CN100556462C - 用于检验对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法 - Google Patents

用于检验对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN100556462C
CN100556462C CNB2004800385051A CN200480038505A CN100556462C CN 100556462 C CN100556462 C CN 100556462C CN B2004800385051 A CNB2004800385051 A CN B2004800385051A CN 200480038505 A CN200480038505 A CN 200480038505A CN 100556462 C CN100556462 C CN 100556462C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
sterilization
parts
radiacmeter
indicator
electron beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CNB2004800385051A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1897982A (zh
Inventor
约翰·A·威廉姆斯
约翰·A·小马丁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baxter International Inc
Original Assignee
Baxter International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baxter International Inc filed Critical Baxter International Inc
Publication of CN1897982A publication Critical patent/CN1897982A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100556462C publication Critical patent/CN100556462C/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/26Accessories or devices or components used for biocidal treatment
    • A61L2/28Devices for testing the effectiveness or completeness of sterilisation, e.g. indicators which change colour
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/08Radiation
    • A61L2/087Particle radiation, e.g. electron-beam, alpha or beta radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/24Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/12Apparatus for isolating biocidal substances from the environment
    • A61L2202/122Chambers for sterilisation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/14Means for controlling sterilisation processes, data processing, presentation and storage means, e.g. sensors, controllers, programs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/20Targets to be treated
    • A61L2202/24Medical instruments, e.g. endoscopes, catheters, sharps

Abstract

一种设备、系统及方法,用于检验在低能电子束消毒室内被操控的若干部件获得了所期望的消毒保证水平(SAL)。这些部件优选地被预先消毒,且以组件的方式连接在一起,借助于使这些部件受到低能(小于300KeV)的电子束的辐射,建立并保持了连接无菌。借助于测量传递到传感器(也被称为剂量计)的消毒剂量,完成检验,该传感器被安置在消毒处理中,用以模仿这些部件。

Description

用于检验对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法
发明领域
本发明总的涉及预先消毒部件的自动检查、分离(staging)以及组装的领域,尤其涉及医疗部件的领域,借助于低能电子束场来保持无菌。
背景技术
一般的,医疗产品的消毒取决于杀死病原微生物的处理的能力。用以消毒医疗产品的辐射的应用在整个世界内被广泛地使用,并被认为是一种安全有效的消毒方式。第一次商业上对医疗器件应用电子束消毒处理是由Johnson&Johnson的分公司Ethicon公司在1956年研制出来的。在二十世纪六十年代早期,在英国研制出了使用来自于钴-60的伽马射线用于消毒一次性医疗器件。由于早期电子束系统的较差的可靠性,因而医疗产品的辐射消毒被钴-60(伽马)辐照器支配,钴-60辐照器没有类似的可靠性的问题。
随着专门从事高能物理研究的美国国家实验室的出现,主要的努力是提高关键加速器部件的可靠性和性能。到了二十世纪七十年代,涉及研制射线照像和肿瘤学的产业进一步提高了电子加速器的耐用性和可靠性。部件性能的提高以及计算机化控制的集成鼓励了重新评价该技术的商业化可能性。这以后不久,对基于消毒的高能(>300KeV)的电子束的兴趣迅速地发展起来。
或许,辐射最大的产业应用是修饰聚合物。辐射被用来使单体聚合并固化成聚合物、使聚合物交联、以及将不同类型的聚合物移植到聚合物分子上,用以形成具有特定性能的新材料。辐射还被用于意图的聚合物降解、以及将分子量分布修整以服务特定的产业和商业性目的。辐射的这种产业应用被低能(<300KeV)电子束系统支配。
1999年,在美国专利申请No.09/294,964中描述了在医疗器件的消毒中使用低能(<300KeV)电子束系统,该申请提交于1999年4月20日,现在是美国专利No.6,___,该专利已转让给本申请的受让人——Baxter国际公司,相关的公开内容在此作为参考引入。电子束消毒单元的尺寸和成本是使步伐朝低能消毒系统迈进的两个较大的因素。消毒辐射穿透的深度变为折衷的深度。高能系统可以实现超过一米的穿透深度,而低能射束的穿透深度被限制在低至仅有几个微米。
作为处理所关心的,用于医疗器件消毒的低能电子束的明显减小的辐射穿透深度导致了确定消毒有效的问题。美国FDA要求“所有用来生产医疗器件的处理都要确定有效”(21C.F.R.§820.752),包括电子束消毒。这种确定有效的目的是确定可用来满足所期望消毒保证水平以及允许“剂量测定释放”的最小曝光剂量,它基于物理放射处理数据而不是实际的消毒试验产品消毒。
因此,确定有效必须从选择消毒保证水平开始,测量一批中的一个单元在暴露于特定消毒剂后仍然未被消毒的概率。例如,10-3的SAL意味着在一千中有一个器件可能会未被消毒。在确定辐射消毒有效的剂量设定阶段中选择适当的SAL。在很多情况下,器件所意图的用途将会规定对具体SAL的需要。对于扩散性医疗器件的通常接受的SAL为10-6。然而,对于“消毒”的声明,一些欧洲国家只认可10-6的SAL。在这样的情况下,所意图使用的国家将会规定SAL高至器件所意图的用途。
尽管伽马射线和乙撑氧气体消毒都是被确认的有效而且容易可行的技术,但是对电子束的增加的关注可以归于在任何目前认可的消毒方法中它具有的最短的处理周期。在高能和低能电子束处理中,扫描产品若干秒钟的时间,而且大部分处理时间都花费在将产品运送进出屏蔽室上。在使用建立并认可的剂量测定释放方法下,高能电子束消毒下的产品可以在消毒30分钟内解除隔离。然而,现有技术并未足够研制出一种用于确定消毒有效和常规监测低能电子束消毒的方法。
研制出本发明,作为这一问题的解决方案,本发明提供了一种用于在低能电子束消毒系统的确定有效中使用的设备。而且,本发明提供了一种费效比较高且可靠地提供常规剂量测定监测用于低能电子束消毒系统的消毒处理的方法。
发明内容
总的来说,本发明包括一种用于检验在低能电子束消毒系统中传递的辐射剂量以实现部件消毒的方法和设备,诸如消毒医疗器件。
具体而言,作为本发明的一个实施例,公开了一种单个部位剂量计组件。该组件包括第一部件座,其具有适合于将剂量计定位在其中的空腔;和同轴构造的通道,用以允许辐射进入空腔部分。第二部件座固定在该第一部件座上,并且包括内表面,该内表面具有构造成抵靠空腔内表面的突出,用以将剂量计保持在其中。组件还可以包括用以将第一剂量计座固定在第二剂量计座上的机构,并将所产生的组件固定在辐射消毒部位上。
还描述了一种用于检验消毒位于低能电子束消毒系统中的若干部件的方法。这种新方法包括以下步骤:将在低能电子束消毒系统内待消毒的部件放在部件托盘上;确定施加给该部件时产生所期望的消毒保证水平(SAL)的最小消毒剂量;将指示器联到该消毒系统内,作为用来指示完成至少最小消毒剂量的部位;建立上述部件处的消毒剂量和该指示器处的剂量之间的相互关系;使该部件和指示器暴露在一消毒源下;确定指示器处的剂量;以及根据在相关的指示器处确定的剂量,确定在上述部件处所得到的消毒剂量的效力。
在所公开方法的一个实施例中,建立相互关系的所述步骤包括以下步骤:将所指定的部位暴露在一消毒源下,以模仿消毒系统的工作;测量在每个指示器处所接受到的剂量;以及重复上述暴露步骤和测量步骤,以确定消毒部位所测得的消毒剂量水平与指示部位所测得的消毒剂量水平之间的关系。
还公开了一种能够检验待连接在一起的两个部件的消毒的组件。该组件包括第一部件托架和第二部件托架。每个托架优选地包括需要阈值消毒剂量以实现部件消毒的部件部位;和定位在该部件部位附近且具有剂量计的剂量计部位,用以接收对应于部件部位所接受到的消毒剂量水平的施加剂量。
重要的是注意在指示器部位最终所获得的剂量并不必需要等于在消毒部位所获得的剂量,也不是必需要在指示器部位的剂量等于消毒剂量。
在所述组件的一个实施例中,第一部件托架还包括用以控制剂量计在剂量计部位所接受到的消毒剂量的机构。一个实施例中的该机构包括具有直径和深度的通道,且该通道被定位在剂量计部位上方。通道的直径和深度可以具有任何合适的尺寸,以允许适当量的辐照。
组装好的剂量计部位优选地包括:第一保持器座,其具有:在该保持器座的壁内限定出的容器,用以将剂量计装入其中;和通道,该通道具有深度和直径,其穿过该容器的周围内的壁;以及第二保持器座,其构造有配合部分,该配合部分被装配在第一保持器座的容器内,以致抵靠其中的剂量计。
第一部件托架可以包括数量从1到10的部件部位和数量从1到15的剂量计部位。
在本发明中提供了这些以及其它的特征。在下面详细的论述中将给出若干部件、它们的目的以及可能的替代性实施例的更详细的描述。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑以下描述时,可以更容易理解本发明的细节,其中:
图1是袋消毒托盘背面的透视图,其具有联接在其上面的本发明的剂量计保持器的一个实施例;
图2是显示联接在图1所示的袋消毒托盘上的本发明的实施例的后视图;
图3是显示联接在图1所示的袋消毒托盘上的多部位剂量计保持器的俯视图;
图4是联接在图1所示的袋消毒托盘上的剂量计保持器的侧视图,包括所显示的医疗溶液袋和小瓶/器械;
图5是本发明的多部位剂量计保持器的一个实施例的分解图;
图6是显示在图5中的剂量计保持器的组装实施例的截面图;
图7是图6中所显示的实施例的第二座或者上座的平面图;
图8是图6中所显示的实施例的第一座或者下座的平面图;
图9是小瓶/器械托盘的一个实施例的透视图,其具有联接在其上面的本发明的多部位剂量计保持器的另一个实施例;
图10是显示联接在图9所示的小瓶/器械件托盘上的多部位剂量计保持器的一个实施例的侧视图,包括显示连接的器械和药瓶;
图11是显示联接在图9所示的小瓶/器械托盘上的多部位剂量计保持器的一个实施例的正视图;
图12是显示联接在图9所示的小瓶/器械托盘上的多部位剂量计保持器的一个实施例的俯视平面图;
图13是单个部位剂量计保持器的第二座或者下座的一个实施例的透视图;
图14是单个部位剂量计保持器的第一座或者上座的一个实施例的透视图;
图15是用于在图9所示的小瓶/器械托盘的器械一侧上使用的多部位剂量计保持器的另一实施例的分解图;
图16是用于联接在图9所示的小瓶/器械托盘上的多部位剂量计保持器的截面图;
图17是本发明的多部位剂量计保持器的第二座或者上座的一个实施例的俯视图;
图18是本发明的多部位剂量计保持器的第一座或者下座的一个实施例的俯视图;
图19(a)和19(b)是图13和14中显示的组装的单个部位剂量计保持器的透视图(分别是上图和下图);
图20A-C是示出室门开口的次序以使托盘移动通过消毒处理的消毒间的示意图;
图21和22是袋消毒室的若干内部部件的剖面图;以及
图23是小瓶/器械消毒间的剖面侧视图。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明能具有多种不同形式的实施例,但是本公开内容将详细描述本发明的至少一个优选实施例以及若干可能的替代实施例,且要理解本公开内容仅作为本发明原理的示例,而并不意图将本发明广义的方面限定在所示出的具体实施例。
本发明提供了一种用于检验低能电子束消毒的组件以及一种使用该组件的方法。出于本发明的目的,使用了以下定义的术语:
消毒(杀菌、灭菌等):在使用物理的或者化学的方法破坏微生物生命后所获得的使用或者条件的行为,其中微生物包括病原,诸如高抗菌的内孢子和病毒;
消毒保证水平(SAL):一种表明在暴露于特定消毒剂后,一批内的一个单元仍然未被消毒的概率的测量指标;
低能电子束:工作在小于300KeV、优选地在从约60KeV到约150KeV的范围内的能量下的电子束或者电子束阵列,;
确定消毒有效:确定暴露于特定剂量或水平的辐射下将产生所期望的消毒保证水平(SAL)的处理;
检验消毒:确定所期望部件暴露在适量辐射下以实现消毒的处理;
剂量计:当被照射时在某些性能上表现出可以计量的变化的任何装置,通过使用合适的分析仪器和技术,上述性能能够与给定材料中所吸收的剂量关联起来;
部件:任何能够消毒的医疗器械,诸如药瓶、注射器、重构器件、医用管、IV袋、插管等;以及
托盘(或托架):在消毒处理中,尤其是在消毒连接处理中,被构造用于容纳、运送以及在一些情形下屏蔽部件的装置。
现有技术公开了用于检验紫外线消毒(McGeorge等人的美国专利No.6,475,433)和热消毒(Gillis的美国专利No.6,340,590)的方法和设备。然而,如下面说明书将阐述的那样,检验低能电子束系统中的消毒对本领域技术人员提出了非常不同的挑战。
