CN100409268C

CN100409268C - Automatic KWH meter control system

Info

Publication number: CN100409268C
Application number: CNB2006100540607A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李乐天
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-01-28
Filing date: 2006-01-28
Publication date: 2008-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2026-01-28
Also published as: CN1808511A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic control system of an ammeter, which comprises at least one connection method of PSTN, a data radio station and GPRS that a computer control and management system is connected with a plurality of concentrators, and the concentrators are connected with a plurality of ammeters in an RF mode and a PLC mode so as to finish the control and the management of the ammeters. Every two ammeters are connected with each other through the RF mode and the PLC mode. The present invention organically combines RF technology and PLC technology, builds a network platform for the intelligent control of the ammeters so as to realize the functions of automatic meter reading, etc., monitor the operating situation of every ammeter at any moment, and rapidly feed back electricity stealing information, and provides reliable basis for monitoring electricity consumption. The present invention realizes the function of changing the characteristics of the ammeter (namely the interconversion of common, prepayment and multiple charging rates) through programming in a long distance, enhances the labor production rate of a power supply department and causes the management level of the ammeters to be raised to a new level.

Description

Automatic KWH meter control system

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to ammeter centralized management, automatic monitored control system, specifically is a kind of automatic KWH meter control system that is applicable to electric system to the ammeter centralized management.

Background technology

The ammeter management is that a power supply department is concerned about and pretty troublesome thing very much always.Traditional counting cost by gas meter and supervision of power consumption all are to be checked meter to the user scene and checked by the special messenger, and collected ammeter data is aggregated into power supply department, and power supply department is again according to the relevant regulations charge of drawing a bill.So both needed a large amount of personnel that copy and accept, labour intensity is big, and efficient is low, the human error may occur again, produces some unnecessary social influences, also influences the corporate image of power supply department simultaneously.At present both at home and abroad meter reading method mainly contains three kinds of manual metering, pre-payment and automatic data loggings.Manual metering is each ammeter reading to be checked meter to on-the-spot by the meter reading personnel, the ammeter data of copying is taken back power supply department handle, and reinforms the user and pays dues; Prepayment mode is that the user arrives first power supply department and purchases electricity in advance, and power supply department writes certain dielectric card with purchasing electric weight, and the data that will be contained corresponding electric weight by user oneself are sent in the ammeter of oneself by card, finishes the process of the back electricity consumption of paying dues earlier; Automatic meter reading system (working range generally is limited in the platform district) can be divided into bus mode, short-range radio (hereinafter to be referred as RF) mode and power line carrier (hereinafter to be referred as PLC) mode according to employed technology difference.

Bus mode mainly adopts the RS485 bus.Because the RS485 bus mode must all be connected respectively on the concentrator by each ammeter of electricity consumption bundle of lines in use, by telephone wire (or other communication modes) ammeter data that is collected is passed to computer management system by concentrator again, constitute Automatic meter reading system (hereinafter to be referred as AMR).Because ammeter quantity is very big, line is more between ammeter and the concentrator, need connect up specially in corridor, installs to system and has brought bigger difficulty and workload; Simultaneously, increased more joint, after being easy to generate reliability, particularly time that loose contact influence checks meter and having grown, the loose contact phenomenon is more serious, has increased the maintenance workload of system greatly.In addition, the electric wire that is installed in the corridor suffers artificial destruction easily, influences the operate as normal of kilowatt meter reading-out system.The existence of these problems has restricted a large amount of uses of RS485 bus Automatic meter reading system.

The PLC mode is directly to utilize line of electric force to transmit data as communication line, does not need rewiring, has significantly reduced installation workload, and it is comparatively convenient to install and use.But owing to have many uncertain disturbing factors on the line of electric force, particularly characteristic impedance and harmonic component random variation are bigger, the reliability and the efficient that have influenced communication greatly are (slower as data rate, the communication that the long period section may occur is stopped up), can't really accomplish two-way effective communication, the increase of function and the expansion of range of application have been influenced, has only the most basic meter-reading function at present, efficient is lower (in order to avoid disturbing, improve communication efficiency, generally all be chosen in night) as checking meter the time.

