CN100459443C - Short-distance inquire communication method capable transmitting inhibit command - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method to communicate between field transmitting/receiving inquirer and at least a responder including IC with memory, including the steps: making the responder transmit a kind of information (ATR), where ATR specially carries a prohibiting-mode message and a message (RR) able to determine prompting period (PV) between two messages, making the responder transmit one or many prohibition commands according to MOD in PV, making the IC open at least a monitoring window (FE) in PV, and when FE opened, the IC can directly receive the prohibition commands.

Description

Can transmit the closely inquiry communication means of decretum inhibitorium

The application's denomination of invention that to be applicant Gemplus S. C. A submit on June 25th, 1998 is divided an application for the Chinese patent application No.98115078.0's of " can transmit the closely inquiry communication means of decretum inhibitorium ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind ofly be used to send/receive interrogator and have communication system between a plurality of electronic marker transponders of information.The present invention is not only applicable to various radio frequencies (RF) communication system, but also is applicable to any infrared ray (IR) communication system.In these systems, according to promptly deciding agreement, interrogator transmits to the electronic marker transponder, so that to its inquiry.

Background technology

These systems particularly are used in the vehicle that the identification of highway tollhouse has mark, or identification has the goods of mark warehouse-in or the commodity that sell in the shop.

Electronic marker with some purposes is " transponder " (transponder) normally, is transmission information because it mainly acts on, and especially will answer the instruction of inquiry unit.So, will always refer to transponder in the following description, in order to selected these electronic markers.

Usually, the messaging parameter of a transponder is fixed, so (performance) state of its integrated circuit of containing also is constant at its cycle in useful life remainder.

Yet this fixed performance state constitutes a kind of defective, and this is owing to can not be fit to all environmental conditions of transponder.Yet it often helps making some parameters to develop, as according to transponder suffered annoyance level in electromagnetic field, or according to the clutter that periodically occurs, change emission rate or integrated circuit sending duration.

In addition, in many application, as storage, merchandise sales mailing parcel, the variation of the product of noting having made marks.When keeping contract, more should regularly note the variation of product.

However, in some cases, need to give the transponder integrated circuit an interim or final decretum inhibitorium of determining, when the supplier does not allow to use, so that ban use of or re-use the product that has made marks.

Equally, for example when people bought a product that has made marks, it can make the transponder integrated circuit forbid temporarily, so that the alarm of exit, shop detector can not started.

Thisly temporarily forbid also can making integrated circuit to recover later on normal, so that operate, as the maintenance of product.

In this case, interrogator can be read integrated circuit memory so that understand to buy the date or shelf life of products for example.Equally also can in integrated circuit memory, write some information,, will be referred on product, carry out the various examination processing of repaying as passable.

In addition,, preferably the transponder integrated circuit is evoked definite finally forbidding, to prevent re-using to any contretemps of product that made marks in order to prevent swindle.

There have been some energy forbidden communications systems at present.Described a kind of transponder recognition system among the PCT patent application WO92/22040, when transponder of inquiry, other transponder temporarily quits work.

For this reason, each transponder comprises control, sequencing circuit and an inhibit element.The information that each transponder is received is decoded and sent to control and the sequencing circuit of its management with control: the prohibited mode that sends and enter transponder is answered in decision.When the decision of this circuit enters the prohibited mode of transponder, just transmit control signal to inhibiting apparatus.

This control circuit that is used to cause integrated circuit to be forbidden is very expensive, therefore, can not incorporate into above-mentioned economical, promptly in the above-mentioned transponder that cost price is low.

Summary of the invention

So the present invention attempts to find a kind of device of forbidding from inquiry unit energy command economy type transponder integrated circuit.

In addition, another problem of proposition is, economical transponder often is the radio frequency that is taken place by inquiry unit, or the energy that provides of infrared signal and the negatron device that produces realizes.This device connects realization by a read-only integrated circuit by two antenna contacts.

