CN100505741C - Method for transmitting objects between a server and a client terminal using cache management, corresponding transmission, server and terminal - Google Patents
Method for transmitting objects between a server and a client terminal using cache management, corresponding transmission, server and terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN100505741C CN100505741C CNB02827377XA CN02827377A CN100505741C CN 100505741 C CN100505741 C CN 100505741C CN B02827377X A CNB02827377X A CN B02827377XA CN 02827377 A CN02827377 A CN 02827377A CN 100505741 C CN100505741 C CN 100505741C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
- H04L67/5682—Policies or rules for updating, deleting or replacing the stored data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/131—Protocols for games, networked simulations or virtual reality
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
Abstract
The invention concerns a method for transmitting data, called objects, via at least a communication network, between a server and at least a client terminal, at least a cache memory, designed to store at least some of said objects transmitted by the server, being associated, in said network, with at least one of said client terminals. The invention is characterized in that it consists in managing, upstream of said client terminals, at least a list of objects present in said cache memory associated with at least one of said client terminals, so as to limit exchange of data concerning the content of said cache memory between said client terminal and said server.
Description
Technical field
The field of the invention is the transfer of data via communication network.What the present invention relates to or rather, is the transmission and the corresponding cache management of interactive video data.
Background technology
At present, the brilliance research and development of being carried out aspect communication network make the user to show for example image, text, geometrical model or 3D model of place in real time with interactive mode.Usually, the user links to each other with a remote server by an appropriate terminal, this remote server is carried out this with the user and is shown that needed full detail all concentrates in the database and (it should be noted, although what use in the case is term " demonstration ", but this category information also can comprise various types of data, especially voice data, paged data or the like).
So, for instance, the user can visit those and make it whole new set of applications mobile in the 3D virtual environment, and for instance, described 3D virtual environment can be virtual museum, topography and geomorphology or classical music concert.Therefore in these application contexts, server according to the user in scene the position and the information that will rebuild the global scene needs sends to client computer together with the information of the different objects that enter the user visual field (or auditory sensation area) in the scene.
Especially, the present invention is fit to those users can still be not limited in this via all types transmission of Information and the storage of data server visit in order to use later on.
For instance, for can (as above-described) displayed scene or video in real time, user terminal is associated with a high-speed cache of having preserved needed all information of the real-time reconstruction of scenes of terminal usually.
This class high-speed cache has been stored " past " data usually, and just those terminals have been in order to having reproduced the data of scene or image, but these data based users need and might obtain using after a while.In addition, described high-speed cache has also been preserved " current " data, the current data of using of terminal just, and described high-speed cache finally might also have been preserved terminal necessary in the recent period " future " data, the expection that these " future " data sources need be done the user from server.
What be readily appreciated that is, the amount of information that server sends and to need the information of managing amount in high-speed cache all be sizable wants to show that the user situation such as the great data item of this class of large-scale three dimensional scene is next all the more so.
Can introduce several method at present and come that those are related to the problem of carrying out mass data exchange between client computer and respective server and solve, wherein especially comprise:
-replacement algorithm, this algorithm are used in the buffer memory filling rate and select the storage data that will delete very high the time, so that the release memory space,
-transmission method, server is selected to send to the data of client computer to this method and the transmission means of these data is controlled.
The at present known information notification server that has two kinds of main method to be used between client computer and server, creating dialogue and will to send to client computer.
Especially, in people such as J.H.P.Chim are published in " Multi-Resolution Model transmission in Distributed VirtualEnvironments " literary composition of the 24th～34 page of VRST ' 98, first kind of known transmission method described.
According to first method, server can send client computer and want data presented in four consecutive steps:
-a step, the information that client terminal will be referred to the position of user in shown scene sends to server;
-when server received this positional information, it calculated all objects that the user needs, and in second step, send object necessity＜O, L
0Right tabulation, wherein O is the object coordinate, L
0It is corresponding with it level of detail;
-then, as a function of its cache contents, client terminal uses this to tabulate and selects the corresponding pairing of object that receives with its hope, and in the 3rd step its selection result is sent to server;
-the 4th step, server transmits the object of client terminal request.
A defective of this technical method according to prior art is: at every turn when the position of user in scene changes, and thus at every turn need be when the user sends one or several new object at server, by before the one or more necessary objects of its cache access, will need to carry out twice between server and the client terminal is the partial data exchange of form to come and go mobile the user.
Therefore, this class technical method is not suitable for those via the very long transfer of data that communication network carried out of stand-by period; For this class network, the data of this class technical method display server transmission in real time.
Second kind of known transmission method is to be published in Proceedingsof the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia people such as J.H.P Chim, describes in " On Caching and Prefetching of Virtual Objects inDistributed Virtual Environments " literary composition of the 171st～180 page of 1998.
This method especially is fit to the object of transmission progressively-encode, according to second method, client terminal with its each information that moves in displayed scene together with positional information and the information that relates to its cache contents with＜O, L
0Right form sends to server.Equally, O represents is the coordinate of the object that comprises in the client cache, and L
0Then will be associated with the level of detail notification server of described object.
Then, as a function of the position of user in scene, whether server exists these objects and the object that all that is lost is all sent to client computer calculating at all relevant objects of visual aspects, checking in user's high-speed cache.
Under situation about making in this way, be necessary between client computer and server, to carry out single contact, so that the needed data of displayed scene are sent to client computer.
Yet the defective of this technical method according to prior art is: it has expended a lot of Internet resources, especially the resource of bandwidth aspect.Concerning the user moves in scene each time, client terminal with all information relevant with its cache contents (just with its buffer memory in the object that comprises corresponding all＜O, L
0To) all be sent to server.
Therefore, for the demonstration of large scene, the amount of information that sends to server from client terminal is very large, and especially, for the low-speed communication network, this problem is to be difficult to solve.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome the defective of bringing according to prior art.
Or rather, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technical method, be used for and show that in real time the needed information of mass data sends to client terminal from server, thereby the transmission between server and the client terminal is reduced to minimum.
