CN100423584C - 编码和解码媒体信号 - Google Patents

编码和解码媒体信号 Download PDF

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CN100423584C
CN100423584C CNB2003801008443A CN200380100844A CN100423584C CN 100423584 C CN100423584 C CN 100423584C CN B2003801008443 A CNB2003801008443 A CN B2003801008443A CN 200380100844 A CN200380100844 A CN 200380100844A CN 100423584 C CN100423584 C CN 100423584C
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CN1703913A (zh
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A·A·C·M·卡克
F·M·J·威廉斯
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种在低质量版本的信号中嵌入用于媒体信号(通常是音频视频信号)的高质量恢复的信息的方法。为此目的,使用高质量编码器(Q2)编码信号x。由高质量编码器产生的代码序列z映射成与一个理想的低质量编码器(Q1)有关的代码序列y。发送后面的代码序列y。一个简单的解码器解码已经接收的序列y,从而可以复制出低质量版本的信号。安排一个较复杂的解码器,以将接收的代码序列y反向映射成代码序列z,代码序列z实际上是由高质量的编码器(Q2)产生的。复杂的解码器因此复制出高质量版本的所说信号。

Description

编码和解码媒体信号
技术领域
本发明涉及用于编码和解码媒体信号并且在一般情况下是音频-视频信号的方法和设备。
背景技术
用于高质量音频内容的“数字权力管理(DRM)”的建议方法之一涉及使未经许可的用户仅可得到低质量版本。然而,可以为经过许可的用户提供某些附加的信息,通常为一个密钥,允许经过许可的用户访问附加的质量层,从而可以获得原始的高质量内容。在一般情况下,附加的质量层是作为分开的和加密的比特流提供的,即作为与低质量的比特流分开的比特流提供的。在对于DVD-Audio建议的DRM方法中,可以发现这样一种双层质量处理方法的例子。
两种分开的比特流的存在具有安全方面的危险,因为加密的高质量层是很容易跟踪的,并且因此便于进行密码攻击。例如,通过播放DVD-Audio的高质量层,攻击者可以试图利用已经观察到的加密的和解密的比特流之间的关系来查找密钥。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供编码媒体信号的可替换的方法以及解码已经编码的媒体信号的对应的方法。为此目的,本发明提供根据独立权利要求中限定的方法和设备。在从属权利要求中限定了有益的实施例。
编码方法包括如下步骤:确定代码序列的范围,所说的代码序列是由第一编码器在响应由所说的编码器编码一些对应的一个或多个媒体信号样本的组时产生的。要说明的是,所说的媒体信号实际上没有由第一编码器编码。这个步骤提供可由这样一种编码器产生的代码序列的集合。优选地,第一编码器是一个相当简单的编码器,它的代码序列的解码是很容易的。它的一个例子是标量量化器。
媒体信号实际上是用一个不同的第二编码器编码的,第二编码器产生第二代码序列。优选地,第二编码器是一个高质量的编码器,它需要更加复杂的解码器来解码媒体信号。它的一个例子是矢量量化器。
本发明现在提供:将第一代码序列中的选中的一个分配给每一个实际产生的第二代码序列。这种分配是用一个映射表实现的。发送这样分配的第一代码序列。
利用本发明,实现具有第一解码器的接收器,第一解码器完成第一编码器的相反的操作(inverse operation),解码接收的第一代码序列,并且以指定的质量复制(reproduce)编码的媒体信号。具有用于完成第二编码器的相反操作的第二解码器的接收器将能够从接收的第一代码序列重构第二代码序列,并且以不同的较好质量复制媒体信号。
通过本发明,将低质量层和高质量层多路复用(multiplexed)到一个比特流中。在此当中,多路复用的比特流相对于低质量层具有某些畸变。高质量层就嵌入低质量层的这个畸变当中,并且可以通过提供合适的解码器得以利用。换言之,高质量畸变的信息已经嵌入低质量的信号中。本发明人已经给出在畸变和速率方面可以实现的理论限制(在这里没有描述)。一种可能的应用是在电子媒体传输的领域。本发明允许将单个版本的音乐歌曲和电影分配给随便哪一个低质量播放器以及要求付费许可的高质量播放器。
附图说明
借助于非限制性实例说明本发明的这些和其它的方面,本发明的这些和其它的方面将变得显而易见。在附图中,
图1示意地表示按照本发明编码方法的说明性实施例的流程图;
图2示意地表示按照本发明解码方法的说明性实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面假定媒体信号x具有在范围[0,1)内的样本x`。当通过量化操作使信号x由另一个信号x`代替时,引入一个畸变D(x,x`),这由如下的方程定义:
D(x,x′)=min{(x′-x+1)2,(x′-x)2,(x′-x-1)2}
图1示意地表示按照本发明编码方法的说明性实施例的流程图。在该方法的步骤11,将媒体信号x分割成由N个信号样本x1...xN组成的连续的组。在这个例中,假定值N=4。在步骤12,确定代码序列y1...y4的范围,代码序列y1...y4可能是由一个标量量化器Q1产生的,如果的确使用了这样一种标量量化器来量化媒体信号x的一组样本的话。标量量化器Q1量化每个样本x,使之对于x<1/2成为y=1/4,对于x≥1/2成为y=3/4。下面的表I列出了可由(理想的(hypothetical复用复用))标量量化器Q1产生的16个可能的代码序列y1...y4。为方便起见,对于每个代码序列指定了一个下标(index)j。下标j通常称之为量化系数(quantization index)。