Therefore, attempt to invent a kind of from inquiry unit, the control integrated circuit inhibiting apparatus can not write the integrated circuit memory block.

The present invention proposes a kind of reliable solution: utilize a kind of simple and easy technology and economic technology, from interrogator, bringing out the control of transponder integrated circuit forbids, with the corresponding to prohibited mode of a kind of purposes, when its initialization, deposited in by transponder and mail in the message of interrogator.

Especially a kind of transmission/reception interrogator that is used for of content of the present invention, energy emitted energy field, and has a communication system between the transponder of integrated circuit of memory, its main feature is, when presetting the response answer, it is information (MOD) and a kind of message (ATR) of determining the information (RR) of time prompting work period (PV) between two message of feature that one of transponder transmission especially has with its prohibited mode, and interrogator can be launched one or more decretum inhibitoriums according to logging mode (MOD) during this period.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, send message (ATR) afterwards, the transponder transmission (CMID, TMID, APID, TID, CRC) information is so that confirm.

Another characteristics according to the present invention, integrated circuit are opened one at least and are monitored window FE, in the prompting work period (PV), can receive the decretum inhibitorium signal that is sent by inquisitor.

Another characteristics according to the present invention, the time of opening that will monitor window (FE) according to the type (TID) and the information of definite work period (PV) (RR) of transponder is recorded in the memory of inquisitor.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, monitor window FE and in one or more continuous work periods, start.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, the work period PV duration of integrated circuit is fixing or changes.

When the duration of these work periods PV is fixedly the time, and its duration is consistent with the duration of a byte, and each time of opening of monitoring window FE is to be stipulated by the position of a bit of the byte of determining the relevant work cycle.

On the contrary, when the work period PV duration can change, its duration is to determine according to pseudo random sequence, generally between a bit and 16 bit durations, the time of opening of monitoring window FE is according to a pseudo random sequence, determines by the bit position that the corresponding work cycle is predetermined.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, decretum inhibitorium is to eliminate the energy magnetic field by the inquisitor emission in the short cycle.

Preferably inquisitor sends the decretum inhibitorium of certain predetermined quantity to monitoring window FE with interruption pulse form (PCI).

The various prohibited modes of the integrated circuit of transponder are: forbid that fully finally part is finally forbidden, all forbids temporarily and partly forbids temporarily.

By this communication system, the integrated circuit of transponder, no matter which kind of type (read/write, or read-only) all can detect by appearance or the disappearance through formula or ultrared energy magnetic field of the electromagnetism of inquisitor emission.In fact, active integrated circuit have enough definition to detect changes of magnetic field, and for a passive type integrated circuit, this magnetic field is a necessary condition of its running.

Realize forbidding control by electromagnetic field or ultrared change.This change is to interrupt magnetic field.Preferably monitor window and implement this interruption according to one group of sequence according to the transponder integrated circuit.

In such a way, decretum inhibitorium is sent to special integrated circuit, or send to as the integrated circuit family in a certain application.

Chuan Shu decretum inhibitorium can be prevented the change of information in the integrated circuit memory like this.

According to the present invention, this system can use the very economical transponder of low price, because of they can be only with the manufacturing of passive type integrated circuit, i.e. read-only, do not have demodulation and decoding circuit to install with a write type integrated circuit usually, do not need control circuit and be used to start the equipment of forbidding of forbidding.

Description of drawings

Pass through to read specification in conjunction with accompanying drawing, will find other characteristics of the present invention and benefit as embodiment, but not limited thereto:

Fig. 1 is the structure of transponder integrated circuit memory.

Fig. 2 is the main schematic diagram of transmission decretum inhibitorium between inquisitor and the economical transponder.

Embodiment

The communication system of describing in the specification back is a kind of radio frequency (RF) communication system.Yet, the invention is not restricted to the system of the type, and can be applicable to the infrared communication system by the same manner.

