CN100514799C

CN100514799C - Single-brush two-phase 2/2 pole magnetoresistance vibrating electric machine

Info

Publication number: CN100514799C
Application number: CNB031495400A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯鲁民
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-06-27
Filing date: 2003-07-16
Publication date: 2009-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2023-07-16
Also published as: CN1578070A; WO2005002024A1

Abstract

In the structure of two-phase 2/2 pole magnetic reluctance motor, the stator has winding with one end connected to the commutator bar and the other end connected to one pole of the power supply, and the brush connected to other pole of the power supply; the rotor consists of eccentric permanent magnet and shaft sleeve; the stator consists of windings on two sides of the fixed shaft and the rotor rotates around the fixed shaft via the shaft sleeve. The fixed shaft is neither coincided with the mass center of the rotor nor in the rotor magnet pole connecting line to constitute the eccentric vibrator. The single brush commutator provides the eccentric rotor with starting moment and stable running moment. The said structure may be also used in common motor, and the single brush commutator may be used in magnetic reluctance motor of armature rotor and for substituting rotor position sensor in common magnetic reluctance motor to drive directly the great power commutator circuit.

Description

Dissymmetrical magnetic field 2/2 pole reluctance motor that single brush drives

Technical field

The present invention relates to the structure of the reluctance motor under a kind of dissymmetrical magnetic field, especially flat micro-vibration motor.

Background technology

The structure of present flat micro-vibration motor has two kinds, a kind of band commutator, and a kind of is not to be with commutator, relies on external commutating circuit that coil is commutated.

The micro-vibration motor application is on mobile phone or other people's accompanied electronic information products, and generally use battery as power supply, therefore require micromachine power consumptive province on the one hand, size is little, in light weight, requirement must reach application purpose again on the other hand: have enough vibration intensities.At present reached the limit with coil basically as the flat vibration motor of rotor on vibration intensity, complicated manufacture craft makes that also motor cost is difficult to reduce.

Common reluctance motor all is that winding is fixed, permanent magnet rotation, and the brushless form of working under the commutating circuit support.Commutating circuit adopts detecting apparatus for rotor position, judges the break-make moment at the key lines loop current, and carries out bit arithmetic mutually according to this coil with the phase relation of other coils, extrapolates the current switching moment of all coils simultaneously.Though reluctance motor has the efficient height, simple in structure, opening changes the outstanding superiority of the little grade of electric current, but general reluctance motor will combine with commutating circuit usually and just can use, this uses speed governing is very natural, but some loads are fixed and to the less demanding application of stabilization of speed complexity and the higher commutating circuit of cost is to seem unnecessary.This just brings the cost misgivings to promoting the higher reluctance motor of electromechanical efficiency.

Existing the two poles of the earth direct current machine, promptly 2/2 utmost point direct current machine is that a kind of rotor and stator all are the motors that two magnetic poles are only arranged.Usually because the electric brush type commutator of this motor does not open torque at the specific location rotor, it is uncertain to open the torque direction, and commutation has the power supply short circuit phenomenon and lacks actual application value moment, but that this motor has an electric machine structure is simple, the big and high characteristics of rotating speed of moment.As long as solve its intrinsic problem, and, just can aspect motor application, start a new field in conjunction with the characteristics of reluctance motor.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of structure and have the flat direct current micro-vibration motor of eccentric p-m rotor and the method for non-vibration motor, and the single-brush commutator of adaptive this motor, and with 2/2 pole reluctance motor under the dissymmetrical magnetic field the brush drive scheme is arranged is example, what propose general reluctance motor thus has a brush drive scheme.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: for 2/2 pole reluctance motor, adopt rotor or stator field with respect to rotating shaft off-centre, to obtain the open torque of motor in any phase place, if vibrating motor, the barycenter of rotor is deflection simultaneously also; Single-brush commutator provides the current switching operation for the stator winding coil according to rotor-position; The preferred axial air-gap of vibrating motor, power motor can be chosen wantonly axially and radial air gap.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,, reasonably utilized the characteristics of bipolar machine as the preferred embodiment of the present invention of bipolar machine, try to achieve staring torque and get both the oscillator effect with p-m rotor magnetic pole off-centre, opening changes no dead point, and starting current is little, and commutation process does not have short circuit phenomenon.