Figure C20038010084400061
表I
由标量量化器Q1引起的畸变是D(x,y)=0.0208。量化器的速率是R=1比特/样本。
在步骤13,媒体信号x实际上是由一个矢量量化器Q2量化的。矢量量化器Q2将由4个输入样本x1...x4扫描的4维空间分割成16个子空间,并且向每个子空间分配由4个量化的信号样本z1...z4组成的一个代码序列。在此例中,矢量量化器产生量化的样本值z=1/8、z=3/8、z=5/8、z=7/8。这样,与标量量化器相比,各个信号样本可以更加精确地量化。然而,只选择量化的信号样本的16种组合,因此矢量量化器的速率等于理想的标量量化器的速率。
下面的表II列出了可由矢量量化器Q2产生的16个可能的代码序列z1...z4。再一次地,对于每个序列指定了一个下标(现在记为i)。
Figure C20038010084400071
表II
由矢量量化器Q2引入的畸变是D(x,z)=0.0197。要说明的是,对于标量量化器Q1的改进并不是很大,只有0.25分贝。量化器的速率还是R=1比特/样本。
本发明的突出特征在于步骤14,步骤14是在利用矢量量化器Q2实际量化一组信号样本之后实现的。在步骤14,向每个“经过矢量量化的”代码序列z1...z4(表II)分配选中的一个“经过标量量化的”代码序列y1...y4(表I)。这种分配是按照一个重排序映射函数j=m(i)实现的。表III表示的是在此例中使用的重排序映射。
表III
如果不发送实际获得的具有下标i的“矢量量化的”代码序列(表II),现在在步骤15发送具有下标j(表I)的“标量量化的”代码序列。例如,矢量量化为z=[3/8、1/8、7/8、5/8](下标i=4)的一个特定的输入序列x1是作为标量量化的序列y=[1/4、1/4、3/4、3/4](下标j=3)发送的。另一个矢量量化为z=[1/8、3/8、5/8、7/8](下标i=1)的输入序列x2是作为标量量化的序列y=[1/4、1/4、1/4、3/4](下标j=1)发送的。
一个简单的具有标量去量化器的接收器复制标量量化的信号序列y1...y4。于是,将上述的输入序列x1和x2分别复制为[1/4、1/4、3/4、3/4]和[1/4、1/4、1/4、3/4]。要说明的是,如果媒体信号x实际上用标量量化器Q1量化,则这两个序列x1和x2都可能量化成[1/4、1/4、3/4、3/4]。因此,在一个简单的接收器的输入信号和重构信号之间的畸变将大于标量量化器Q1的畸变D(x,y)=0.0208。最好对于重排序映射函数j=m(i)进行选择,以使x1...x4和y1...y4之间的畸变D(x,y)尽可能地小。已经发现,在表III中示出的重排序映射函数产生的畸变D(x,y)≈0.0473。
比较复杂的接收器包括矢量去量化器以复制媒体信号。图2示意地表示按照本发明的解码方法的一个说明性实施例的流程图。在步骤21,接收标量量化序列y1...y4。在步骤22,将接收的序列反向(inversely)映射到矢量量化序列z1...z4。这个反向(inverse)重排序映射是按照反向重排序映射函数i=m-1(j)(见表III)实现的。在步骤23,解码和复制序列z1...z4。应该认识到,上述的典型序列x1和x2现在分别复制成[3/8、1/8、7/8、5/8]和[1/8、3/8、5/8、7/8]。在输入信号和重构信号之间的畸变现在是D(x,y)=0.0197。因此,复杂的接收器的信号质量明显地好于简单接收器的信号质量。在一般情况下,复杂接收器更加复杂。
重排序映射函数(表III)与分配给量化序列(表I和II)的下标(i,j)的组合,构成了一个映射表,这个映射表指定了标量量化的序列和矢量量化的序列之间的关系。应该认识到,可以按照另一种方式指定下标,以使重排序函数j=m(i)是多余的。这对于下标i是特别适用的,下标i的分配是十分任意的。然而,使用重排序函数j=m(i)的优点是,这个函数可以对于未经许可的用户保持秘密,即使这些未经许可的用户在他们的安排下已经有了复杂版本的接收器亦是如此。
使用具有相同速率的简单的标量量化器Q1和比较复杂的矢量量化器Q2的本发明的一个实施例的上述的实例表示出本发明的操作和有益的效果。如以上所述的,用高质量的量化器Q2量化源X。这就意味着,对于某个下标i,X的每个代码矢量都用矢量q2(i)近似代表。因为Q1和Q2具有相同数目的代码矢量,因此有可能找到一个重排序函数j=m(i),以使q1(j)也有一个x的近似值,但在一般情况下它的质量较差。为一个未经许可的用户指定与标量量化器Q1对应的一组下标j。他就能够重构出一个低质量的X的近似值。而经过许可的用户可以访问Q2中的代码矢量并且可以反向重排序映射m(i),因此能够重构X的较好的近似值。
更加一般地总括一下,本发明公开了一种在信号的低质量版本中嵌入媒体信号(通常是音频-视频信号)的高质量恢复信息的方法。为此,要使用高质量编码器(Q2)编码信号x。将由高质量编码器产生的代码序列z映射到代码序列y,代码序列y与理想的低质量编码器(Q1)相关。发送后面的代码序列y。一个简单的解码器将解码接收的序列y,因此复制出低质量版本的信号。对于一个比较复杂的解码器进行安排,以便将接收的代码序列y反向映射成代码序列z,代码序列z实际上是由高质量编码器(Q2)产生的。因此,复杂的解码器将能复制出较高质量版本的所说信号。
虽然已经参照特定的说明性实施例描述了本发明,但是在本发明构思的范围内各种变化和改进都是可能的。因此,例如,使用动词“包括”及其动词变化形式并不排除存在除权利要求书中定义的元件和步骤以外的元件和步骤。在权利要求书中,放在括号之间的任何标号并不被认为是对于这些权利要求的限制。借助于包括几个不同的元件的硬件并且借助于适当编程的计算机就可以实施本发明。在附图中指示的某些特征在一般情况下是用软件实施的,因此代表软件实体,如软件模块或软件体。“计算机程序”应该被理解为:可以存储在计算机可读介质如软盘中的、可以经过网络如因特网下载的、或者以任何其它方式可以在市场上得到的任何软件产品。