When being the RF communication system, incorporating rectifier bridge in the transponder into for one and can from the radiofrequency signal that inquisitor takes place, extract the power supply energy.When the voltage that obtains at the transponder terminal reaches predetermined value, consistent with the transponder supply power voltage, transponder is started working or initial value is set, and beginning sends data to inquisitor.

The communication data of inquisitor exists among non-volatile memory MNV of transponder integrated circuit at least.This nonvolatile memory is an EEPROM formula electronic program memory, or ROM or PROM formula static memory.This memory MNV structure as shown in fig. 1.

The integrated circuit nonvolatile memory is divided into a plurality of data storage areas.The order of first district is made of many bytes for ATR (from english terminology " Answer To Reset "), describes a piece of news in detail, has concentrated the peculiar information that exchanges agreement and integrated circuit.This message is sent to inquisitor, so that transponder starts.

Other distinguishes CMD1, and TMID, APID, TID and CRC can be used as definite respectively integrated circuit manufacturer, the type of transponder manufacturer, purposes, transponder, or as wrong control circuit.

Integrated circuit manufacturer name or transponder manufacturer name are useful to the production of opposing tablet production or similar transponder.

TID information is very important, because some data is according to the transponder type of using, is recorded in the inquisitor memory.Other district can be used as other data of storage.

ATR district message especially comprises the distinctive MOD information of integrated circuit inhibited mode.Preferably this information is placed ATR top, read the decoding of handling and being convenient to inquisitor so that accelerate the integrated circuit memory content.

Forbid mode for four kinds: all finally forbid, partly finally forbid, all temporarily forbid and partly temporarily forbid.For whether definite integrated circuit is under an embargo, if, in order to determine its inhibited mode, the most handy three bits of encoded of MOD information.Use different inhibited modes and its order to be described in detail below.

Another MS information of ATR message can be determined the integrated circuit memory capacity.In an embodiment of the present invention, this information can be by three bits of encoded.Therefore, by this information, inquisitor can improve itself and transponder integrated circuit to visiting.People can be to memory span value coding, between 80 and 16 kilobits.With effective and efficient manner the value consistent with the MS coded message is stored in the inquisitor memory.

On the other hand, RR information can determine to carry out data transmission manner between integrated circuit and inquisitor.In fact,, help making the integrated circuit memory content delivery to repeat, it is separated by the quiet hour, specify monitoring period PV again in order to prevent periodic source some clutter in the radio frequency of industry.

During these monitoring periods, can not read the content of integrated circuit memory.These duration in cycle are to determine with fixing or variation pattern.Therefore, the bit of ATR can be circulated a notice of repetition type program transmission data to inquisitor.

When coding RR information bit is O, the PV monitoring period duration is fixed, and consistent with the duration of byte.Integrated circuit is monitored window FE and is determined that in these monitoring periods in determining monitoring window process, integrated circuit attentively causes, and can detect from the inquisitor decretum inhibitorium.Each time of opening of monitoring window FE is to be determined by the state of the byte position of corresponding PV monitoring period.

In opposite situation, coded message RR position is 1, and the PV monitoring period duration is variable, at one and 16 bit durations.Integrated circuit is monitored window FE and is determined with pseudo-random fashion in Looking Out Time.

To more in depth introduce the effect of RR information below.

At last, DR information is determined transmittability, i.e. exchange velocity between transponder and the inquisitor.It can be 2 codings, so that can use according to it, determines four different values of the maximum transfer speed that integrated circuit is accepted.The corresponding maximum speed value of each sign indicating number is recorded in the inquisitor memory fully.

Because understand transponder transmission maximum speed value, inquisitor can be adjusted its transmission speed and this final speed fit according to the radio frequency environment condition.Can prevent from like this to answer collision problem between a plurality of transponders, and can remove periodic noise and disturb.

Under the situation that electromagnetic field is interfered, inquiry unit can slow down transmission speed, to reduce the mistake that may occur in the message interpretation.

