CN100421772C - 改进的组件清洗方法 - Google Patents

改进的组件清洗方法 Download PDF

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CN100421772C
CN100421772C CNB2004800373069A CN200480037306A CN100421772C CN 100421772 C CN100421772 C CN 100421772C CN B2004800373069 A CNB2004800373069 A CN B2004800373069A CN 200480037306 A CN200480037306 A CN 200480037306A CN 100421772 C CN100421772 C CN 100421772C
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沃伦·T·约翰逊
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Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp
Siemens Industry Inc
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    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration

Abstract

一种与多孔隔膜过滤组件(5)一起使用的通气/反洗装置(16)，包括在竖直间隔开的上部端盖(7)和下部端盖(8)之间纵向延伸的一个或多个隔膜(6)，所述隔膜的端部装在所述的上部和下部端盖内。具有可渗透壁的隔膜(6)在使用时收到过滤操作，其中将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出。所述通气/反洗装置(16)用于至少部分围绕一部分隔膜组件(5)，并包括具有间隔开的通孔(18，19)的连通腔室(17)，所述通孔与所述腔室(17)以及隔膜组件(5)流体相通。在使用中，将气体供应到所述腔室(17)内，通过所述通孔(18，19)使气体与隔膜组件(5)连通，以便给在隔膜组件内的隔膜通气，通过所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件(5)抽出到所述腔室(17)内和/或供入隔膜组件(5)。

Description

改进的组件清洗方法
技术领域
本发明涉及隔膜过滤系统，尤其涉及使用位于加压壳体或与大气连通的箱体或容器内的多孔隔膜或可渗透隔膜的过滤系统以及用于该系统的反洗装置.
背景技术
说明书中对现有技术的任何描述都不能视为已经承认这种现有技术已经为广泛熟知或成为本领域的公知常识.
多孔隔膜过滤系统要求将隔膜进行定期反洗，以保持过滤效率和通量，同时减小横跨膜的压力(TMP)，当膜孔被杂质阻塞时该横跨膜的压力会增加.一般来说，在反洗循环过程中，利用一种或多种加压气体、气泡、液体或其混合物迫使杂质离开隔膜孔和/或使杂质经过冲洗从隔膜表面进入给水箱或容器.接着从箱中排出或冲走含有来自隔膜的杂质和沉淀物的液体.
另外，在使用气泡冲洗隔膜的过滤系统中，已经发现有利的是将气泡尽可能地限制在隔膜区域，以有助于冲洗过程.
根据过滤车间最终所占的空间，也优选的是减小过滤系统的尺寸.小型系统成本低，污水体积少，对环境的影响更小并且更容易被市场接受.
优选的是能够将这些系统的优点提供给最初设计和制造时并没有考虑清洗和反洗工艺的已知系统.另外优选的是简化在过滤、反洗和清洗过程中将气体和液体供应到隔膜组件上的歧管装置和管道系统.
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术的一个或多个上述问题、提供一个或多个上述优点、或至少提供一种有用的可选方案.
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种与多孔隔膜过滤组件一起使用的通气/反洗装置，其包括在垂直间隔开的上部和下部端盖(header)之间纵向延伸的一个或多个隔膜，所述隔膜的端部封装在所述的上部和下部端盖内，具有可渗透壁的隔膜在使用时受到过滤操作，其中含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，所述通气/反洗装置用于至少部分围绕一部分所述隔膜组件，并包括具有间隔开的通孔的连通腔室，所述通孔与所述腔室和隔膜组件流体相通，其中，在使用中，将气体供应到所述腔室内，并通过所述通孔将气体传送到隔膜组件中，以便在隔膜组件内给隔膜通气，通过通向所述腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件排出和/或供入隔膜组件.
在一种形式中，通过相同的通孔可选择地传送气体和反洗液.
