CN100345049C - 液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN100345049C
CN100345049C CNB031327818A CN03132781A CN100345049C CN 100345049 C CN100345049 C CN 100345049C CN B031327818 A CNB031327818 A CN B031327818A CN 03132781 A CN03132781 A CN 03132781A CN 100345049 C CN100345049 C CN 100345049C
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liquid crystal
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alignment films
phase compensation
crystal layer
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CN1495490A (zh
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徐东瀣
朴荣一
金熙哲
沈桓秀
李元键
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Hydis Technologies Co Ltd
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    • G02F1/1396Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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    • G02F2413/00Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
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Abstract

本发明提供的液晶显示装置包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对于上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,上述下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为-10~20°,上述上部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为40~55°,上述液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.24~0.27μm,上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4的相位补偿功能并且其光轴相对于水平线为140~146°,上述偏振片的吸收轴相对于水平线为102~122.5°。

Description

液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液晶显示装置,更详细的说,本发明涉及一种通过优化特性参数来提高显示特性从而改善工艺裕度(margin)的液晶显示装置。
背景技术
液晶显示装置区分为一种使用光源作为背照光的透射型液晶显示装置,不使用背照光、使用自然光的反射型液晶显示装置以及根据需要选择背照光和自然光的反透射型液晶显示装置。
其中,不用背照光的反射型液晶显示装置耗电量低、薄、轻,也就是说能够在携带显示装置中广泛使用,使得携带电话和携带装置的市场扩大、需求逐步增加。
这种反射型液晶显示装置是由以下构成要素按顺序叠加构成:下部基板,反射电极,下部取向膜,液晶层,上部取向膜,上部透明电极,滤色片,上部基板,相位补偿膜和偏振片等。
液晶显示装置按动作模式可分为TN(Twisted Nematic)型,GH(GuestHost)型,ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence)型,OCB(OpticallyCompensated Birefringence)型等。
在这里,TN型液晶显示装置广泛应用于手提电脑和测量装置上,但有响应速度慢的缺点。ECB型液晶显示装置具有感应方式,通过液晶盒复折射率变化使得光透射率发生变化,例如HAN(Hybrid-Aligned Nematic)模式液晶显示装置就是其代表实例。因为上述HAN模式的液晶显示装置具有工作电压低,响应速度快的优点,所以对它的研究一直非常活跃。
下面简要说明反射型液晶显示装置的结构及其图像显示。