On the contrary, when environment is favourable, promptly when not having too much interference, can improve speed, will the transmission time narrow down to minimum level up to the maximum speed that allows.In one embodiment, the maximum speed of transmission can be per second 1655 bits, 3310 bits, 13242 bits, or 26484 bits.

In transport applications, i.e. the highway transit duty, it improves maximal rate data to integrated circuit in requisition for circular, as each second maximum speed be 26484 bits.On the contrary, when being when determining contract, not needing same high speed, is motionless because make markd product, so in this case can be with speed stuck-at-655 or 3310 bits/each second.

The peculiar information of determining in the ATR message preferably sends to inquiry unit, starts transponder.Use traditional method then,, make the dialogue of inquiry unit and transponder with the form of question and answer.

Schematic view illustrating is from inquiry unit among Fig. 2, transponder integrated circuit decretum inhibitorium transmission principle.

The electromagnetic field by the inquiry unit emission is at least once eliminated in decretum inhibitorium in the cycle of short duration.The state of control command represents with Roman number III that in Fig. 2 order comprises electromagnetic field interruption pulse PCI1, PCI2, PCI3 as shown in the figure.Number of pulses how much, and is predetermined according to the kind of each integrated circuit.The example of introducing in Fig. 2, umber of pulse are three.Like this, when integrated circuit detected three stop pulse PCI of electromagnetic field, it will be forbidden automatically.

Yet these interruption pulses should not carry out at any time.In fact, forbidding integrated circuit monitoring precise time, need to change electromagnetic field.Determine these listening periods by monitoring window FE.Its duration preferably equals the duration of a bit.These are to determine from monitoring period PV, and they oneself then are to determine in the RR of message ATR information.

In fact information RR contain at least a bit can determine to point out time work period PV its specify and to be used for interrupting the integrated circuit memory content and to read.These promptings are fixed cycle time, or change according to information RR encoding ratio paricular value.

In example shown in Figure 2, for the ease of understanding, prompting PV cycle time fixes, in this case, corresponding one eight (binary number) bytes of each cycle prompt time PV, a bit has a very definite time knownly.

Advantageously, first indication cycle PV1 is produced by the ERROR CONTROL circuit characteristic signal CRC of integrated circuit, so that a few thing of first prompting cycle and the back prompting cycle all is different from a transponder to another transponder.

The monitoring window FE of integrated circuit is opening in the cycle PV in prompting by predetermined instant under the sort of situation, so that the decretum inhibitorium signal that integrated circuit is absorbed in transmitted by transponder.

The time of each monitoring window is the time of a corresponding bit all.The sequence of determining the moment that the monitoring window is opened is given by the position of a bit in a prompting cycle.Advantageously the position of this bit for forbid in three used prompting cycles in succession each all will be different.

This sequence not only is programmed in when making in the integrated circuit but also along with the type (information TID) of transponder and determine the information RR of prompting PV cycle time and change in the memory of typing interrogator.

Like this, on Fig. 2 in the represented example, three of integrated circuit monitor windows respectively by three continuous prompting cycle PV1 of set time, PV2, and 2,6 and 4 bits of PV3 start.

This shows: when bit from 0 to 7 numbering, first is monitored window FE 1 and starts after the time that equals (n+1) bit, the bit number number of n when opening corresponding to the FE1 window, or start after the time of 3 bits in first prompting cycle PV1.Equally, monitor window FE2 for second and after second is indicated the time of 7 bits among the cycle PV2, open, and the 3rd unlatching of monitoring window FE3 occurred in after the time of 5 bits among the 3rd the prompting cycle PV3.

So, can survey three decretum inhibitoriums that send with disabling pulse form PCI1, PCI2, PCI3 by interrogator for integrated circuit, just must be that these back three pulses are all carried out three corresponding monitorings in window FE1, FE2, the FE3, these three windows are respectively by pointing out cycle PV1 in succession, PV2,2,6 and 4 bits of PV3 are determined.