Claims (9)

1. 一种编码媒体信号的方法,包括如下步骤:
确定第一代码序列的一个范围,所说的代码序列是由第一编码器在响应由所说的第一编码器对于对应的一个或多个媒体信号样本的组的编码而产生的;
使用第二编码器将该媒体信号样本的组实际编码成第二代码序列;
按照一个映射表将所说第一代码序列中的选中的一个分配给每个第二代码序列;
发送代表信息信号的选中的第一代码序列。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中:第二编码器的编码质量比第一编码器高。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中:第一编码器是第一量化器,第二编码器是第二量化器,对应的代码序列是量化的信号样本。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中:第一量化器是标量量化器,第二量化器是矢量量化器。
5. 一种用于编码媒体信号的设备,所说设备包括:
配置为编码对应的一个或多个媒体信号样本的组并产生响应编码的第一代码序列的一个确定的范围的第一编码器;
配置为将该媒体信号样本的组编码成第二代码序列的第二编码器;
电路配置为:
按照一个映射表将所说第一代码序列中的选中的一个分配给每个第二代码序列;及
发送代表信息信号的选中的第一代码序列。
6. 一种解码已经编码的信息信号的方法,所说的方法包括如下步骤:
接收与第一解码器相关的第一代码序列;
按照一个映射表,使所说第一代码序列由第二代码序列代替;
使用第二解码器解码第二代码序列。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中:第一和第二代码序列是量化的信号样本,对应的第一解码器是第一反向量化器,对应的第二解码器是第二反向量化器。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中:第一反向量化器是反向标量量化器,第二反向量化器是反向矢量量化器。
9. 一种用于解码已经编码的信息信号的设备,所说设备包括一个电路,配置为:接收与第一解码器相关的第一代码序列;
按照一个映射表,使所说第一代码序列由第二代码序列代替;及
配置为解码第二代码序列的第二解码器。
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