图1是现有的反射型液晶显示装置的简略的剖面图。如图所示,现有反射型液晶显示装置具有如下结构:具有反射电极2和下部取向膜3的下部基板1与具有滤色片5和上部取向膜6的上部基板4之间在夹有液晶层10的条件下对置,在上述上部基板4外侧面上顺序贴附相位补偿膜例如λ/4膜7和偏振片8。上述反射电极2通过平板印刷或全息照相工艺等使其表面凹凸。
这种反射型液晶显示装置,在不施加电压时,通过偏振片的线偏振光的光通过相位补偿膜之后改变为圆形偏振,例如:左圆偏振光,上述光从液晶层通过时,再改变为线形偏振并由反射电极反射。同样情况,由反射电极反射的线偏振光的光,再通过液晶层,改变为左圆偏振光后,通过相位补偿膜,变形为偏振方向与偏振片的偏振轴相平行的线偏振光,通过偏振片,由此,呈现白(white)的状态。
再有,在施加电压时,反射型液晶显示装置,通过偏振片和相位补偿膜变换为左圆偏振光的光没有发生改变,照原样通过液晶层,通过反射电极反射改变为右圆偏振,再通过液晶层和相位补偿膜,变换为偏振方向与偏振片的偏振轴垂直的线偏振光,不能通过偏振片,由此,呈黑(dark)的状态。
在这种反射型液晶显示装置中,其优良的显示画面的获得是使上述各组成要素的特性值的最佳化的结果。换言之,为了增加反射型液晶显示装置中的高圆效的发射效率,就必须使偏振片的吸收轴或透射轴角度、相位补偿膜的光学特性、液晶层的厚度(d)、液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)、液晶扭转角度、取向膜的取向角度以及反射板特性等最佳化。
例如:在现有的反射型液晶显示装置中,通过以下设置来获得优良显示画面:使用1片或2片λ/4膜7,使上部取向膜6的取向角度与下部取向膜3的取向角度成90°、而且使偏振片8的透射轴与上部取向膜6的取向角度成20°,同时与λ/4膜7的光轴角度为45°。此时,将液晶的扭转角和液晶层的相位延迟值分别调节为63~80°,0.20~0.27μm左右。
但是,现有反射型液晶显示装置为了使盒设计最佳化,在使用2枚λ/4膜时,导致反射率的下降;相反,使用1枚λ/膜时,在可视波长的宽广区域中,就不能提供或实现产生λ/4相位差的功能,因而存在显示特性差的问题。
再有,因为现有的反射型液晶显示装置为了得到优良的显示画面而盒的间隙设计得很小,所以导致实际工序中成品率降低的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高显示特性的液晶显示装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种确保充分的盒间隙从而具有改善的工艺裕度的液晶显示装置。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供一种液晶显示装置,包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:上述下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为-10~20°,上述上部取向膜取向角相对于水平线为40~55°,上述液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.24~0.27μm,上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4的相位补偿功能并且光轴相对于水平线形成140~146°角,上述偏振片的吸收轴相对于水平线形成102~122.5°角。
上述液晶层由60°扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成。
其次,本发明提供一种液晶显示装置,包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:上述下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为0~10°,上述上部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为55~65°,上述液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.23~0.27μm,上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4的相位补偿功能并且光轴相对于水平线形成160~168°角,上述偏振片吸收轴相对于水平线形成117.5~127.5°角。
上述液晶层由76°扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成。
如上所述,本发明提供一种液晶显示装置,包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:上述下部取向膜取向角相对于水平线为0~10°,上述上部取向膜取向角相对于水平线为50~56°,上述液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.17~0.21μm,上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4的相位补偿功能并且光轴相对于水平线形成135~145角°,上述偏振片吸收轴相对于水平线形成62~66°角。