优选的是，所述通孔为竖直间隔开的通孔，其与所述腔室和隔膜组件流体连通，其中，在使用中，将气体供给到所述腔室内，并通过至少上部的通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的隔膜通气，通过通向所述腔室的所述下部的通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出.可以理解的是，可通过上部和下部通孔将反洗液抽出.
优选的是，反洗液或料液可通过下部孔或两组孔供入或注入隔膜组件的基底内.这些液体也可用来沿隔膜清扫固体物，以携带出在气体冲洗过程中从隔膜表面反洗出的固体物.通过箱体/容器的顶部溢流或通过所述通孔从箱体/容器排出或泵送出，将含有固体物的反洗污水从箱体/容器冲刷出.
优选的是，竖直间隔开的通孔包括上部和下部通孔组.优选的是，上部孔的横截面面积小于下部孔的横截面面积.优选的是，各通孔组的孔围绕所述腔室的周边沿轴向间隔开.在一种形式中，可从两组孔抽出和/或通过两组孔注入反洗液.
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种多孔隔膜过滤组件，其包括在竖直间隔开的上部和下部端盖之间纵向延伸的一个或多个隔膜，所述隔膜的端部封装在所述的上部和下部端盖内，具有可渗透壁的隔膜在使用时受到过滤操作，其中，将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，上部和下部端盖与所述隔膜的一个或两个端部以及至少一个相关的上部和/或下部滤液收集腔室流体相通，以便在使用中从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出的滤液通过至少一个上部和/或下部端盖与相关的上部和/或下部收集腔室连通，通气/反洗装置至少部分围绕一部分所述隔膜组件，并包括具有间隔开的通孔的连通腔室，所述通孔与所述腔室和所述隔膜组件流体相通，其中，在使用中将气体供给到所述连通腔室内，通过所述通孔将气体传送到隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述连通腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出和/或将反洗液供入隔膜组件中.
优选的是，所述通孔为竖直间隔开的通孔，其与所述腔室和隔膜组件流体连通，其中，在使用中将气体供给到所述腔室内，并通过至少所述上部通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述腔室的所述下部通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件中抽出和/或将反洗液供入隔膜组件中.
优选的是，滤液连接管道设置成在上部和下部滤液收集腔室之间流体相通，从收集腔室的一个或另一个中抽出滤液.优选的是，通气/反洗装置邻近下部端盖定位.上部和下部收集腔室优选包括各自的上部和下部收集杯，该收集杯用于以流体密封的形式可拆卸地接收和接合所述上部和下部端盖.优选的是，所述端盖通过卡口式配件与所述收集杯可锁定地接合.
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种使用多孔隔膜过滤组件从料液中去除污染物材料的方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)执行过滤操作，其中将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出；
(b)通过至少一个上部和/或下部端盖将抽出液传送到至少一个上部和/或下部收集腔室中；
(c)将气体施加到所述连通腔室，并通过所述通孔将所述气体传送到隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气；
(d)使用液体反洗所述隔膜壁；
(e)通过通向所述连通腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出.
本发明的实施例允许以反向的形式操作隔膜组件，而且允许气体和液体通过安装在隔膜组件的基底附近的歧管装置来进行冲洗和清扫.本发明描述在敞口的给水箱内使用单独的组件或组件阵列，但是应当理解的是，本发明可同样用于使用合适的耐压外壳和连接件的加压系统.优选地，本发明还可以和布置成从两端收集滤液的组件一起使用，但是也同样可以和仅仅从一端进行过滤的组件一起使用.可从组件的顶部或底部抽出滤液.
在一个实施例中，将气体供应到围绕隔膜组件的基底的环形套筒上.所述环形套筒的内部包括通孔，该通孔允许气体穿过和进入所述隔膜.该实施例也允许在该气体孔的下部有另外的孔，以便可将料液注入组件的基底内，并且可以用料液来沿隔膜清扫固体物，以携带出在气体冲洗过程中从隔膜表面反洗出的固体物.通过水箱/容器的顶部溢流、或从水箱/容器排出或泵送出、和/或通过所述孔从组件排出或泵送出，可以将这种含有固体物的反洗污水从组件冲刷出.