Another object of the present invention is to implement the data transmission method that this class is simple and be easy to carry out.
Another object of the present invention is to provide this data transmission technology by a communication network, and wherein this technology is fit to the network of any kind, and especially, described technology is fit to very long network and slow network of stand-by period equally.
Another object of the present invention is to avoid the transfer of data redundancy of server to client machine terminal by implementing this data transmission technology.
Purpose in addition of the present invention is to propose a kind of like this data transmission technology, and this technology is eliminated or reduced client terminal at least and sends to the data in server request.
These purposes and after a while clearly other purposes be by a kind of method of the data of object by name being transmitted by at least one communication network between server and at least one client terminal realize that at least one at least one described client computer of cache memory and described network internal of having preserved at least some objects that sent by described server is associated.
According to the present invention, management at least one list object in the described cache memory that is associated with one of described client terminal is so that limited the information exchange that relates to the described contents of cache memory between described client terminal and the described server.
Therefore, the present invention is based on a kind of brand-new inventive method of managing cache memory.The present invention especially depends on a kind of brand-new favourable thought, and that is exactly the tabulation of safeguarding the content of the high-speed cache that an expression is associated with client computer on the input (upstream) of the client terminal that data server can be visited.So, by using this solution, server can be understood the content of client cache at any time and need not duplicate these contents on server.Therefore, the invention provides such a solution, with regard to resource in particular for regard to the memory of server, described solution is not expensive, but this scheme can significantly reduce those information that exchange between server and client computer in a client computer displayed scene or a group objects.Especially, for low capacity client terminal or the limited communication network of performance, this class solution is very favorable.
There are several known several technical methods at present, especially, at patent documentation US6,098,064 and US5,956, described these technology in 039, these technical methods are intended to list object or the lists of documents in the exchange scene between management server and the client terminal.No matter yet be with regard to form or function, these are tabulated and all exist very big difference according to tabulation of the present invention.
Therefore, patent documentation US6,098,064 what describe is a kind of technology that is used for judging computer document that cache memory is preserved (especially form web page), needs a function of the probability of these documents later on as the user with this.Under the situation of using this technical method, may interested documents draft a needs tabulation later on by enumerating the document or the user that provide in the terminal high-speed buffer storage.
With different according to tabulation of the present invention institute, the function of above-mentioned tabulation is not to reduce number of times and/or the amount of information that exchanges between server and the client terminal when the client computer display document, and described tabulation also can't be used for this purpose.
In fact, tabulation does not need server to know for sure and in fact have which document in the cache memory of given client terminal, and concerning one group of client terminal that is connected on the server, this type of tabulation is needed to be an aggregate list.
According to document US6,098, disclosed technology in 064, when terminal needs one group of document from server, need terminal and server exchange bulk information, this makes one or two definite which document in the required document of terminal in them exist in high-speed cache, and is that server does not need to send once more.
Document US6,098,064 problem that will solve is the expection problem about the client terminal request, and this is different from the present invention and provides technical solution problem to be solved very much: reduce between server and the client terminal problem of relevant exchange message with contents of cache memory.
Patent documentation US5,956,039 what introduce is a kind of technical method that is used for improving the real-time navigation system performance of 3D scene.The different objects that such technical method is included as in the scene distribute priority, and what client terminal at first received thus is the object with limit priority.These priority are then managed in a database, and wherein this database has comprised the information about each object in the current scene.
Yet this database is not that the input (upstream) at client terminal obtains managing, and can not solve as in the present invention thus to reduce the technical problem that exchanges between server and the terminal.
Very advantageously be that concerning at least one described object, the identifier of each described object all is kept in the described tabulation with the information of reproducing described object.
Therefore, the list object that server comprises in not only can the access client high-speed cache, and the reproduction rank at place when can access client reproducing object.
Preferably, the described information reproduction about at least one described object is associated with optimization (refinement) rank of described object.
Therefore, for instance, server can know whether client terminal can reproduce object with coarse or details form.
Preferably, described tabulation comprised be used for each described object that described cache memory preserves＜O, L
0Right, wherein said＜O, L
0To the described O identifier that comprised described object and the described information reproduction L of described object
0
According to a favorable characteristics of the present invention, the relevant described client terminal of at least one display message by name and/or described client terminal user's item of information are associated with the described tabulation of each described client terminal, have formed a context thus.
Each is connected to the client computer of server, and server admin comprises the exemplary list and the display message of the cached state that is associated with client computer.Especially, this category information can be represented the speed of client terminal capacity and manner of execution thereof.
Preferably, described display message belongs to the group that comprises following information:
-described user position information;
-described user's direction of observation;
The selection parameter of-described object.
For example, this class selects parameter to comprise an Object Selection threshold value and an observer visual angle.3D scene for client terminal shows that positional information can represent that for scene center, the coordinate of this point is corresponding with observer's position with the form that a 3D is ordered.Direction of observation then can be represented with the form of 3D vector.
Very advantageously be that described tabulation is managed by the described server or the intermediate member of described network.
For example, this tabulation can be managed by the acting server between server and client computer.Then, server can send request to described agency, so that determine the content status of client cache.Owing to produced the more information exchange, therefore the performance of this solution is very low, but link to each other and be necessary via a high performance network with the agency at server and then might be concerned about this solution under the situation of " alleviating " server load (for example server performance is very low).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, these class methods comprise an initial phase in advance, comprising first transmitting step that is used for each described client terminal, in first transmitting step, initial display message is sent to described server, and a storing step, in described respective contexts, preserve described initial display message at server described in the storing step.
Very advantageously be, described initial phase in advance also comprises one second transmitting step, transmits to described client terminal at server described in second transmitting step, so that send the scene of a coarse version that will be reproduced by described client terminal.