因此,本发明包括了用于自动检验部件消毒的方法和设备,尤其是在消毒区域内的连接起来的两个或者多个部件。虽然部件可以由任何已知材料制成,但是物体优选地由能够容易消毒的材料制成。例如,玻璃小瓶/器械可以以消毒的方式连接在刚性塑料重构装置上,形成小瓶/器械组件(VDA)。然后,该组件可以消毒连接在流体袋的柔性管部分上,形成最终的组件。这样的小瓶/器械组件(VDA)和最终的组件显示在图中,并且在此描述。然而,本发明并不应当限于这些实施例,这些实施例仅包括用于示例目的。
在被预先消毒后,部件被容纳到采用本发明的消毒托盘中,以便于检验。在部件移动进入消毒系统内时,消毒托盘用于容纳、运送以及在一些情形下屏蔽部件的若干部分。这些托盘可以专门设计用于容纳单个尺寸的部件,诸如重构装置,或者可以调节用于变化尺寸的部件,诸如药瓶。总的参照图1-18,可以看到一些消毒托盘的例子。
图1-4示出了袋托盘70a。图9-12示出了小瓶和器械托盘70b。袋托盘70a优选地是金属结构,其用于保持至少一个袋部件到位,以便于在部件的至少一部分被保持在电子束场内时连接在至少一个其它部件上。同样的,小瓶和器械托盘70b优选地是大致金属结构,其也用于使部件定位,以便于在被保持在电子束场内时连接。在两种托盘的情形中,都还有屏蔽部件的若干部分在连接中不受电子束场辐射的作用。如本领域技术人员所理解的那样,托盘的物理形式取决于许多因素,包括:例如所连接的部件的尺寸、连接策略等。在美国待审专利申请No.10/_____(代理人卷宗号DDR-5392-A2(1417B P854)中更完全地给出了这些托盘器械的进一步描述,该申请提交于2003年12月23日,并且转让给本发明的受让人——Baxter国际公司,其相关的公开内容在此作为参考引入。
在本发明中,袋托盘70a一般被设计成借助于夹具75而握住并保持多至四袋医疗溶液的管子(SB)和四个小瓶/器械组件(VDA)(见图4),如图1所示。在此位置上,每袋医疗溶液的管子的开口端都会与其中一个小瓶/器械组件(VDA)的端部对准。虽然这些部件被预先消毒,但是期望以保持消毒的方式建立管端和小瓶/器械之间的连接。参照图3和4,托盘70a上、部件停留的位置被叫做部件部位73。具体而言,部件端(待连接的部件的部分)的位置确定了该部件部位73。在本实施例中,两个部件所要连接在一起的端部被保持彼此如此接近,以致对于每对部件仅存在一单个部件部位73。然而,替代性的构造是可以的。
大致参照图9-12所示的小瓶和器械托盘,显示了四个托架77,它们被构造成支承重构装置(RD),同时小瓶保持器71显示被构造成装有四个倒置的药瓶。类似期望在这些部件之间建立消毒连接,从而做出四个完整的小瓶/器械组件(VDA),用于以后在连接消毒医疗溶液袋中使用。另外的托盘设计可以考虑支承其它用于消毒的医疗部件。
参照图1-4,每个托盘都被设计成使所保持的部件暴露在低能电子束场所建立的作用消毒区域下。袋托盘70a允许消毒电子束穿过窗口41。一般的,如在本发明中,使用多于单个电子束管来解决遮蔽时,或者电子束辐照可能会尤其使具体的部件或者部件内容受到降低时,可以在消毒间内设置另外的单独屏蔽(未示出),用于例如袋(SB)和小瓶/器械组件(VDA)暴露的部分。理想的是,只有部件的连接端(即位于部件部位73内的部分)被暴露在电子束场下。部件的其余部分优选地被消毒间内的托盘或者替代性装置屏蔽。
在本实施例中,在部件部位73暴露在电子束场下时,通过使部件至少其中之一朝着另一部件致动而使它们连接在一起。部件的运动应当被限制在电子束场的约束下,直到完成正确连接为止。
本发明的关键方面是开始确定暴露的部件在特定剂量水平下消毒有效的能力。本发明的另一特征是提供常规消毒处理的剂量监测。
使用常规辐射监测装置,诸如剂量计用于处理已经使用了多年,并且在产业上被广泛地认可和理解。然而,所有使用的常规监测剂量计的夹具和处理都是基于辐射源穿过剂量计、其包装以及在许多情形下夹具的假定。该假定基于这样的事实,这种辐射消毒应用包括使用穿透放射性同位素或者高能电子。由于这种物质的深穿透能力,因而剂量计的精确位置并不重要,而且辐射源也不直接暴露给剂量计。
然而,本发明的这个实施例采用了“非穿透性”(相对感觉)的低能电子。设计了监测夹具,用以在低能处理中工作,此时需要直接暴露剂量计。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,剂量计为放射性铬膜。除了使放射性铬膜直接暴露给电子束外,监测夹具被放置成使得剂量计膜所受到的剂量将近似与产品接受到的剂量相关。剂量计的位置被称为指示器部位。
在附图中显示了三个不同的消毒确定消毒有效和常规监测剂量计夹具。图13和14示出了基本的单个部位剂量计保持器10的几个不同的半个,而在图19(a)和19(b)中显示了组装好的夹具。图5-8示出了多部位剂量计保持器40(a),用于联接图1-4所示的袋托盘70a。图15-18示出了多部位剂量计保持器40(b),用于联接图9-12所示的小瓶和器械托盘70b。总的来说,所显示的各自的剂量计保持器或者夹具每个都包括构造成连接在托盘——袋托盘或者小瓶/器械托盘上的基本板。该基本板可以是单个金属板,或者设计成由任意数量的可连接零件组成。对于具体的保持器,它可以容纳少到单个的剂量计,诸如剂量计膜,或者多个这样的器械。
参照图13、14和19,显示了单个部位剂量计保持器10的半个。保持器10(组装好时)包括第一剂量计座12(图14)和第二剂量计座(图13)。第一座12包括内表面16,该内表面16具有在其中限定出的大致方形的空腔18;和外表面20,其具有从其中穿过、通向空腔18的圆柱形通道22。该空腔18可以具有任何期望的形状,以容纳放射性铬膜,该放射性铬膜一般为一小方形片,但是其它形状和尺寸可能会更适合于替代性实施例。图14所示的实施例还示出了从空腔18伸出的四个径向边角的凹口24。这些凹口24有利于从空腔18上取下放射性铬膜。如果想要的话,则通道22还可以加工成多种形状。在替代性实施例中,通道22可以位于第二剂量计座14中,或者穿过剂量计座的相邻侧。
在本实施例中,图13所示的第二剂量计座14包括内表面26,该内表面26具有构造成抵靠第一座12的空腔18的突出28。在使用中,在第一座12的空腔18内定位有放射性铬膜剂量计30,其借助于第二座14的突出28而被保持到位。
使用第一机构(未示出),诸如销、螺栓或者类似的装置,穿过孔79,将第一座12固定在第二座14上,从而形成剂量计保持器或者组件10(图19)。另外,可以使用第二机构来将保持器10固定在辐射消毒部位上,诸如部件托盘上。对于某些应用,第一机构可以执行第二机构的工作。
用于制造剂量计保持器10的材料必须是防辐射材料,且必须具有足够的密度和厚度,以便于保护所装的剂量计30免于间接暴露在电子束下。剂量计30过多暴露是所要关心的,因为它将不利地影响确定消毒有效和常规监测。
作为控制剂量计30暴露的装置,通道22直径和深度的尺寸可以调节。通道22的直径越大,深度越小(即阻挡材料的厚度),剂量计30将接受到的剂量越大。相反,通道22的直径越小,深度越大,剂量计30所接受到的剂量越小。在优选实施例中,通道深度被加工到0.124英寸(3.15毫米),而直径为0.234英寸(5.94毫米)。通道深度优选地落在从约0.070到约0.175英寸(1.78-4.45毫米)之间的范围内,而优选的直径在从约0.175到约0.290英寸(4.45-7.37毫米)的范围内。然而,随着组件10的应用和定位变化,以及剂量计厚度和表面面积变化,存在无穷多组合的可以利用的通道22直径和深度,而不会背离本发明所意图的目的。
现在参照图5-8,可以更容易地看到和理解袋托盘用的多部位剂量计保持器40a的实施例。与单个部位组件类似,多部位保持器包括第一座46和第二座48。所示出的实施例设计有四个剂量计部位50,它们沿保持器40a的长度等距间隔开。剂量计部位50的数量可以随着在部件托盘70中提供的部件部位73的数量变化,但是正好一对一的关系并不是必需的。每个部件部位73较大数量的剂量计部位50可以提高(或者必需用于)确定消毒有效和常规监测。
在本实施例中,多部位保持器40a的第一座46在其它方式上不同于单个部位保持器10的第一座。存在装有放射性铬膜剂量计30的空腔18,但是在第一座46中没有通向空腔的通道。而是,第二座48在包括突出28以配合在第一座46的空腔18内时,具有穿过突出28的通道22。通道直径和深度尺寸的作用及范围可以另外与单个部位剂量计保持器10中的通道的相等。当然,替代性实施例可以包括位于第一座46上的通道22,该第一座46仅需要将保持器40a不同定位在托盘70a上。
如图6的截面图所示,第一座和第二座46和48被固定在一起,从而形成了多部位保持器40a。然后,保持器40a被固定在袋托盘70a上,如图1-4所示。在本实施例中,保持器40a被固定在托盘70a的背面72上。如下文更详细解释的,保持器40a的每个剂量计部位50都被定位与托盘70a的前面74上的部件部位73相对应。此外,可以用一个以上的剂量计部位对应单个部件部位,或者反过来。类似的,可以在每个托盘70a上采用一个以上的保持器40a,例如,一个在前面,而一个在托盘的后面,或者托盘上的第一部件一个,且第二部件一个。
参照图15-18,示出了多部位剂量计保持器的另一个实施例,保持器40b。保持器40b具有5∶4的剂量计部位50和部件部位73数量之比。尽管保持器40b形成得明显不同于图5-8所示的袋托盘的剂量计保持器40a,但是两个实施例之间的剂量计部位50实际上是相同构造的。公开用于保持器40a的替代性实施例也可以用于保持器40b。
图9-12示出了保持器40b与小瓶/器械托盘70b的联接,在将剂量计部位50放在部件部位73附近的位置上。每个部件部位73都被夹在两个剂量计部位50之间,以便于提高确定消毒有效。
已经讨论了本发明的物理细节的实施例,下面详细描述确定处理和消毒系统,其中可以使用参照的保持器以及优选的操作参数。
在确定处理的第一步中之一是确定需要达到期望SAL时给产品的消毒剂量。两种方法之一是采取选择消毒剂量:利用生物泡信息或者增加剂量所得到的信息选择消毒剂量;或者利用25kGy的消毒剂量,跟着证明剂量的合适度。一旦建立了,可以以若干本领域技术人员所知的方式实现最小的辐射剂量,包括增加电子束的强度(电流)或者增加产品处于电子束场的时间。
下一步是确定待消毒产品的剂量分布。进行剂量分布研究或者剂量图谱,以确认处理的产品内最小和最大剂量的区域,并且进行重现该处理。然后将此信息用来选择进行处理的常规监测位置。也就是说,必须确定常规监测剂量计的位置,从而在消毒中,剂量计所吸收的辐射水平(容易测量)与待消毒的部件的辐射水平(不容易测量)相称。
在低能电子束下,难以得到产品所接受的剂量和剂量计所接受的剂量之间的关系,因为产品几何形状的复杂度以及剂量计沿电子场的直接路径被充满的趋势。在本发明下,可以得出所测得的剂量计的辐照和产品所期望的辐射之间的关系。
参照图20-22,用于消毒连接多个部件的系统的实施例包括消毒室112,其具有低能电子束源102;和部件托盘70,其能够将至少两个部件定位在由低能电子束源在消毒室112内建立的消毒云。可以使用运送源(未示出)、诸如传送带或者分度台,将部件托盘70从分离区域运送至消毒室112。
在图20所示的实施例中,消毒室112优选地作为更大的消毒间110内的中央隔间。优选的消毒系统包括两间:袋消毒间110a(图21)和小瓶/器械消毒隔间110b(图23)。两间110a和110b目的相同,因此下面描述将仅参照袋的消毒间110a。然而,在两间之间存在关键不同,这些不同将在此文本和附图中指出。
两间110a和110b被分成了三个室:预先消毒室114;消毒室112和消毒后室116。每个室都具有一组入口门和一组出口门。预先消毒室114的出口门131还作为消毒室112的入口门。同样的,消毒室的出口门132还用作消毒后室116的出口门。这些门优选地是横向滑动门,它们由例如对传感器(未示出)和控制系统(未示出)响应的液压机构致动。在空间允许时,门可以被设计成竖直地或水平地滑动。也可以使用单面板或者两部分的面板。自动系统设计相关领域的技术人员将会很好理解这些加入的特征和它们的应用。
四组室门130、131、132和133具有一英寸前端,其具有四分之一英寸不锈钢做的外侧衬里。类似的,室壁134建立以防止外部的人员突然暴露在电子束源产生的辐射下。使用更高的能量源可能会需要额外的屏蔽。消毒室112应当还包括合适的通风装置,因为这些能量源产生臭氧。
如图21和22所示,电子束源优选地通过两个相对定位的低能电子束管102而提供。现在,仅有少量的供应商供应这种管子。管和束的尺寸以及输出操作参数只是几个可以引导选择的因数。本实施例用的优选电子束管宽度近似10英寸,高度2英寸,并在从60到125KeV的范围下工作。其它合适的电子束管可以存在,且本领域技术人员将会理解用以将这些电子束管应用在本系统中所必需的修改。
通过引导相对电子束管102在袋托盘70a或者小瓶/器械托盘70b的托盘窗口41的位置上所产生的电子云,电子“淹没区”被建立在考虑部件连接的地方上。淹没区内的连接确保了在部件的每一个角落、裂缝和表面处保持消毒。也就是说,即使没有消除掉,也使并置表面所造成的阴影降到最小。
虽然使用两个电子束源对于本发明是优选的,但是在一些应用中可以考虑使用单个电子束。例如,部件可以在所产生的电子云内旋转,以实现消毒,或者电子束源可以绕部件旋转,以实现同样的效果。另外,可以以阵列方式使用任意数量的电子束,进一步解决非常复杂的连接或者奇形部件的阴影。
现在参照图20A-C,可以更容易地理解托盘70通过三间110的运动。从完全空的消毒间110开始,打开预先消毒室114中的门130。这里,第一部件托盘70’保持直至门130又被关闭。然后,在门131打开且第一部件托板70’进入消毒室112后,门131完全关闭,且门130打开,以允许第二部件70”进入,如图20A所示。此时,第一部件托盘70’进行消毒,其细节将在下面更详细描述。然后,像以前一样,门130关闭,同时门132打开,以允许第一部件托盘70移动到消毒后室116。同时,门131打开,允许第二部件托盘70”进入消毒室112,如图20B所示。然后,门131和132关闭。在此点上,如图20C所示,第一部件托盘70’位于消毒后室116,作为保持室,而第二部件托盘70”位于消毒室112。
还参照图20C,门130和133打开,允许第三部件托盘70’”移动进入预先消毒室114,而允许第一部件托盘70’移动到消毒后室116外。然后门130和133关闭。消毒间110然后将会装有位于消毒室112的第二部件托盘70”和位于预先消毒室114的第三部件托盘70’”。然后,重复从打开门130和133的顺序,直至所有部件托盘都穿过消毒间110的所有的三个室。在这一发展下,保持了所有时刻电子源任一侧上的门密封,从而提供了全部时间的阻挡从消毒室偏离辐射的逃逸。自然的,可以设计出其它的顺序,以实现这一重要的安全防范。
托盘的运动受三个独立传送器表面120、122和124控制。第一传送器表面120负责接收系统来的托盘并将该托盘运送到预先消毒室114中。该第一运送器表面120和第二运送器表面122一起工作,将托盘运送到消毒室112中。消毒后,该第二运送器表面122和第三运送器表面124协作,将托盘定位在消毒后室116内。最后,第三运送器表面124将托盘运送到系统中,以便于继续处理。在替换通过室的换位下,可以对所用的传送器表面的数量做出改变。本领域技术人员将会理解如何使托盘的换位与应当变化的传送器表面的运动相互关联。
在消毒室112内,参照图21-23,袋托盘70a(图21)或者小瓶/器械托盘70b(图23)定位在两个电子束源102之间。此时,如图21所示,快门136处于关闭位置。快门136为液体冷却钢板,用来在组件消毒和连接前后挡住电子束窗口。与室门一样,需要快门136厚得足以提供适当的防护,因此优选地在快门136的中央部分没有任何冷却元件(这可能需要空心板),其中实现电子束的直接入射。
