CA2691504C - Distributed antenna communications system - Google Patents
Distributed antenna communications system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2691504C CA2691504C CA2691504A CA2691504A CA2691504C CA 2691504 C CA2691504 C CA 2691504C CA 2691504 A CA2691504 A CA 2691504A CA 2691504 A CA2691504 A CA 2691504A CA 2691504 C CA2691504 C CA 2691504C
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015429 Mirabilis expansa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000294411 Mirabilis expansa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013536 miso Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001168730 Simo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000013407 communication difficulty Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- URWAJWIAIPFPJE-YFMIWBNJSA-N sisomycin Chemical compound O1C[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CC=C(CN)O2)N)[C@@H](N)C[C@H]1N URWAJWIAIPFPJE-YFMIWBNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
- H04B7/0874—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using subgroups of receive antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
- H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
Abstract
A distributed antenna system comprises a base transceiver station, a plurality of distributed antenna units and a signal routing apparatus. The base transceiver station has a plurality of output ports that generate a plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content. The different communication content is directed toward each of a plurality of mobile units. The base transceiver station also has at least one uplink receive port that receives an uplink signal. The uplink signal includes communication content received from at least one of the mobile units. The plurality of distributed antenna units have coverage areas that are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. The signal routing apparatus routes the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antennas such that each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antennas and each distributed antenna only transmits one of the downlink signals.
Description
= CA 02691504 2015-05-13 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to a distributed antenna system for wireless communications.
Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to a distributed antenna system for wireless communications.
Background of the Invention
[0002] In a conventional wireless cellular telephone network, base transceiver stations (BTS) facilitate communication between mobile units (e.g. cellular telephones) and the telephone network. A typical base station comprises multiple transceiver units and antennas for sending radio signals to the mobile units (downlink) and for receiving radio signals from the mobile units (uplink). The antennas of the base station are positioned outdoors on a cellular tower or on top of a building. Base stations are strategically located so as to maximize communications coverage over large geographical areas. The base stations are communicatively coupled to the telephone network via backhaul connections.
[0003] Conventional base stations have employed one transmit output signal and one receive signal for each antenna of the base station. The transmit and receive signals operate at different frequencies which allows for separation of the transmit and receive signals. This allows the transmit and receive signals to be combined by a duplexer so that a single antenna can be used for transmitting and receiving these two signals. So that multiple mobile devices can communicate simultaneously via the antenna, the transmit and receive signals are each divided into plural channels. For example, CDMA
(Code-Division, Multiple Access) protocols for cellular communication, such as UMTS
(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), and TDMA (Time-Division, Multiple-Access) protocols for cellular communication, such as GSMTm (Global System for Mobile Communications), allow several communications channels to be combined into the transmit and receive signals.
(Code-Division, Multiple Access) protocols for cellular communication, such as UMTS
(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), and TDMA (Time-Division, Multiple-Access) protocols for cellular communication, such as GSMTm (Global System for Mobile Communications), allow several communications channels to be combined into the transmit and receive signals.
[0004] In another configuration, a base station employs receive diversity in which two antennas are used for receiving the uplink signal from the mobile units.
In this case, =
the receive antennas are co-located in that they are mounted to the same outdoor structure but spaced slightly apart from each other. The signals from each antenna are then combined to form the uplink signal. This configuration can increase the cell coverage or allow the mobile units to use a lower output power.
In this case, =
the receive antennas are co-located in that they are mounted to the same outdoor structure but spaced slightly apart from each other. The signals from each antenna are then combined to form the uplink signal. This configuration can increase the cell coverage or allow the mobile units to use a lower output power.
[0005] Newer generations of base stations support multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) configurations. One example is MIMO 2x2, in which the base station uses two transmit antennas for the downlink signal and two receive antennas for the uplink signal.
Another example is MIMO 4x4, in which four transmit antennas are employed for the downlink signal and four receive antennas are employed for the uplink signal.
In all these MIMO configurations, the antennas are co-located in that they are mounted to the same outdoor structure but spaced slightly apart from each other.
Another example is MIMO 4x4, in which four transmit antennas are employed for the downlink signal and four receive antennas are employed for the uplink signal.
In all these MIMO configurations, the antennas are co-located in that they are mounted to the same outdoor structure but spaced slightly apart from each other.
[0006] These MIMO configurations are used to improve the throughput of a base station. This is achieved by the base station combining the multiple signals obtained from the multiple antennas to make the combined signal stronger or to reduce interference.
[0007] While these MIMO configurations can improve communications when the mobile devices are located outdoors, signal attenuation caused by building structures (i.e.
indoor penetration loss) can still result in communication difficulties for mobile units when located indoors.
indoor penetration loss) can still result in communication difficulties for mobile units when located indoors.
[0008] In a distributed antenna system (DAS), transmitted power is divided among several antennas in distributed locations so as to provide a large coverage area using less transmitted power than would be required by a single antenna. DAS systems have been used to provide indoor coverage for wireless communications. However, conventional distributed antenna systems leave room for improvement.
[0009] What is needed is an improved distributed antenna system for wireless communications.
= CA 02691504 2015-05-13 Summary of the Invention
= CA 02691504 2015-05-13 Summary of the Invention
[0010] According to an aspect, there is provided a distributed antenna system comprising: a base transceiver station having a plurality of output ports that generate a plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content, the different communication content being directed toward each of a plurality of mobile units and the base transceiver station having at least one uplink receive port that receives an uplink signal, the uplink signal including communication content received from at least one of the mobile units; a plurality of distributed antenna units, each of which is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station, the plurality of distributed antenna units having coverage areas that are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping; and a signal routing apparatus for routing the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antenna units, such that each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna_unit only transmits one of the downlink signals; wherein the signal routing apparatus comprises a reconfigurable switch for selectively routing the downlink signals to the distributed antenna units; and wherein the distributed antenna system further comprises means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base transceiver station for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch.
[0011] According to another aspect, there is provided a distributed antenna system comprising: a plurality of distributed antenna units; and a multi-port hub comprising: a first interface for connection to a base station of a telecommunications system, the first interface comprising a plurality of downlink ports for receiving a plurality of downlink signals from the base transceiver station and a plurality of uplink ports for sending uplink signals to the base transceiver station, the plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content; a second interface having downlink ports for sending the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antenna units and a plurality of uplink ports for receiving the uplink signals from the plurality of distributed antenna units; and means for reconfiguring the hub among a plurality of predetermined configurations, each configuration routing one or =
more downlink ports of the first interface to a selected group of the downlink ports of the second interface and routing a selected group of the uplink ports of the second interface to one or more of the uplink ports of the first interface and, for each configuration, the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna unit only transmits one of the downlink signals; and wherein each of the plurality of distributed antenna units is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station; and wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations.