上述液晶层由53°扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成。
本发明提供一种液晶显示装置,包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上能将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:上述下部取向膜是具有80~90°和2°以下中之一的自由倾角、其取向角度相对于水平线成-40~-50°的垂直取向膜,上述上部取向膜是具有与垂直取向膜的下部取向膜的自由倾角相反的2以下°和80~90°中之一的自由倾角、取向角度相对于水平线为40~50°的水平取向膜,上述液晶层根据是否施加电压时来变换透射光的相位的HAN模式液晶层,上述HAN模式液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.36~0.40μm,上述相位补偿功能膜具有λ/4相位补偿功能,其光轴相对于水平线为167~173°和7~13°之一,上述偏振片透射轴与水平线形成42~48°角。
上述HAN模式液晶层由90°的扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成,上述相位补偿膜具有0.14~0.15μm的相位补偿延迟值。
换句话说,本发明提供一种液晶显示装置,其特征如下:包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上能将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜,和附着在上述的相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:上述下部取向膜通过其单位像素一分为二,在第1区域进行垂直或水平的取向处理,在第2区域与第1区域相反地进行水平或垂直的取向处理,取向角度与水平线为-40~-50°;上述上部取向膜与下部取向膜相反地,通过使其单位像素一分为二,在第1区域进行水平或垂直的取向处理,在第2区域进行垂直或水平的取向处理,取向角度与水平线为40~50°,上述液晶层是根据是否施加电场来变换透射光的相位的HAN模式的液晶层,上述HAN模式液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.36~0.40μm,上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4相位补偿功能,并且其光轴相对于水平线形成167~173°角,上述偏振片的透射轴相对于水平线为42~48°。
完成上述垂直或水平取向处理,以得到2°以下和80~90°中之一的自由倾角。上述HAN模式液晶层由扭转角90°的扭转向列液晶构成。上述相位补偿膜的相位补偿延迟值是0.14~0.15μm。
其次,本发明液晶显示装置包括:区分反射区域和透射区域并在上述反射区域中具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜、夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间插入的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:上述下部取向膜在反射区域进行垂直或水平取向处理,,在透射区域与反射区域相反地进行水平或垂直取向处理,取向角度相对水平线成-40~-50°。上述上部取向膜与反射区域相反地在反射区域进行水平或垂直的取向处理,在透射区域与反射区域相反地进行垂直或水平的取向处理,取向角度与水平线成40~50°,上述液晶层,在反射区域夹入的是HAN模式液晶层、在透射区域夹入的是TN模式液晶层,上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4相位补偿功能,并且其光轴相对于水平线形成167~173°角,上述偏振片的透射轴相对于水平线形成42~48°角。
完成上述垂直或水平取向处理,以达到具有2°以下和80~90°中之一的自由倾角,上述HAN模式液晶层和TN模式液晶层由扭转角90°的扭转向列液晶构成。上述HAN模式液晶层和TN模式液晶层的相位补偿延迟值是0.36~0.40μm。上述相位补偿膜的相位补偿延迟值是0.14~0.15μm。
本发明液晶显示装置具有如下结构:具有表面凹凸的反射电极和下部取向膜的下部基板、和具有滤色片和上部取向膜的上部基板在夹置液晶层的状态下相对配置,在上述上部基板的外侧面上附着将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜,在上述相位补偿膜上附着将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片。