所述组件一般在中部具有闭合的筛网(screen)部分，其含有气体和反洗液，以便能够被更有效地利用.敞口区域允许气体和/或反洗污水从顶部逸出以及供给气体/反洗液以进入基底附近的组件.
所述气体和反洗歧管可组合成一个单元(在上面进行描述)或保持成独立的歧管.
或者，一组孔只能与具有合适形状和尺寸并围绕组件间隔开的孔一起使用，以便首先只能使用气体，然后气体结合液体进行两相清洗的清扫，接着只通过液体进行清扫.合适的形状包括槽形、三角形和滴料形.在具有或不具有可渗透的反冲刷的情况下，也可使用这些步骤的不同的组合.
在一个实施例中，在筛网中可设置实心部分，其延伸到在底部的气体/反洗入口孔的正上方，并一直到距离组件的顶部较短距离(一般大约为100mm).或者，筛网沿其整个长度可以是实心的，但是邻近气体/反洗入口孔和组件的顶部设有多个开口，以允许液体和气体通过所述筛网.在过滤操作中，组件被浸没，料液可以通过实心部分的顶部的敞口区域进入组件，并且沿隔膜流动.在反洗过程中，可以使用歧管装置和上述过程实施通气.这种构造的主要优点在于，当发生反洗清扫时，反洗液仅仅沿由筛网的实心部分包围的区域内的隔膜进行清扫，从组件的顶部流出，并从水箱溢流出或排出到污水池.与采用大网孔的筛网(或没有筛网)相比，在筛网的实心部分的外侧没有清扫流以便供应到组件的所有流都用于清扫时，本方法减少了完成清扫所需要的反洗液的量.如果需要的话，可通过在通气/反洗腔室的正上方在基底附近的实心部分上增加孔，来使在溢流中可能发生的任何较小的反混减到最小，以便发生少量的和受控量的旁通.大量的流动可直接通过组件，上量的旁通流柔和地冲刷任何残余的固体物或来自组件之间的空间的反混废物，以基本保持活塞式流动(plug flow).
可选择的是，不执行在上述装置中从底部到顶部的清扫步骤，也可使用反洗液/气体管道或基底处的一些其它废物连接件来执行从顶部到底部的清洗以将反洗废物带走.在这种情况下，通过将料液供应到水箱来将水箱填充到一预定高度或保持水箱水位在组件之上，所述反洗可导致由于重力沿组件的流动.在这种情况下，反洗废物的体积与上述情形类似，其中反洗料液从底部供应，其重要的优点在于除了将料液供应到水箱或容器的已有的泵之外不需要另外的泵.
由于筛网的实心部分或罩执行多种功能，即保护纤维、设置组件支撑件以及在反洗过程中形成含有液体和气体的容器，使筛网的实心截面或罩作为组件的一部分也减小了所述装置的构造成本.外部壳体也可以用来提供相同的功能.
附图说明
现在，本发明的优选实施例将通过一个实施例并参考附图进行描述，其中：
图1为本发明的一个实施例的具有反洗装置的常用过滤隔膜组件的剖视透视缩小图；
图2a为本发明的一个实施例的纤维隔膜组件的侧视图；
图2b为沿图2a的A-A线的剖面侧视图；
图2c为图2b的C区域的放大图；
图2d为图2b的B区域的放大图；
图3为图2a的隔膜组件的部分剖面分解透视图；
图4为安装在给水箱或容器内的组件排的上部透视图；
图5为本发明一个实施例的测试组件的横跨膜的压力(TMP)的曲线图.
