CN100388846C - Downlink beamforming method in mobile communication intelligent antenna system - Google Patents
Downlink beamforming method in mobile communication intelligent antenna system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a downlink wave beam forming method in a mobile communication intelligent antenna system, which is obviously characterized in that a weighting vector of downlink wave beam forming is adjusted by a base station according to the quality measurement of a received downlink signal by a mobile station and returning information which is returned to the base station by a mobile station. The method of the present invention has the advantages that the present invention has low requirements for the conformance of receiving channels of a wireless receiver and a transmitter and amplitudes and phases of a transmitting channel, can be suitable for a wireless communication environment with an uplink characteristic, a downlink characteristic and no reciprocity, and has strong ability to be suitable for a wireless environment. Besides, because no strict correction of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel is needed, the present invention has the obvious advantages of simple structure, low cost and high reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel downlink beamforming method, relate in particular to the downlink beamforming method in the wireless mobile communications antenna system.
The present invention is applicable to adopt in FDD-TDMA/CDMA (Frequency DivisionDuplex-Time Division Multiple Access/Code Division Multiple Access) (hereinafter to be referred as FDD-TDMA/CDMA) smart antenna to carry out all systems of downlink beamforming, is particularly useful for TD SDMA (Tine Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) (hereinafter to be referred as TD-SCDMA) and WCDMA/time division duplex (Wideband Code Division MultipleAccess/Time Division Duplex) (hereinafter to be referred as the WCDMA/TDD) system in the present 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system).
Background technology
As a kind of cell mobile communication systems, several interference and noise below in the TD-SCDMA mobile communication system, existing:
1, owing in same time slot, may exist a plurality of Code Channels to transmit simultaneously, under the mobile channel condition, orthogonality between the Code Channel will partly or entirely be destroyed, therefore between the receiving terminal Code Channel, can form multiple access and disturb (Multiple Access Interference is called for short MAI);
2, because the multipath transmisstion of signal can form intersymbol interference (Inter-SymbolInterference is called for short ISI) at receiving terminal;
3, the thermal noise of receiver;
4, from the interference of other sub-district;
5, above 4 kinds of other interference in addition.
The demodulation performance of TD-SCDMA mobile communication system is generally by satisfying certain service quality (Quality of Service, abbreviation QoS) the needed signal interference ratio of receiver (Signal toInterference Ratio the time, be called for short SIR) or signal to noise ratio (Signal to Noise Ratio is called for short SNR) expression.Owing in the honeycomb CDMA mobile communication system, disturb to have the statistical property of similar white noise, therefore generally no longer strict the differentiation disturbed and noise.In order to obtain good demodulation performance, require demodulating algorithm to have very strong interference rejection capability.Inhibition ability to interference is strong more, and then the performance of system is just good more, and its spectrum utilization efficiency that can provide is just high more.Therefore, interference mitigation technology becomes the key factor that improves the TD-SCDMA performance of mobile communication system.
Intelligent antenna technology is a kind of method that suppresses to disturb, particularly for the such tdd systems of TD-SCDMA mobile communication system, because the frequency of its uplink and downlink link is identical, and the Duplex Spacing of uplink and downlink link is 5 milliseconds, therefore the nature of radio propagation of uplink and downlink link has higher reciprocity, and this carries out down beam shaping for the up received signal of TD-SCDMA mobile communication intelligent antenna system smart antenna using provides certain advantage.
Application number is the method that 97104039.7 Chinese patent has proposed a kind of downlink beamforming, be in existing TD-SCDMA mobile communication intelligent antenna system, utilize the reciprocity of uplink and downlink link, the base station is according to the angle of arrival (DirectionOfArrival) (hereinafter to be referred as DOA) of the upward signal estimating uplink that receives, with the DOA of the up link estimated DOA, calculate the wave beam forming weighing vector of down link then as downlink transmission.In addition, application number is the method that 99101293.3 and 01131664.0 Chinese patent has also proposed downlink beamforming similar to the above.