Single-brush commutator is simple and reliable for structure, can directly substitute rotor-position sensor.If single-brush commutator is connected with the control end of power switch circuit, directly the power take-off of power controlling switching circuit carries out the operation of current switching to winding coil, for common magnetic resistance direct current machine, both can substitute the rotor-position detection circuit, also can avoid electromagnetic radiation that brush produces because of the electric spark that switches big electric current and cause and to the ablation of surface of the electric brush, thereby brush simple in structure can be used on reluctance motor, and the life-span of brush is improved greatly.

Center of gravity is in rotating shaft if maintenance two pole center lines of rotor and rotating shaft are non-orthogonal, perhaps make center of gravity about the coil of rotating shaft balance as rotor, eccentric magnetic pole is as stator, can make bipolar machine have self-startup ability, thereby prospect is more extensive in actual applications to make the characteristics that bipolar machine moment is big, rotating speed is high.

As flat miniature permanent magnetic vibration motor, both can on the rotor eccentricity degree, have the bigger adjustment degree of freedom with permanent magnet as rotor, make again to be in axial magnetic air gap, littler and stable because of having saved the coil supporting plate;

Description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and a preferred embodiment.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the micro-vibration motor of described first preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 A is the motor circuit schematic diagram of described first embodiment;

Fig. 2 B is the schematic diagram of another embodiment scheme of the motor circuit of described first embodiment;

Fig. 3 A～F is the corresponding relation of described first embodiment motor rotation state and commutator commutation phase;

Fig. 4 is the magnetic pole phase sequence figure of the described first embodiment motor two stator coils under the commutator effect;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the micro-vibration motor of described second embodiment;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the micro-vibration motor of described the 3rd embodiment;

Fig. 7 is a kind of partial schematic diagram that is used for the eccentric p-m rotor vibrating motor of radial air gap;

Fig. 8 is a kind of rotor centroid trim, the rotor scheme schematic diagram of magnetic pole off-centre;

Fig. 9 is a kind of stator coil biasing, the schematic diagram of the motor of rotor magnetic pole and barycenter symmetry;

Figure 10 is the biasing of a kind of magnetic pole of the stator, and rotor winding and barycenter be about the rotating shaft symmetry, and looks schematic diagram at the bottom of having the motor configuration of axial air-gap;

Among the figure, 1. permanent-magnet off-centering rotor, 2. stator, 3. commutator, 4. fixed axis, 5. bearing, 6. motor housing, 10. permanent magnet, 11. eccentric rods, 12. rotor axle sleeve, 13. brushgear housings, 14. radial air gap eccentric rotors, 15. the non-eccentricity rotor, 20. granular iron cores, 21.

coils

1,22.

coil

2,23. moulding iron cores, 24. stator consequent poles, 30. brush, 31. commutator segments, 32. brush rings, 33. the brush ring brush, 34. brush ring brushgear housings, 41 rotating shafts, 50. the axle bed pad, axle bed on 51., 52. times axle beds, 60. electric baseboard, 61. motor loam cakes, the center tap terminal b of 210. coils 1,211. the initiating terminal a of coil 1, the end end c of 212. coils 1, the N1 polar curve circle of 213. coils 1,214. the S1 polar curve circle of coil 1,220. the center tap terminal b of coil 2, the initiating terminal a of 221. coils 2, the end end c of 222. coils 2,223. the N1 polar curve circle of coil 2, the S2 polar curve circle of 224. coils 2.