Brief Description of the Drawings
more downlink ports of the first interface to a selected group of the downlink ports of the second interface and routing a selected group of the uplink ports of the second interface to one or more of the uplink ports of the first interface and, for each configuration, the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna unit only transmits one of the downlink signals; and wherein each of the plurality of distributed antenna units is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station; and wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0012] The present invention is described with respect to particular exemplary embodiments thereof and reference is accordingly made to the drawings in which:
[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a distributed antenna communications system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
[0014] Figure 2 illustrates details of the multi-port hub of Figure 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
[0015] Figures 3A-C illustrate exemplary arrangements of coverage areas for distributed antenna units in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
[0016] Figure 4 illustrates a hub comprising a programmable splitter and a programmable combiner in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
[0017] Figure 5 illustrates a hub comprising hard-wired splitters and a hard-wired combiner in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 6 illustrates a distributed antenna communications system in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention; and
[0019] Figure 7A-B illustrate exemplary arrangements of coverage areas for distributed antenna units in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
=
Detailed Description of the Invention
=
Detailed Description of the Invention
[0020] Figure 1 illustrates a distributed antenna communications system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, a base transceiver subsystem (which may also be referred to as a BTS or base station) 102 is communicatively coupled to a communications network 104 via a backhaul link 106.
Within the communications network 104, the backhaul 106 is coupled to a base station controller (BSC) 108, which is, in turn, coupled to a mobile switching center (MSC) 110.
The MSC 110 is coupled to a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 112 (e.g.
for voice communications) and may also be coupled the Internet 114 (e.g. for data communications).
Within the communications network 104, the backhaul 106 is coupled to a base station controller (BSC) 108, which is, in turn, coupled to a mobile switching center (MSC) 110.
The MSC 110 is coupled to a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 112 (e.g.
for voice communications) and may also be coupled the Internet 114 (e.g. for data communications).
[0021] The BSC 108 may perform various conventional functions including radio channel allocation, call handovers among base stations, configuring the base station 102, handling alarms and performing network management functions. The MSC 110 may perform various conventional functions including circuit switching, and providing applications and call features to mobile subscribers, such as call ringing and roaming. In an embodiment, certain of the features conventionally performed by the BSC 108 and MSC 110 may instead be performed by the base station 102. For example, the base station 102 may include a local server which is configured with a LinuxTM
operating system to perform these functions.
4a
operating system to perform these functions.
4a
[0022] The base station 102 is also communicatively coupled to multi-port hub 116 by, for example, a wireless link. The base station 102 may be located at the site of a cellular service provider. The hub 116 is communicatively coupled to a plurality of antenna units 118. Each of the antenna units 118 forms a corresponding coverage area.
Typically, the hub 116 and antenna units 118 are located indoors. For example, the hub 116 may be located in a utility closet of commercial building, while the antenna units 118 may be distributed throughout the building so as to form coverage areas that substantially include the occupied areas within the building. The coverage areas of the antenna units 118 are therefore distributed, meaning that they are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. The antenna units 118 are coupled to the hub 116 by bi-directional links 122. Each antenna unit 118 May include an antenna and a transceiver.
Typically, the hub 116 and antenna units 118 are located indoors. For example, the hub 116 may be located in a utility closet of commercial building, while the antenna units 118 may be distributed throughout the building so as to form coverage areas that substantially include the occupied areas within the building. The coverage areas of the antenna units 118 are therefore distributed, meaning that they are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. The antenna units 118 are coupled to the hub 116 by bi-directional links 122. Each antenna unit 118 May include an antenna and a transceiver.
[0023] Mobile communications equipment 120 (e.g., a cellular telephone) within a coverage area is communicatively coupled to the communications network 104 via one or more of the antenna units 118, the hub 116, the base station 102 and the bacichaul 106.
Together, the hub 116 and antenna units 118 form a distributed antenna system (DAS).
In the exemplary system shown in Figure 1, eight antenna units 118 are provided, though it will be apparent that a different number of antenna units 118 may be provided.
Together, the hub 116 and antenna units 118 form a distributed antenna system (DAS).
In the exemplary system shown in Figure 1, eight antenna units 118 are provided, though it will be apparent that a different number of antenna units 118 may be provided.
[0024] The base station 102 may have multiple-input, multiple-output (M11\40) capability. This means that the base station 102 may have capability to process and send parallel downlink signals (i.e. having the same transmit frequency or at least overlapping transmit frequency bands or channels) to multiple transmitting antennas. In addition, the base station 102 may have capability to receive a parallel uplink signals from multiple receiving antennas and to process the signals from each antenna into a combined signal.
In this case, the signals from each antenna are at the same receive frequency or at least in overlapping frequency bands and may contain redundant content and/or overlapping channels.
In this case, the signals from each antenna are at the same receive frequency or at least in overlapping frequency bands and may contain redundant content and/or overlapping channels.
[0025] Figure 2 illustrates details of the multi-port hub of Figure 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The base station 102 is connected to one or more transmit (downlink) ports of the hub 116. As shown in Figure 2, these downlink ports are labeled DA, DB, DC and DD. As is also shown in Figure 2, a solid line shows that the base station 102 is connected to the port DA. Dotted lines show optional connections to ports DB, Dc and DD. For example, if MIMO 2x2 is employed, the base station 102 will have two connections to the downlink ports and two connections to uplink ports. In the case of MIMO 4x4, four connections for each of the uplink and downlink may be employed. While a maximum of four connections to four downlink ports are shown in Figure 2, it will be apparent that this is exemplary and that a different number of ports may be provided.
[0026] The transmit (downlink) signals received from the base station 102 have the same or at least overlapping frequencies; for example, they may operate on the same frequency channel. However, they may contain different communication content.
For example, a first downlink signal may be transmitted at port DA and may be operating in the 1900 MHz frequency band. This first downlink signal may contain communication content directed toward a particular mobile unit 120. A second downlink signal may be transmitted at port DB and may also be operating in the 1900 MHz frequency band.