But there are following two problems in above-mentioned prior art scheme:
1, because down beam shaping has used absolute direction information, coherence request to receive path and transmission channel is very high, require receive path and transmission channel must satisfy the consistency of amplitude and phase place simultaneously, because the receive path and the transmission channel of wireless receiver and transmitter have time variation, and because the influence of many factors such as ambient temperature, device aging, the consistency that keeps the amplitude of the receive path of wireless receiver and transmitter and transmission channel and phase place any time is difficulty very;
2, in some cases, the reciprocity of uplink and downlink link is false, and the DOA of up link that causes utilizing estimation is as the actual direction of the deviation in driction travelling carriage of downlink beamforming.Above problem makes existing downlink beamforming technical scheme must pay high cost could satisfy performance requirement, even can't satisfy performance requirement.Therefore the prior art scheme has very big deficiency and limitation.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, what exist in the solution prior art requires height, technical problems such as the invalid wireless propagation environment of incompatibility uplink and downlink link reciprocity to the receive path of wireless receiver and transmitter and the amplitude and the phase equalization of transmission channel.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of be applicable to multiple cellular mobile communication standard efficiently, fast, the method for downlink beamforming cheaply, it mainly is: in the base station of adopting smart antenna according to the DOA that receives from the signal estimating received signal of travelling carriage; The weighing vector that transmits to this travelling carriage is calculated according to the DOA of above-mentioned estimating received signal in above-mentioned base station, and is that initial weighing vector carries out wave beam forming with this weighing vector; Adjust this weighing vector on a scope intercycle ground that with above-mentioned initial weighing vector is the center; The quality of above-mentioned moving table measuring received signal, and give the base station with measurement feedback, weighing vector to the wave beam forming of travelling carriage is determined according to the quality of the received signal of travelling carriage feedback in the base station; In the whole communication process of travelling carriage and base station, the quality of received signal is periodically measured and fed back to travelling carriage, the base station makes received signal quality the best of travelling carriage according to the dynamic weighing vector of adjusting the wave beam forming of travelling carriage of the quality of the received signal of travelling carriage feedback.
Downlink beamforming method in a kind of mobile communication intelligent antenna system of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step 1: adopt the DOA of the base station of smart antenna according to the uplink signal estimating uplink signal of the travelling carriage emission that receives;
Step 2: above-mentioned base station is the initial value DOAini of downlink beamforming DOA with the DOA of the uplink signal of the above-mentioned estimation inceptive direction as downlink beamforming, calculates the weighing vector of initial beam figuration;
Step 3: above-mentioned base station is being in the adjusting range at center with this benchmark with the weighing vector of the above-mentioned initial beam figuration benchmark as downlink beamforming, at each adjustment cycle to the weighing vector adjustment of downlink beamforming once;
Step 4: the quality of the down link received signal that above-mentioned moving table measuring receives, and the feedback fields by uplink frame structures at each feedback cycle to the above-mentioned base station feedback quality of this down link received signal once, and the weighing vector of the quality and the corresponding wave beam inborn nature thereof of this down link received signal is write down in above-mentioned base station;
Step 5: when the DOA of above-mentioned downlink beamforming is not in above-mentioned adjusting range, the quality of the down link received signal that above-mentioned base station feeds back according to above-mentioned travelling carriage is carried out downlink beamforming with the weighing vector of best downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage.
Wherein, the adjusting range in the above-mentioned steps 3 is [DOAini-θ, DOAini+ θ], and wherein parameter θ determines that by wireless propagation environment its span is 0≤θ≤α, and α is relevant with the antenna type of above-mentioned base station; Feedback cycle in the above-mentioned steps 4 is included in the adjustment cycle in the above-mentioned steps 3, and it is determined by wireless propagation environment.