参照图21和22,快门135被联接在气动致动器140上,其响应控制器(未示出)。如果想要的话,则可以使用单个控制器控制室门130、131、132和133、传送器表面120、122和124以及快门136。在室门131和132处于关闭位置(图20A)后,合适的控制器可以起动气动致动器140,升起快门136(图22)。在此点上,部件暴露受部件位于所产生的电子云内的位置(优选位于电子淹没区内)以及暴露时间(即快门升起的时间)的控制。
与小瓶/器械托盘70b不同,袋托盘70a具有额外的热防护,以保护部件的产品不受电子束照射。参照图21和22,液体冷却双面板热护罩142开始定位在消毒室112内。热护罩142的下部144用来防护袋部件,而上部146用来防护小瓶/器械部件70b。随着袋托盘70a的袋保持部分被致动器140升高,以在消毒处理的连接步骤中升高袋部件,热护罩142的下部144同时移动,保持袋部件的护罩。在两个部件搭扣连接在一起后,下部144抵靠热护罩142的上部146。该热护罩142仅在快门136关闭后并同时随着致动的袋托盘70a的袋保持部分的返回而缩回(即下部144返回到它的开始位置)。
参照图20C,然后托盘70被移到用于保持的消毒后室116,如上述。从消毒后室116处,托盘70能够移动到其它台,以便于进一步处理。
在优选实施例中,预选百分比率(例如10%、30%、50%等)的消毒托盘可以送到检验台(未示出)。在该检验台上,剂量计保持器40a和40b可以分别从托盘70a和70b上取下。然后可以拆开保持器,以便于获取剂量计30。当然,剂量计30应当用必需的工具(例如镊子)处理,以防止污染。
在从剂量计保持器40上取下后,每个剂量计30所吸收的辐射可以测出。如果测出的辐射剂量水平处于实现每个剂量计所需要的或者期望的SAL上或者以上,则相应的托盘可以被确定为“消毒”有效。确定部件消毒有效的能力是存在于托盘上的剂量计膜和部件之间的确定了的相关关系的结果。
托盘可以再进入组件处理。剂量计保持器40现在可以装有新的剂量计,并重新联接在合适的托盘70上,以重复该处理。
尽管已经参照优选实施例显示并描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将理解在背离所附权利要求限定的本发明的要旨和范围的情况下,可以对本发明做出各种形式和细节修改。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于检验通过小于300Kev的低能电子束对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法,包括以下步骤:
将在低能电子束消毒系统内待消毒的部件放在部件托盘上;
确定施加给该部件时产生所期望的消毒保证水平的最小消毒剂量;
将一指示器联到该消毒系统内,作为用来指示获得至少最小消毒剂量的部位;
将所述部件和多个指示器暴露在一消毒源下,用以模仿消毒系统的工作;
测量在每个指示器处所接受到的剂量;
重复上述暴露步骤和测量步骤,直至找到所述部件处所测得的消毒剂量与至少一个指示器处所测得的消毒剂量之间的数学关系;
使上述部件和指示器暴露在消毒源下;
确定该指示器处的剂量;以及
根据在相关的指示器处确定的剂量,确定在上述部件处所得到的消毒剂量的效力。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述部件和指示器暴露在一消毒源下的所述步骤的消毒剂量受电子束控制。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中确定指示器处的剂量水平的所述步骤通过传感器实现。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述传感器为辐射剂量计。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述指示器包括剂量计。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述指示器包括多个剂量计。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述指示器以可取下的方式固定在所述部件托盘上。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述剂量计以可取下的方式固定在所述部件托盘上。
CNB2004800385051A 2003-12-23 2004-12-01 用于检验对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100556462C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/745,466 US7641851B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2003-12-23 Method and apparatus for validation of sterilization process
US10/745,466 2003-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1897982A CN1897982A (zh) 2007-01-17
CN100556462C true CN100556462C (zh) 2009-11-04

Family

ID=34679165

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB2004800385051A Expired - Fee Related CN100556462C (zh) 2003-12-23 2004-12-01 用于检验对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US7641851B2 (zh)
EP (2) EP2465544B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2007516774A (zh)
CN (1) CN100556462C (zh)
AT (1) ATE554794T1 (zh)
AU (2) AU2004311924B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2546846C (zh)
ES (2) ES2473315T3 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA06006475A (zh)
PL (1) PL1708759T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005065728A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7638090B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2009-12-29 Searete Llc Surveying sterilizer methods and systems
US20070231193A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Sterilization methods and systems
US8758679B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2014-06-24 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Surveying sterilizer methods and systems
US11185604B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2021-11-30 Deep Science Llc Methods and systems for monitoring sterilization status
US8114342B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2012-02-14 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Methods and systems for monitoring sterilization status
US8277724B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2012-10-02 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Sterilization methods and systems
US8932535B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2015-01-13 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Surveying sterilizer methods and systems
US20070254015A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Sanitizing surfaces
US7704453B2 (en) * 2007-06-07 2010-04-27 Ethicon, Inc. Method for establishing a sterilizing dose for radiation sensitive products
US7832185B2 (en) * 2007-07-11 2010-11-16 Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. Active sterilization zone for container filling
EP3659628A1 (en) * 2008-04-10 2020-06-03 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and system for sterilizing an analyte sensor
DE102008045187A1 (de) * 2008-08-30 2010-03-04 Krones Ag Elektronenstrahlsterilisation für Behältnisse
US20100148065A1 (en) * 2008-12-17 2010-06-17 Baxter International Inc. Electron beam sterilization monitoring system and method
KR101014286B1 (ko) * 2009-01-12 2011-02-16 주식회사 메디파마플랜 약액백 실링 및 충전 시스템
JP2012525839A (ja) * 2009-05-05 2012-10-25 シデル エッセ.ピ.ア. コン ソシオ ウニコ 容器封止部を殺菌するためのユニットおよび容器封止部殺菌方法
US8795439B2 (en) * 2009-07-21 2014-08-05 Beasley Ip Holdings, Llc Method and apparatus for washing temporary road mats
JP5791459B2 (ja) * 2011-10-17 2015-10-07 日立造船株式会社 電子線殺菌設備の遮蔽構造
DE102011056628A1 (de) 2011-12-19 2013-06-20 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Sterilisieren von Behältnissen mit Funktionsüberwachung
EP2836242A4 (en) * 2012-04-12 2015-12-16 Electronworks Holdings Llc ENERGY ARMS ELECTRON STERILIZATION
EP2928521B1 (en) 2012-12-05 2018-02-14 Bracco Imaging S.p.A Validation techniques for fluid delivery systems
US10647461B2 (en) 2017-05-23 2020-05-12 Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. Methods and apparatus for cleansing and packaging medical instruments or the like
US10639389B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2020-05-05 CathBuddy, Inc Methods and devices for portable sterilization and containment of medical devices
US11786620B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-10-17 CathBuddy, Inc. Handheld cleaner-disinfector for medical devices
US20220011455A1 (en) * 2018-11-23 2022-01-13 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Measuring tool for irradiation source and method for measuring radiation
US11603551B2 (en) 2020-12-02 2023-03-14 Steritec Products Mfg. Co., Inc. Biological indicators, and systems and methods for determining efficacy of sterilization

Family Cites Families (439)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1766151U (de) 1957-06-25 1958-05-08 Lorenz C Ag Bassresonanzgehaeuse mit daempfung.
FR2102622A6 (zh) * 1970-08-12 1972-04-07 Goupil Jean Jacques
DE1913926U (de) 1963-01-24 1965-04-15 Eitel Bode Armaturen Und Vertr Kugelabdichtung mit einem tellerfederbelastetem dichtungselement.
US3336924A (en) 1964-02-20 1967-08-22 Sarnoff Two compartment syringe package