However, this second downlink signal may contain different communication content from that of the first downlink signal. This content of the second downlink signal may be directed a different one of the mobile units. Either of these mobile units may receive the signal intended for the other. In this case, the mobile unit may disregard the content intended for the other.
For example, a first downlink signal may be transmitted at port DA and may be operating in the 1900 MHz frequency band. This first downlink signal may contain communication content directed toward a particular mobile unit 120. A second downlink signal may be transmitted at port DB and may also be operating in the 1900 MHz frequency band.
However, this second downlink signal may contain different communication content from that of the first downlink signal. This content of the second downlink signal may be directed a different one of the mobile units. Either of these mobile units may receive the signal intended for the other. In this case, the mobile unit may disregard the content intended for the other.
[0027] The downlink signal from ports DI through D4 are routed by the hub 116 to selected groups of the antenna units 118. As shown in Figure 2, the hub 116 is provided with transmit (downlink) ports DI through Dg, one for each of the eight antenna units 118. A reconfigurable switch 124 routes the downlink signals from the base station ports DA through DD to selected ones of the downlink antenna ports DI through Dg.
For example, if there are eight antenna units 118 and MB,40 2x2 configuration is employed, half of the remote antenna units 118 may be connected to downlink port DA and the other half to downlink port DB. In one such configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports DI, D2, D3 and D4, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D5, D6, D7 and Dg. Therefore, in this configuration, the downlink signal at base station port DA is repeated at antenna ports DI, D2, D3 and D4. Similarly, the signal at base station port port DB is repeated at antenna ports D5, D6, D7 and Dg. In an alternative configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports D1, D3, D5 and D7, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D2, D4, D6 and DS.
For example, if there are eight antenna units 118 and MB,40 2x2 configuration is employed, half of the remote antenna units 118 may be connected to downlink port DA and the other half to downlink port DB. In one such configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports DI, D2, D3 and D4, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D5, D6, D7 and Dg. Therefore, in this configuration, the downlink signal at base station port DA is repeated at antenna ports DI, D2, D3 and D4. Similarly, the signal at base station port port DB is repeated at antenna ports D5, D6, D7 and Dg. In an alternative configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports D1, D3, D5 and D7, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D2, D4, D6 and DS.
[0028] The base station 102 is also connected to one or more receive (uplink) ports of the hub 116. As shown in Figure 2, these uplink ports are labeled Up, UB, UC
and UD.
As is also shown in Figure 2, a solid line shows that the base station 102 is connected to the port Up. Dotted lines show optional connections to ports UB, UC and U. For example, if MIMO 2x2 is used, the base station 102 will have two connections to the uplink ports. In the case of MIMO 4x4, four connections may be employed. While a maximum of four connections to four uplink ports are shown in Figure 2, it will be apparent that this is exemplary and that a different number of ports may be provided.
and UD.
As is also shown in Figure 2, a solid line shows that the base station 102 is connected to the port Up. Dotted lines show optional connections to ports UB, UC and U. For example, if MIMO 2x2 is used, the base station 102 will have two connections to the uplink ports. In the case of MIMO 4x4, four connections may be employed. While a maximum of four connections to four uplink ports are shown in Figure 2, it will be apparent that this is exemplary and that a different number of ports may be provided.
[0029] The uplink signals from selected groups of the antennas are routed by the hub 116 to the base station uplink ports UA, UB, UC Or Up. As shown in Figure 2, the hub 116 is provided with receive (uplink) ports U1 through Ug, one for each of the eight antenna units 118. The reconfigurable switch 124 routes the uplink signals from the antenna base station ports Up through Up to selected ones of the uplink antenna ports U1 through Ug.
For example, if there are eight antenna units 118 and a MlIVIO 2x2 configuration is used, half of the remote antenna units 118 may be connected to uplink port Up and the other half to uplink port UB. In one such configuration, uplink port UA may be connected to antenna ports U1, U2, U3 and U4, while uplink port UB may be connected to antenna ports U5, U6, U7 and Ug. Therefore, in this configuration, uplink signals at antenna ports Ul, U2, U3 and U4 may be combined by signal summation to form the uplink signal at base station port Up. Similarly, the signal at antenna ports US, U6, U7 and Ug are combined to form the uplink signal at base station port UB. In an alternative configuration, uplink port Up may be connected to antenna ports U1, U3, U5 and U7, while uplink port UB
may be connected to antenna ports U2, U4, U6 and I/8.
For example, if there are eight antenna units 118 and a MlIVIO 2x2 configuration is used, half of the remote antenna units 118 may be connected to uplink port Up and the other half to uplink port UB. In one such configuration, uplink port UA may be connected to antenna ports U1, U2, U3 and U4, while uplink port UB may be connected to antenna ports U5, U6, U7 and Ug. Therefore, in this configuration, uplink signals at antenna ports Ul, U2, U3 and U4 may be combined by signal summation to form the uplink signal at base station port Up. Similarly, the signal at antenna ports US, U6, U7 and Ug are combined to form the uplink signal at base station port UB. In an alternative configuration, uplink port Up may be connected to antenna ports U1, U3, U5 and U7, while uplink port UB
may be connected to antenna ports U2, U4, U6 and I/8.
[0030] The receive (uplink) signals received from the hub 102 at the uplink ports UA
through Up have the same receive frequency and contain redundant content and/or overlapping channels. However, the uplink signals may not contain identical content since the signal transmitted by a particular mobile device may be present within a channel of one of the uplink signals, but may not be present in all of the uplink signals or it may be present with different signal strength.
through Up have the same receive frequency and contain redundant content and/or overlapping channels. However, the uplink signals may not contain identical content since the signal transmitted by a particular mobile device may be present within a channel of one of the uplink signals, but may not be present in all of the uplink signals or it may be present with different signal strength.
31 [0031] The system 100 is capable of supporting duplex communications between the base station 102 and the mobile units 120. In a preferred embodiment, each antenna unit 118 uses single antenna for the duplexed uplink and downlink signals. For example, the uplink and downlink signals may operate in accordance with frequency division duplexing. Alternatively, the uplink and downlink signals may operate in accordance with time division duplexing. Referring to the drawings, the downlink signal at antenna port DI and the uplink signal at antenna port U1 may be duplexed. The downlink and uplink signals at the other ports may be similarly duplexed.