Therefore,, with different, when initialization, do not send all that and comprised the database that client computer is wanted the object that shows, saved the memory and the network bandwidth of client computer thus in a large number according to prior art solutions institute according to the present invention.Concerning the database of about 100 megabits, we imagine client computer and server is that network by maximum speed ADSL " ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) " type that is 500kb/s links to each other.Therefore, when being connected between initialization client computer and server, will send and load the shown needed whole substrates of whole scene (base) on the client computer, this needs 200 seconds time at least.When having exempted initialization, the present invention carries out the needs of this transmission, therefore be particularly conducive to client computer, because this means the coarse expression that client's function is come displayed scene in almost instant mode, eliminated thus according to prior art technical method applied at least 200 seconds promptly more than 3 minutes than high latency.
Preferably, each described client terminal has all been carried out one with at least some described projects of display message at the fixed time at interval and/or be sent to the step of described server when revising described display message.
Should be noted that,, select to be included in predetermined time interval transmission display message so and can make the transmission number reduce to minimum if since last transmission, revised information.
According to first advantageous embodiment of the present invention, described predetermined time interval is determined by described client terminal.
Especially, for instance, as the function of client computer in order to the frequency that refreshes shown scene, described predetermined time interval can be forced to determine by client computer.
According to second advantageous embodiment of the present invention, described predetermined time interval depends at least one characteristic of described communication network.
Especially, for instance, these time intervals can be depended on offered load or the throughput of network or stand-by period.
Preferably, at the described transfer step end that described client terminal is implemented, described method will be carried out in the inner step of upgrading described display message of corresponding described context.
Preferably, at this step of updating end, described server will be carried out following steps:
-determining step, as at least some described functions that passes through the display message of upgrading, described step is determined at least one identifier object O that described client terminal needs and is reproduced rank L accordingly
0
-the described tabulation of the described cache memory that is associated with described client terminal of expression is analyzed, so that be L in and the reproduction rank corresponding that has described client terminal and need with one or more described identifier object O
0＜O, L
0Under the right situation, discern described＜O, L
0Right, rather than it is stored in step in the described tabulation;
-be L in the one or more reproduction ranks that have described client terminal and need
0The situation of described identifier object O under, described identifier object is sent to the step of described client terminal, wherein said identifier is corresponding to the one or more described＜O of storage not in the described tabulation, L
0Right;
-the described tabulation of the described cache memory that is associated with described client terminal of expression is upgraded, thus the one or more objects with one or more and described transmission corresponding described＜O, L
0Under the right situation, with described＜O, L
0To adding the step in the client terminal to.
The step of determining one or several object that client computer needs can be as function of the information of preserving in the client computer context and by the result calculated of server execution.For instance, this class is calculated and can also be finished by the independent computational entity that is associated with server before setting up the client computer connection; Then, determination step comprises that server checks this result of calculation, thereby identifies the necessary object of the function of the display message that one or more conducts are associated with client computer.Therefore, compare, the invention provides a kind of calculation and object that client computer is needed is transferred to server or associated computational entity from client terminal means with technical method according to prior art.
Very advantageously be that described server can also use:
-determine that according at least one predetermined probability criterion at least one reproduction rank of described client terminal needs is L
0The step of identifier object O;
-will have in advance and reproduce rank L
0Described at least one identifier object O send to the step of described client terminal.
For example, a function as the previous change in displacement of observer, server is assessed observer's probability that certain object moves in scene, if this probability is greater than predetermined threshold, then under its actual situation that continues to move along same direction, server will initiatively send the object that a client computer needs in the recent period.
Preferably, at least one object that receives described server transmission, described client terminal will be carried out following steps:
If the filling rate of-the described cache memory related with described client terminal less than predetermined threshold, is then carried out the step of preserving described reception object in described cache memory;
-otherwise carry out a step that is used to assess the correlation criterion of described reception object;
If-at least one described object of being kept in the described cache memory has the value correlation criterion littler than the described correlation criterion of described reception object, then described client terminal is carried out the substep of the object that the described correlation of deletion is lower from described cache memory and described reception object is kept at substep in the described cache memory.
-otherwise described client terminal is carried out the substep of the described reception object of refusal.
For instance, this correlation criterion can depend on the distance between object and the observer.
According to a favorable characteristics of the present invention, after described elimination substep and/or described refusal substep, described client terminal sends at least one item of information to described server, so that upgrade the described cache memory that is associated with described client terminal, described thus server from the described tabulation of representing described cache memory, eliminate the described object of deleting at least one and the described deletion substep and/or the object that in described transfer step, sends by described server corresponding＜O, L
0Right, and it is not kept in the described cache memory.
Preferably, at least some described objects comprise at least one index, can send the described object that a part starts from described relative index selectively thus.
Especially, for instance, these objects can be one of data of following type:
-2D image;
-grid;
-texture;
-sound;
-geometrical model;
-3D scene;
-video data;
-paged data.
Clearly, this is tabulated also non exhaustive and is only used for illustration purpose.
The invention still further relates to a kind of system that is used for transmitting the data of object by name by at least one communication network between server and at least one client terminal, at least one cache memory is designed to preserve at least some described objects that described server sends, and described cache memory then is associated with at least one described client terminal of described network internal.
According to the present invention, this type systematic can comprise the management devices of the input that is in described client terminal, be used for managing and at least one list object that provides at the described cache memory that is associated with one of described client terminal, thereby limit the information exchange that those relate to the described contents of cache memory between described client terminal and the described server.
The invention still further relates to a kind of data server that is used for the data of object by name, described server links to each other with at least one client terminal via at least one communication network, at least one cache memory is used to preserve at least some described objects that described server sends, and described server is associated with at least one described client terminal of described network internal.This class server comprises the device that at least one list object that provides is managed in being associated with the described high-speed cache of at least one described client terminal, so that the information exchange that restriction is carried out with described relative clients machine terminal, wherein said information corresponding to the content-related information of described cache memory.
The invention still further relates to a kind of client terminal that is used for aforesaid data server, comprise at least one lastest imformation item is sent to described server, so that described server update is associated with the device of the described tabulation of the described cache memory of described terminal representing.