Described example is not complete, also has a lot of flexible programs of implementing.Like this, might can contain a plurality of integrated circuits monitoring window FE by a prompting cycle PV.

In addition, the monitoring window of integrated circuit can be determined in several successive or discrete prompting cycle.

Implement flexible program according to another kind, the time PV in prompting cycle can change.In this case, it was included within the time of time of a bit and 2 eight bit bytes.

Thereby the time in each prompting cycle can change according to the sequence of determining with pseudo-random fashion.During beginning, the ERROR CONTROL circuit of integrated circuit sends one to interrogator can determine first prompting PV1 cycle time and starting information constantly thereof.The prompting of back is determined according to the pseudo random sequence that is stored in the interrogator memory cycle time subsequently, changes along with the type of transponder, that is to say along with information TID to change, and just it is programmed in integrated circuit and has suffered when making.For example this sequence is as follows: 5 bits, 13 bits, 1 bit, 9 bits, 4 bits, 12 bits, 16 bits, 8 bits, 7 bits, 15 bits, 3 bits, 11 bits, 6 bits, 14 bits, 2 bits and 10 bits,

Therefore, when first prompting cycle time when determining at 9 bits, then will there be the time of 4 bits in the cycle of back, by that analogy.Equally, all be different from a transponder to another transponder prompting cycle.

Monitor window FE, its time, they all in prompting cycle PV, were opened by a determined moment of bit position corresponding to the time of a bit.According to the prompting cycle PV time, determine that it is different that monitoring window FE opens bit constantly.The sequence that this bit will be programmed in integrated circuit when making and selected with pseudo-random fashion, this programmed sequence changes along with the type (TID) of transponder and programming repeat type (RR) and is stored in the transponder.This sequence table is shown in the following table:

Prompting PV cycle time monitors the starting bit of window FE

16 8

1 0

2 0

3 1

4 2

5 3

6 2

7 3

8 4

9 5

10 4

11 5

12 6

13 7

14 6

15 7

Therefore, when prompting cycle time of integrated circuit such as to time of 14 bits the time, integrated circuit just is programmed when it is made, for the corresponding window of monitoring is opened by the 6th bit.

In addition, when forbidding it being temporary transient, then its time can be with relevant by the delay of integrated circuit control.This postpones to be controlled by the internal clocking of integrated circuit.At the transponder integrated circuit is under the situation of passive passive-type integrated circuit, and received RF signal can drive the generation circuit of internal clocking.

According to a kind of enforcement modification, might accomplish make the transponder control integrated circuit forbid begin and finish.In this case, the end of forbidding is such as being controlled by the operation of one or several electromagnetic field in the same way.

By means of native system, decretum inhibitorium can need not to carry out sending integrated circuit under any situation about writing in its memory, therefore this just might be forbidden that these Eco-power transponders that is to say such as making based on read-only type integrated circuit with passive passive-type integrated circuit to those Eco-power transponders.

It is a lot of that some of system of the present invention are replied, and can only therefrom point out several so that understand the present invention better arbitrarily.

Under the situation of the sale of marked articles or storage, such as some computers or photocopier, may be more favourable still, such as when paying the bill, should send decretum inhibitorium to the transponder integrated circuit, for the inoperative detector alarm that is installed in the exit, shop, perhaps when the warehouse shipment in order not allow integrated circuit in transportation, be excited.In this case, performed decretum inhibitorium is preferably temporary transient.In fact this demonstrates and helps remotivating the integrated circuit of transponder so that such as carrying out later holding property of difficulty operation.

Temporary transient forbids it may being completely, and the detector that for example is positioned on the exit, shop can not carry out any detection under the sort of situation.