[0032] The downlink signals generated by the base station 102 may be radio frequency (RF) signals. Similarly, the downlink signals transmitted by the antenna units 118 may be RF. Accordingly, the downlink signals may be routed by the hub 116 in RF
without frequency conversion. Alternatively, RF downlink signals generated by the base station 102 may be down-converted to intermediate frequency (IF) signals for routing by the hub 116. The IF signals may then be up-converted to RF prior to retransmission by the antenna units 118. For example, for the downlink, the hub 116 may include frequency down-converters in the path between the ports DA, DB, Pc and DD and the switch 124.
Also for the downlink, frequency up-converters may be located in the hub 116 between the switch 124 and the ports DI though Dg. Alternatively, the frequency up-converters may be located in the antenna units 118. For the uplink, frequency down-converters may be located in the hub 116 between the ports U1 through Ug the switch 124 or in the antenna units 118. Also for the uplink, frequency up-converters may be located in the hub 116 between the switch 124 and the ports UA, U, Uc and UD.
without frequency conversion. Alternatively, RF downlink signals generated by the base station 102 may be down-converted to intermediate frequency (IF) signals for routing by the hub 116. The IF signals may then be up-converted to RF prior to retransmission by the antenna units 118. For example, for the downlink, the hub 116 may include frequency down-converters in the path between the ports DA, DB, Pc and DD and the switch 124.
Also for the downlink, frequency up-converters may be located in the hub 116 between the switch 124 and the ports DI though Dg. Alternatively, the frequency up-converters may be located in the antenna units 118. For the uplink, frequency down-converters may be located in the hub 116 between the ports U1 through Ug the switch 124 or in the antenna units 118. Also for the uplink, frequency up-converters may be located in the hub 116 between the switch 124 and the ports UA, U, Uc and UD.
[0033] The DAS system may be connected to various different base stations that support various different MIMO configurations. The reconfigurable switch 124 of the hub 116 accommodates these different base station configurations. In addition, the hub 116 may also allow a user to select (through a user interface) among permissible predetermined configurations of the switch 124. Using the examples above, for MIMO
2x2, the reconfigurable switch 124 may connect half of the remote antenna units 118 to downlink port DA and the other half to downlink port DB. However, there may be multiple permissible alternatives for making such a connection. In a first configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports DI, D2, D3 and Da, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D5, D6, D7 and Dg. In a second configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports DI, D3, D5 and D7, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D2, Da, D6 and Dg. For such a MIMO
2x2 configuration, the ports Dc, DD, Uc and Up are unused and, thus, may have no connection.
2x2, the reconfigurable switch 124 may connect half of the remote antenna units 118 to downlink port DA and the other half to downlink port DB. However, there may be multiple permissible alternatives for making such a connection. In a first configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports DI, D2, D3 and Da, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D5, D6, D7 and Dg. In a second configuration, downlink port DA may be connected to antenna ports DI, D3, D5 and D7, while downlink port DB may be connected to antenna ports D2, Da, D6 and Dg. For such a MIMO
2x2 configuration, the ports Dc, DD, Uc and Up are unused and, thus, may have no connection.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the hub 116 automatically determines which of the base station downlink ports DA through DB are active and which of the base station uplink ports Up through UB are active. The hub 116 may also determine which of the antenna downlink ports D1 though D8 and uplink ports Ul though U8 have a connected antenna unit 118. This may be accomplished a hub controller 126 sensing whether electrical signals are present at the ports (e.g. by field strength sensing) or sensing whether a cable is mechanically plugged into the ports (e.g. by a mechanical switch).
This determination of which ports are active is then determinative of the permissible predetermined configurations of the switch 124. In this case, the switch 124 can be configured and reconfigured by the hub controller 126 (i.e. the switch 124 is reconfigurable under remote control).
This determination of which ports are active is then determinative of the permissible predetermined configurations of the switch 124. In this case, the switch 124 can be configured and reconfigured by the hub controller 126 (i.e. the switch 124 is reconfigurable under remote control).
[0035] Where a maximum of four downlink and four uplink base station ports are provided, typical configurations of the base station 102 include: single-input, single-output (which may also be referred to as "SISO" or "MEMO lx1"); single-input, dual-output (which may also be referred to as "SIMO 1x2" or "MEMO 1x2"); single-input, quad-output (which may also be referred to as "HMO 1x4" or "MIMO 1x4"); dual-input, single-output (which may also be referred to as "MISO 2x1" or "MEMO 2x1");
dual-input, dual-output (which may also be referred to as "MEMO 2x2"); dual-input, quad-output (which may also be referred to as "MIMO 2x4"); quad-input, single-output (which may also be referred to as "MISO 4x1" or "MIMO 4x1"); quad-input, dual-output (which may also be referred to as "MIMO 4x2"); and quad-input, quad-output (which may also be referred to as "MEMO 4x4").
dual-input, dual-output (which may also be referred to as "MEMO 2x2"); dual-input, quad-output (which may also be referred to as "MIMO 2x4"); quad-input, single-output (which may also be referred to as "MISO 4x1" or "MIMO 4x1"); quad-input, dual-output (which may also be referred to as "MIMO 4x2"); and quad-input, quad-output (which may also be referred to as "MEMO 4x4").
[0036] For MIMO lxl, one downlink base station port (e.g. port DA) and one uplink base station port (e.g. port UA) are active. In this case, there may be a single permissible configuration of the switch 124 in which the base station port DA is connected to all of the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI though D8) and in which all of the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports Ul through U2) are connected to the base station port UA.
[0037] For MIMO 1x2, one downlink base station port (e.g: port DA) and two uplink base station ports (e.g. ports Up and UB) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the base station port DA may be connected to all of the downlink antenna ports (e.g.
ports DI
though D8) while the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port Up and the other group connected to the base station port UB.
ports DI
though D8) while the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port Up and the other group connected to the base station port UB.
[0038] Figures 3A-C illustrate exemplary arrangements of coverage areas 128 for the distributed antenna units 118. In a preferred embodiment, the coverage areas 128 are located indoors, within a building 130. For example, the arrangements may be for a single story building or a single level in a multi-story building. Each coverage area 128 corresponds to an antenna unit 118 and, thus, each coverage area 128 also corresponds to an antenna port of the hub 116. The coverage areas shown in Figure 3A-C are preferably distributed uniformly within the building 130 and are equally applicable to downlink and uplink signaling. Because there are eight downlink and uplink antenna ports, there are eight coverage areas 128 shown in Figures 3A-C. The coverage areas 128 are drawn roughly circular and labeled with the number of the corresponding antenna port. Figure 3A shows that the coverage areas for antenna ports 1-4 form a first group and that coverage areas for antenna ports 5-8 form a second group.