Description of drawings
After the description and accompanying drawing about preferred embodiment below having read, can more clearly understand other features and advantages of the present invention, wherein said preferred embodiment provides as exemplary rather than limitative examples, and wherein:
-Fig. 1 introduction be the block diagram that is fit to the client-server framework of embodiments of the present invention;
-Fig. 2 describes is to add the list object administration module according to the present invention on server and the framework of Fig. 1 of being implemented;
What-Fig. 3 described is an example of talking with according to the client-server that the present invention uses;
-Fig. 4 a is the illustrative embodiments of the present invention that is in by the 3D model context inside of how much wavelet codings to the 4c demonstration;
-Fig. 5 describes is second example of the embodiment of the invention that is used to use the object of non-progressive level of detail;
What-Fig. 6 showed is by the block diagram of server in the different step of demonstration stage use according to the present invention;
What-Fig. 7 described is the different step of using in the starting stage according to the present invention;
What-Fig. 8 showed is the block diagram that receives the different step of using in the process of object according to the present invention at client terminal.
Embodiment
General Principle of the present invention based on the input of client terminal (upstream) to cache memory that terminal is associated in the list object that provides manage so that reduce client terminal with the server of object requests institute addressing and the information exchange between the client terminal self.
What the remainder of this document was described is a special applications of the present invention, wherein carry out the progressive data transmission by communication network, so that by the real-time displayed scene of client computer (should be borne in mind that the present invention is not limited only to object and shows, but also can be used for intercepting target voice or the like).
We will be described with reference to Figure 1 the illustration network architecture that can use in context of the present invention inside now.
Such network architecture is a client-server framework.High-speed cache 1 is associated with client computer 2: this high-speed cache 1 can be preserved those data that sent via communication network 3 by server 3.
The data of preserving in high-speed cache 1 both can be " current " data (data of using in client terminal 2 just), also can be " future " data (data that plan is just used after a while) or " past " data (just before having used the data of now then at least temporarily giving up).
High-speed cache 1 both can be integrated in the client terminal 2, also can only be associated with client terminal 2, still was in another point in the network simultaneously; For instance, high-speed cache 1 can be integrated on the server 3 and the intermediate server between the client computer 2 that Fig. 1 do not show, especially the server of Agent Type.In a variant embodiment of the present invention, high-speed cache 1 can be shared by several client computer 2.For simplicity, the remainder of this document only limits to describe specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein high-speed cache 1 is integrated in the client terminal 2.
A function as the visuality of object to display on the screen, 2 pairs of client terminals select the needed one group of information of these objects to manage, wherein for instance, described information can be position, the observation procedure of client computer in shown scene and the selection parameter of the object that will show or reproduce, for example Object Selection threshold value, visual angle or the like.
3 pairs of polymerizations of server client computer 2 want the database 5 of the group objects that shows to manage.Preferably, in the inside of database 5, these to as if the single identifier that can both discern by server 3 and client computer 2 quote.For instance, these objects can be the initial data of 3D grid, sound or the other types of progressive transmission.Database 5 can also comprise needed several objects with different qualities of client terminal 2 reconstruction of scenes; For instance, if client computer 2 wants to show is a classical music concert, database 5 can comprise with the 3D object of graphics mode reconstruction of scenes and the 3D sound that reproduces the sound that musical instrument was produced so.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, server 3 also manages the tabulation 6 of the high-speed cache 1 that relates to client computer 2.According to a variant of the present invention, this tabulation 6 is to obtain managing on the input of client computer 2 rather than server 3, and for instance, described tabulation is to obtain managing in client computer 2 that Fig. 2 does not show and the acting server in the middle of the server 3.For simplicity, we only describe specific embodiment of the present invention at the remainder of this document, wherein tabulate 6 by server 3 management, but those skilled in the art are easy to derive the embodiment of the invention of being implemented from this description under the situation of upstream managing listings 6 that in server 3 outsides is client terminal 2.
Tabulation 6 is by one group＜O, L
0To what constitute, wherein O is an object identifier, L
0Then reproduce rank corresponding to contemplated object, and wherein with described＜O, L
0To being sent to client terminal 2.As the reference Figure 4 and 5 and described in the document remainder, L
0Can adopt some kinds of different forms according to the type of used object O.
In the context of the present invention, can use the framework that provides among Fig. 2 to select relevant calculating to transfer to server 3 from client terminal 2, the favourable thus exchange that has reduced between client computer 2 and the server 3 some and video data.Will be of the present invention aspect this at the specification remainder by describing in more detail with reference to figure 3.
With reference to figure 7, in the framework context in Fig. 2, be described in the different step that comprises in the dialogue initial phase between server 3 and the client computer 2.Therefore, some data be with client computer 2 with transmit the described server 3 of initialization thus when server 3 links to each other.
At step index 71, client terminal 2 will be sent to server 3 (especially wanting a function of the level of detail that obtains with this as client computer 2) such as the initial display message position, its direction, visual angle or the Object Selection threshold value of client computer in shown scene.It should be noted, as described in the remainder of this document,, select the type of threshold value to change as a function of contemplated object type.
At storing step 72, the display message that server 3 will initially receive is kept in the context that is associated with client terminal 2.
So server 3 can send a coarse version of (73) institute reconstruction of scenes to client terminal 2 in the operation of mapping by name.The mapping of this class is corresponding with a basic version of database 5, and can make client computer 2 show that at least one will be presented at the coarse view of the scene on its terminal when beginning to connect.
Especially, when client computer 2 received this mapping, it can preserve the sub-high-speed cache of the needed difference of data that those receive from server 3 high-speed cache 1 inner the establishment.
According to the present invention, here determine the object of all that from the same type of server 3 receptions all is kept at the sub-high-speed cache.If all objects in the shown scene all have identical characteristics, then there is no need at the sub-high-speed cache of high-speed cache 1 inner establishment.In a particular embodiment, what client computer 2 showed on its terminal is landform, and comparatively preferably, at the high-speed cache 1 inner first sub-high-speed cache that those data relevant with the region geometry are preserved of creating, and the second sub-high-speed cache of preserving the region texture.