具体实施方式
参考图1，隔膜组件5包括许多形成一束并在竖直间隔开的上部和下部端盖7和8之间延伸的多孔中空纤维隔膜6，所述纤维隔膜6的端部封装在所述的上部和下部端盖7和8内.上部和下部端盖7和8与纤维隔膜6的端部9流体连通，并且与由上部过滤盖12和下部过滤收集杯13形成的上部和下部滤液收集腔室10和11相关联.纤维隔膜6通过具有开口3和4的不渗透流体的筛网14支撑在上部和下部端盖7和8之间，所述开口3和4分别位于下部端盖8的正上方和上部端盖7的正下方.在筛网14的任一端可设置开口3和4，以允许气体和液体从组件隔膜6来回通过.过滤管道15延伸通过隔膜束的中心，并连接上部和下部滤液收集腔室10和11.
在图1至3中示出的通气/反洗装置16围绕隔膜组件5的一部分，并且位于下部端盖8之上且邻近筛网部分14的开口3.通气/反洗装置包括具有竖直间隔开的上部和下部通孔18和19的连通腔室17，所述通孔18和19与连通腔室17和隔膜组件5流体相通.连通腔室17通过管道20可选择地连接到气体源或反洗液体源上.
上部和下部端盖7和8分别包括上部和下部封装套(pottingsleeve)22和21，其通过O形环23和24分别密封接合上部盖12和下部杯13.下部端盖8可通过任何合适的可拆卸的连接件来连接到通气/反洗装置上，在这种情况下，可使用卡口式连接件28.
在操作中，组件5浸没在给水箱25内，对下部收集腔室11施加吸力，下部收集腔室11反过来对纤维隔膜6的上端(通过过滤管15)和下端施加吸力.滤液收集在过滤盖12和杯13内，并且通过歧管26运走(参见图2).组件5的上部过滤盖12和下部过滤杯13通过中心过滤管道15连接，所述中心过滤管道15收集来自组件的上部过滤盖12中的滤液，并且将其运输至下部过滤杯13.尽管在该实施例中在此示出的在上部和下部过滤端盖7和8之间的连接是作为组件5本身的一部分，该连接也可在组件5外部进行.也可收集来自任一端的滤液，但是收集底部的滤液可简化歧管装置.所述滤液通过歧管26运走，如图2和4所示.
在反洗过程中，通过将气体(一般为空气)经过作为通气孔的所述通孔18的上部引入组件5中来实现纤维隔膜6的清洁.这些通孔18可以确定尺寸，并且与下部反洗通孔19隔开，以便大部分气体经过这些通孔18，并且与反洗通孔19保持液体密封，尽管通过反洗通孔19的小量渗漏也是允许的.这确保气体尽可能均匀分布在组件周围.一旦完成利用由供入组件隔膜6的气体产生的气泡的气体冲洗(可选与隔膜的渗透反冲刷结合)，可通过反洗孔19和通气孔18引入液体清扫.仍然在腔室17中的任何气体最初通过通气孔18排出，因此可用于进一步的气体清洗隔膜6.然后使腔室17充满料液，通过通气孔18和反洗孔19进入组件5中.可设置另外的反洗孔19，以相对于气体流动阻力允许有更大的液体流动阻力.
引入组件5的基底内的液体流沿组件5流动以清扫来自组件5的固体物质.反洗污水可以在容器25的顶部溢出，并通过水箱或容器25上的出口排出，或从通孔18和19排出或泵送出.
另外，可使用已有的歧管装置或扩展的歧管，以便当将液体引入通气/反洗装置和腔室17时，能够冲刷来自腔室17的气体，并携带其进入组件5从而对隔膜6提供另外的气体冲洗.
也可在发生具有进料的反冲刷的同时将气体引入腔室17或反洗管道20内.这在清扫阶段允许两相清洗，气体可在腔室17内分离或流过通气孔18，或者被反洗流携带通过孔18和19中的任一个进入组件5.