Embodiment

Shown in Figure 1 is the structural map of a kind of direct current micro-vibration motor of first preferred embodiment of the invention.This motor is got stator does not have two-phase coil array unshakable in one's determination, the eccentric permanent magnet form in rotor the two poles of the earth.

Permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) is in an axial side of stator coil 1 (21) and 2 (22), and is made between rotor (1) and the stator coil (2) at the minimum magnetic air gap of axial maintenance by following axle bed (52) holding.Stator coil 1 (21) and 2 (22) is hollow, and two coils (21) are parallel with fixed axis with (22) axis, line between the axle center of two stator coils and fixed axis (4) orthogonal axe.Stator coil 1 (21) and stator coil 2 (22) are adhesively fixed on the electric baseboard (60).Fixed axis (4) one ends are fixed on the following axle bed (52) of electric baseboard (60), and the other end inserts on the last axle bed (51) of motor loam cake (60).

Permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) can have various ways.It shown in Fig. 1 the preferred embodiment of a kind of permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1).The permanent magnet pole (10) of permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) has a magnetic pole eccentric throw (11) with respect to fixed axis (4) among the figure.Its magnetic pole of eccentric permanent magnet (10) of arcuation is positioned at the place, two ends of camber, and magnetizes in the axial direction.The angle in two pole pair axle center is 120 °.One of eccentric rod connects arcuation permanent magnet (10), other end connecting bushing (12).Axle sleeve (12) is enclosed within on the fixed axis (4), and permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) is rotated with respect to fixed axis (4) and stator coil (2).Axle bed pad (50) is kept apart rotor axle sleeve (12) and two axle beds (51) and (52), and cushions the axial vibration power from rotor axle sleeve, reduces bear vibration and also is lubricated.

Commutator (3) is enclosed within on the fixed axis, and be fixed on center position between stator coil 1 (21) and the stator coil 2 (22), the axle sleeve (12) that is in permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) passes the below, is enclosed within to pass commutator (3) fixed axis (4) hole in the middle of it in permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) axle sleeve and contact with following axle bed (52).Brush (30) is fixed on the eccentric rod (11) of permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1), and the contact is pressed on the commutator segment of commutator (3) under himself elastic reaction.

The body of rod as the stem portion (11) of eccentric throw can be made with nonmagnetic substance.Actual permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) can adopt the method manufacturing of epoxy sealing neodymium iron boron magnetic stripe, brush (30) or brushgear housing (13) and copper axle sleeve (12), so that permanent magnet (10), eccentric rod (11), brush (30) or brushgear housing (13) and axle sleeve (12) are with the cost structure one of economy.

Stator coil 1 (21) and stator coil 2 (22) have coil initiating terminal a (211), d (221) respectively, and center tap terminal b (210) and e (220) and end end c (212) and f (222).Wherein, for stator coil (2), if electric current flows into from centre cap b (210) and e (220), flow out by a (211) and d (221) respectively, then stator coil (2) just shows the S utmost point to p-m rotor (1), and electric current flows out from c (212) and f (222) respectively, and then stator coil (2) just shows the N utmost point to p-m rotor (1).

Actual situation is just like this.The centre cap of each coil all by regularly with an electrode of power supply, linked together such as positive source, show as the N utmost point if wish stator coil 1 (21), then electric current is imported the N1 polar curve circle of being made up of centre cap b (210) and end point c (212) (213), otherwise, then electric current is imported the S1 polar curve circle of being made up of centre cap b (220) and starting point a (211) (214).

In like manner corresponding N2 polar curve circle (223) and S2 polar curve circle (224) are also arranged for stator coil 2 (22).

For avoiding stator coil 1 (21) inconsistent in the performance performance that the N utmost point and S extremely go up, the method that N1 coil (213) and S1 coil (214) can adopt two-wire to twine in the same way simultaneously on technology is made, and an initiating terminal and another the end end of the two-wire winding that will constitute thus link to each other, constitute a centre cap b (210), with an electrode of power supply, such as the positive pole connection of power supply.

