CN100490595C - 发光二极管控制装置 - Google Patents

发光二极管控制装置 Download PDF

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CN100490595C
CN100490595C CNB028208730A CN02820873A CN100490595C CN 100490595 C CN100490595 C CN 100490595C CN B028208730 A CNB028208730 A CN B028208730A CN 02820873 A CN02820873 A CN 02820873A CN 100490595 C CN100490595 C CN 100490595C
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CN1575623A (zh
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F·J·P·舒尔曼斯
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/22—Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Abstract

一种用来控制基于RGB的LED发光体的装置，该装置测量过滤光敏二极管和非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号，并将该照明的红，绿和蓝LED每一个的这些值和色度坐标联系起来。根据该红，绿和蓝LED每一个的色度坐标和期望的混和色彩光的色度坐标之间的差值，调整驱动该LED发光体的正向电流。

Description

发光二极管控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及基于RGB的LED发光体，更具体地，本发明涉及用来控制基于RGB的LED发光体的装置，在该装置中，根据所测得的每个LED输出的实际波长和每个LED期望波长之间的波长差，调整该LED发光体，使得该LED发光体产生期望的颜色和照明度。
背景技术
正如本领域中众所周知的那样，基于红，绿和蓝(RGB)发光二极管(LED)的发光体产生不同颜色的光，当这些不同颜色的光经过适当地混和，就产生白光。基于RGB LED的发光体广泛地应用于，例如LCD背光，民用冷冻柜照明和白光照明等应用中。使用基于LED的发光体进行照明存在一些难点，因为各个RGB LED的光学特性随着温度，正向电流和老化而变化。另外，相同的LED生产过程的每一批LED的特性都明显不同，不同厂家的LED特性也明显不同。因此，由基于RGB的LED发光体产生的光学特性可能显著不同，如果没有合适的反馈系统的话，将不能获得期望的色彩和所需的白光照明度。
控制RGB LED白光发光体的一个已知系统使用了流明反馈温度前馈控制系统，该系统控制白LED发光体，使之提供恒定色彩的光及固定的流明输出。该温度前馈控制系统对色温变化提供补偿，并提供基准流明。该流明反馈控制系统将每个RGB LED流明调整到基准流明。这种类型的控制系统需要每个类型的LED特性随温度变化，这需要昂贵的工厂校准。另外，该控制系统也需要简短地关断该LED以便进行光测量。关断该LED光源会使得光源闪烁。因此电源必须有相对较快的反应时间。另外，需要使用PWM(脉宽调制)驱动方法以克服该LED随正向电流而变化。由于使用了该PWM控制，因此该实施变得复杂，另外也不能充分利用该LED。
另一种已知现有技术系统将基于RGB的LED发光体的混和输出光的反馈三色值(x，y，L)和期望光的三色值表示进行比较，并调整该LED发光体的正向电流，使得该三色值的差减小到零。该系统控制包括反馈单元和控制器，该反馈单元包括产生该LED发光体的反馈三色值的光敏二极管，该控制器用来获取反馈三色值和期望的基准三色值之间的差值。该系统产生控制电压，该控制电压调整该LED发光体的正向电流，以便将该三色值的差值减小到零。
被比较的三色值可以是CIE 1931三色系统下的或者是新的RGB色度系统下的。在任一种情况下，该发光体的控制都跟踪基准三色值。因此，在反馈三色值与期望基准三色值一致的稳定状态下，由LED发光体产生的光具有期望的目标色温和流明输出，不管该LED的结温度，正向电流和老化如何不同，该色温和流明输出都被调整到目标值。
这些现有技术方法的效率和精确度取决于它们检测白色点的CIE色度坐标和照明强度L的能力。在该领域中，需要一种控制基于RGB的LED发光体的系统和方法，这种控制与检测白色点的CIE色度坐标和照明强度无关。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于克服控制基于RGB的LED发光体的现有技术系统和方法的缺点。