US3330282A (en) 1964-08-21 1967-07-11 Upjohn Co Combination syringe and vial mixing container
US3330281A (en) 1964-08-21 1967-07-11 Upjohn Co Combination syringe and vial mixing container
FR2061819A5 (zh) 1969-05-02 1971-06-25 Goupil Jean Jacques
FR1528920A (fr) * 1967-05-05 1968-06-14 Cartouche à capacités multiples pour conditionnement de substances prédosées
US3552387A (en) * 1968-07-16 1971-01-05 Peter A Stevens Combination syringe and vial
US3788369A (en) * 1971-06-02 1974-01-29 Upjohn Co Apparatus for transferring liquid between a container and a flexible bag
US3923059A (en) 1971-07-01 1975-12-02 Ims Ltd Medicament injector
US3826261A (en) 1971-12-27 1974-07-30 Upjohn Co Vial and syringe assembly
FR2188565A5 (zh) 1972-06-13 1974-01-18 Semco Emballage Conditio
US4170994A (en) 1974-09-26 1979-10-16 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Plastic containers for parenteral solutions
US4014330A (en) * 1975-10-28 1977-03-29 Abbott Laboratories Disposable two-compartment syringe
US4031895A (en) 1976-04-05 1977-06-28 Porter Robert E Syringe assembly package
US4226330A (en) 1976-11-01 1980-10-07 Butler Robert W Rupture lines in flexible packages
US4059112A (en) 1976-11-19 1977-11-22 Tischlinger Edward A Disposable additive syringe
US4210173A (en) 1976-12-06 1980-07-01 American Hospital Supply Corporation Syringe pumping system with valves
US4116196A (en) 1977-03-17 1978-09-26 Survival Technology, Inc. Additive adapter
US4270533A (en) 1977-08-16 1981-06-02 Andreas Joseph M Multiple chamber container for delivering liquid under pressure
US4172457A (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-10-30 American Hospital Supply Corporation Plural component mixing system and method
DE7732670U1 (de) 1977-10-22 1978-02-16 Buender Glas Gmbh, 4980 Buende Zweikammerspritze in form einer injektionsspritze
US4303071A (en) 1978-08-07 1981-12-01 Baxa Corporation Syringe-type liquid container dispenser adapter
DE2929425A1 (de) * 1979-07-20 1981-02-12 Lothar Kling Vorrichtung fuer injektionsspritzen zur intramuskulaeren und subentanen injektion
US4346511A (en) 1979-07-05 1982-08-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for preparing dosimeter for measuring skin dose
US4247651A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-01-27 Otsuka Kagaku Yakuhin Kabushiki Kaisha Process for preparing foamed synthetic resin products
SE8002709L (sv) 1980-04-10 1981-10-11 Vitrum Ab Forpackning
US4328802A (en) 1980-05-14 1982-05-11 Survival Technology, Inc. Wet dry syringe package
US4540089A (en) 1981-03-18 1985-09-10 Johnsen & Jorgensen Jaypak Limited Bag and bag making apparatus
US4465488A (en) 1981-03-23 1984-08-14 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Collapsible multi-chamber medical fluid container
CA1186153A (en) 1981-04-23 1985-04-30 Michio Nakayama Method and apparatus for manufacturing non-fired iron- bearing pellet
JPS598222Y2 (ja) * 1981-06-11 1984-03-13 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 汎用型個人被曝線量計
US4857052A (en) 1981-07-13 1989-08-15 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4511353A (en) 1981-07-13 1985-04-16 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4740201A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-04-26 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4790820A (en) 1981-07-13 1988-12-13 Alza Corporation Parenteral agent dispensing equipment with drug releasing member
US4994031A (en) * 1981-07-13 1991-02-19 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4973307A (en) 1981-07-13 1990-11-27 Alza Corporation Method for administering drugs to a patient
US4432756A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-02-21 Alza Corporation Parenteral controlled therapy
US5069671A (en) 1981-07-13 1991-12-03 Alza Corporation Intravenous medication
USRE34365E (en) 1981-07-13 1993-08-31 Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4552555A (en) 1981-07-31 1985-11-12 Alza Corporation System for intravenous delivery of a beneficial agent
US4740198A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-04-26 Alza Corporation Method of administering intravenous drug using rate-controlled dosage form
US4525162A (en) 1981-07-31 1985-06-25 Alza Corporation Parenteral controlled delivery
US4871360A (en) 1981-07-31 1989-10-03 Alza Corporation System for intravenous delivery of a beneficial drug at a regulated rates
GB2104044B (en) * 1981-08-07 1985-08-21 Craig Med Prod Ltd Bag and valve assembley for medical use
US4465471A (en) 1981-08-26 1984-08-14 Eli Lilly And Company Intravenous administration system for dry medicine
US4740197A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-04-26 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent via polymer delivery
US4586922A (en) 1981-10-09 1986-05-06 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4740200A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-04-26 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4740199A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-04-26 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4521211A (en) 1981-10-09 1985-06-04 Alza Corporation Parenteral agent dispensing equipment
US4741735A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-05-03 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4740103A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-04-26 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4741734A (en) 1981-10-09 1988-05-03 Alza Corporation Releasing means for adding agent using releasing means to IV fluid
US4548598A (en) 1981-10-09 1985-10-22 Alza Corporation Parenteral agent dispensing equipment
US4439183A (en) * 1981-10-09 1984-03-27 Alza Corporation Parenteral agent dispensing equipment
US4396383A (en) 1981-11-09 1983-08-02 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Multiple chamber solution container including positive test for homogenous mixture
US4392850A (en) 1981-11-23 1983-07-12 Abbott Laboratories In-line transfer unit
US4392851A (en) 1981-11-23 1983-07-12 Abbott Laboratories In-line transfer unit
US4484909A (en) 1981-11-27 1984-11-27 Alza Corporation Parenteral therapy using solid drug
US4479794A (en) 1981-11-27 1984-10-30 Alza Corporation System for intravenous therapy
US4579553A (en) 1981-11-27 1986-04-01 Alza Corporation Parenteral controlled therapy
US4583981A (en) 1981-11-27 1986-04-22 Alza Corporation Parenteral controlled therapy, using a porous matrix with parenteral agent
US4552556A (en) 1981-11-27 1985-11-12 Alza Corporation Parenteral controlled therapy
US4548599A (en) 1981-11-27 1985-10-22 Alza Corporation Parenteral controlled therapy
US4424056A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-01-03 Alza Corporation Parenteral administration