Because the end of a thread of the coil of each two-wire coiling all has been fixedly connected on the corresponding commutator segment (31) on the commutator (3), and the other end is fixedly connected on the positive pole of power supply, can guarantee that therefore the electric current in each coil is to flow according to the direction of predesignating.

Shown in Fig. 2 A, the motor circuit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is: the center tap terminal b of all stator coils (210) all just links to each other with DC power supply with e (220), and all initiating terminal a (211), d (221) all link to each other with the corresponding commutator segment (31) of commutator (3) by change of current phase angle with f (222) with end end c (212); Brush (30) one ends and commutator (3) sliding contact, the other end links to each other with brushgear housing (13) as the eccentric rod (11) of electric conductor; The eccentric rod (11) of permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) finally is connected with the negative pole forming circuit of DC power supply through axle sleeve (12) and the mode contact matching of fixed axis (4) with sliding bearing.

When motor rotation, electric current is from positive source → hub of a spool tap terminals b (210) or e (220) → coil initiating terminal a (211), d (221) or end end c (212), f (222) → commutator segment (31) → brush (30) → brushgear housing (13) → eccentric rod (11) → rotor axle sleeve (12) → fixed axis (4) → axle bed (6) → power cathode.

Because brush (30) under the drive of being fixed in epitrochanterian brushgear housing (13), rotates with respect to commutator (3), and N1, S1, N2 and S2 polar curve circle are switched on and off by phase sequence respectively, forms the directional torque to rotor.

Fig. 2 B example another kind of motor circuit embodiment scheme of the present invention.This embodiment is in the foregoing circuit loop, with the insulation of brushgear housing (13) and eccentric rod (11), and carries out circuit with a brush ring (32) of installing separately and is connected.Brush ring brush (33) maintenance is in brush ring (32) and continues to electrically contact, and is fixed on the brush ring brushgear housing (34), and brush ring brushgear housing (34) is connected with power cathode.The visible Fig. 5 of the embodiment scheme of this circuit representative describes.

The commutator segment that Fig. 2 has only exemplified single-brush commutator directly drives the form of winding coil, and this can bring commutation spark under normal conditions.If the control end of a commutator segment and a power switch circuit, base stage such as a Darlington pliotron connects, and coil is connected the emitter of this Darlington transistor, and then commutation spark will no longer exist, and commutator can work under very little voltage and current, and working life strengthens greatly.

Fig. 3 A～F has described the on-stream corner of motor of first embodiment of the present invention and the phase place corresponding relation of commutator (3).For obviously and be easy to say something, S coil and N coil are handled as inner-outer coil among Fig. 3 A～F.Wherein exterior loop is respectively N1 or N2 coil under "on" position, and interior loop is respectively S1 or S2 coil under "on" position.

When Fig. 3 A was illustrated in corner and is 0 °, brush (30) was in 1 (21) magnetic pole commutating moment of coil.This moment, the S2 coil of coil 2 was switched on.The S utmost point of permanent-magnet off-centering rotor (1) is repelled by the S utmost point magnetic of coil 2 (22), and rotor (1) deflection makes its S utmost point depart from coil 2 centers and forms the moment that clockwise rotates to rotor (1) to seek the minimum reluctance state.

The N1 polar curve circle (213) and the S1 coil (214) of coil 1 (21) were connected simultaneously in this moment, the magnetic of coil 1 (21) is cancelled, and before this only S1 coil (214) be switched on, be that N1 coil (213) is switched on afterwards, difference constitutes clockwise driving moment to the N utmost point of rotor (1) continuously.