根据本发明的一种形式，LED发光体控制系统包括红，绿和蓝(RGB)发光二极管(LED)，该发光二极管由正向电流驱动产生混和色彩光，包括以下步骤：
对该LED发光体的红，绿和蓝LED每一个的过滤光敏二极管的输出信号进行测量；
对该LED发光体的红，绿和蓝LED每一个的非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号进行测量；
将红，绿和蓝LED每一个的非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号除以过滤光敏二极管的输出信号，计算光敏二极管输出信号比；
利用该光敏二极管输出信号比确定红，绿和蓝LED每一个的色度坐标；和
调整红，绿和蓝LED每一个的正向电流，以产生期望颜色的光。
根据本发明的另一种形式，LED发光体控制系统包括红，绿和蓝(RGB)发光二极管(LED)，该发光二极管由正向电流驱动产生混和色彩光，该系统包括：
反馈单元，该反馈单元生成由所述LED发光体产生的混和色彩光的反馈值表示，所述反馈值对应于光敏二极管的输出信号；和
控制器，该控制器获取所述反馈值和期望的混和色彩光基准值表示之间的差值，所述控制器根据所述差值调整所述正向电流。
通过以下对示例的实施例的详细描述，并参考附图，可以了解本发明的这些和其它目的，特征和优点。
附图简述
图1是包括根据本发明的检测装置的基于RGB的LED发光体的原理图；和
图2是用来说明根据本发明的控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
RGB LED可用来产生白光。这并不新奇。在荧光管照明和电视机中使用了同样的原理，两者都是基于荧光粉发射，而不是LED发光。在色度学领域中，色彩由色度坐标来量化，其中应用最广泛的是CIE(Commission Internationale de 1’Eclairage)1931(x，y，L)色度坐标。这里x和y组合定义色彩，而L定义光的亮度即发光度。该系统基于平均观察者的眼睛反应，是国际上接受的标准。
恒定产生高质量的白光主要依赖于使灯具有近似同样的色度坐标。换句话说，对于灯的生产商来说，重要的是特定种类的每盏灯对于用户/观察者来说在视觉上都是相同的。在荧光管照明的情况下，这可以通过将不同颜色的荧光粉以合适的比例混和起来实现。这是一个简单的过程，可以得到近似相同的荧光管。对于RGB LED发光体的生产商来说这就不那么简单了。在第一种情况下，可以说为了取得期望色彩的光(白点)，只需一次计算出单个RGB LED的适合的驱动电流需要是多少。假如特定色彩的所有LED都是一样的，那么这将是正确的。但是，情况并不是这样。在LED的生产过程中，每个LED的物理特性和性能的显著不同是不可避免的。例如，一批生产出来的各个绿LED的性能可能显著不同，有时相差至少两倍。假如使用这种LED而不考虑性能上的差异的话，那么由于使用这些LED的不同灯之间的白点差别很大，因此将导致产品性能不一致。这个问题需要解决。
对于这个问题通常的解决方法是对LED分级。即测量每个LED的相关物理属性，对它们进行分类，并对LED经过选择性组合来生产产品。该方法除了在物流方面上是个恶梦(即非常昂贵)外，它还不能解决所有问题。在灯制造好以后，LED特性改变(这称为LED老化)，使得过了一段时间后色彩点发生变化。保证该灯从生产到有效期保持一致的色彩点的唯一方法是在该灯的整个有效期内不断测量色彩点，并相应调整驱动电流(或者脉宽调制占空比)，以取得并维持期望的白点。本发明公开了一种使用过滤和非过滤光敏二极管的信号，测量和控制基于RGB LED的照明的色彩点的方法。
现在参考附图的图1，示出了使用三边过滤光敏二极管与非过滤光敏二极管结合来检测RGB LED白发光体的色彩点的装置。该系统包括白色LED发光体10，反馈单元20和控制器30。作为示例的实施例，这里描述了白色LED发光体10，但是应当理解本发明可以应用于任何其它色彩的LED发光体。
该白色LED发光体10包括红，绿和蓝(RGB)LED光源11R，11G和11B，光学装置和散热器12，和具有三个独立的红，绿和蓝驱动器14R，14G和14B的电源13。每个LED光源由多个具有类似的电特性和光学特性的LED组成，如本领域所熟知的，这些LED进行适当的串联和并联组合连接以便成为光源。这些LED固定在散热器上，它们在散热器上的排列取决于该白色LED发光体10的应用，如背光和冷冻柜的白光照明。根据应用情况，使用合适的光学装置来混和该RGB LED光源11R，11G，11B的光，以产生白光。