[0039] Thus, returning to the MIMO 1x2 example, Figure 3A shows that the uplink antenna ports U1 through U4 are in the first group and are connected to the base station port Up and that the uplink antenna ports U5 through U8 are in the second group and are connected to the base station port UB. In Figure 3A, the groups of remote antenna units are arranged to maximize the contiguous areas of coverage and to minimize boundaries between the coverage areas of different groups of antenna units 118. It can be seen that the contiguous areas of coverage are maximized because the areas of the antennas for ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 form one contiguous area, while the areas of the antennas for ports 5, 6, 7 and 8 form another contiguous area. It can also be seen that the boundaries are minimized in Figure 3A since there are only two areas of overlap between coverage areas of the different groups: between the areas of the antennas for ports 3 and 5 and between the areas of the antennas for ports 4 and 6. Such a configuration is beneficial to reduce interference among different mobile units 140 that are communicating with the base station 102 via different antenna units 118.
[0040] Figure 3B shows that the uplink antenna ports Ul, U2, U5, and U6 are in the first group and are connected to the base station port UA and that the uplink antenna ports U3) U4, U7, and U8 are in the second group and are connected to the base station port Ug. In this configuration, the antenna unit 118 are adjacent to antenna units 118 in a different group. In Figure 3B, the groups of remote antenna units are arranged to minimize the contiguous areas of coverage and to maximize the boundaries between the coverage areas of different groups of antenna units 118. It can be seen that the contiguous areas of coverage are minimized, in comparison to the arrangement of Figure 3A because each contiguous area only include the areas of two antennas. It can also be seen that the boundaries are maximized in comparison to that of Figure 3A since in Figure 3B
there are six areas of overlap between coverage areas of the different groups:
between the areas of the antennas for ports 1 and 3; between the areas of the antennas for ports 2 and 4; between the areas of the antennas for ports 3 and 5; between the areas of the antennas for ports 4 and 6; between the areas of the antennas for ports 5 and 7; and between the areas of the antennas for ports 6 and 8. Such a configuration tends to maximize interference among adjacent coverage areas and is, thus, beneficial for interference cancellation.
there are six areas of overlap between coverage areas of the different groups:
between the areas of the antennas for ports 1 and 3; between the areas of the antennas for ports 2 and 4; between the areas of the antennas for ports 3 and 5; between the areas of the antennas for ports 4 and 6; between the areas of the antennas for ports 5 and 7; and between the areas of the antennas for ports 6 and 8. Such a configuration tends to maximize interference among adjacent coverage areas and is, thus, beneficial for interference cancellation.
[0041] Still another arrangement that would further minimize the contiguous areas of coverage and to maximize the boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 118 would be to arrange the areas of coverage 128 in an alternating, checkerboard pattern (e.g. with uplink antenna ports 1.31, U4, U5 and U8 being in the first group and with uplink antenna ports U2, U3, U6 and U7 being in the second group).
[0042] Figure 3C shows an embodiment in which the uplink antenna ports U1, U3, U5, and U7 are in the first group and are connected to the base station port UA.
In addition, the uplink antenna ports U2, U4, U6, and U8 are in the second group and are connected to the base station port UB. This configuration is essentially a compromise between the configurations of Figures 3A and 3B.
In addition, the uplink antenna ports U2, U4, U6, and U8 are in the second group and are connected to the base station port UB. This configuration is essentially a compromise between the configurations of Figures 3A and 3B.
[0043] In an embodiment, the user may select from among the permissible configurations of the switch 124 and, thus, the grouping arrangements of the antenna coverage areas 128. For example, the user may try each grouping arrangement for a period of time and then may be select the one which yields the greatest overall performance for continuous operation. It will be apparent that the predetermined groups of Figures 3A-C are exemplary and that different groups may be formed.
[0044] For MIMO 1x4, one downlink base station port (e.g. port DA) and four uplink base station ports (e.g. ports Up through UD) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the base station port DA may be connected to all of the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI though D8) while the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into four groups with one group being connected to each of the base station ports UA
through UD. As before, the permissible groupings may either minimize interference by minimizing boundaries or may maximize interference by maximizing boundaries or may represent a compromise between the two extremes. The user may select from among a plurality of permissible grouping arrangements.
through UD. As before, the permissible groupings may either minimize interference by minimizing boundaries or may maximize interference by maximizing boundaries or may represent a compromise between the two extremes. The user may select from among a plurality of permissible grouping arrangements.
[0045] For MEMO 2x1, two downlink base station ports (e.g. ports DA and DB) and one uplink base station port (e.g. port UA) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the base station port UA may be connected to all of the uplink antenna ports (e.g.
ports Ui though U8) while the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port DA and the other group being connected to the base station port DB. In this case, the user may select from among the permissible groups (which may include the groups of Figures 3A-C) for the downlink signals.
ports Ui though U8) while the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port DA and the other group being connected to the base station port DB. In this case, the user may select from among the permissible groups (which may include the groups of Figures 3A-C) for the downlink signals.
[0046] For MEMO 2x2, two downlink base station ports (e.g. ports DA and DB) and two uplink base station ports (e.g. ports UA and UB) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port DA and the other group being connected to the base station port DB. In addition, the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port UA and the other group connected to the base station port UB. In this case, the user may select from among the permissible groups (which may include the groups of Figures 3A-C) for the uplink and for the downlink signals.
[0047] For MEMO 2x4, two downlink base station ports (e.g. ports DA and DB) and four uplink base station ports (e.g. ports UA though Up) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port DA and the other group being connected to the base station port DB. In addition, the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into four groups with one group being connected to each of the base station ports UA through Up. In this case, the user may select from among a plurality of permissible groups for the uplink and for the downlink signals.
[0048] For MIMO 4x1, four downlink base station ports (e.g. ports DA through Do) and one uplink base station port (e.g. port UA) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124." In the permissible configurations, the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into four groups with one group being connected to each of the base station ports DA through DD
while the base station port UA may be connected to all of the uplink antenna ports (e.g.
ports U1 though U8). As with other MIIVIO configurations, the permissible groupings may either minimize interference by minimizing boundaries or may maximize interference by maximizing boundaries or may represent a compromise between the two extremes.