The RF mode is to utilize public radio frequency range (ISM band) to carry out data communication, and the communication efficiency height is installed simple, easy to use.But because the space Electromagnetic Interference is bigger, particularly barrier stops situation at random, and transmit power limited has directly influenced transmission range, uses less at present at home.The situation contrast of three kinds of modes of Automatic meter reading system is as shown in the table.

The Automatic meter reading system situation table of comparisons:

The communication feature mode	Bus	Short-distance wireless	Line of electric force carries
The communication feature mode	Bus	Short-distance wireless	Line of electric force carries	Speed/efficient	High	Higher	Low
Installation/maintenance work	Greatly	Little	Little	Speed/efficient	High	Higher	Low
Installation/maintenance work	Greatly	Little	Little	Reliability/real-time	Good	Generally	Difference
Pattern	Two-way	Two-way	Accurate two-way	Reliability/real-time	Good	Generally	Difference

From situation about using both at home and abroad at present, it is more that external developed regions employing RF mode and PLC mode are checked meter, and the more of manual metering and prepayment mode adopted in the low developed area.

The content of invention

In order to overcome the deficiency that the existing Automatic meter reading system of present electric administrative department exists, quasi real time two-way, the rapid and reliable communication of realization system, solve the practical problems that present power supply department is concerned about very much, it better is power supply department and user service, make full use of the characteristics of various new technologies, the integration advantage makes up a cover more perfect functions, more practical automatic KWH meter control system is necessary really.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of automatic KWH meter control system (hereinafter to be referred as MACS), provide strong technical support to the management of ammeter for realizing power supply department, and can convenient user, the management level of existing ammeter improved.

Technical scheme

By to existing Automatic meter reading system existing Problems Analysis with to the research of the relative merits of RF technology and PLC technology, the present invention organically combines the RF technology with the PLC technology, utilize single-chip microcomputer control technology and computer networking technology to make up the ammeter network system of the brand-new quasi real time both-way communication of a cover, automatic KWH meter control system is come true.With two kinds of organic combinations of technology, give full play to advantage separately, maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, will produce cooperative effect preferably.Utilize RF mode (under the condition of micropower, not being subjected to the restriction of the radio control department) characteristics that communication speed is fast, transinformation content is big, finish checking meter in a large number and relay function of system; Utilize the characteristics of PLC long transmission distance, finish the telecommunication (RF can't communication) of concentrator and ammeter.Can obtain the effect of the fast and long transmission distance of transmission speed like this, the interference of different range can be evaded cleverly again, disturbed and influence the probability of system communication with regard to having reduced system greatly like this, communication speed, communication efficiency and the reliability of system have been improved greatly, make system accomplish quasi real time both-way communication, realized that function that many existing Automatic meter reading system can't realize is (as the running status of on-line monitoring ammeter; When logining automatically and remove, ammeter reports to the police automatically; Stealing information is returned the computer control managing system rapidly; By programming ammeter can be changed mutually between common metering, pre-payment, many rates; Even ordinary electric meter also can be finished the load curve function that power department is concerned about); Simultaneously keep installing and using of system simple and convenient again, the advantage of being convenient to safeguard.

According to technique scheme, this MACS comprises computer control managing system, concentrator and ammeter; Wherein be connected by at least a mode among PSTN, data radio station and the GPRS between computer control managing system and several concentrators; Concentrator is connected with several ammeters with the PLC mode by RF, finishes control and management to ammeter; Be connected with each other by RF mode and PLC mode between each ammeter.