Fig. 3 B represents that when rotor (1) deflects into 60 ° brush is in the position of N1 coil (223) connection that makes coil 1 (21) on the commutator (3).Before this two poles of the earth of rotor (1) before this N utmost point repelled by the N1 polar curve circle (213) of coil 1 (21), be that the S utmost point of rotor is attracted by the N1 polar curve circle (213) of coil 1 (21) then.Rotor is when the moment that forwards 60 ° to, in each 60 ° the 120 ° of angle range of front and back, effect with metastable clockwise driving moment, this moment, the running current of a coil all had stronger active force to (1) two magnetic pole of rotor simultaneously, arrived the center of coil 1 (21) up to the S of the rotor utmost point.

Because present embodiment is at 2/2 utmost point direct current machine, therefore when a magnetic pole of rotor relatively certain coil angular distance near or during above 90 °, then this coil all will reduce rapidly the active force and the arm of force of this magnetic pole of rotor (1), but this coil to the current component of this rotor magnetic pole under the trend that induced electromotive force reduces, become on the contrary and increase rapidly, can affirm that motor is under the effect of this factor at this moment, electromechanical efficiency has the trend of reduction.

For fear of this phenomenon, improve the electromechanical efficiency of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, present embodiment is selected 60 ° of sphere of actions as coil and rotor magnetic pole.That is to say that when the angular distance of a pole pitch coil of rotor surpasses 60 °, commutator will cut off the action current of this coil to this rotor magnetic pole.

Fig. 3 C has showed when rotor (1) deflects into 120 °, and the S utmost point of rotor overlaps with the center of coil 1 (21), and coil 1 is in the moment of commutating.And the N utmost point of rotor begins to be attracted by the S2 coil (224) of coil 2 (22) at this moment, makes the suffered driving moment of commutation moment rotor successive.

In fact, in any one commutation moment of present embodiment, and any one angle position, the suffered driving moment of rotor (1) was all never interrupted.

Fig. 3 D represents that the N utmost point of rotor overlaps with the center of coil 2 (22) when rotor deflection to 180 °.Before the commutation process of coil 2 (22) finished, the S utmost point of rotor was subjected to the effect of the S1 coil (213) of coil 1 (21), continued to produce to clockwise rotate moment.After coil 2 (22) commutations finished, rotor had turned over the center of coil 2 (22), again coil 2 (22) is had the arm of force.The N2 polar curve circle (223) of coil 2 (22) produces clockwise torque to the N utmost point of rotor at this moment, and the S polar curve circle (214) of coil 1 just has been cut off electric current when coil 2 (22) commutations finish, lost the effect to the rotor S utmost point.

Following Fig. 3 E and F will repeat the above-mentioned principle process of having set forth substantially, not sew for this reason and state.

In a word, the micro-vibration motor of described first embodiment of the invention is with 120 ° of rotor magnetic pole angles, and 60 ° of sphere of actions are determined what the commutation phase of the commutator (3) of this programme concerned.Because these two angles supplementary angle each other, so commutator has commutator segment (31) and is distributed symmetrically, and starting does not have the dead point, the short circuit phenomenon that also do not commutate, and what more do not need common reluctance motor needs initially opens the characteristics that positioner is put in transposition.

Fig. 4 is the magnetic pole of the stator commutation phase sequence figure of each position of corresponding diagram 3A～F.Indicate the part of letter among the figure,, go up the letter that indicates with commutator segment (31) in Fig. 3 A～F and have same meaning for stator coil (2) is gone up the period that corresponding the end of a thread is switched on.

Fig. 5 example the micro-vibration motor schematic diagram of second embodiment of the invention.Wherein the changing unit of motor configuration is that commutator (3) is installed to electrode loam cake (61) center, and last axle bed (51) is positioned at the center of commutator (3).Brush (30) has also moved on to the back eccentric rod (11) of rotor and has located, and is fixed on together on the combination brush holder of brushgear housing (13) and brush ring brushgear housing (34) merging with brush ring brush (33).In like manner, brush ring (32) also and commutator (3) merged.