在这里,下部和上部基板的厚度和折射率分别为0.4~0.7t、1.5左右,上部基板相对电极厚度和折射率是1500和1.7左右,上部取向膜的厚度和折射率为750和1.6左右,AINd材料的反射电极的厚度为1500左右。
为了更有效地使液晶分子取向,考虑与液晶的亲和性及基板的黏结性,上述下部和上部取向膜由聚酰氨基酸(polyamic acid)系列构成。
上述相位补偿膜是由一片λ/4膜构成。制作上述λ/4膜,以使聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinylachole)或聚苯乙烯(polystyrene)等的高分子膜具有特定的轴向延伸相位差。
还有,本发明的液晶显示装置通过调节构成要素的各种特性值来构成最优化的盒,由此这种液晶显示装置具有良好的明亮度、高的对比度的比和良好的色特性,并且实现了高反射率的优良显示画面、而且改善了盒间隙的工艺裕度。
已经列举了由上述优选的构成盒的参数:偏振片的吸收轴或透射轴角度、构成λ/4膜的两个双折射率膜的光轴角、液晶层的相位延迟值和取向膜的取向角。
通过以下的参照本发明优选实施例的说明,本发明的上述目的和其它特征以及优点将变得明显。
附图说明
图1是说明现有的液晶显示装置的剖面图。
图2是说明本发明实施例的液晶显示装置的各个构成要素的轴线排列的图。
图3同样是表示本发明的实施例的液晶显示装置的各个构成要素的轴线排列的示意图。
图4同样是表示本发明的实施例的液晶显示装置的各个构成要素的轴线排列的示意图。
图5是用于说明本发明实施例的液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率特性的曲线图。
图6同样是同样是说明本发明的实施例的液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率特性的曲线图。
图7同样是说明本发明的实施例的液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率特性的曲线图。
图8是盒间隙与反射率关系的曲线图。
图9是表示本发明的其他实施例的液晶显示装置的各组成要素的轴线排列图。
图10同样是本发明其他实施例的液晶显示装置的各组成要素的轴线排列图。
图11同样是表示本发明其他实施例的液晶显示装置的各组成要素的轴排列图。
图12是用于说明本发明其他实施例的液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率关系特性的曲线图。
图13是说明本发明的多畴(multi-domain)扭转HAN模式液晶显示装置的剖面图。
图14是说明本发明的扭转HAN模式和TN模式混用的反透射型液晶显示装置的剖面图。
符号说明:
30,40下部基板
31,41反射电极
32,42下部取向膜
33,43上部基板
34,44滤色片
35,45上部取向膜
37,47扭转HAN模式液晶层
48TN模式液晶层
具体实施方式
下面参照附图所示详细地说明本发明所希望的实施例。
实施例1
按照构成优选盒的本发明第1实施例的构成要素的特性值如下那样。
[例1]
液晶层由扭转角为60°的TN液晶形成。当上述液晶层的相位延迟值为0.24~0.27μm时,可以获得盒间隙裕度大、对比度以及色彩特性优秀的液晶显示装置。
此时,构成优选盒的下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为-10~-20°、上部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为40~55°、λ/4膜的光轴为140~146°、还有偏振片的吸收轴为102~122.5°。
图2示出了各个构成要素的轴线排列图。附图符号a表示下部基板的摩擦轴线,即下部取向膜的取向角;b表示上部基板的摩擦(rubing)轴线,即上部取向膜的取向角;c表示λ/4膜的光轴,还有d表示偏振片的吸收轴。
[例2]
液晶层由扭转角为76°的TN液晶形成。当上述液晶层的相位延迟值为0.23~0.27μm时,可以获得盒间隙裕度大、对比度的比以及色彩特性优秀的反射型液晶显示装置。
此时,构成最优化盒的下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为0~10°、上部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为55~65°、λ/4膜的光轴为160~168°、还有偏振片的吸收轴为117~127.5°。
图3示出了各个构成要素的轴线排列图。附图符号a表示下部基板的摩擦轴线,即下部取向膜的取向角;b表示表示部基板的摩擦轴线,即上部取向膜的取向角;c表示λ/4膜的光轴,还有d表示偏振片的吸收轴。
[例3]
液晶层由扭转角为53°的TN液晶形成。当上述液晶层的相位延迟值为0.17~0.21μm时,可以获得盒间隙裕度大、对比度的比以及色彩特性优秀的反射型液晶显示装置。