After this class initial phase, client computer 2 can send and receive those data from substrate 5 with server 3, so that show contemplated scene by client computer 2.
We are described in the client-server dialogue of being carried out in the process that shows client terminal 2 reconstruction of scenes with reference now to Fig. 3 and 6.
The General Principle in this demonstration stage sends to server 3 based on client computer 2 with information, and server 3 is kept at described information in the context that is associated with client computer 2, then uses this information to come to send continuation needed data of displayed scene or object to client computer 2 then.
This information has different characteristics, and especially, described information can be come correct with different frequencies by client computer 2.So, because client computer 2 or more precisely, the observer who is associated with client computer moves and browses scene everywhere in scene, as long as therefore shown scene, then will be to relating to the information of the client positions in the reconstruction of scenes and observed direction thereof make amendment.
The one or more arrows that show with solid line in Fig. 3 have represented this information is sent to from client computer 2 process of server 3.This process is can finish on the frequency by client computer 2 definition (for example every 5 seconds) at one, perhaps described frequency is determined (for instance with a function of the capacity of terminal 2 as network 4, for express network, can it then be 6 seconds for slow network with the fixed-frequency that sends display message at 2 seconds).Very advantageously be, this transmission of Information (a) depends on the relevant criterion of an incident equally, to limit exchange (a) number between client computer 2 and the server 3: therefore, unless after position and observed direction information (a) in server 3 transmissions, revised this information the last time, otherwise can not carry out position and observed direction transmission of Information (a).
For instance, if client computer 2 moves the last time, will after 5 seconds, send those information (if transmission frequency was fixed on 5 seconds) so once more through revising in scene after position and observed direction information (a) in server 3 transmissions.
According to the present invention, when sending (a), client computer 2 can not waited for the response from server 3, and therefore, this transmission is carried out with connectionless-mode (for example UDP (User Datagram Protoco (UDP)) type).
As shown in Figure 6, receiving 61 when sending the direction of (a) and positional information to client computer 2, server 3 upgrades 62 contexts that are associated with client computer 2, thereby new receiving position and directional information are stored in the described context.
Selection parameter or the then best modification that is described information according to the relevant criterion of an incident of the out of Memory the lastest imformation of high-speed cache 1 such as the transmission object send.In Fig. 3,3 transmission is to be represented by the arrow (b) that dashed line form shows to this class from client computer 2 to server.When receiving, server 3 is kept at 6 (being used for cache update message) of tabulating with this information, and more general then is that it is kept in the context that is associated with client computer 2.
Therefore, concerning the lastest imformation of the high-speed cache 1 that is used for client computer 2, each following situation takes place in, described information all be with high-speed cache 1 one of (or the sub-high-speed cache of high-speed cache 1) in given object corresponding＜O, L
0The form of tabulation is sent to server 3:
-client terminal 2 is deleted one or several object from high-speed cache 1, so that preserve the new object that server 3 sends; Perhaps
-send when client terminal 2 denial of service devices 3 one or several object the time.
To come these aspects are described in more detail in conjunction with Fig. 8 hereinafter, what wherein Fig. 8 described be the method that client terminal 2 is implemented after the object that has received server 3 transmissions.
What O represented is the identifier of the object in the scene, L
0Then be information about the reproduction level of detail of object O.Clearly, L
0Structure depend on object type O and be used for the correlative detail rank is carried out Methods for Coding.Therefore, as hereinafter with reference to as described in the Figure 4 and 5, L
0Can be the value (for instance) of an expression level of detail if the present invention has used a kind of HOLD " level of detail of layering " technology, or one group of representative value that the geometry optimization of object O is encoded.
Equally, Object Selection parameter (Object Selection threshold value for example, visual angle or any other are used to revise the information of Object Selection) is to send when value is modified.For instance, it is contemplated that here client computer 2 can determine make amendment to the selection threshold value that defines in the demonstration stage, so that reduce this threshold value, thereby provides a finer scene reproduction in initial phase.
What should remember is, this class selects threshold value to define by multitude of different ways, and especially, it can pass through parameter such as the number of degrees, projected pixel, size and evaluated.Therefore, when shown object on the screen of client terminal 2 after, server 3 can be only sends to client computer 2 with virtual observer at 1 ° or the object more seen on the wide-angle.For instance, for an object that is associated with the grid of wavelet coding, described selection threshold value can be fixed, and it only selects those to introduce wavelet coefficient more than or equal to 2 ° grid distortion thus.If contemplated to as if a sound, select threshold value can depend on the frequency or the duration of this sound so.Select threshold value and every other selection parameter to define, so that server 3 can select to send to the related object of client computer 2 by any other method.
According to context that client computer 2 is associated in the information (positional information, observed direction information, select parameter, about the information of the content of high-speed cache 1) that comprised, object or data that server 3 is visually relevant with those are sent to client computer 2.This transmission is to be represented by the continuous grey arrow (c) that shows among Fig. 3.Judgement to the visual correlation object can come from the calculating that another entity is carried out in server 3 or the network 4.Can before connecting between server 3 and the client computer 2, calculate in addition, and it is stored in network internal, for example it be deposited in server 3 described judgement.
Therefore, in the specific embodiment that Fig. 6 shows, a function of some or all display message that comprise in the context as client computer 2 (for example as the position of client computer 2 and a function of observed direction information and selection parameter), server 3 is determined one or more objects that (63) client terminal 2 needs in appropriate reproduction rank.
Then, server 3 is at appropriate optimization rank L
0(64) are analyzed in the tabulation 6 that is associated with the high-speed cache 1 of client terminal 2, so that determine whether to have preserved client computer 2 needed one or more objects in the high-speed cache 1 of client computer 2, wherein said tabulation is updated as a function of the more new data that receives recently.