In above-mentioned MACS, can also comprise computer control managing system, concentrator, ammeter and three-phase multifunctional ammeter; Wherein be connected by at least a mode among PSTN, data radio station and the GPRS between computer control managing system and several concentrators; Concentrator is connected with several ammeters with the PLC mode by RF, finishes control and management to ammeter; Be connected with each other by RF mode and PLC mode between each ammeter; Described computer control managing system directly is connected with several three-phase multifunctional ammeters by GPRS, or passes through the RS485 interface through concentrator and link to each other with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter, finishes control and management to the three-phase multifunctional ammeter.

Above-mentioned concentrator has RS485, IR and USB interface, and wherein interface RS485 connects the three-phase multifunctional ammeter, and IR, USB are connected with field apparatus.The quasi real time automatic control system that constitutes with ammeter, concentrator and computer control managing system has just realized the functions such as supervision, control, function conversion and information feedback to ammeter like this; All information can also be passed to relevant administrative authority by LAN (Local Area Network) simultaneously, for decision-making section provides decision-making foundation.

The principle of work of said system is such: the computer control managing system is that operating personnel control the workbench with managing MAC S, and operating personnel finish control and management to whole M ACS by corresponding application.Concentrator is the key of MACS, and it plays a part to form a connecting link.Utilize PSTN or GPRS that ammeter data is passed to the computer control managing system, also accept the various command of control corresponding ammeter simultaneously; It mainly by Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, RF unit, PLC unit and variety of interface units, comprising: GPRS, PSTN, IR, USB, RS485 form, and link to each other with Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system by serial ports between each unit, form a complete single-chip computer control system.Concentrator with the ammeter communication in, if directly communication, then concentrator can automatically be selected to carry out the relaying communication to guarantee the unimpeded of communication as the ammeter of relaying by intelligent routing mode.Utilize hardware to connect,, realize exchanges data with the computer control managing system by programming; Control is copied at the realization scene; Realize exchanges data and monitoring ammeter with ammeter.Particularly with the ammeter swap data in, if the RF mode is interfered can't communication the time, single-chip computer control system can be changed channel (keeping consistent with concentrator), continuous communication automatically; If change channel all can't communication the time, then automatically the RF mode switched to the PLC mode and continue communication; Equally, be interfered can't communication the time at PLC, single-chip computer control system can switch to the RF mode with the PLC mode automatically and continue communication.The ammeter here is made up of metering units, switch, stealing warning delivery outlet, RF unit, PLC unit and Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system.Power consumption, stealing alerting signal all link to each other with Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system I/O mouth line by line, and the RF unit all links to each other with Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system by serial ports with the PLC unit; Power consumption and alerting signal are sent single-chip microcomputer with pulse mode; Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is freezed the feature (common, pre-payment, many rates are changed mutually) of ammeter data and control ammeter and is kept quasi real time communication with concentrator by programming.

Technique effect of the present invention is very significant, the MACS that constitutes by above-mentioned principle, with RF technology and the organic combination of PLC technology, overcome the irrealizable quasi real time bidirectional communication function of existing similar system, made up the network work platform of an ammeter Based Intelligent Control, both realized the high speed of communication, reliable and high-level efficiency, kept installing and using simple again and characteristics easily, and realized automatic data logging, logined and withdraw from automatic warning automatically; Realized freezing simultaneously the data of all ammeters in the system, it is more accurate that line loss is calculated; Realized to monitor at any time the operation conditions of every ammeter, fed back stealing information rapidly, reliable basis is provided for electricity consumption is supervisory; Realized that remote programming changes the function of ammeter feature (that is: common, pre-payment and many rates are changed mutually), for the modernization of ammeter management provides a MACS who overlaps not only science but also be suitable for, for a new road has been walked out in digitizing, the networking of ammeter management.MACS promotes the use of, and with improving the labour productivity of power supply department greatly, makes things convenient for the client, will bring bigger progress to the management of present ammeter, makes new step on the management level of ammeter.

Description of drawings

Said structure of the present invention can further specify by the embodiment that accompanying drawing provides.