该LED光源11R，11G，11B由电源13驱动，该电源13包括该RGBLED光源的三个独立驱动器14R，14G和14B。该LED光源的电源和驱动器基于合适的AC-DC，DC/DC变换器布局。该RGB LED驱动器以控制电压VCR-REF，VCG-REF和VCB-REF的形式从控制器30接收LED正向电流基准信号，并向该RGB LED光源提供必要的控制电压和/或正向电流。该LED驱动器包含电流反馈和适合的电流控制系统，这使得该LED正向电流和其基准值一致。这里，对于驱动该LED光源的各个正向电流来说，控制电压VCR-REF，VCG-REF和VCB-REF是电流控制系统的基准值。
在优选实施例中，反馈单元20包括三个过滤光敏二极管21R，21G，21B和非过滤光敏二极管22。该反馈单元包括必要的放大器和信号转换电路，以便将该过滤和非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号转换成控制器30可以用的电信号。该过滤和非过滤光敏二极管安装在光学装置12中的合适位置上，使得该光敏二极管可以接收到来自LED光源11R，11G，11B的充分混和的光。因此，相应的光电流高于噪声电平，并可以从任何噪声(其它光)中分辨出来。该光敏二极管也可以进行屏蔽，这样该光敏二极管就不会测量杂散光和外界光了。该光敏二极管的详细布局因应用不同而不同。该放大器和信号转换电路将该光电流转换成适当放大的电压信号。
该控制器30包括用户界面31，基准信号发生器32和用来实现控制功能的控制功能电路33。该控制器30可以是模拟形式或数字形式。在该优选实施例中，该控制器是数字形式的，使用了微处理器和/或微控制器。该用户界面31获得用户所期望的光的白色点和流明输出，并将这些输入转换成合适的电信号，然后将该电信号提供给基准信号发生器32，该基准信号发生器将该电信号和该期望白色点的色度坐标对应起来。如下所述，该色度坐标和来自反馈单元20的反馈信号一起供给控制器33。
该控制器30包含必要的控制功能单元33，以便跟踪和控制由白色LED发光体10产生的光。用户界面31提供了白光的期望色彩和流明输出，该用户界面31的输出提供给基准信号发生器32，基于用户的输入信号，该基准信号发生器32导出必要的色度坐标，该色度坐标提供给控制功能单元33。该控制功能单元33的反馈信号从反馈单元20的输出导出。该反馈信号提供给控制功能单元，该控制功能单元测定该白色LED发光体的RGB LED的色度坐标(基于光敏二极管的输出)和由基准信号发生器提供的期望色彩光的色度坐标之间的差值。基于对该反馈信号的分析(如下所述)，该控制器为电源13和LED驱动器14R，14G，14B提供必要的控制电压VCR-REF，VCG-REF和VCB-REF，而该反馈信号又改变该LED光源的正向电流，以提供期望色彩的光。优选地，在该发光体的有效期内，该反馈持续工作，以提供稳定的色彩点。
现在将详细描述控制LED发光体的方法，该LED发光体包括红，绿和蓝(RGB)发光二极管(LED)，这些发光二极管由正向电流驱动，从而产生彩色光。应当指出，最初必须将多个期望的色彩点的色度坐标提供给该基准信号发生器，这样当用户输入期望色彩的光时，就可以将相应的坐标提供给该控制功能单元。另外，必须将该发光体中使用的那种类型的红，绿和蓝LED每一个的LUT存储起来，优选地存储在控制器单元内部的存储器中，以便与该反馈单元20提供的测得的反馈信号对应起来，从而估计在该照明中使用的红，绿和蓝LED的色度坐标。
在优选实施例中，对于每种类型的LED，都生成一个查找表(即一个红LED的查找表，一个绿LED的查找表，一个蓝LED的查找表)。通过测量每一组LED的边缘过滤光敏二极管的输出信号(F)和非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号(A)，生成该查找表。此外，还测量定义该LED的特性的色度坐标x，y，和发光效力E。测得的发光度(从分光计得到)除以非过滤光敏二极管输出信号，得到发光效力E(即E＝L/A)。在测量多个LED的基础上，确定过滤光敏二极管输出信号(F)和非过滤光敏二极管输出信号(A)的比率(F/A)，色度坐标x和y，以及发光效力E之间的关系。
在该查找表生成之后，将其存储在存储器中，以供该控制功能电路33访问。假如以前该LED的制造商已经生成了该查找表，那么将该信息下载到该系统存储器中。
参考图2，示出了控制LED发光体的方法。该方法包括在白光LED发光体工作之后，对该过滤和非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号进行测量(步骤100)。如上所述，在该优选实施例中，使用了三个独立过滤光敏二极管。一个过滤光敏二极管21R测量红LED的输出，一个过滤光敏二极管21G测量绿LED的输出，一个过滤光敏二极管21B测量蓝LED的输出。该装置还包括一个非过滤光敏二极管，用来测量该红，绿和蓝LED的非过滤输出。在该优选实施例中，通过交替关断三个LED中的两个，从而只测量一个当前工作的LED，这样就实现了使用一个光敏二极管来测量该红，绿和蓝LED的非过滤光敏二极管输出信号。即，为了测量该红LED的非过滤光敏二极管输出信号，暂时关断该绿和蓝LED，为了测量该绿LED的非过滤光敏二极管输出信号，暂时关断该红和蓝LED，而为了测量该蓝LED的非过滤光敏二极管输出信号，暂时关断该红和绿LED。