If it's not true, then server 3 sends (65) to client terminal 2 with this or these object.
According to the present invention,, then can carry out a kind of Forecasting Methodology so that server 3 can send (c) described object if the still unwanted object of those client computer 2 of server expects can become essential in the near future.For instance, if server 3 determines that client computer 2 has moved several times along same direction, it can send (C) one object of associated client machine 2 not as yet to this client computer 2 so, if wherein client computer 2 continues to move along equidirectional, then described object will enter the client computer visual field soon.
When carrying out this transmission (c), imagination has been preserved all data that send to client computer in high-speed cache 1, and then server 3 is with＜O, L
0Right form adds those transmissions (c) to the data of client computer 2, thereby the tabulation 6 that is associated with client computer 2 made amendment.In Fig. 6, this step of updating is described by step index 66.This class has advantageously reduced transmitting redundancy at tabulation 6 modifications of being carried out.Described modification can not preserved in high-speed cache 1 by server 3 transmissions (c) and is carried out in some data of client computer 2, for example under the situation of the transmission error that network occurred relating to, and this situation will cause losing consistency between the state of high-speed cache 1 and the tabulation 6.Very advantageously be that the present invention has comprised a kind of method that overcomes this problem.The state of high-speed cache 1 and the consistency of tabulation between 6 are then safeguarded in greater detail as combining Fig. 8 after a while.
We will describe an example demonstration by the threedimensional model of how much wavelet codings of client computer 2 execution to 4C with reference to figure 4A now.What should remember is, has used " small echo " coding method to represent that a continuous details of conduct adds the grid in the substrate grid to here.Especially, General Principle to this technology in " the MultiresolutionAnalysis for Surfaces of Arbitrary Topological Type " that delivers at M.Lounsbery, T.DeRose and J.Warren No. the 1st, ACMTransactionon on Graphics the 16th volume (the 34th～73 page, in January, the 1997) literary composition is described.
As mentioned above, after the initial phase of client-server dialogue, server 3 will send to client terminal 2 about a coarse version of the mapping of substrate 5 by name.For instance, for the substrate 5 that constitutes by one group of 3D model (as Fig. 4 A to shown in the 4C), this mapping is corresponding be one group to inform the position and the big or small value of the different objects of substrate 5 to client terminal 2 around the form of the position of the square frame 41A of these objects and 42A and size.
Then, whether according to the visuality of these objects (just partly or entirely be among the observer visual field as them and with the function of distance of observer or the like), server 3 sends to client computer 2 with substrate grid 41B, the 42B of these objects.Afterwards, client computer 2 uses these substrate grids 41B, 42B to construct the sub-high-speed cache of needed difference, so that preserve those data from server 3, and creates a corresponding＜O, L
0Right initial list.
, in the example of 4C, imagine each substrate grid 41B, 42B and all comprised n surface at Fig. 4 A.Therefore, will comprise one group＜O by the tabulation that is used for client computer 26 of server 3 management,＜N1 ..., Nn〉〉 right, O indicated object identifier wherein, what Ni represented is the wavelet coefficient that is in the surperficial i that is used for substrate grid 41B, 42B in the high-speed cache 1.Sending substrate grid 41B, at 42 o'clock, be used for i[l, n] Ni value all be initialized as zero.
It should be noted,,, accurately judge the wavelet coefficient in the high-speed cache 1 that is present in client computer 2, then need accurately to understand the Ni value that is used for i ∈ [l, n] so for server 3 if determined to be used for the sort order of wavelet coefficient in advance for each surface.Therefore, if client computer 2 informs that to server 3 it has 30 coefficients on the 8th surface that is used for grid 41B in the step (b) of Fig. 3, server 3 will begin to send the 8th coefficient that the surface is associated with grid 41B so, and can send since the coefficient that is associated with client computer 2 of the 31st coefficient.What should remember is that the display message of storing in the client computer context has been taken in the selection of relevant parameter into account, for example positional information, observed direction information and selection parameter.
Preferably, the order that the coefficient that is used for each surface mesh is sorted will be maintained when it arrives client terminal 2.
We come to provide second illustrative embodiments of the present invention for the object that has used non-progressive level of detail with reference now to Fig. 5.Different with the previous example institute that uses the wavelet coding technology, the situation of an object represented in four the continuous level of detail index 51 to 54 that are to use that we provide now, and formerly object or part object can be optimized as the function of user perspective in the example.
The same with the example among Fig. 4 A～4C, server 3 is to be sent to client computer 2 by the mapping with database 5 to come into operation, wherein client computer 2 will use described mapping to understand should data presented.Then, for server 3 imagination each object in may descried substrate 5, server 3 sends to client computer 2 with the minimum level of detail 54 (the most coarse version of object just) of described object.Then, in procedure for displaying, server 3 will send higher level of detail 53 to 51 according to the position of client computer 2 in scene.Therefore, if client computer 2 gradually the object in Fig. 5 move, as the function of observer to the distance of object, server 3 will send level of detail 53 gradually, is 52 then, is 51 more then so.
To the optimization rank L that is associated with object O
0Especially whether the coding that is carried out depends on the constraints that employed application is forced, to be necessary to come transmission object according to the correlative detail rank.
Therefore, if server 3 must other come in proper order to send object to client computer 2 according to the object optimization level, will determine so L
0The value of the highest level of detail that the high-speed cache setting for and be used for object O 1 exists equates.If high-speed cache 1 has comprised optimization level index 54 (optimizing rank 0) and 53 (optimizing rank 1), the L so that are used for object O
0Will the value of equaling " 1 ".Then, tabulation 6 will comprise＜O ＂ 1 ＂〉right, and server 3 will be derived high-speed cache 1 and comprised the optimization rank 0 and 1 that is used for object O.Subsequently, if necessary, described server only sends back to back higher level of detail to client computer 2, just with the corresponding level index 52 of optimization rank " 2 ".