In above-mentioned each adjustment cycle, above-mentioned steps 3 and step 4 are carried out successively and are specifically comprised as follows:
1) in first adjustment cycle, the weighing vector that calculates the pairing downlink beamforming of DOAini-θ in the above-mentioned adjusting range carries out downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage;
2) quality of the down link received signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to above-mentioned base station, and the weighing vector of the quality and the corresponding wave beam inborn nature thereof of this down link received signal is write down in above-mentioned base station;
3) in second adjustment cycle, on the basis of above-mentioned DOAini-θ, increase by one and adjust step delta, promptly with DOAini-θ+Δ as a wave beam forming direction, the weighing vector that recomputates the pairing downlink beamforming of DOAini-θ+Δ carries out downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage;
4) quality of the down link received signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to above-mentioned base station, and the weighing vector of the quality and the corresponding wave beam inborn nature thereof of this down link received signal is write down in above-mentioned base station;
5) in the 3rd adjustment cycle, on the basis of above-mentioned DOAini-θ+Δ, increase by one again and adjust step delta, promptly with DOAini-θ+2 Δs as a wave beam forming direction, the weighing vector that recomputates DOAini-θ+pairing downlink beamforming of 2 Δs carries out downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage;
6) quality of the down link received signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to above-mentioned base station, and the weighing vector of the quality and the corresponding wave beam inborn nature thereof of this down link received signal is write down in above-mentioned base station;
7) in each adjustment cycle, constantly increase and adjust step-length and repeat above-mentioned steps, surpass DOAini+ θ until the direction DOAini-of above-mentioned wave beam forming θ+n* Δ.
In addition, for the TD-SCDMA mobile communication system, can utilize simultaneous bias (Synchronisation Shift) (hereinafter to be referred as the SS) field that keeps in each uplink time slot structure to give above-mentioned base station with the quality feedback of the down link signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring.
Above-mentioned adjustment step delta can be fixed value or on-fixed value, and wherein when this adjustment step delta was fixed value, its span was 0.1 °≤Δ≤α; When this adjustment step delta was the on-fixed value, its span was 2 θ/N, and wherein the minimum value of above-mentioned N is 1, and maximum is unrestricted.
The method of the invention is to an operation steps of user, and all users are repeated the aforesaid operations step so that all users are carried out downlink beamforming.And in conjunction with the relevant measuring process of receiver, above-mentioned parameter θ, adjustment step delta, adjustment cycle and feedback cycle can dynamically be adjusted according to operational environment adaptively.
Compared with prior art, outstanding feature of the present invention is that the base station adjusts the weighing vector of downlink beamforming according to travelling carriage to the mass measurement of the down link signal that receives and the feedback information that feeds back to the base station, therefore adopts method of the present invention to have following effect:
The first, not high to the coherence request of the amplitude of the receive path of wireless receiver and transmitter and transmission channel and phase place;
The second, can adapt to the invalid wireless propagation environment of uplink and downlink link property reciprocity, it is strong to adapt to the wireless environment ability;
The 3rd, owing to do not need strict receive path and transmitting channel correction, have simple in structurely, cost is low, the remarkable advantage that reliability is high.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the concrete enforcement of the method for the invention is described in further detail.For those skilled in the art that, from the detailed description to the inventive method, above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention, feature and advantage will be apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the invention.