将该过滤光敏二极管输出信号(F)和非过滤光敏二极管输出信号(A)提供给该控制功能电路33，通过用红，绿和蓝LED每一个的过滤光敏二极管的输出信号(F)除非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号(A)，该控制功能电路33产生光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)(步骤105)。然后将红，绿和蓝LED每一个的光敏二极管输出信号比和存储在控制功能电路中的相应的红，绿和蓝查找表相比较(步骤110)。根据该红，绿和蓝LED的光敏二极管输出信号比，从该查找表中可以获得该红，绿和蓝LED的色度坐标(XLUT，YLUT)和发光效力(ELUT)。
然后，得到对该发光体的红，绿和蓝LED的实际色彩点(x，y和L)的最佳估计值(步骤115)。该x和y色度坐标的最佳估计值对应于相应的查找表中的x和y坐标。将发光效力(ELUT)乘以反馈单元20中测得的非过滤光敏二极管输出信号(A)，计算出该红，绿和蓝LED每一个的发光度。然后比较该白光LED发光体的色彩点的估计值，看看它与用户通过用户界面31输入的期望色彩点是否有所不同(步骤120)。假如存在不同，在该白光发光体的红，绿和蓝LED的当前色彩点最佳估计值的基础上，对每个LED的输出进行修正，以产生期望的白色点(由用户通过用户界面31提供的色彩点)(步骤125)。即基于估计的色彩点，该控制器产生供给LED驱动器的控制电压和正向电流(使用标准色彩混和)，以修正该红，绿和蓝LED的输出，从而提供由用户输入的期望白光。
本发明的优点在于，该方法不需要通过工厂校准来获得该LED的与温度有关的特性。另外，它克服了该LED每一批之间的不同，由于可以使用一批中的任何LED，这就可以导致费用明显降低。
尽管这里参考附图对本发明的示意性实施例进行了说明，但是应当理解，本发明不限于这些精确的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以在不背离本发明的范围和精神的条件下，对其进行其它各种变化和修改。例如，不使用三个过滤光敏二极管和一个非过滤光敏二极管，而使用一个光敏二极管和旋转色轮来产生需要的过滤和非过滤光敏二极管输出信号。另外，不使用一个非过滤光敏二极管，而使用三个单独的非过滤光敏二极管，分别对应于RGB三个LED。

Claims (14)

1.一种发光二极管发光体控制系统(10)，包括红、绿和蓝(RGB)发光二极管(11R，11G，11B)，该发光二极管由正向电流驱动，从而产生混和色彩光，该系统包含：
反馈单元(20)，用于生成表示由所述发光二极管发光体(10)所产生的混和色彩光的反馈值，所述反馈值对应于光敏二极管(21，22)的输出信号；和
控制器(30)，操作时耦合到所述反馈单元(20)，用于确定所述反馈值和表示期望的混和色彩光的基准值之间的差值，所述控制器根据所述差值调整控制电压和正向电流中的至少一个；
特征在于，所述反馈单元包含第一、第二和第三过滤光敏二极管(Rp，Gp，Bp)，其适于分别产生所述第一、第二和第三光敏二极管(Rp，Gp，Bp)的输出信号(F)，以及非过滤光敏二极管(22)，其适于产生所述红、绿和蓝发光二极管(11R，11G，11B)每一个的输出信号(A)；
所述控制器(30)适于通过将所述红、绿和蓝发光二极管的过滤光敏二极管输出信号分别除以所述红、绿和蓝发光二极管的非过滤光敏二极管输出信号，计算光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)，利用该光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)来确定红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的色度坐标，并调整该红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的正向电流以便产生期望的混和色彩光。
2.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中所述控制器通过访问查找表，确定该红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的色度坐标，所述查找表包括红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)和色度坐标之间的关系。