Carry out from server 3 to client computer 2 transmission, then L in proper order if there is no need according to optimization level other
0Will represent in the client cache 1 that for object O storage all optimize ranks.For instance, here can be chosen on several bits L
0Encode, so, at L
0In the position and the high-speed cache 1 of client computer 2 in the corresponding bit of level of detail of storage, described bit equates with value 1.In the example of Fig. 5,, the high-speed cache 1 of client computer 2 corresponds respectively to optimization rank " 0 " and " 2 ", the L so that shows index 54 and 52 if having comprised
0Will equal 0101.Then, server 3 will be known that it can send according to the position of user in scene (the especially distance and the direction of observation thereof of it and contemplated object) and corresponds respectively to the level of detail 1 and 3 that shows index 53 and 51.
Equally, one of imagination during with object that eight continuous level of detail are associated, if the high-speed cache 1 of client computer 2 has comprised the level of detail 1,2,4 and 7 about this object, L so
0Value will be " 01001011 ".Then, server 3 will know that it can send ranks 3,5,6 and 8 to client computer 2 based on the display message of preserving in the related context is next.
It should be noted this class L
0Coding is not limited to the 3D object that is made of a plurality of surfaces, but can be applied to the data of any kind that is made of non-progressive level of detail, for example multi-definition texture.
We will be briefly described the 3rd illustrative embodiments of the present invention now, and what this embodiment related to is the situation of the initial data of sound or video type, also can be the situations of paged data (stock control, personnel management or the like).
For instance, for the data of original sound type, server 3 may not need to send mapping.It can also in time transmit one group of data corresponding to server 3, for example informs the sound that play or reappear violin in 30 seconds to client computer 2.For example for this class target voice, information reproduction L
0Percentage corresponding to the transmission data.Therefore, for instance, L
0Value server 3 is known in the high-speed cache 1 of client computer 2, preserved and lasted up to 2 minutes 30 seconds preceding 15 seconds sound.
For instance, for paged data, the page sum that is used for each data in initialization procedure in the mapping that server 3 sends and the database 5 is corresponding.In this case, information reproduction L
0Can be employing＜N, N
0..., Nn〉variable data of form, the known number of pages that relates to this object that wherein N represents (number of pages that is used for this object of just preserving in the client cache) is the title of i the page and Ni represents.
We describe when client terminal 2 receives 81 with reference now to Fig. 8 and arrive one or several object O that sends in the transmission index (c) of server 3 at Fig. 3
RThe time different step implemented.For simplicity, we only describe server 3 and send single object O to client computer 2
RSituation.Yet from this situation, be easy to derive in client computer 2 and/or high-speed cache 1 and receive several objects O
RSituation under employed technology.
At step index 82, the client terminal inspection is the filling rate of related high-speed cache 1 with it.If high-speed cache 1 is not integrated in the terminal 2, then this inspection is to be carried out by the entity of being in charge of high-speed cache 1, is for example carried out by the acting server of an integrated high-speed cache 1.
If the filling rate of high-speed cache 1 is less than the predetermined filling threshold value, and shows thus and can in high-speed cache 1, preserve one or several new object, then with the object O that receives
RStorage (83) is in the high-speed cache 1 of client computer 2.
Otherwise, in standing state, can not will derive from the object O of server 3
RBe kept in the high-speed cache 1.Then judge in (84) high-speed cache 1 whether have an object O then
S, wherein with the reception object O that is used for the observer
RCompare, described object is less in the correlation of visual aspects.For instance, such object O
SIt can be the object that is in because of the displacement in the recent period or the change of the direction of observation of client computer 2 outside client computer 2 visuals field.
If there is an object O that this correlation is less
S, then from high-speed cache 1 with its deletion (86), thus can be with new object O from server 3
RDeposit O in
SPosition at high-speed cache 1.
Then, client terminal 2 upgrades the state of high-speed cache 1 by sending (87) information, thereby informs to server 3 and deleted object O from high-speed cache 1
sAnd the corresponding object O that preserved
R
On the other hand, if all objects that high-speed cache 1 is preserved visually all than the object O that derives from server 3
RMore relevant, be in charge of the entity (for example client terminal 2) of high-speed cache 1 so and will refuse this object O
R
Then, client terminal 2 sends a lastest imformation that is used for the state of high-speed cache 1, so that inform that to server 3 it can not be with object O
RBe kept in the high-speed cache 1.
The tabulation 6 that server 3 also uses this lastest imformation to keep the state of high-speed cache 1 and represent its content unanimity.Especially, after having received this lastest imformation, server 3 can check that its object that adds in the tabulation 6 is checked under the situation of client computer 2 and/or high-speed cache 1 error free reception object thus to its all objects that send to client computer 2.Especially, can follow the trail of those transmission problems that may relate to the fault of network 4 thus.
Therefore, 3 pairs of servers compare from the lastest imformations that client computer 2 and tabulation 6 receive, so that check whether they are consistent, and also the tabulation as a function of the lastest imformation that receives are upgraded under suitable situation.
Claims (20)
1. method that is used for transmitting the data of object by name by at least one communication network (4) between server (3) and at least one client terminal (2), at least one cache memory (1) is designed to preserve at least some described objects that described server sends, and described cache memory is associated with at least one described client terminal of described network internal
It is characterized in that: at least one tabulation (6) of each object that provides in described server (3) or the intermediate member of the described network of the described client terminal upstream pair described cache memory (1) that is associated with one of described client terminal manages, so that restriction relates to the information exchange of the described contents of cache memory between described client terminal (2) and the described server (3).
2. according to the transmission method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: at least one described object, the identifier that is used for each described object all is kept at described tabulation (6) together with the information reproduction that reproduces described object.
3. according to the transmission method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: what be used for that the described information reproduction of at least one described object relates to is the optimization rank of described object.
4. according to the transmission method of any one claim in claim 2 and 3, it is characterized in that: described tabulation (6) comprise be used for each described object that described cache memory preserves＜O, L
0Right, wherein O is the identifier of described object, L
0Described information reproduction corresponding to described object.
