;

means for waiting, in response to the receiving of the copy of the first input, for the primary match server to transmit a first primary result based on the first input, the means for waiting being coupled with the means for receiving;
means for determining, coupled with the means for receiving and the means for waiting, that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted;
means for preventing, coupled with the means for determining, the primary match server means from completing a transaction that the primary match server means is supposed to complete to continue operating, based on the determination that the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted,; and means for transmitting, coupled with the means for determining and the backup match server means, for transmitting the first backup result when the first primary result is not likely to be transmitted.
29. The system of claim 28 further comprising:

means for receiving a copy of a second input transmitted to the primary match server means, the copy of the second input being received subsequent to the copy of the first input;

means for waiting, in response to the receiving of the copy of the second input, for the primary match server means to transmit a second primary result based on the second input; and wherein the means for forwarding further comprises means for forwarding the copy of the first input to the backup match server means upon the transmission of the first and second primary results by the primary match server;
the system further comprising:
means for comparing the first primary result with the first backup result and indicating a failure of the backup match server, the primary match server or a combination thereof, when the first primary result is at least partially different from the first backup result, the means for comparing being coupled with the primary match server means and the backup match server means.
CA2659395A 2006-08-11 2007-07-31 Match server for a financial exchange having fault tolerant operation Active CA2659395C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/502,851 2006-08-11
US11/502,851 US7434096B2 (en) 2006-08-11 2006-08-11 Match server for a financial exchange having fault tolerant operation
PCT/US2007/074810 WO2008021713A2 (en) 2006-08-11 2007-07-31 Match server for a financial exchange having fault tolerant operation

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CA2659395A1 true CA2659395A1 (en) 2008-02-21
CA2659395C CA2659395C (en) 2012-02-07

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US (6) US7434096B2 (en)
EP (2) EP3121722B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2659395C (en)
WO (1) WO2008021713A2 (en)

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