可选择的是，一组通孔18，19仅仅使用合适形状和尺寸并且围绕组件5间隔开的通孔，以便开始只使用气体，然后气体结合液体用于两相清洗和清扫，最后只通过液体进行清扫.在具有或没有可渗透的反冲刷的情况下，也可使用这些步骤的不同的组合.
图4示出了组件5从水箱25上部怎样安装在过滤和通气/反洗歧管26和27内，所述歧管26和27沿给水箱/容器25的底部布置.通气/反洗歧管27连接到通气/反洗装置16的管道20上.
图5为本发明组件的横跨膜的压力(TMP)相对于时间的曲线图，其在每次反洗之后排走组件的内容物.该曲线图示出了本发明的组件的TMP在每次排走之后有效地恢复.
应当了解到，在不脱离本发明描述的精神或范围的情况下，可以作出另外的实施例和示例.

Claims (34)

1. 一种与多孔隔膜过滤组件一起使用的通气/反洗装置，包括：在竖直间隔开的上部和下部端盖之间纵向延伸的一个或多个隔膜，所述隔膜的端部装在所述的上部和下部端盖内，所述隔膜具有可渗透壁，该可渗透壁在使用时进行过滤操作，其中将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，所述通气/反洗装置用于至少部分围绕一部分所述隔膜组件，并包括具有间隔开的通孔的连通腔室，所述通孔与所述腔室和所述隔膜组件流体连通，其中，在使用中，将气体供应到所述腔室内并通过所述通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在所述隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出和/或将反洗液供入隔膜组件中.
2. 如权利要求1所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，通过所述通孔传送所述气体和反洗液.
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，所述通孔为竖直间隔开的通孔，该通孔与所述腔室和所述隔膜组件流体连通，其中，在使用中，将气体供应到所述腔室中并通过至少上部的所述通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述腔室的下部的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出.
4. 如权利要求1所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，竖直间隔开的通孔包括上部通孔组和下部通孔组.
5. 如权利要求4所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，通过下部通孔或上部通孔和下部通孔将反洗液或料液供入或注入所述隔膜组件的基底内.
6. 如权利要求4所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，所述反洗液和/或料液可用来沿隔膜清除固体物，以便携带出在所述通气过程中从隔膜表面反洗出来的固体物。
7. 如权利要求6所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，所述上部孔的横截面面积小于所述下部孔的横截面面积.
8. 如权利要求6或7所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，各组通孔的孔围绕所述腔室的周边沿轴向间隔开.
9. 如权利要求6所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，通过两组通孔将所述反洗液抽出和/或供入.
10. 如权利要求1所述的通气/反洗装置，其中，所述装置形成为环形套筒.
11. 一种多孔隔膜过滤组件，包括：在竖直间隔开的上部和下部端盖之间纵向延伸的一个或多个隔膜，所述隔膜的端部封装在所述上部和下部端盖内，所述隔膜具有可渗透壁，该可渗透壁在使用时进行过滤操作，其中将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，所述上部和下部端盖与所述隔膜的一个或两个端部以及至少一个相关的上部和/或下部滤液收集腔室流体相通，以便在使用中从所述隔膜壁的另一侧抽出的滤液通过至少一个上部和/或下部端盖与相关的上部和/或下部收集腔室连通，一通气/反洗装置至少部分围绕一部分所述隔膜组件，并包括具有间隔开的通孔的连通腔室，所述通孔与所述连通腔室和所述隔膜组件流体连通，其中，在使用中，将气体供应到所述连通腔室内并通过所述通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述连通腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从所述隔膜组件抽出和/或供入所述隔膜组件.
12. 如权利要求11所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述通孔为竖直间隔开的通孔，该通孔与所述连通腔室和所述隔膜组件流体连通，其中，在使用中，将气体供应到所述连通腔室内，并通过至少上部的所述通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述连通腔室的下部的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出和/或供入所述隔膜组件.