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the enforcement of accompanying drawing method of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the invention.As shown in Figure 1, it mainly is: in the base station of adopting smart antenna according to the DOA that receives from the signal estimating received signal of travelling carriage; At first with the DOA of the above-mentioned estimating received signal initial value DOAini as downlink beamforming DOA, the weighing vector that calculates the pairing downlink beamforming of DOAini-θ carries out downlink beamforming to this travelling carriage; When next adjustment cycle arrives, on DOAini-θ basis, increase by one and adjust step delta as a new wave beam forming direction, recomputate the weighing vector of new wave beam forming, this travelling carriage is carried out downlink beamforming; Aspect travelling carriage, the quality of moving table measuring received signal, and give the base station with measurement feedback, the weighing vector of the quality of the received signal of base station record travelling carriage feedback and corresponding downlink beamforming thereof, aforesaid operations constantly repeats to reach DOAini+ θ up to new wave beam forming direction, and the base station is according to the weighing vector of determining from the quality of the received signal of travelling carriage feedback the wave beam forming of travelling carriage; In the whole communication process of travelling carriage and base station, the quality of received signal is periodically measured and fed back to travelling carriage, the base station makes received signal quality the best of travelling carriage according to the dynamic weighing vector of adjusting the wave beam forming of travelling carriage of the quality of the received signal of travelling carriage feedback.Its concrete implementation step is as follows:
Step 1: adopt the DOA of the base station of smart antenna according to the uplink signal estimating uplink signal of the travelling carriage emission that receives;
Step 2: the weighing vector of initial beam figuration is calculated with the DOA of the uplink signal of the above-mentioned estimation initial value DOAini as downlink beamforming DOA in the base station;
Step 3: the base station is with the weighing vector of the above-mentioned initial beam figuration benchmark as downlink beamforming, be in certain adjusting range at center with this benchmark, promptly the weighing vector of downlink beamforming is adjusted on [DOAini-θ, DOAini+ θ] intercycle ground; Wherein above-mentioned adjusting range determines that by wireless propagation environment its span is [DOAini-0 °, DOAini+0 °]～[DOAini-α, DOAini+ α], and α is relevant with the antenna for base station type; For omni-base station, α=180 °, for 3 sector base stations, α=60 °, in one embodiment, the value of above-mentioned adjusting range is [DOAini-0 °, DOAini+0 °]～[DOAini-10 a °, DOAini+10 °]; The adjustment cycle of the weighing vector of above-mentioned downlink beamforming is determined by wireless propagation environment, for WCDMA/FDD, WCDMA/TDD or TD-SCDMA mobile communication system, its minimum value is 1 time slot, maximum occurrences is unrestricted, in one embodiment, the span of above-mentioned adjustment cycle is 1 time slot～15 time slot; The adjustment step delta of above-mentioned downlink beamforming can be a fixed value, and its span is [0.1 a °～α], and in one embodiment, the value of above-mentioned adjustment step delta is 1 °; The step delta of the adjustment of above-mentioned downlink beamforming also can be non-fixed value, and its value is that scope is 2 θ/N, and wherein the minimum value of N is 1, and maximum occurrences is unrestricted, and in one embodiment, the N value is 2～10;
Step 4: travelling carriage is periodically measured the quality of the down link received signal of reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to the base station; For the TD-SCDMA mobile communication system, can utilize the SS field that keeps in each uplink time slot structure to give the base station with the quality feedback of the down link signal of moving table measuring; Wherein, feedback cycle is consistent with the adjustment cycle of the weighing vector of the wave beam forming of step 3, and is determined by wireless propagation environment; For WCDMA/FDD, WCDMA/TDD or TD-SCDMA mobile communication system, its minimum is 1 time slot of value, and maximum occurrences is unrestricted, and in one embodiment, the span of above-mentioned feedback cycle is 1 time slot～15 time slot;
Step 5: the quality of the down link received signal that the base station feeds back according to travelling carriage, with the weighing vector of best downlink beamforming travelling carriage is carried out downlink beamforming.