Also having described the another kind of stator embodiment of the described motor of second embodiment of the invention among Fig. 5, is that the coil hollow space in two stator coils 1 (21) and 2 (22) has embedded granular iron core (20) in above-mentioned miniature permanent magnetic vibration electric machine structure.

Fig. 6 example the micromachine schematic diagram of described third embodiment of the invention.The part of the uniqueness of this scheme is its core device.This sections heart can improve the functioning efficiency to rotor, is that the radial dimension of motor is littler.

Fig. 7 is a kind of partial schematic diagram of vibrating motor of the eccentric rotor that adopts radial air gap.This eccentric rotor adopts is form or class cup-shaped rotor form with respect to the outer radial air gap of iron core.

Can stretch out these special application forms outside the casing from Fig. 6 with form and rotating shaft that Fig. 7 rotor is fixedlyed connected with rotating shaft, also indicating, if in rotating shaft and keep rotor magnetic pole off-centre, micromachine form of the present invention equally can be used as does not have the power motor that drags of vibration characteristics to use with the center of gravity trim of rotor.

Fig. 8 is the rotor scheme of a trim rotor c.g. on rotating shaft.These rotor two pole center lines and rotating shaft are non-intersect.This is that one 2/2 machine reluctance motor is used for power and drags, neither the rotor form during vibration applications.Therefore rotor has the open torque the same with eccentric rotor, but can't produce vibration.

Because the costliness of magnetic section bar material, image pattern 8 carries out the misgivings that trim has the cost aspect with permanent magnetic material to rotor like that, therefore can adopt other materials to make the trim part, but has more the operation of a balance detection and calibration again.

Fig. 9 is the motor scheme of a stator winding biasing.The line of two pole centers that stator winding produced of this scheme, non-intersect with rotating shaft, but the line of two pole centers of rotor and rotating shaft quadrature, and the barycenter of rotor is in rotating shaft.

Fig. 9 scheme is a kind of improvement of rotor scheme shown in Figure 8.Open torque and still exist, but rotor need not to carry out trim again.

Figure 10 is a kind of magnetic pole of the stator biasing, and common 2/2 utmost point motor schematic diagram of armature rotor symmetrical configuration.The torque that opens of this motor still exists, as long as and be equipped with single-brush commutator, commutation moment does not just have the phenomenon of power supply short circuit.

In conjunction with Fig. 8 scheme, and with scheme shown in Figure 10 similarly, magnetic pole biasing that armature rotor produces can also be arranged and the scheme of two pole center lines of stator and rotating shaft quadrature.Be about to armature rotor and be made into as shown in Figure 8 magnetic pole distributed architecture, its effect such as same common three-flute rotor DC machine, and an one salient pole winding opened circuit with as counterweight.

Adopt single-brush commutator, this armature rotor still can start running.If be used for vibration applications, will remove as the salient pole of counterweight and get final product.

The present invention will open up the application prospect of 2/2 utmost point direct current machine, especially in the micromachine field.Micro-vibration motor scheme provided by the invention also is an impact to conventional alternating current asynchronous vibrating motor field.Single-brush commutator has realistic meaning for the cost that reduces the magnetic resistance direct current machine.

Claims

1. a single-brush commutator is made up of one group of commutator segment and at least one brush, it is characterized by:

So-called single brush is meant that brush only links to each other with an electrode of power supply;

At least connect an absolute coil on the commutator segment;

Absolute coil one termination commutator segment, the other end directly or indirectly links to each other with another electrode of power supply;

What is called links to each other indirectly with power electrode, be meant that brush or commutator segment directly extremely link to each other with the control of power switch circuit, and the output of this power switch circuit links to each other with an electrode of power supply.

2. single-brush commutator according to claim 1 can directly substitute rotor-position sensor, it is characterized by:

Brush is fixed on the rotor, together rotates with rotor;

Commutator segment is fixed on the stator;

When rotor rotation, brush contacts in order one by one with commutator segment, provides the current switching operation according to rotor-position for the stator winding coil.