5. transmission method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the item of information about described client terminal (2) and/or described client terminal user of at least one display message by name is associated with the described tabulation (6) that is used for each described client terminal, forms a context thus.
6. according to the transmission method of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described display message belongs to the group that comprises following information:
Described user position information;
Described user's direction of observation;
The selection parameter of described object.
7. transmission method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: it comprises initial phase in advance, concerning each described client terminal (2), comprising first transmitting step (71) that initial display message is sent to described server (3), and described server (3) is preserved the storing step (72) of described initial display message in the respective contexts of described formation.
8. according to the transmission method of claim 7, it is characterized in that: described initial phase in advance also comprises second transmitting step (73), and wherein said server (3) sends the scene of the coarse version that will be reproduced by described client terminal to described client terminal (2).
9. transmission method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: each described client terminal all is implemented in predetermined time interval and/or at least some described display message items is sent to the step of described server when revising described display message.
10. according to the transmission method of claim 9, it is characterized in that: described predetermined time interval is determined by described client terminal.
11. the transmission method according to claim 10 is characterized in that: described predetermined time interval depends at least one characteristic of described communication network.
12. transmission method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: at the described transmitting step end of being implemented by described client terminal that at least some described display message items is sent to described server, described method is implemented in the inner step (62) of upgrading described display message of corresponding described context.
13. the transmission method according to claim 12 is characterized in that: at step of updating (62) end of the described display message of described renewal, described server is carried out following steps:
Determining step (63), as at least some described functions that passes through the display message of upgrading, described step is determined at least one object identifier O and the corresponding information reproduction L that described client terminal needs
0, wherein O is the identifier of the object of described client terminal needs, L
0Described information reproduction corresponding to this object;
Described tabulation to the described cache memory that is associated with described client terminal of expression is analyzed, so as have described client terminal needs with described object identifier O and information reproduction L
0Corresponding＜O, L
0Described＜the O of identification under the right situation, L
0Right, and it is not stored in step (64) in the described tabulation;
Has the band information reproduction L that described client terminal needs
0The situation of described object identifier O under, described object identifier O is sent to the step (65) of described client terminal, wherein said object identifier is corresponding to the one or more described＜O of storage not in the described tabulation, L
0Right;
Updating steps (66) is carried out in described tabulation to the described cache memory that is associated with described client terminal of expression, with have one or more and described object that sent corresponding described＜O, L
0Under the right situation, with described＜O, L
0To adding the step in the described client terminal to.
14. the transmission method according to claim 13 is characterized in that: described server is also carried out:
Determine at least one the object identifier O and the information reproduction L of described client terminal needs according at least one predetermined probability criterion
0Step;
In advance with described at least one object identifier O and information reproduction L
0Send to the step of described client terminal.
15. the transmission method according to any one claim in claim 13 and 14 is characterized in that: at least one object that receives (81) described server transmission, described client terminal is carried out following steps:
If the filling rate of the described cache memory related with described client terminal less than predetermined threshold, is then preserved the step (83) of the described object that receives that is sent by described server in described cache memory;
Otherwise carry out the step (84) of the correlation criterion be used to assess described reception object:
If at least one the described object that is kept in the described cache memory has the value correlation criterion littler than the described correlation criterion of the described object that receives, then described client terminal is carried out the substep (86) of the object that the described correlation of deletion is lower from described cache memory and the described object that receives is kept at substep in the described cache memory;
Otherwise described client terminal is carried out the substep (85) of the described object that receives of refusal.
16. transmission method according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: after described deletion substep and/or described refusal substep, described client terminal sends (87) at least one item of information to described server, so that upgrade the described cache memory that is associated with described client terminal, described thus server from the described tabulation of representing described cache memory, eliminate the described object of deleting at least one and the described deletion substep and/or the object that in described transfer step, sends by described server corresponding＜O, L
0Right, but it is not kept in the described cache memory.
17. transmission method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: at least some described objects comprise at least one index, can send the described object that a part starts from described relative index selectively thus.
18. be used for transmitting the system of the data of object by name by at least one communication network between server (3) and at least one client terminal (2), at least one cache memory (1) is designed to preserve at least some described objects that described server sends, described cache memory is associated with at least one described client terminal of described network internal
It is characterized in that: described system comprises the device that is in described client terminal upstream, be used for managing at least one tabulation (6) of each object that provides at the described cache memory that is associated with one of described client terminal, thereby limit the information exchange that those relate to the described contents of cache memory between described client terminal and the described server.
19. data server that is used for the data of object by name, wherein said server links to each other with at least one client terminal via at least one communication network, at least one cache memory is designed to preserve at least some described objects that described server sends, described cache memory is associated with at least one described client terminal of described network internal
It is characterized in that: described data server comprises the device that at least one tabulation to each object that provides manages in being associated with the described cache memory of at least one described client terminal, so that the information exchange that restriction is carried out with described relative clients machine terminal, wherein said information corresponding to the content-related information of described cache memory.
20. client terminal that is used for according to the data server of claim 19, it is characterized in that: it comprises at least one lastest imformation item is sent to described server, so that described server can upgrade the device of the described tabulation that is associated with the described cache memory of described terminal representing.
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- 2002-12-05 JP JP2003555739A patent/JP4336583B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2002-12-05 MX MXPA04005844A patent/MXPA04005844A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-05 EP EP02801101A patent/EP1457023B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-05 DE DE60206801T patent/DE60206801T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-05 AU AU2002364818A patent/AU2002364818A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-05 WO PCT/FR2002/004199 patent/WO2003055141A2/en active IP Right Grant
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| MXPA04005844A (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| AU2002364818A8 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
| EP1457023B1 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
| KR100952190B1 (en) | 2010-04-09 |
| ATE307453T1 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
| WO2003055141A3 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
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| EP1457023A2 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
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| FR2834104A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 |
| KR20040068338A (en) | 2004-07-30 |
| FR2834104B1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
| BR0215625A (en) | 2004-12-21 |
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