The present invention is by following accompanying drawing:

Accompanying drawing 1 is automatic KWH meter control system (MACS) structured flowchart;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the ammeter electrical schematic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 3 is the concentrator electrical schematic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 4 is the computer control managing system;

Accompanying drawing 5 is the PLC electrical schematic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 6 is the RF electrical schematic diagram.

Embodiment

Referring to accompanying drawing 1, MACS comprises computer control managing system, concentrator and ammeter among the figure, and wherein the computer control managing system comprises computer system, GPRS and PSTN and data radio station, grid line; The computer control managing system receives ammeter data and sending controling instruction by at least a connection concentrator in GPRS or PSTN or the data radio station by concentrator.Concentrator comprises Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, GPRS and PSTN and data radio station, IR and USB and RS485 interface, RF unit and PLC unit, and concentrator is connected ammeter by the RF unit with the PLC unit, receives ammeter data and sending controling instruction; Be connected with the three-phase multifunctional table with field apparatus with USB and RS485 by IR, accept initialization data and send ammeter data; Ammeter comprises metering units, magnetic latching relay, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, RF unit, PLC unit.

Referring to accompanying drawing 2, ammeter adopts single-phase ammeter (or three-phase kilowatt-hour meter) among the embodiment, and described ammeter all has stealing warning output function.Wherein single-phase ammeter comprises RF unit, PLC unit, metering units, switch and Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (having omitted power unit among the figure); The single-phase ammeter of the metering units of ammeter adopts ADE7751 chip (three-phase kilowatt-hour meter adopts the ADE7752 chip); Input AC220v receives the sampling end of ammeter and the communication channel of PLC unit respectively; The ac output end of ammeter is by exporting as exchanging AC220v behind the magnetic latching relay.The metrical pulse of ammeter unit and stealing warning pulse connect the I/O mouth of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, as the metering and the alerting signal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system; Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is connected with the PLC unit with the RF unit by serial ports, opens or closes by I/O mouth line traffic control magnetic latching relay, and shows electric quantity data.Ammeter interconnects by RF unit and PLC unit, realizes the communication relaying; Send and receive the information of concentrator by RF unit and PLC unit.(three-phase kilowatt-hour meter input power supply is three-phase AC380v, and except that metering units was different with single-phase ammeter, remainder was the same substantially)

Referring to accompanying drawing 3, concentrator comprises Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, hardware clock, RF unit, PLC unit, power unit, GPRS (PSTN, data radio station) and IR (USB, RS485) interface among the figure.Wherein with input power supply and the PLC communication channel of AC380v as power unit; Power unit provides working power for all unit and interface in the concentrator; Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is connected with the PLC unit with GPRS (PSTN, data radio station), IR, USB, RS485, RF unit by serial ports; Concentrator is connected with the computer control managing system by GPRS, PSTN and data radio station (at least a), transmits the instruction of ammeter data and receiving computer; Concentrator links to each other with field apparatus by any interface of IR, USB, on-the-spot instruction and the transmission data of receiving; Concentrator receives ammeter data and sends instruction to ammeter by RF unit and PLC unit; Concentrator is connected with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter by RS485, finishes the exchanges data with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter.It is the three-phase multifunctional ammeter of DSSD188 band RS485 interface that described three-phase multifunctional table can adopt model.

Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the computing machine control management system comprises at least a in computer system, grid line and GPRS, PSTN and the data radio station among the figure.Computer system is connected with GPRS, PSTN and data radio station by serial ports; Link to each other with higher level's LAN (Local Area Network) by grid line.The computer control managing system utilizes at least a and concentrator in GPRS, PSTN and the data radio station to be connected, and receives ammeter data and sends instruction to ammeter by concentrator; Simultaneously, utilize grid line and higher level's LAN (Local Area Network) swap data.In addition, the computer control managing system can also directly be connected with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter by GPRS, with three-phase multifunctional ammeter swap data.