13. 如权利要求11或12所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，滤液连接管道设置成在上部和下部滤液收集腔室之间流体连通，从所述收集腔室的一个或另一个中抽出滤液.
14. 如权利要求11或12所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述通气/反洗装置邻近所述下部端盖.
15. 如权利要求11或12所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述上部和下部收集腔室包括各自的上部和下部收集杯，该收集杯用于以流体密封的形式可拆卸地接收和接合所述上部和下部端盖.
16. 如权利要求15所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述端盖通过卡口式配件可锁定地接合所述收集杯.
17. 如权利要求11或12所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述多孔隔膜过滤组件还包括至少部分围绕所述隔膜的筛网.
18. 如权利要求17所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述筛网为沿隔膜的部分长度延伸的套筒.
19. 如权利要求17所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述筛网位于所述通气/反洗装置的上方.
20. 如权利要求18所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，所述筛网沿所述隔膜组件的整个长度延伸并设有一个或多个孔，该一个或多个孔邻近通气/反洗装置的通孔，以便与隔膜以及在组件顶部或邻近组件顶部的一个或多个附加的孔连通，从而允许气体或液体通过.
21. 如权利要求20所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件，其中，在所述通气/反洗装置处或邻近所述通气/反洗装置处的所述筛网内具有一个或多个另外的开口，以允许反洗流旁通.
22. 一种使用权利要求11所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件来从料液中去除污染物的方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)执行过滤操作，其中将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出；
(b)通过至少一个上部和/或下部端盖将所述抽出的滤液传送到至少一个上部和/或下部收集腔室中；
(c)将气体供给到所述连通腔室中，并通过所述通孔将所述气体传送到隔膜组件中，以给在所述隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气；
(d)使用液体来反洗所述隔膜壁；
(e)通过通向所述连通腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出.
23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，通过所述通孔传送和抽出所述气体和反洗液.
24. 一种使用权利要求12所述的多孔隔膜过滤组件来从料液中去除污染物的方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)执行过滤操作，其中将含有污染物的进料施加到隔膜壁的一侧，将滤液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出；
(b)通过至少一个上部和/或下部端盖将所述抽出的滤液传送到至少一个上部和/或下部收集腔室中；
(c)将气体供给到所述连通腔室中，并通过所述通孔将所述气体传送到隔膜组件中，以给在所述隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气；
(d)使用液体来反洗所述隔膜壁；
(e)通过通向所述连通腔室的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出.
25. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其中，通过所述通孔传送和抽出所述气体和反洗液.
26. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其中，将气体供给到所述连通腔室内，并通过上部的所述通孔将气体传送到所述隔膜组件中，以便给在隔膜组件内的所述隔膜通气，通过通向所述连通腔室的至少下部的所述通孔将反洗液从隔膜组件抽出和/或供入隔膜组件.
27. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括通过下部的所述通孔或上部和下部的所述通孔将反洗液或进料供入隔膜组件的基底内的步骤.
28. 如权利要求24或25所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括使用反洗液和/或进料沿隔膜清扫固体物，以便携带出在所述通气过程中从隔膜表面去除的固体物的步骤.
29. 如权利要求24或25所述的方法，其中，将所述隔膜组件浸没在包含在容器内的料液中，并且所述方法包括通过容器顶部的溢流来从所述容器冲刷出含有固体物的反洗废物的步骤.
30. 如权利要求24或25所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括通过组件顶部的溢流来从所述组件冲刷出含有固体物的反洗废物的步骤.
31. 如权利要求24或25所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括通过所述通孔从所述组件排出或泵送出废物来从所述组件冲刷出含有固体物的反洗废物的步骤.
32. 如权利要求29所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括在所述冲刷步骤中将气体引入所述组件内的步骤.
33. 如权利要求32所述的方法，其中，所述气体和所述反洗液和/或料液混合.
34. 如权利要求32所述的方法，其中，将所述气体引入到所述连通腔室.
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