The user may select from among a plurality of permissible grouping arrangements for the downlink signals.
while the base station port UA may be connected to all of the uplink antenna ports (e.g.
ports U1 though U8). As with other MIIVIO configurations, the permissible groupings may either minimize interference by minimizing boundaries or may maximize interference by maximizing boundaries or may represent a compromise between the two extremes.
The user may select from among a plurality of permissible grouping arrangements for the downlink signals.
[0049] For MEMO 4x2, four downlink base station ports (e.g. ports DA through DB) and two uplink base station ports (e.g. ports UA and UD) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into four groups with one group being connected to each of the base station ports DA through Dp. In addition, the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into two groups with one group being connected to the base station port Up and the other group being connected to the base station port Ug. In this case, the user may select from among a plurality of permissible groups for the uplink and for the downlink signals.
[0050] For MEMO 4x4, four downlink base station ports (e.g. ports DA through DB) and four uplink base station ports (e.g. ports Up though UD) are active. In this case, there may be multiple permissible configurations of the switch 124. In the permissible configurations, the downlink antenna ports (e.g. ports DI through D8) may be divided into four groups with one group being connected to each of the base station ports DA through DD. In addition, the uplink antenna ports (e.g. ports U1 through U8) may be divided into four groups with one group being connected to each of the base station ports Up through Up. In this case, the user may select from among a plurality of permissible groups for the uplink and for the downlink signals.
[0051] The reconfigurable switch 124 may be implemented by, for example, signal routing elements chosen from among a cross-bar switch, an appropriate configuration of multiplexers, or an appropriate arrangement of signal splitters and combiners.
In each case, the switch 124 may be remotely reconfigured under control of the hub controller 126. Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the hub 116 in which a programmable splitter 132 may be provided for the downlink with each downlink base station port DA
though DD being connected to an input of the splitter 132 and with the outputs of the splitter 132 being connected to the downlink antenna ports DI through D8. The splitter 132 can be remotely controlled to cause the downlink signals to be routed from any of the base station ports DA though DD to any of the antenna ports DI through Dg. For the uplink, a programmable combiner 134 may be provided for the uplink with the inputs of the combiner 134 being connected to the uplink antenna ports U1 through Ug and with the outputs of the combiner 134 being connected to the uplink base station ports Up though Up. The combiner 134 can be remotely controlled to cause the uplink signals to be routed from any antenna port to any base station port. Operation of the hub 116, including the configuration of the reconfigurable switch 124, may controlled by a hub controller 126. The signal routing elements may be passive (without amplification) or active (with amplification).
In each case, the switch 124 may be remotely reconfigured under control of the hub controller 126. Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the hub 116 in which a programmable splitter 132 may be provided for the downlink with each downlink base station port DA
though DD being connected to an input of the splitter 132 and with the outputs of the splitter 132 being connected to the downlink antenna ports DI through D8. The splitter 132 can be remotely controlled to cause the downlink signals to be routed from any of the base station ports DA though DD to any of the antenna ports DI through Dg. For the uplink, a programmable combiner 134 may be provided for the uplink with the inputs of the combiner 134 being connected to the uplink antenna ports U1 through Ug and with the outputs of the combiner 134 being connected to the uplink base station ports Up though Up. The combiner 134 can be remotely controlled to cause the uplink signals to be routed from any antenna port to any base station port. Operation of the hub 116, including the configuration of the reconfigurable switch 124, may controlled by a hub controller 126. The signal routing elements may be passive (without amplification) or active (with amplification).
[0052] In an alternative embodiment, rather than being remote controlled, the switch 124 is manually configured (i.e. "hard-wired"). Figure 5 illustrates the hub 116 in which the downlink and uplink signals are routed by splitters 136, 138 and a combiner 140.
More particularly, the splitter 136 is a one-to-four splitter having its input connected to the base station downlink port DA. The four outputs of the splitter 136 are connected to the antenna downlink ports DI, D2, D3, and D4, respectively. The splitter 138 is a one-to-four splitter having its input connected to the base station downlink port DB.
The four outputs of the splitter 138 are connected to the antenna downlink ports D5, D6, D7, and Dg, respectively. The combiner 140 is an eight-to-one combiner having its output connected to the base station uplink port Up. The eight inputs of the combiner 140 are connected to the antenna uplink ports U1 through Ug, respectively. The configuration of Figure 5 is MDMO 2x1 with the transmit coverage areas arranged as in Figure 3A. It will be apparent that the particular configuration of Figure 5 is exemplary and that the hub 116 may be manually configured in a variety of signal routing configurations.
For example, the hub 116 may comprise cables, one or more splitters and one or more combiners located in a wiring closet; these elements of the hub 116 may be manually =
configured and reconfigured as desired.
More particularly, the splitter 136 is a one-to-four splitter having its input connected to the base station downlink port DA. The four outputs of the splitter 136 are connected to the antenna downlink ports DI, D2, D3, and D4, respectively. The splitter 138 is a one-to-four splitter having its input connected to the base station downlink port DB.
The four outputs of the splitter 138 are connected to the antenna downlink ports D5, D6, D7, and Dg, respectively. The combiner 140 is an eight-to-one combiner having its output connected to the base station uplink port Up. The eight inputs of the combiner 140 are connected to the antenna uplink ports U1 through Ug, respectively. The configuration of Figure 5 is MDMO 2x1 with the transmit coverage areas arranged as in Figure 3A. It will be apparent that the particular configuration of Figure 5 is exemplary and that the hub 116 may be manually configured in a variety of signal routing configurations.
For example, the hub 116 may comprise cables, one or more splitters and one or more combiners located in a wiring closet; these elements of the hub 116 may be manually =
configured and reconfigured as desired.
[0053] In the embodiments described above, each antenna unit 118 comprises one transmitting and one receiving antenna (though these duplex functions may be performed by a single antenna). In an alternative embodiment, an antenna unit may be provided with two or more transmitting and/or receiving antennas. Figure 6 illustrates a distributed antenna communications system in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. The system of Figure 6 differs from that of Figure 2 in that each of a plurality of antenna units 142 comprise two transmitting and two receiving antennas. As before, each antenna may perform duplex transmitting and receiving functions.