Referring to accompanying drawing 5, the PLC unit comprises the coupling circuit that TR, C4 form among the figure; The push-pull power amplifier that L1, C3, V1, V2, V3, V4, R1, R2, C1, C2 etc. form; The frequency selection circuit that C6, D7, D6, L2, C5, R3 form; FLT1, FLT2 are that intermediate frequency is considered ripple device, serial ports and PL3105 (the communication number passes chip).The PLC unit is connected with external microcontroller system serial ports by serial ports, is connected with the AC220v electrical network with C4 by TR; Power amplifier connects coupling circuit by L1, connects the SIGOUT end of PL3105 by C1, C2; Frequency selection circuit connects coupling circuit by R3, C5, connects the SININ of PL3105 by C6; When the PLC unit sent information, the external microcontroller system to the PL3105 writing information, after the PL3105 modulation, by the power amplifier amplifying signal, was coupled to signal on the AC220v electrical network through coupling circuit by serial ports again; When the PLC unit received data, the signal on the AC220v electrical network was passed to frequency selection circuit through coupling circuit, is passed to the SIGIN of PL3105 again by C6, after the PL3105 demodulation, is sent to the external microcontroller system by serial ports, finishes the information transmit-receive function of PLC unit.Described external microcontroller system is the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system such as the PIC16F64 of ammeter.For concentrator, the PLC unit interior with being installed in ammeter, its PLC unit structurally is the same, and its external microcontroller system with respect to the PLC unit is exactly to be the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of LPC2214 as model.

Referring to accompanying drawing 6, the RF unit comprises the RF communication chip and the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system PL3103 of the band clock circuit that LC wave filter, the frequency selection circuit, L101 inductance, C171, C181, XTAL, the CC1000 that are made up of C31, C42, L41, L32 form among the figure.Frequency selection circuit C31, C42 connect antenna through the LC wave filter, and the RFIN through C31, L32 connect RF communication chip CC1000 holds through the RFOUT of C42, C41, L41 connection CC1000; The RSSI/IF of CC1000, PALE, PDATE, PCLK, DCLK, DIO connect AD1, P12, P13, P15, P16, the P35 of single-chip microcomputer respectively, and antenna impedance is 50 Europe.When the RF unit received data, signal was after antenna induction and filtering, and through the frequency selection circuit frequency-selecting, the RFIN by C31, L32 send CC1000 by sending PL3103 to after the CC1000 demodulation, passes to the external microcontroller system by the PL3103 serial ports again; When the RF unit sent data, the external microcontroller system by the PL3103 serial ports, write the CC1000 chip with data, after the CC1000 modulation, behind RFOUT end process power amplifier and wave filter, launched by antenna again, finished the transmission-receiving function of information.The described external microcontroller system here is the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of ammeter such as the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system LPC2214 of PIC16F64 or concentrator.For concentrator, ammeter, its RF unit structurally is the same.

Claims

1. an automatic KWH meter control system comprises the computer control managing system, it is characterized in that, comprises that also concentrator, ammeter are or/and the three-phase multifunctional ammeter; Wherein be connected by at least a mode among PSTN, data radio station and the GPRS between computer control managing system and several concentrators; Concentrator is connected with several ammeters with the PLC mode by RF, finishes control and management to ammeter; Be connected with each other by RF mode and PLC mode between each ammeter; Described computer control managing system directly is connected with several three-phase multifunctional ammeters by GPRS, or passes through the RS485 interface through concentrator and link to each other with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter, finishes control and management to the three-phase multifunctional ammeter.

2. automatic KWH meter control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the computer control managing system comprises computer system, GPRS and PSTN and data radio station; The computer control managing system receives ammeter data and sending controling instruction by at least a connection concentrator in GPRS, PSTN or the data radio station by concentrator.