3.根据权利要求1或2的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中每个过滤光敏二极管(21)对应于边缘过滤光敏二极管，该边缘过滤光敏二极管包含光学彩色玻璃过滤器，该过滤器传播较长波长的光，吸收较短波长的光，并具有以一个截止波长为中心的波长转换范围。
4.根据权利要求3的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中所述红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的过滤光敏二极管的截止波长分别是610nm，530nm和470nm。
5.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中所述反馈单元进一步包含放大器和用来将所述光敏二极管的输出光电流转换成电压信号的信号转换电路。
6.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中所述反馈单元进一步包含用来将所述反馈值提供给所述控制器的装置。
7.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，进一步包含用户界面(31)，该用户界面(31)操作时耦合到所述控制器(30)上，以便用户选择所述的期望的混和色彩光。
8.根据权利要求7的发光二极管发光体控制系统，进一步包含存储器(32)，该存储器操作时耦合到所述控制器上，以便将表示所述期望的混和色彩光的基准值存储起来，并将其提供给所述控制器。
9.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中所述基准值对应于CIE 1931色度坐标系统的色度坐标。
10.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，其中所述基准值对应于一种RGB色度系统中的色度坐标。
11.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，进一步包含电压发生器(33)，该电压发生器(33)操作时耦合到所述控制器(30)上，该控制器(30)根据所述反馈值和所述基准值之间的差值生成控制电压，所述控制器将所述控制电压施加到所述发光二极管发光体(10)的红，绿和蓝发光二极管(11R，11G，11B)每一个的发光二极管驱动器(14R，14G，14B)上，以便调整红，绿，蓝发光二极管每一个的正向电流，从而产生期望色彩的光。
12.根据权利要求1的发光二极管发光体控制系统，进一步包含存储器(32)，该存储器(32)操作时耦合到控制器上，以便预先存储多个用户可能选择的期望的混和色彩光。
13.一种用于控制基于发光二极管的发光体的方法，其中所述基于发光二极管的发光体包括由正向电流驱动来产生混合色彩光的红色、绿色和蓝色发光二极管(11R、11G、11B)，所述方法包括：
对于红色、绿色和蓝色发光二极管中的每一个，测量(100)过滤光敏二极管的输出信号(F)，
对于发光二极管发光体的每个红色、绿色和蓝色发光二极管，测量(100)非过滤光敏二极管的输出信号(A)，
对于所述红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个，通过将所述过滤光敏二极管输出信号除以非过滤光敏二极管输出信号，计算(105)光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)，
利用(115)该光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)来确定红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的色度坐标，以及
调整(125)该红，绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的正向电流以便产生期望的混和色彩光。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其中通过访问(115)查找表，确定该红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的色度坐标，所述查找表包括红、绿和蓝发光二极管每一个的光敏二极管输出信号比(F/A)和色度坐标之间的关系。
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JP4152885B2 (ja) 2008-09-17
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