US4479793A (en) 1981-11-27 1984-10-30 Alza Corporation Parenteral administration using drug delivery device
US4516967A (en) 1981-12-21 1985-05-14 Kopfer Rudolph J Wet-dry compartmental syringe
EP0083778B1 (de) 1982-01-07 1987-11-11 Fresenius AG Aufbewahrungsbeutel
US4474574A (en) 1982-01-11 1984-10-02 Alza Corporation Formulation dispenser for use with a parenteral delivery system
US4439182A (en) * 1982-03-15 1984-03-27 Huang Shing S J Valvular infusion device
US4493703A (en) * 1982-03-31 1985-01-15 Butterfield Group Hypodermic syringe cartridge with non-retractable drive piston
US4424057A (en) * 1982-04-01 1984-01-03 House Hugh A Wet-dry syringe
US4484920A (en) 1982-04-06 1984-11-27 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Container for mixing a liquid and a solid
US4411662A (en) * 1982-04-06 1983-10-25 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Sterile coupling
US4467588A (en) 1982-04-06 1984-08-28 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Separated packaging and sterile processing for liquid-powder mixing
US4410321A (en) 1982-04-06 1983-10-18 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Closed drug delivery system
DE3340210C2 (de) * 1982-04-07 1995-06-22 Sony Corp Lichtempfindliches Material und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bildes
US4515585A (en) 1982-05-24 1985-05-07 Alza Corporation System for parenteral administration of agent
US4664650A (en) 1982-05-24 1987-05-12 Alza Corporation Apparatus for parenteral infusion of fluid containing beneficial agent
US4432754A (en) * 1982-05-24 1984-02-21 Alza Corporation Apparatus for parenteral infusion of fluid containing beneficial agent
US4908019A (en) * 1982-05-24 1990-03-13 Alza Corporation Apparatus comprising dual reservoirs for parenteral infusion of fluid containing beneficial agent
US4534757A (en) 1982-06-14 1985-08-13 Alza Corporation Device for releasing active ingredient, insertable in a system of parenteral administering the ingredient
US4469872A (en) 1982-08-20 1984-09-04 Zoecon Corporation Substituted pyridyloxyphenoxyhydroxyketones
ATE27907T1 (de) * 1982-10-27 1987-07-15 Duphar Int Res Injektionsspritze mit teleskopischer verbindung zwischen spritzenkoerper und medikamentbehaelter.
US4507113A (en) * 1982-11-22 1985-03-26 Derata Corporation Hypodermic jet injector
US4752292A (en) 1983-01-24 1988-06-21 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical connector
US5281206A (en) * 1983-01-24 1994-01-25 Icu Medical, Inc. Needle connector with rotatable collar
US5330450A (en) 1983-01-24 1994-07-19 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical connector
US5199947A (en) 1983-01-24 1993-04-06 Icu Medical, Inc. Method of locking an influent line to a piggyback connector
US5344414A (en) 1983-01-24 1994-09-06 Icu Medical Inc. Medical connector
US5776116A (en) 1983-01-24 1998-07-07 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical connector
US4996579A (en) * 1983-02-04 1991-02-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Design for electronic spectrally tunable infrared detector
DE3305365C2 (de) 1983-02-17 1989-06-29 Fresenius AG, 6380 Bad Homburg Aufbewahrungsbeutel
US4505709A (en) * 1983-02-22 1985-03-19 Froning Edward C Liquid transfer device
US4614267A (en) 1983-02-28 1986-09-30 Abbott Laboratories Dual compartmented container
SE434700B (sv) 1983-05-20 1984-08-13 Bengt Gustavsson Anordning for lufttet overforing av substans fran ett kerl till ett annat
US4820269A (en) 1983-03-07 1989-04-11 Vanderbilt University Mixer apparatus for controlling intravenous drug infusion
US4623334A (en) 1983-03-07 1986-11-18 Vanderbilt University Intravenous drug infusion apparatus
US4458811A (en) 1983-04-21 1984-07-10 Abbott Laboratories Compartmented flexible solution container
ATE29011T1 (de) 1983-04-25 1987-09-15 Johnson & Son Inc S C Verfahren zur fertigung einer platzbaren tasche.
US4808381A (en) * 1983-05-13 1989-02-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluid transfer device
EP0165926B1 (en) * 1983-05-20 1990-10-24 Bengt Gustavsson A device for transferring a substance
US4534758A (en) 1983-07-15 1985-08-13 Eli Lilly & Company Controlled release infusion system
US4550825A (en) 1983-07-27 1985-11-05 The West Company Multicompartment medicament container
US4533348A (en) 1983-07-29 1985-08-06 Alza Corporation In-line drug dispenser for use in intravenous therapy
US4518386A (en) 1983-08-31 1985-05-21 Tartaglia John A Medicine container having lyophilized powder and diluent stored in separate sealed chambers
US4538918A (en) 1983-09-19 1985-09-03 Trimedyne, Inc. Medication mixing and sequential administration device
US4573993A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-03-04 Instafil, Inc. Fluid transfer apparatus
US4548606A (en) 1983-09-29 1985-10-22 Abbott Laboratories Dual compartmented container with activating means
US4568331A (en) * 1983-10-17 1986-02-04 Marcus Fischer Disposable medicine dispensing device
US4507114A (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-03-26 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Multiple chamber container having leak detection compartment
US4601704A (en) 1983-10-27 1986-07-22 Abbott Laboratories Container mixing system with externally mounted drug container
US4589879A (en) 1983-11-04 1986-05-20 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Cannula assembly having closed, pressure-removable piercing tip
US4573967A (en) * 1983-12-06 1986-03-04 Eli Lilly And Company Vacuum vial infusion system
JPS60135446A (ja) 1983-12-22 1985-07-18 Otsuka Chem Co Ltd 溶融成形可能なフツ素系樹脂組成物
US4583971A (en) 1984-02-10 1986-04-22 Travenol European Research And Development Centre (Teradec) Closed drug delivery system
US4606734A (en) 1984-02-22 1986-08-19 Abbott Laboratories Container mixing system with externally mounted drug container
IT1173370B (it) * 1984-02-24 1987-06-24 Erba Farmitalia Dispositivo di sicurezza per collegare una siringa alla imboccatura di un flacone contenente un farmaco o di un tubicino per l'erogazione del farmaco della siringa
US4602910A (en) 1984-02-28 1986-07-29 Larkin Mark E Compartmented flexible solution container
US4581016A (en) 1984-02-29 1986-04-08 Gettig Pharmaceutical Instrument Co. Dual cartridge wet/dry syringe
IE57676B1 (en) 1984-03-19 1993-02-24 Abbott Lab Drug delivery system
US4543094A (en) 1984-03-19 1985-09-24 Barnwell John K Syringe and accessory
US4543101A (en) 1984-03-28 1985-09-24 Adria Laboratories, Inc. Valve device to aid in reconstituting injectable powders
IT1214872B (it) 1984-04-06 1990-01-18 Mariano Feriani Sacca contenente due o piu'sostanze per infusione ad uso medicale, poste in scomparti separati, comprendente mezzi atti a consentire la miscelazione di tali sostanze solo al momento dell'uso.