此时,能构成最佳盒的下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为0~10°、上部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为50~56°、λ/4膜的光轴为135~145°角、还有偏振片的吸收轴为62~66°角。
图4示出了各个构成要素的轴线排列图。附图符号a表示下部基板的摩擦轴线,即下部取向膜的取向角;b表示上部基板的摩擦轴线,即上部取向膜的取向角;c表示λ/4膜的光轴,还有d表示偏振片的吸收轴。
另一方面,在上述的例子中,当液晶的扭转角为60°时、设计的上部取向膜的取向角与偏振片的透射轴之间的角为28~32°,而在液晶的扭转角为76°时为31.5~37.5°。
如上所述,本发明将液晶扭转角设计为50°、63°以及76°,此时的液晶层的相位延迟值被分别调节为0.24~0.27μm、0.23~0.27μm及0.17~0.21μm,通过适当调节取向膜的取向角、λ/4膜的光轴以及偏振片的吸收或透射轴,可以获得更良好显示画面的液晶显示装置。此外,本发明的液晶显示装置具有大略3.6~4.0μm左右的盒间隙,因此,与具有2.9~3.5μm左右的盒间隙的现有技术相比,本发明的液晶显示装置具有改善了的工艺裕度的结构。
图5至图7是说明相对于电压的反射率特性曲线的图,图5表示日本松下公司反射型液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率特性的曲线图,图6和图7是表示液晶扭转角分别为60°、70°的本发明的反射型液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率特性的曲线图。
如图5所示,日本松下公司EI反射型液晶显示装置在施加电压时不完全变黑,相反,如图6和图7示出了本发明的反射型液晶显示装置在施加电压时变成黑状态。由此可知:本发明的液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率关系特性优于日本松下公司的液晶显示装置。
并且,本发明的液晶显示装置在相同水平的对比度的场合下,能够使用低的驱动电压。
结论是,本发明第1实施例所述的液晶显示装置,其设计为液晶扭转角为76°,液晶层相位延迟值为0.25μm,并且,液晶层的盒间隙为3.6μm,因此能够获得良好的显示画面,同时,通过增加盒间隙可容易地用于实际工艺。
实施例2
能构成优选盒的本发明第2实施例的构成要素特性值如下所示。
液晶层是根据是否施加电压而使透射光的相位发生变化的HAN模式的液晶层。这种HAN模式液晶层由具有90°扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成。上述HAN模式液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.36~0.40μm、偏振片的透射轴为42~48°、相位补偿膜的λ/4膜的光轴为167~173°。
下部取向膜是具有80~90°或2°以下的自由倾角的垂直取向膜,具有相对于水平线呈-40~-50°的取向角。上部取向膜是与垂直取向膜的下部取向膜相反,为具有80~90°或2°以下的自由倾角的水平取向膜,具有相对于水平线呈-40~-50°的取向角。
相位补偿膜具有0.14~0.15μm的相位补偿延迟值。
图8示出相对于间隙的反射率的特性曲线。如图所示,可以看出,反射率最大时,盒间隙约为5.6μm。
图9和图11是表示本发明第2实施例的反射型HAN模式液晶显示装置的各组成要素的轴线排列图。附图标记a表示下部基板的摩擦轴线,附图标记b表示上部基板的摩擦轴线,附图标记c表示相位膜的光轴,以及附图标记d表示偏振片的透射轴。
图10和图12是分别用来说明图9和图11的反射型HAN模式液晶显示装置的相对于电压的反射率特性的曲线图。
首先,如图9所示,液晶的扭转角是90°,水平取向膜的下部取向角的自由倾角是0.2°,垂直取向膜的上部取向角的自由倾角是80~90°,λ/4膜的光轴是167~173°,偏振片的透射轴角度是42~48°。此时,电压相对于反射率特性如图10所示。
其次,如图11所示,设液晶的扭转角是90°,垂直取向膜的下部取向膜的自由倾角是0.2°,水平取向膜的上部取向膜的自由倾角是80~90°,λ/4膜的光轴是7~13°,偏振片的透射轴角度是42~48°。此时,相对于电压的反射率特性如图12所示。
如上所述,本发明第2实施例的液晶显示装置采用HAN模式液晶层,可相互相反地调节下部取向角和上部取向膜的自由倾角,并通过适当地调节λ/4膜的光轴和偏振片的透射角,能获得最合适的盒。特别是,因为能比以前的实施例来更大地设计盒间隙,所以能保证进一步地改善工艺裕度。
实施例3
图13是说明本发明第3实施例多区域扭转HAN模式的液晶显示装置的剖面图。