Yet preferably local temporary transient the forbidding (inhibition) of control integrated circuit in some cases.In fact, by means of the decretum inhibitorium of this part, integrated circuit can transmit a kind of like this message, it show decretum inhibitorium be exist but it has been suppressed by of short duration.The detector that is positioned on shop outlet or exit, warehouse by this way may detect the situation of passing through inoperative again its warning simultaneously of marking product.Like this, detector just can detect such as the product quantity of having sold, and this quantity especially can be used to check the account-book statistics in warehouse.

Integrated circuit is remotivated subsequently, or after the certain hour that is postponed by the IC interior clock, or is excited by employed interrogator afterwards, in order that such as carrying out some maintenance operation.

When carrying out these maintenance operations, interrogator just can be read some information such as the Close Date etc. that is guarantee in the memory content of integrated circuit.In addition, if integrated circuit allows, interrogator can also be controlled writing of some information in a memory, and these information for example relate to the intervention date of relevant product or the certain operations of being carried out.

What another application related to is the parcel post sendings that the marking product is housed.In this case, may interestedly be, arrived the destination when the addressee receives that when parcel forbids handling to the integrated circuit of transponder in mode temporary transient or that determine so that can detect parcel, therefore also just made variously possible to require item easier.

At last, under some other situation, must forbid handling to the integrated circuit of transponder in the mode of determining, in order to avoid the marking product without variously utilizing again of being authorized.

The inhibition of determining (forbidding) can be local, so that integrated circuit can be launched a kind of message always, it is specified and is used for showing the existence of inhibition and the situation that can not cut any ice.Like this, to forbid checking integrated circuit not damage inoperative in the part.

That determines forbids it can also being completely in addition.Integrated circuit does not carry out any work and it and under any circumstance can not damage inoperative integrated circuit and distinguish mutually with one in this case.

Claims (12)

1. one kind is used for can launching a kind of transmission of energy field/reception interrogator and at least one comprises the communication means that communicates between the transponder of the integrated circuit that has memory, and described method is characterised in that and may further comprise the steps:

Make the transponder response initialization and send a kind of message, it is information and a kind of information of determining to point out between two message cycle time of feature that described message is loaded with specially with its prohibited mode,

Make interrogator send one or more decretum inhibitoriums according to logging mode in cycle time in prompting,

Make described integrated circuit open one at least in the prompting cycle and monitor window, described integrated circuit can receive the decretum inhibitorium that is sent by interrogator when window is opened,

Make transponder send the later transmission of message can be to its information of being confirmed,

Be recorded in the memory of interrogator monitoring the moment that window opens, this is along with the type of transponder and can determine to point out the information of cycle time to change, and

Make and monitor window and in one or more continuous or discrete prompting cycles, open.

2. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described prompting cycle of integrated circuit is the fixed or changed time.

3. communication means according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when prompting is fixedly the time cycle time, it is just corresponding to time of a byte, and each monitor window to open constantly be determined by a position that pre-determines bit of this byte, it can determine the corresponding prompt cycle.

4. communication means according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when each prompting changes cycle time, it just was between the time of time of a bit and 16 bits, and determine according to a pseudo random sequence, and each to monitor opening of window constantly be definite according to a pseudo random sequence by the position of the predetermined bit in corresponding prompt cycle.

5. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the energy field of being launched by interrogator is eliminated in decretum inhibitorium in the short period.

6. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Make interrogator in monitoring window, send the decretum inhibitorium of predetermined number with the form of disabling pulse.

7. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the various prohibited mode of integrated circuit is: completely specifiedly forbid, local determine forbid, be of short duration forbidding and local of short duration forbidding fully.

8. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when forbidding when being temporary transient, make interrogator control beginning and finish.

9. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when forbidding that when being temporary transient, then its time is postponed by the internal clocking of the integrated circuit of transponder.

10. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: mainly adopt radio frequency to communicate.

11. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: mainly adopt infrared ray to communicate.

12. communication means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: integrated circuit is the read-only integrated circuit of passive passive-type.

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