US4637934A (en) * 1984-04-12 1987-01-20 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Liquid container with integral opening apparatus
US4711359A (en) 1984-04-12 1987-12-08 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Container such as a nursing container, having protection compartment for dispensing member
US5088996A (en) * 1984-04-16 1992-02-18 Kopfer Rudolph J Anti-aerosoling drug reconstitution device
US4568336A (en) * 1984-04-26 1986-02-04 Microbiological Applications, Inc. Pre-filled hypodermic syringes
US4511351A (en) 1984-05-14 1985-04-16 Alza Corporation Parenteral delivery system utilizing a hollow fiber cellular unit
US4596555A (en) 1984-05-14 1986-06-24 Alza Corporation Parenteral delivery system utilizing a hollow fiber cellular unit
US4511352A (en) 1984-05-14 1985-04-16 Alza Corporation Parenteral delivery system with in-line container
US4906103A (en) * 1984-05-30 1990-03-06 Ti Kao Devices and methods for preparing a solution for medicinal purposes
US4552277A (en) 1984-06-04 1985-11-12 Richardson Robert D Protective shield device for use with medicine vial and the like
US4915689A (en) 1984-06-13 1990-04-10 Alza Corporation Parenteral delivery system comprising a vial containing a beneficial agent
US4519499A (en) 1984-06-15 1985-05-28 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Container having a selectively openable seal line and peelable barrier means
US4608043A (en) 1984-06-22 1986-08-26 Abbott Laboratories I.V. fluid storage and mixing system
US4610684A (en) 1984-06-22 1986-09-09 Abbott Laboratories Flexible container and mixing system for storing and preparing I.V. fluids
US4540403A (en) 1984-07-02 1985-09-10 Alza Corporation Parenteral dispensing system with programmable drug administration
US4692144A (en) 1984-08-20 1987-09-08 Alza Corporation System for providing intravenously administrable drug formulation
US4607671A (en) 1984-08-21 1986-08-26 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Reconstitution device
US4723956A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-02-09 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Port free container
US4759756A (en) 1984-09-14 1988-07-26 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Reconstitution device
US4695272A (en) 1984-10-26 1987-09-22 Aktiebolaget Hassle Drug release device
US4589867A (en) 1984-11-16 1986-05-20 Israel Michael B Exponential mixing and delivery system
US4668219A (en) 1984-11-16 1987-05-26 Israel Michael B Exponential mixing and delivery system
WO1986003416A1 (en) 1984-12-03 1986-06-19 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Drug delivery apparatus preventing local and systemic toxicity
US4874366A (en) 1984-12-03 1989-10-17 Baxter Internatiional Inc. Housing enabling passive mixing of a beneficial agent with a diluent
US4652763A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-03-24 Energy Sciences, Inc. Electron-beam irradiation sterilization process
US4704535A (en) * 1985-04-11 1987-11-03 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Ultraviolet dosimetry
EP0229184B1 (en) 1985-06-14 1992-09-16 Material Engineering Technology Laboratory, Inc. Medical liquid container and method of manufacturing same
US4613326A (en) 1985-07-12 1986-09-23 Becton, Dickinson And Company Two-component medication syringe assembly
US4650475A (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-03-17 Carol Smith Method and apparatus for the injection of pharmaceuticals
US4861335A (en) 1985-07-26 1989-08-29 Duoject Medical Systems Inc. Syringe
IT1185850B (it) * 1985-08-02 1987-11-18 Zambon Spa Tappo serbatoio contagocce per flaconi
US4675020A (en) 1985-10-09 1987-06-23 Kendall Mcgaw Laboratories, Inc. Connector
US4662878A (en) 1985-11-13 1987-05-05 Patents Unlimited Ltd. Medicine vial adaptor for needleless injector
US4757911A (en) 1985-12-09 1988-07-19 Abbott Laboratories Container and closure construction
EP0258273A1 (en) 1985-12-20 1988-03-09 VEECH, Richard L. Preparation of electrolyte solutions and containers
US4632244A (en) 1986-02-19 1986-12-30 Boris Landau Multiple chamber flexible container
US4727985A (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-03-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Mixing and dispensing apparatus
US4722733A (en) * 1986-02-26 1988-02-02 Intelligent Medicine, Inc. Drug handling apparatus and method
US4834152A (en) 1986-02-27 1989-05-30 Intelligent Medicine, Inc. Storage receptacle sealing and transfer apparatus
US5211201A (en) 1986-03-04 1993-05-18 Deka Products Limited Partnership Intravenous fluid delivery system with air elimination
US5195986A (en) * 1986-03-04 1993-03-23 Deka Products Limited Partnership Integral intravenous fluid delivery device
US5575310A (en) 1986-03-04 1996-11-19 Deka Products Limited Partnership Flow control system with volume-measuring system using a resonatable mass
US4778451A (en) * 1986-03-04 1988-10-18 Kamen Dean L Flow control system using boyle's law
US5349852A (en) 1986-03-04 1994-09-27 Deka Products Limited Partnership Pump controller using acoustic spectral analysis
US5364371A (en) 1986-03-04 1994-11-15 Deka Products Limited Partnership Intravenous fluid delivery device
US5222946A (en) 1986-03-04 1993-06-29 Deka Products Limited Partnership Compact intravenous fluid delivery system
US4931048A (en) 1986-04-07 1990-06-05 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical device
US4778453A (en) 1986-04-07 1988-10-18 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical device
US4703864A (en) 1986-05-01 1987-11-03 Abbott Laboratories Container cover
US4735608A (en) 1986-05-14 1988-04-05 Del F. Kahan Apparatus for storing and reconstituting antibiotics with intravenous fluids
US5074844A (en) 1986-05-29 1991-12-24 Baxter International Inc. Passive drug delivery system
US5049129A (en) 1986-05-29 1991-09-17 Zdeb Brian D Adapter for passive drug delivery system
US4781679A (en) 1986-06-12 1988-11-01 Abbott Laboratories Container system with integral second substance storing and dispensing means
SE461765B (sv) 1986-07-10 1990-03-26 Haessle Ab Anordning foer frisaettning av substans
US4715854A (en) 1986-07-17 1987-12-29 Vaillancourt Vincent L Multidose disposable syringe and method of filling same
US4871354A (en) 1986-07-24 1989-10-03 The West Company Wet-dry bag with lyphozation vial
IT207944Z2 (it) 1986-07-25 1988-03-14 Erba Farmitalia Dispositivo di bloccaggio di una siringa su di un corpo al quale la siringa deve essere accoppiata.
IT207945Z2 (it) 1986-07-25 1988-03-14 Farmitaglia Carlo Erba S P A Dispositivo per il collegamento di un tubicino ad un apparecchio atto ad accoppiare una siringa ad un flacone contente un farmaco.
US4786279A (en) 1986-07-31 1988-11-22 Abbott Laboratories Container for mixture of materials
US4693706A (en) 1986-08-11 1987-09-15 Mark L. Anderson Two compartment mixing syringe
US5083031A (en) * 1986-08-19 1992-01-21 International Sensor Technology, Inc. Radiation dosimeters
IE60235B1 (en) 1986-09-18 1994-06-15 Kabi Pharmacia Ab "Connector and disposable assembly utilising said connector"
US4715853A (en) 1986-09-19 1987-12-29 Ideal Instruments, Inc. Back-fill syringe
US4743229A (en) 1986-09-29 1988-05-10 Collagen Corporation Collagen/mineral mixing device and method
AU8179387A (en) 1986-10-23 1988-05-25 Monell Chemical Senses Center Enhanced rodent edible with natural attractants
US4731053A (en) * 1986-12-23 1988-03-15 Merck & Co., Inc. Container device for separately storing and mixing two ingredients
US4832690A (en) 1987-01-23 1989-05-23 Baxter International Inc. Needle-pierceable cartridge for drug delivery
US4784259A (en) 1987-01-30 1988-11-15 Abbott Laboratories Container construction with vaned extractor
US4784658A (en) 1987-01-30 1988-11-15 Abbott Laboratories Container construction with helical threaded extractor
US4886495A (en) 1987-07-08 1989-12-12 Duoject Medical Systems Inc. Vial-based prefilled syringe system for one or two component medicaments
US4986322A (en) * 1987-03-24 1991-01-22 Societe Semco System of packaging for ready to use preparations
US4822351A (en) 1987-03-25 1989-04-18 Ims Limited Powder spike holder
WO1988007358A1 (en) 1987-04-02 1988-10-06 Drg (Uk) Limited Apparatus for contacting material such as a drug with a fluid
US4782841A (en) 1987-04-07 1988-11-08 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical device
US4816024A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-03-28 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical device
SE457417B (sv) * 1987-04-14 1988-12-27 Astra Meditec Ab Automatisk tvaakammarspruta, foerfarande foer blandning och injicering med sprutan samt ampull foer tvaakammarspruta
US4927605A (en) 1987-04-22 1990-05-22 Wadley Technologies, Inc. Specimen collection and sampling container
US4842028A (en) 1987-05-13 1989-06-27 Baxter International Inc. Fluid transfer apparatus
AU606685B2 (en) * 1987-05-18 1991-02-14 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Self-supportable parenteral bottle of synthetic resin
CH686778A5 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1996-06-28 Vifor Medical Ag Récipient destiné au stockage séparé de composés actifs et à leur mélange subséquent.
IL86799A (en) 1987-07-02 1993-03-15 Kabi Pharmacia Ab Method and device for injection
US4768568A (en) 1987-07-07 1988-09-06 Survival Technology, Inc. Hazardous material vial apparatus providing expansible sealed and filter vented chambers
US5364369A (en) 1987-07-08 1994-11-15 Reynolds David L Syringe
US5554125A (en) 1987-07-08 1996-09-10 Reynolds; David L. Prefilled vial syringe
DE3726064A1 (de) 1987-08-06 1989-02-16 Fresenius Ag Verpackungseinheit fuer medizinische zwecke
US4819659A (en) 1987-09-21 1989-04-11 Icu Medical, Inc. Blood withdrawal device with movable needle guard member
IT211830Z2 (it) * 1987-09-22 1989-05-25 Farmitalia Carl Erba S P A Dispositivo di sicurezza perl'introduzione ed il prelievo di liquidi in e da flaconi di farmaci e simili.