3. automatic KWH meter control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: concentrator comprises Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, hardware clock, RF unit, PLC unit power unit, at least a and IR, the USB in GPRS, PSTN, the data radio station, RS485 interface; Wherein with input power supply and the PLC communication channel of AC380v as power unit; Power unit provides working power for all unit and interface in the concentrator; Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is connected with GPRS, PSTN, data radio station, IR, USB, RS485, RF unit and PLC unit by serial ports; Concentrator is connected with the computer control managing system by at least a in GPRS, PSTN and the data radio station, and transmission ammeter data and receiving computer instruct; Concentrator links to each other with field apparatus by any interface of IR, USB, on-the-spot instruction and the transmission data of receiving; Concentrator receives ammeter data and sends instruction to ammeter by RF unit and PLC unit; Concentrator is connected with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter by RS485, finishes the exchanges data with the three-phase multifunctional ammeter.

4. automatic KWH meter control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described PLC unit comprises coupling circuit, power amplifier, frequency selection circuit, intermediate frequency worry ripple device, serial ports and communication chip; The coupling circuit of forming by transformer TR, capacitor C 4 wherein; The power amplifier of forming by inductance L 1, triode V1, triode V2, V3, triode V4, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3; The frequency selection circuit of forming by diode D7, diode D6, inductance L 2, capacitor C 5, capacitor C 6, resistance R 3; The PLC unit is connected with external microcontroller system serial ports by serial ports, is connected with the AC220v electrical network by coupling circuit; Power amplifier connects coupling circuit by L1, connects the SIGOUT end of communication chip by capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2; Frequency selection circuit connects coupling circuit by resistance R 3, capacitor C 5, connects the SININ end of communication chip by capacitor C 6; When the PLC unit sent information, the external microcontroller system to the communication chip writing information, after the communication chip modulation, by the power amplifier amplifying signal, was coupled to signal on the AC220v electrical network through coupling circuit by serial ports again; When the PLC unit received data, the information on the AC220v electrical network was passed to frequency selection circuit through coupling circuit, was passed to the SIGIN end of communication chip again by capacitor C 6, after the communication chip demodulation, was sent to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system by serial ports, finished the information transmit-receive of PLC unit.

5. automatic KWH meter control system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described RF unit comprises the LC wave filter, the frequency selection circuit of being made up of capacitor C 31, capacitor C 42, inductance L 41, inductance L 32, the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of band clock circuit; Wherein frequency selection circuit connects antenna by capacitor C 31, capacitor C 42 through the LC wave filter, and the RFIN that connects the RF communication chip through capacitor C 31, inductance L 32 holds, and connects the RFOUT end of communication chips through capacitor C 42, capacitor C 41, inductance L 41; When the RF unit received data, signal was after antenna induction and filtering, and through the frequency selection circuit frequency-selecting, the RFIN that is delivered to the RF communication chip by capacitor C 31, inductance L 32 holds, and by sending single-chip microcomputer to after the demodulation of RF communication chip, passes to the external microcontroller system by serial ports again; When the RF unit sent data, the external microcontroller system by the PL3103 serial ports, write the RF communication chip with data, after the modulation of RF communication chip, behind RFOUT end process frequency selection circuit and wave filter, launched by antenna, finished the transmission-receiving function of information.

6. automatic KWH meter control system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ammeter adopts single-phase ammeter or the three-phase kilowatt-hour meter with stealing warning output function, and wherein single-phase ammeter comprises RF unit, PLC unit, metering units, switch and Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system; The communication channel of the sampling end of ammeter and PLC unit connects input AC220v electrical network respectively; The ac output end of ammeter is exported as exchanging AC220v by magnetic latching relay; The metrical pulse of ammeter unit and stealing warning pulse connect the I/O mouth of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, as the metering and the alerting signal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system; Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is connected with the PLC unit with the RF unit by serial ports, opens or closes by I/O mouth line traffic control magnetic latching relay, and shows electric quantity data; Ammeter interconnects by RF unit and PLC unit, realizes the communication relaying; Send and receive the information of concentrator by RF unit and PLC unit.