However, in the system of Figure 6, the antennas of a particular antenna unit 142 are co-located such that their coverage areas substantially overlap. Two antennas of the same antenna unit 142 may be connected to different base station downlink and/or base station uplink ports. For example, the downlink signal from base station port DA may be routed to a first antenna of a particular antenna unit 142 while the downlink signal from base station port DB may be routed to a second antenna of that same antenna unit.
Similarly, the uplink signal from a first antenna of a particular antenna unit 142 may be routed to the base station uplink port Up while the uplink signal from a second antenna of that the same antenna unit 142 may be routed to the base station uplink port U13.
However, in the system of Figure 6, the antennas of a particular antenna unit 142 are co-located such that their coverage areas substantially overlap. Two antennas of the same antenna unit 142 may be connected to different base station downlink and/or base station uplink ports. For example, the downlink signal from base station port DA may be routed to a first antenna of a particular antenna unit 142 while the downlink signal from base station port DB may be routed to a second antenna of that same antenna unit.
Similarly, the uplink signal from a first antenna of a particular antenna unit 142 may be routed to the base station uplink port Up while the uplink signal from a second antenna of that the same antenna unit 142 may be routed to the base station uplink port U13.
[0054] The antenna units 142 of Figure 6 are distributed (e.g. throughout the occupied areas of a building). Figures 7A-B illustrate exemplary arrangements of coverage areas 144 for distributed antenna units in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Particularly, Figures 7A-B show that the coverage areas 144 for downlink and uplink antenna ports DI, U1, D2 and U2 are co-located (e.g. at area "1") and that coverage areas 144 for downlink and uplink antenna ports D3, U3, D4 and U4 are co-located (e.g. at area "2"). In addition, Figures 7A-B show that the coverage areas 144 for downlink and uplink antenna ports D5, U5, D6 and U6 are co-located (e.g. at area "3") and that coverage areas 144 for downlink and uplink antenna ports D7, U7, D8 and U8 are co-located (e.g. at area "4").
[0055] In the embodiment of Figure 7A, the antenna ports U1 and U7 (corresponding to the areas "1" and "4," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port UA
while antenna ports U2 and U8 (also corresponding to the areas "1" and "4,"
respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port UB. Additionally in Figure 7A, the antenna ports U3 and U5 (con' esponding to the areas "2" and "3,"
respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Uc while antenna ports U4 and U6 (also corresponding to the areas "2" and "3," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Up. The downlink antenna ports may be connected to the base station downlink ports in a like manner. In Figure 7A, the coverage areas are arranged to minimize the contiguous areas of coverage and to maximize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142.
while antenna ports U2 and U8 (also corresponding to the areas "1" and "4,"
respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port UB. Additionally in Figure 7A, the antenna ports U3 and U5 (con' esponding to the areas "2" and "3,"
respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Uc while antenna ports U4 and U6 (also corresponding to the areas "2" and "3," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Up. The downlink antenna ports may be connected to the base station downlink ports in a like manner. In Figure 7A, the coverage areas are arranged to minimize the contiguous areas of coverage and to maximize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142.
[0056] In the embodiment of Figure 7B, the antenna ports U1 and U3 (corresponding to the areas "1" and "2," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port UA
while antenna ports U2 and U4 (also corresponding to the areas "1" and "2,"
respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port UB. Additionally in Figure 7B, the antenna ports U5 and U7 (corresponding to the areas "3" and "4," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Up while antenna ports U6 and U8 (also corresponding to the areas "3" and "4," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Ug. The downlink antenna ports may be connected to the base station downlink ports in a like manner. In Figure 7B, the coverage areas are arranged to maximize the contiguous areas of coverage and to minimize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142.
while antenna ports U2 and U4 (also corresponding to the areas "1" and "2,"
respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port UB. Additionally in Figure 7B, the antenna ports U5 and U7 (corresponding to the areas "3" and "4," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Up while antenna ports U6 and U8 (also corresponding to the areas "3" and "4," respectively) may be connected to the base station uplink port Ug. The downlink antenna ports may be connected to the base station downlink ports in a like manner. In Figure 7B, the coverage areas are arranged to maximize the contiguous areas of coverage and to minimize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142.
[0057] Therefore, in Figures 7A-B, antennas are co-located in pairs, while the pairs are distributed. The pairs may be distributed to minimize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142 in order to minimize interference.
Alternatively, the pairs may be distributed at maximize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142 in order to maximize interference cancellation.
Alternatively, the pairs may be distributed at maximize boundaries between the coverage areas of different antenna units 142 in order to maximize interference cancellation.
[0058] The foregoing detailed description of the present invention is provided for the purposes of illustration and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (26)
1. A distributed antenna system comprising:
a base transceiver station having a plurality of output ports that generate a plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content, the different communication content being directed toward each of a plurality of mobile units and the base transceiver station having at least one uplink receive port that receives an uplink signal, the uplink signal including communication content received from at least one of the mobile units;
a plurality of distributed antenna units, each of which is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station, the plurality of distributed antenna units having coverage areas that are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping; and a signal routing apparatus for routing the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antenna units, such that each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna unit only transmits one of the downlink signals;
wherein the signal routing apparatus comprises a reconfigurable switch for selectively routing the downlink signals to the distributed antenna units; and wherein the distributed antenna system further comprises means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base transceiver station for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch.
a base transceiver station having a plurality of output ports that generate a plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content, the different communication content being directed toward each of a plurality of mobile units and the base transceiver station having at least one uplink receive port that receives an uplink signal, the uplink signal including communication content received from at least one of the mobile units;
a plurality of distributed antenna units, each of which is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station, the plurality of distributed antenna units having coverage areas that are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping; and a signal routing apparatus for routing the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antenna units, such that each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna unit only transmits one of the downlink signals;
wherein the signal routing apparatus comprises a reconfigurable switch for selectively routing the downlink signals to the distributed antenna units; and wherein the distributed antenna system further comprises means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base transceiver station for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch.
2. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the uplink signal includes communication content from each of the plurality of mobile units.
3. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the base transceiver comprises a plurality of receive ports that receive a plurality of uplink signals having overlapping frequencies, and containing different communication content received from each of the plurality of mobile units.
4. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch by doing at least one of:
sensing which of the output ports of the base transceiver station are active;
and sensing which of a plurality of uplink receive ports of the base transceiver station are active.
sensing which of the output ports of the base transceiver station are active;
and sensing which of a plurality of uplink receive ports of the base transceiver station are active.
5. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch by doing at least one of:
electrically sensing connections to the base stations; and mechanically sensing connections to the base stations.
electrically sensing connections to the base stations; and mechanically sensing connections to the base stations.
6. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch.
7. The distributed antenna system according to claim 6, wherein the reconfigurable switch comprises:
antenna downlink ports to couple the reconfigurable switch to the distributed antenna units and to communicate the downlink signals to the distributed antenna units; and antenna uplink ports to couple the reconfigurable switch to the distributed antenna units and to receive uplink signals from the distributed antenna units;
wherein the means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch by doing at least one of:
sensing which of the antenna downlink ports have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto; and sensing which of the antenna uplinks ports have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto.
antenna downlink ports to couple the reconfigurable switch to the distributed antenna units and to communicate the downlink signals to the distributed antenna units; and antenna uplink ports to couple the reconfigurable switch to the distributed antenna units and to receive uplink signals from the distributed antenna units;
wherein the means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch by doing at least one of:
sensing which of the antenna downlink ports have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto; and sensing which of the antenna uplinks ports have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto.
8. The distributed antenna system according to claim 6, wherein the means for reconfiguring the reconfigurable switch automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the reconfigurable switch by doing at least one of: electrically sensing connections to the distributed antenna units; and mechanically sensing connections to the distributed antenna units.
9. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein downlink and uplink signals are one of: time division duplexed at each of the distributed antenna units and frequency division duplexed at each of the distributed antenna units.
10. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the distributed antenna units are located indoors.
11. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by a group of the distributed antenna units and the signal routing apparatus is configured to minimize boundaries between coverage areas of the groups of distributed antenna units.
12. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by a group of the distributed antenna units and the signal routing apparatus is configured to maximize boundaries between coverage areas of the groups of distributed antenna units.
13. The distributed antenna system according to claim 3, wherein the signal routing apparatus routes the uplink signals from the plurality of distributed antenna units to the plurality of receive ports of the base transceiver station such that each of the plurality of uplink signals are received from a group of the distributed antenna units.
14. The distributed antenna system according to claim 13, wherein the signal routing apparatus is configured to maximize boundaries between coverage areas of the groups of distributed antenna units.
15. The distributed antenna system according to claim 13, wherein the signal routing apparatus is configured to minimize boundaries between coverage areas of the groups of distributed antenna units.
16. The distributed antenna system according to claim 1, further comprising at least one co-located antenna, the co-located antenna being co-located with one of the distributed antenna units and the co-located antenna transmitting a different one of the downlink signals from that transmitted by the distributed antenna unit with which the co-located antenna is co-located.
17. A distributed antenna system comprising:
a plurality of distributed antenna units; and a multi-port hub comprising:
a first interface for connection to a base station of a telecommunications system, the first interface comprising a plurality of downlink ports for receiving a plurality of downlink signals from the base transceiver station and a plurality of uplink ports for sending uplink signals to the base transceiver station, the plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content;
a second interface having downlink ports for sending the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antenna units and a plurality of uplink ports for receiving the uplink signals from the plurality of distributed antenna units; and means for reconfiguring the hub among a plurality of predetermined configurations, each configuration routing one or more downlink ports of the first interface to a selected group of the downlink ports of the second interface and routing a selected group of the uplink ports of the second interface to one or more of the uplink ports of the first interface and, for each configuration, the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna unit only transmits one of the downlink signals; and wherein each of the plurality of distributed antenna units is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station; and wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations.
a plurality of distributed antenna units; and a multi-port hub comprising:
a first interface for connection to a base station of a telecommunications system, the first interface comprising a plurality of downlink ports for receiving a plurality of downlink signals from the base transceiver station and a plurality of uplink ports for sending uplink signals to the base transceiver station, the plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content;
a second interface having downlink ports for sending the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antenna units and a plurality of uplink ports for receiving the uplink signals from the plurality of distributed antenna units; and means for reconfiguring the hub among a plurality of predetermined configurations, each configuration routing one or more downlink ports of the first interface to a selected group of the downlink ports of the second interface and routing a selected group of the uplink ports of the second interface to one or more of the uplink ports of the first interface and, for each configuration, the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antenna units and each distributed antenna unit only transmits one of the downlink signals; and wherein each of the plurality of distributed antenna units is located at a respective location that is remote from the base transceiver station; and wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations.
18. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations by doing at least one of:
sensing which of the downlink ports of the first interface are active; and sensing which of the uplinks ports of the first interface are active.
sensing which of the downlink ports of the first interface are active; and sensing which of the uplinks ports of the first interface are active.
19. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the base station for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations by doing at least one of:
electrically sensing connections to the base stations; and mechanically sensing connections to the base stations.
electrically sensing connections to the base stations; and mechanically sensing connections to the base stations.
20. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations.
21. The distributed antenna system according to claim 20, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations by doing at least one of:
sensing which of the downlink ports of the second interface have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto; and sensing which of the uplinks ports of the second interface have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto.
sensing which of the downlink ports of the second interface have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto; and sensing which of the uplinks ports of the second interface have a distributed antenna unit connected thereto.
22. The distributed antenna system according to claim 20, wherein the means for reconfiguring automatically senses connections to the distributed antenna units for use in configuring the hub among the plurality of predetermined configurations by doing at least one of: electrically sensing connections to the distributed antenna units; and mechanically sensing connections to the distributed antenna units.
23. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, there being four uplink and four downlink ports of the first interface.
24. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, there being eight uplink and eight downlink ports of the second interface.
25. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, further comprising the base station and the base station configured for parallel uplink and downlink signals.
26. The distributed antenna system according to claim 17, wherein the number of uplink ports of the second interface is greater than the number of uplink ports of the first interface.
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2007
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JP2010532630A (en) | 2010-10-07 |
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CA2691504A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
JP5258881B2 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
US8532698B2 (en) | 2013-09-10 |
EP2165550A4 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
CN101803231A (en) | 2010-08-11 |
US20090005096A1 (en) | 2009-01-01 |
US8010116B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
US20110244785A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
CN104243004B (en) | 2018-11-13 |
WO2009002331A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
US8229497B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
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