JPS6485653A (en) 1987-09-28 1989-03-30 Terumo Corp Drug receiving container
GB2211104B (en) 1987-10-13 1991-10-02 Wilson Dr Louise Caroline Syringe arrangment
IT1231892B (it) 1987-10-14 1992-01-15 Farmitalia Carlo Erba S P A Mi Apparecchio con organi di bloccaggio di sicurezza per il collegamento di una siringa ad un flacone contenente un farmaco
US4804366A (en) * 1987-10-29 1989-02-14 Baxter International Inc. Cartridge and adapter for introducing a beneficial agent into an intravenous delivery system
US4850978A (en) 1987-10-29 1989-07-25 Baxter International Inc. Drug delivery cartridge with protective cover
GB8726062D0 (en) 1987-11-06 1987-12-09 Plaspharm Uk Ltd Fluid dispensing devices
US5030203A (en) 1987-11-16 1991-07-09 Baxter International Inc. Ampule for controlled administration of beneficial agent
US5510115A (en) 1987-11-16 1996-04-23 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Method and composition for administration of beneficial agent by controlled dissolution
US4948000A (en) 1987-11-20 1990-08-14 Grabenkort Richard W Container shrouds
US5334188A (en) 1987-12-07 1994-08-02 Nissho Corporation Connector with injection site
IL88667A (en) 1987-12-28 1992-02-16 Abbott Lab Container with improved ratchet teeth interlock
US5100394A (en) * 1988-01-25 1992-03-31 Baxter International Inc. Pre-slit injection site
DE8802443U1 (zh) 1988-02-25 1988-09-01 Schiwa Gmbh, 4519 Glandorf, De
DE3806562A1 (de) 1988-03-01 1989-09-14 Alpha Therapeutic Gmbh Zweikammerspritze mit einer fuellung aus aktivitaetsempfindlichem humanen protein als wirkstoff
JPH021277A (ja) 1988-03-31 1990-01-05 Fujisawa Pharmaceut Co Ltd 輸液容器
US5176673A (en) * 1988-06-02 1993-01-05 Piero Marrucchi Method and device for manipulating and transferring products between confined volumes
ATE179632T1 (de) 1988-06-02 1999-05-15 Piero Marrucchi Vorrichtung zum behandeln und übertragen von stoffen zwischen abgeschlossenen räumen
JP2675075B2 (ja) 1988-06-10 1997-11-12 株式会社新素材総合研究所 内容物入り容器
US4975589A (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-12-04 The Harshaw Chemical Company Thermoluminescent dosimeter with improved card holder
US4874368A (en) 1988-07-25 1989-10-17 Micromedics, Inc. Fibrin glue delivery system
US4871463A (en) 1988-08-23 1989-10-03 Sepratech Vertical reaction vessel
US4978337A (en) 1988-09-08 1990-12-18 Alza Corporation Formulation chamber with exterior electrotransport delivery device
US4898209A (en) * 1988-09-27 1990-02-06 Baxter International Inc. Sliding reconstitution device with seal
DE8812460U1 (zh) 1988-10-03 1988-12-22 Schiwa Gmbh, 4519 Glandorf, De
DE3834566A1 (de) 1988-10-11 1990-04-12 Fresenius Ag Behaelter zur sterilen, getrennten aufbewahrung mindestens zweier substanzen und zur vermischung derselben
USD323389S (en) 1988-10-17 1992-01-21 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Medical fluid container
US4936829A (en) 1988-10-19 1990-06-26 Baxter International Inc. Drug delivery apparatus including beneficial agent chamber with chimney for a directed flow path
US5269350A (en) 1988-10-20 1993-12-14 Galloway Company Aseptic fluid transfer apparatus and methods
US5252484A (en) * 1988-11-29 1993-10-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Rapid read-out biological indicator
US5156598A (en) 1988-12-06 1992-10-20 C. R. Bard, Inc. Prefilled syringe delivery system
US5147324A (en) 1988-12-06 1992-09-15 C. R. Bard, Inc. Prefilled syringe delivery system
CA2006582A1 (fr) 1988-12-27 1990-06-27 Gabriel Meyer Flacon de stockage et de transfert concu pour stocker deux composants dune substance medicamenteuse
US4969883A (en) 1989-01-03 1990-11-13 Gilbert Michael D Medicament vial end cap membrane piercing device
US5032117A (en) 1989-01-30 1991-07-16 Motta Louis J Tandem syringe
US4985016A (en) * 1989-02-15 1991-01-15 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US4969871A (en) 1989-02-15 1990-11-13 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent
US5250028A (en) 1989-02-15 1993-10-05 Alza Corporation Intravenous system for delivering a beneficial agent using permeability enhancers
US5196419A (en) 1989-02-28 1993-03-23 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Heterocyclic cyclic ethers
US5009654A (en) * 1989-03-10 1991-04-23 Baxter International Inc. Sterile product and method for sterilizing and assembling such product
US4927013A (en) 1989-04-12 1990-05-22 Eastman Kodak Company Package for storing and remixing two materials
US5049754A (en) * 1989-04-24 1991-09-17 International Sensor Technology, Inc. Radiation dosimeter disassembly, assembly and reading apparatuses and methods
US4865354A (en) 1989-05-09 1989-09-12 Allen Jerry L Conduit coupler
US5152965A (en) 1989-06-02 1992-10-06 Abbott Laboratories Two-piece reagent container assembly
JP3108077B2 (ja) 1989-06-08 2000-11-13 住友製薬株式会社 製剤投与器
US4944736A (en) 1989-07-05 1990-07-31 Holtz Leonard J Adaptor cap for centering, sealing, and holding a syringe to a bottle
US4997430A (en) * 1989-09-06 1991-03-05 Npbi Nederlands Produktielaboratorium Voor Bloedtransfusieapparatuur En Infusievloeistoffen B.V. Method of and apparatus for administering medicament to a patient
US5116315A (en) 1989-10-03 1992-05-26 Hemaedics, Inc. Biological syringe system
US4979942A (en) 1989-10-16 1990-12-25 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Two component syringe delivery system
US5104375A (en) 1989-10-16 1992-04-14 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Locking holder for a pair of syringes and method of use
US5080652A (en) * 1989-10-31 1992-01-14 Block Medical, Inc. Infusion apparatus
US4994056A (en) * 1989-11-09 1991-02-19 Ikeda Daniel P Unit dose medicament storing and mixing system
US5358501A (en) 1989-11-13 1994-10-25 Becton Dickinson France S.A. Storage bottle containing a constituent of a medicinal solution
US5257985A (en) 1989-12-04 1993-11-02 Richard Puhl Multi-chamber intravenous bag apparatus
US5045081A (en) 1990-01-16 1991-09-03 Dysarz Edward D Trap in barrel one handed retractable vial filling device
US5074849A (en) 1990-01-22 1991-12-24 Sachse Hans Ernst Ureter drainage tube with fixable auxiliary tube
US5084040A (en) * 1990-01-25 1992-01-28 The West Company, Incorporated Lyophilization device
US5304163A (en) 1990-01-29 1994-04-19 Baxter International Inc. Integral reconstitution device
EP0442406B1 (en) 1990-02-14 1995-07-26 Material Engineering Technology Laboratory, Inc. Filled and sealed, self-contained mixing container
US5289585A (en) * 1990-03-26 1994-02-22 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag Multiprocessor system having a system bus for the coupling of several processing units with appertaining private cache memories and a common main memory
US5222947A (en) 1990-04-18 1993-06-29 Amico Elio D Self recapping injection needle assembly
US5336180A (en) 1990-04-24 1994-08-09 Science Incorporated Closed drug delivery system
US5328464A (en) 1990-04-24 1994-07-12 Science Incorporated Closed drug delivery system
US5267957A (en) 1990-04-24 1993-12-07 Science Incorporated Closed drug delivery system
US5514090A (en) 1990-04-24 1996-05-07 Science Incorporated Closed drug delivery system
US5102408A (en) 1990-04-26 1992-04-07 Hamacher Edward N Fluid mixing reservoir for use in medical procedures
CA2016870C (en) 1990-05-15 1994-03-29 Arnie Drudik Dispenser for storing and mixing several components
US5257987A (en) 1990-05-21 1993-11-02 Pharmetrix Corporation Controlled release osmotic infusion system
WO1991018804A1 (en) 1990-06-01 1991-12-12 O'reilly, Daniel, Joseph Single use dispensing sachets and method of and means for manufacture of same
US5169388A (en) 1990-06-07 1992-12-08 Gensia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pressure-activated medication dispenser
JPH0628137Y2 (ja) * 1990-06-21 1994-08-03 株式会社ニッショー 可撓性チユーブ内の閉止具
US5176634A (en) * 1990-08-02 1993-01-05 Mcgaw, Inc. Flexible multiple compartment drug container
US5209201A (en) 1990-08-10 1993-05-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
US5167642A (en) 1990-08-27 1992-12-01 Baxter International Inc. Sheath for a blunt cannula
US5049135A (en) 1990-09-18 1991-09-17 Code Blue Medical Corporation Medical lavage apparatus
JP2980663B2 (ja) 1990-10-05 1999-11-22 テルモ株式会社 バッグ連結体
US5125908A (en) 1990-10-19 1992-06-30 Cohen Milton J Hypodermic syringe with protective holder
CA2072594C (en) 1990-11-07 1998-06-02 Fujio Inoue Containers having plurality of chambers
US5114411A (en) 1990-11-19 1992-05-19 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Multi-chamber vial
US5352196A (en) 1990-11-19 1994-10-04 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Mixing vial
US5188615A (en) * 1990-11-19 1993-02-23 Habley Medical Technology Corp. Mixing vial
DK288590D0 (da) 1990-12-04 1990-12-04 Michael Morris Blandings/oploesnings-sproejte til cytostatika for medicinsk behandling af cancer patienter
US5209347A (en) 1990-12-05 1993-05-11 Clintec Nutrition Company Internal tear seal dual bag
US5232029A (en) 1990-12-06 1993-08-03 Abbott Laboratories Additive device for vial
US5171214A (en) 1990-12-26 1992-12-15 Abbott Laboratories Drug storage and delivery system
CA2057771A1 (en) 1990-12-31 1992-07-01 Richard W. Grabenkort Flexible container with integral protective cover
EP0495445A1 (en) 1991-01-16 1992-07-22 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Dual-chamber type syringe
US5360410A (en) 1991-01-16 1994-11-01 Senetek Plc Safety syringe for mixing two-component medicaments
US5490848A (en) * 1991-01-29 1996-02-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration System for creating on site, remote from a sterile environment, parenteral solutions
US5122123A (en) 1991-01-30 1992-06-16 Vaillancourt Vincent L Closed system connector assembly
US5064059A (en) 1991-02-05 1991-11-12 Abbott Laboratories Dual container system with extractor for stopper
ES1016828Y (es) 1991-02-22 1992-06-01 Instituto De Biologia Y Sueroterapia, S.A. Dispositivo para la transferencia de liquidos entre recipientes flexibles y viales.
US5116316A (en) 1991-02-25 1992-05-26 Baxter International Inc. Automatic in-line reconstitution system
US5196001A (en) * 1991-03-05 1993-03-23 Ti Kao Devices and methods for preparing pharmaceutical solutions
DE4107223C1 (zh) 1991-03-07 1992-09-10 Fresenius Ag, 6380 Bad Homburg, De
EP0503867B1 (en) 1991-03-08 1997-02-05 Material Engineering Technology Laboratory, Inc. storing and mixing apparatus
US5195658A (en) * 1991-03-12 1993-03-23 Toyo Bussan Kabushiki Kaisha Disposable container
JPH04302810A (ja) * 1991-03-29 1992-10-26 Victor Co Of Japan Ltd 薄膜磁気ヘッド
IT223172Z2 (it) 1991-04-09 1995-06-13 Tecnomedica Ricerche Srl Dispositivo per la somministrazione di farmaci, particolarmente farma-ci a due componenti
US5199948A (en) 1991-05-02 1993-04-06 Mcgaw, Inc. Needleless valve
US5181909A (en) * 1991-05-15 1993-01-26 Mcfarlane Richard H Ampule-container medical syringe and methods
JPH05123377A (ja) 1991-05-29 1993-05-21 Fujisawa Pharmaceut Co Ltd 輸液装置
US5368586A (en) 1991-06-21 1994-11-29 Npbi Nederlands Produktielaboratorium Voor Bloedtransfusieapparatuur En Infusievloeistoffen B.V. Closure for a drug-vial
US5186323A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-02-16 Pfleger Frederick W Dual compartment mixing container
US5158546A (en) 1991-08-07 1992-10-27 Habley Medical Technology Corp. Controlled action self-mixing vial
JPH05103819A (ja) 1991-08-08 1993-04-27 Nissho Corp 薬剤収容容器
DE4127650C1 (zh) 1991-08-21 1993-02-25 Arzneimittel Gmbh Apotheker Vetter & Co Ravensburg, 7980 Ravensburg, De
NL9101422A (nl) 1991-08-23 1993-03-16 Doornes Transmissie Bv Rotatiepomp.