More than describe operation principle of the present invention in detail, but the example of this visualization of just lifting for the ease of understanding should not be considered to be limitation of the scope of the invention.Though what the present invention was primarily aimed at is the TD-SCDMA mobile communication system; but be applicable to the FDD-TDMA/CDMA mobile communication system that adopts similar transmission structure too; any person of ordinary skill in the field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; all can do a little change and improvement, but it all should belong to the protection range of claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the downlink beamforming method in the mobile communication intelligent antenna system is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: adopt the angle of arrival of the base station of smart antenna according to the uplink signal estimating uplink signal of the travelling carriage emission that receives;
Step 2: above-mentioned base station is the initial value DOAini of the downlink beamforming angle of arrival with the angle of arrival of the uplink signal of the above-mentioned estimation inceptive direction as downlink beamforming, calculates the weighing vector of initial beam figuration;
Step 3: above-mentioned base station is with the weighing vector of the above-mentioned initial beam figuration benchmark as downlink beamforming, be in the adjusting range at center with this benchmark, at each adjustment cycle once to the weighing vector adjustment of downlink beamforming, this adjusting range is [DOAini-θ, DOAini+ θ], wherein parameter θ is determined by wireless propagation environment, its span is 0≤θ≤α, and α is relevant with the antenna type of above-mentioned base station, begin to adjust from the direction DOAini-θ of wave beam forming, each adjustment cycle subsequently progressively increases the adjustment step value of direction of wave beam forming until surpassing DOAini+ θ;
Step 4: the quality of the down link received signal that above-mentioned moving table measuring receives, and the feedback fields by uplink frame structures at each feedback cycle to the above-mentioned base station feedback quality of this down link received signal once, and the quality of this down link received signal and the weighing vector of corresponding wave beam forming thereof are write down in above-mentioned base station;
Step 5: when the angle of arrival of above-mentioned downlink beamforming is not in above-mentioned adjusting range, the quality of the down link received signal that above-mentioned base station feeds back according to above-mentioned travelling carriage is carried out downlink beamforming with the weighing vector of best downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the feedback cycle in the above-mentioned steps 4 is consistent with the adjustment cycle in the above-mentioned steps 3, and it is determined by wireless propagation environment.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 3 and step 4 are carried out successively and specifically comprised in above-mentioned each adjustment cycle:
1) in first adjustment cycle, the weighing vector that calculates the pairing downlink beamforming of DOAini-θ in the above-mentioned adjusting range carries out downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage;
2) quality of the down link received signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to above-mentioned base station, and the quality of this down link received signal and the weighing vector of corresponding wave beam forming thereof are write down in above-mentioned base station;
3) in second adjustment cycle, on the basis of above-mentioned DOAini-θ, increase by one and adjust step delta, promptly with DOAini-θ+Δ as a wave beam forming direction, the weighing vector that recomputates the pairing downlink beamforming of DOAini-θ+Δ carries out downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage;
4) quality of the down link received signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to above-mentioned base station, and the quality of this down link received signal and the weighing vector of corresponding wave beam forming thereof are write down in above-mentioned base station;
5) in the 3rd adjustment cycle, on the basis of above-mentioned DOAini-θ+Δ, increase by one again and adjust step delta, promptly with DOAini-θ+2 Δs as a wave beam forming direction, the weighing vector that recomputates DOAini-θ+pairing downlink beamforming of 2 Δs carries out downlink beamforming to above-mentioned travelling carriage;
6) quality of the down link received signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring reception, and by the feedback fields of uplink frame structures it is fed back to above-mentioned base station, and the quality of this down link received signal and the weighing vector of corresponding wave beam forming thereof are write down in above-mentioned base station;
7) in each adjustment cycle subsequently, progressively increase the weighing vector of adjusting step value and calculating downlink beamforming, feed back to above-mentioned base station record, surpass DOAini+ θ until the direction DOAini-of above-mentioned wave beam forming θ+n* Δ, n is a natural number, refers to n+1 adjustment cycle.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that for TDS-CDMA mobile communication system, utilize the simultaneous bias field that keeps in each uplink time slot structure to give above-mentioned base station the quality feedback of the down link signal of above-mentioned moving table measuring.
5. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that above-mentioned adjustment step delta is fixed value or on-fixed value, and wherein when this adjustment step delta was fixed value, its span was 0.1 °≤Δ≤α; When this adjustment step delta was the on-fixed value, its span was 2 θ/N, and wherein the minimum value of above-mentioned N is 1, and maximum is unrestricted.
6. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that this method is to an operation steps of user, repeats the aforesaid operations step so that all users are carried out downlink beamforming to all users.
7. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that the relevant measuring process in conjunction with receiver, and above-mentioned parameter θ, adjustment step delta, adjustment cycle and feedback cycle can dynamically be adjusted according to operational environment adaptively.
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| CN104243007A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 电子科技大学 | 1bit feedback collaboration beam forming method based on direction disturbance |
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| EP2374222B1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2012-08-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (publ) | Wireless communication system and method for communication between nodes |
| CN101931446A (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Inter-cell interference suppression method and base station |
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| CN105959042B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2019-04-05 | 电子科技大学 | An a kind of bit feedback cooperative beam manufacturing process based on variable step size |
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