如图所示,具有反射电极31的下部基板30和具有滤色片34的上部基板33在夹置液晶层37的状态下相对配置。在上述反射电极31上形成下部取向膜32。上述下部取向膜32通过将单位像素一分为2,在第1区域进行垂直或水平取向处理,在第2区域与第1区域相反地进行水平或垂直取向处理。在上述滤色片33上形成上部取向膜35。上述上部取向膜35与下部取向膜32相反,在第1区域中进行水平或垂直取向处理,在第2区域与第1区域相反地进行垂直或水平取向处理。
设上述下部取向膜32和上部取向膜36的各自的取向角相对于水平线为-40~-50°和40~50°。还有,为了使上述下部取向膜32和上部取向膜36有预定的自由倾角,要进行垂直或水平的取向处理,此时,自由倾角相互反向,形成在2°以下和80~90°中之一范围内的自由倾角。
上述液晶层37由根据是否施加电场而使透射光的相位变换的扭转HAN模式液晶层构成。上述扭转HAN模式液晶层37由具有90°扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成,具有0.36~0.40μm相位延迟值(dΔn)。
虽然图中未示出,但在上部基板33的外侧面上附着将线偏振光转换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜的λ/4膜,并在上述λ/4膜上附着将从外部入射的自然光转换为线偏振光的偏振片。此时,上述具有0.14~0.15μm的相位补偿延迟值,并具有相对于水平方向167~173°的光轴。上述偏振片具有42~48°的透射轴。
实施例4
图14是说明本发明的第4实施例的扭转HAN和TN模式的混合反射透射型液晶显示装置的剖面图。
如图所示,将单位像素分为反射区域和透射区域。在相当于反射区域中的下部基板40部分上形成反射电极41。相对于上述下部基板40配置具有滤色片44的上部基板43。
在包括上述反射电极41的下部基板40上形成下部取向膜42。上述下部取向膜42在反射区域进行垂直或水平取向处理,在透射区域与反射区域相反地进行水平或垂直取向处理。在上述滤色片44上形成上部取向膜45。上述上部取向膜45与下部取向膜42相反地在反射区域中进行水平或垂直取向处理,在透射区域与反射区域相反地进行垂直或水平取向处理,
使上述下部取向膜32和上部取向膜36的取向角相对于水平线分别为-40~-50°和40~50°。还有,为了使上述下部取向膜32和上部取向膜36具有预定的自由倾角,进行垂直或水平取向处理,此时,使自由倾角具有相互反向的在2°以下和80~90°中之一的范围。
上述下部基板40和上部基板43之间夹置液晶层47、48。上述液晶层47、48由两种液晶模式,即由扭转HAN模式液晶层47和TN模式液晶层48构成。上述扭转HAN模式液晶层47夹在反射区域,而TN模式液晶层48夹在透射区域。上述扭转HAN模式液晶层47和TN模式液晶层48由具有90°扭转角的扭转向列液晶构成,相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.36~0.40μm。
虽然图中未示出,但在上部基板外侧面上附着λ/4膜作为相位补偿膜,在上述λ/4膜上附着偏振片。此时,上述λ/4膜具有0.14~0.15μm的相位补偿延迟值,具有相对于水平线形成167~173°角的光轴。上述偏振片具有42~48°的透射轴。
另一方面,如图所示,如设反射区域液晶层的厚度为d,则将透射区域的盒间隙设计为d×2,使反射区域和透射区域具有相同的相位延迟值(dΔn)。
还有,使用同一液晶折射率(Δn)时,将驱动TN模式的透射区域的反射电极与相对电极的间距设计约为4.8μm,将驱动扭转HAN模式的反射区域的反射电极与相对电极间距设计略为5.6μm。此时,偏振片的吸收轴相同地配置。总之,可以通过向上部基板或下部基板提供凹陷和凸起的台阶差值来控制盒间隙。
如以上所述,本发明提供一种良好地显示画面地液晶显示装置,通过使该液晶显示器装置的液晶盒设计最优化,能够随着电压而提高反射率,由此获得高的对比度以及色特性。
而且,由于使本发明的盒间隙比现有技术的液晶显示器装置的盒间隙增加,而能提高工艺裕度,从而能提高制造效率。
此外,能够在不脱离本发明的主要精神范围内实施多种变更。

Claims (1)

1、一种液晶显示装置,包括:具有反射电极的下部基板、在该下部基板上形成的下部取向膜、相对上述下部基板配置的具有滤色片的上部基板、在该上部基板上形成的上部取向膜,夹在上述下部基板和上部基板之间的液晶层、附着在上述上部基板的外侧面上将线偏振光变换为圆偏振光的相位补偿膜、和附着在上述相位补偿膜上将从外部入射的自然光变换为线偏振光的偏振片,其特征在于:
上述下部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为-10~20°,
上述上部取向膜的取向角相对于水平线为40~55°,
上述液晶层的相位延迟值(dΔn)为0.24~0.27μm,
上述相位补偿膜具有λ/4的相位补偿功能并且其光轴相对于水平线为140~146°,
上述偏振片的吸收轴相对于水平线为102~122.5°,
上述液晶层由扭转角60°的扭转向列液晶构成。
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