JP3065735B2 (ja) 1991-08-29 2000-07-17 株式会社ニッショー 薬剤容器およびそれを用いた薬液注入装置
JP2593374B2 (ja) 1991-08-30 1997-03-26 日精樹脂工業株式会社 射出成形機の成形条件設定方法
US5308347A (en) 1991-09-18 1994-05-03 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Transfusion device
US5246142A (en) 1991-09-26 1993-09-21 Dipalma Elio Device for storing two products separately and subsequently mixing them
DK166691D0 (da) 1991-09-30 1991-09-30 Unes As Flerkomponentsproejte
US5303751A (en) 1991-10-04 1994-04-19 Fresenius Ag Spiked bag packaging system
US5188610A (en) 1991-10-18 1993-02-23 Vetrisystems, Inc. Fluid dispensing apparatus
US5356380A (en) 1991-10-23 1994-10-18 Baxter International Inc. Drug delivery system
US5352191A (en) 1991-10-25 1994-10-04 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Transfusion device
US5259843A (en) 1991-11-14 1993-11-09 Kawasumi Laboratories Inc. Medical connector for attaching to liquid introducing tube
SE9103395D0 (sv) 1991-11-18 1991-11-18 Gambro Ab System med anvaendning av ensteril medicinsk loesning innehaallande glukos eller glukosliknande aemnen samt en loesning avsedd foer detta system
US5304165A (en) 1991-12-09 1994-04-19 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Syringe-filling medication dispenser
US5259954A (en) 1991-12-16 1993-11-09 Sepratech, Inc. Portable intravenous solution preparation apparatus and method
US5247972A (en) 1991-12-17 1993-09-28 Whittier Medical, Inc. Alignment guide for hypodermic syringe
US5289858A (en) 1991-12-18 1994-03-01 Abbott Laboratories System for accommodating withdrawal of liquid from a bulk supply
US5332399A (en) 1991-12-20 1994-07-26 Abbott Laboratories Safety packaging improvements
US5226878A (en) 1992-01-10 1993-07-13 Whitaker Designs, Inc. Two-container system for mixing medicament with diluent including safety wand to protect against improper titration
JPH05212090A (ja) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-24 Material Eng Tech Lab Inc 輸液容器
US5304130A (en) 1992-02-26 1994-04-19 Baxter International Inc. Container for the controlled administration of a beneficial agent
US5330464A (en) 1992-03-11 1994-07-19 Baxter International Inc. Reliable breakable closure mechanism
EP0560364B1 (en) * 1992-03-12 1998-10-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vibration/noise control system for vehicles
JP3146465B2 (ja) 1992-03-13 2001-03-19 株式会社ニッショー 薬液注入装置
JP3192743B2 (ja) 1992-03-17 2001-07-30 株式会社ブリヂストン 円筒状部材の成型方法および成型装置
US5211285A (en) 1992-03-19 1993-05-18 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Telescoping, pharmaceutical mixing container
EP0562671B1 (en) 1992-03-27 1996-05-29 Duphar International Research B.V Automatic injector
CA2093560C (en) 1992-04-10 2005-06-07 Minoru Honda Fluid container
SE9203659L (sv) 1992-12-04 1994-02-14 Dicamed Ab Ventilanordning för aseptisk injicering och uttag av medicinsk vätska i/ur behållare samt dess användning
SE9201247D0 (sv) 1992-04-21 1992-04-21 Kabi Pharmacia Ab Injection device
JP2550256B2 (ja) 1992-04-22 1996-11-06 昭和電工株式会社 医療用バッグ
AU665067B2 (en) * 1992-04-30 1995-12-14 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Prefilled syringe
JP2605345Y2 (ja) 1992-05-01 2000-07-10 株式会社大塚製薬工場 薬剤容器
KR100209830B1 (ko) 1992-05-03 1999-07-15 오쯔카 아끼히코 다수의 챔버를 갖는 저장용기
US5281198A (en) * 1992-05-04 1994-01-25 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Pharmaceutical component-mixing delivery assembly
JPH05317383A (ja) 1992-05-19 1993-12-03 Nissho Corp 薬剤容器との連通手段を備えた溶解液容器
US5279576A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-01-18 George Loo Medication vial adapter
US5232109A (en) 1992-06-02 1993-08-03 Sterling Winthrop Inc. Double-seal stopper for parenteral bottle
GB9211912D0 (en) 1992-06-04 1992-07-15 Drg Flexpak Ltd Vial connector system
US5385545A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-01-31 Science Incorporated Mixing and delivery system
US5484410A (en) * 1992-06-24 1996-01-16 Science Incorporated Mixing and delivery system
US5385546A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-01-31 Science Incorporated Mixing and delivering system
SE9202108D0 (sv) 1992-07-07 1992-07-07 Kabi Pharmacia Ab Dual-chamber injection cartridge
JPH07509A (ja) * 1992-07-31 1995-01-06 Nissho Corp 薬液注入装置
US5226900A (en) 1992-08-03 1993-07-13 Baxter International Inc. Cannula for use in drug delivery systems and systems including same
US5330426A (en) 1992-08-13 1994-07-19 Science Incorporated Mixing and delivery syringe assembly
US5531683A (en) 1992-08-13 1996-07-02 Science Incorporated Mixing and delivery syringe assembly
US5279583A (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-01-18 Shober Jr Robert C Retractable injection needle assembly
US5344417A (en) 1992-09-11 1994-09-06 Becton, Dickinson And Company Universal fitting for inoculation receptacles
WO1994006690A1 (en) * 1992-09-21 1994-03-31 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Device and method for containing an ampule and transferring liquid within the ampule to a container
US5287961A (en) * 1992-10-23 1994-02-22 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Multi-compartment package having improved partition strip
IT1258699B (it) 1992-11-06 1996-02-27 Italia Farina Sacca di contenimento di almeno due fluidi separati da miscelare.
US5286257A (en) * 1992-11-18 1994-02-15 Ultradent Products, Inc. Syringe apparatus with detachable mixing and delivery tip
US5484406A (en) * 1992-11-19 1996-01-16 Baxter International Inc. In-line drug delivery device for use with a standard IV administration set and a method for delivery
US5385547A (en) * 1992-11-19 1995-01-31 Baxter International Inc. Adaptor for drug delivery
US5547471A (en) 1992-11-19 1996-08-20 Baxter International Inc. In-line drug delivery device for use with a standard IV administration set and a method for delivery
US5306242A (en) 1992-12-15 1994-04-26 Abbott Laboratories Recirculation through plural pump cassettes for a solution compounding apparatus
ATE164315T1 (de) 1992-12-15 1998-04-15 Sanofi Sa Vorrichtung zur vorbereitung einer lösung, einer suspension oder einer emulsion einer medizinischen lösung
JP3091069B2 (ja) 1992-12-28 2000-09-25 三井化学株式会社 樹脂積層体およびその用途
GB2274064B (en) 1993-01-12 1996-04-17 David Lile Reynolds Intravenous infusion of pharmaceuticals
US5353961A (en) 1993-01-15 1994-10-11 Reseal International Limited Partnership Dual chamber dispenser
ES2103123T3 (es) 1993-01-19 1997-08-16 Baxter Int Recipiente de varias camaras.
CA2114348A1 (en) * 1993-01-27 1994-07-28 Richard W. Grabenkort Method and apparatus for assembling containers
JPH06239352A (ja) 1993-02-05 1994-08-30 Nissho Corp 溶解液注入セット
US5492219A (en) * 1993-02-24 1996-02-20 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Plural compartment package
JPH06259799A (ja) 1993-03-04 1994-09-16 Nikon Corp 光ディスクの再生方法及び再生装置
AU5637094A (en) 1993-03-16 1994-09-22 Clintec Nutrition Company Peelable seal and container having same
IT1262784B (it) 1993-03-29 1996-07-04 Dispositivo di sicurezza per prelievi ed infusioni
US5334180A (en) 1993-04-01 1994-08-02 Abbott Laboratories Sterile formed, filled and sealed flexible container
US5334178A (en) 1993-04-14 1994-08-02 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Pierceable pharmaceutical container closure with check valve
CA2120315C (en) * 1993-04-30 2001-05-15 Joel L. Williams Medical articles and process therefor
US5509898A (en) 1993-05-10 1996-04-23 Material Engineering Technology Laboratory, Inc. Container for therapeutic use
CA2124970A1 (en) 1993-06-29 1994-12-30 R. Hayes Helgren Pointed adapter for blunt entry device
AU676566B2 (en) 1993-06-30 1997-03-13 Baxter International Inc. Vial adapter
US5429614A (en) 1993-06-30 1995-07-04 Baxter International Inc. Drug delivery system
US5593028A (en) * 1993-07-02 1997-01-14 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Multi-pharmaceutical storage, mixing and dispensing vial
US5335773A (en) 1993-07-02 1994-08-09 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Multi-pharmaceutical storage, mixing and dispensing vial
US5330048A (en) 1993-07-09 1994-07-19 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Controlled access mixing vial
US5397303A (en) 1993-08-06 1995-03-14 River Medical, Inc. Liquid delivery device having a vial attachment or adapter incorporated therein
US5398851A (en) 1993-08-06 1995-03-21 River Medical, Inc. Liquid delivery device
WO1995007066A1 (fr) 1993-09-07 1995-03-16 Debiotech S.A. Dispositif de seringue pour le melange de deux composes
US5462526A (en) 1993-09-15 1995-10-31 Mcgaw, Inc. Flexible, sterile container and method of making and using same
US5540674A (en) 1993-09-28 1996-07-30 Abbott Laboratories Solution container with dual use access port
US5423796A (en) 1993-10-08 1995-06-13 United States Surgical Corporation Trocar with electrical tissue penetration indicator
US5472022A (en) 1993-11-02 1995-12-05 Genentech, Inc. Injection pen solution transfer apparatus and method
US5538506A (en) 1993-11-03 1996-07-23 Farris; Barry Prefilled fluid syringe
US5458593A (en) 1993-11-24 1995-10-17 Bayer Corporation Dockable bag system and method
US5429256A (en) 1994-01-24 1995-07-04 Kestenbaum; Alan D. Drug withdrawal system for container
US5489266A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-02-06 Becton, Dickinson And Company Syringe assembly and method for lyophilizing and reconstituting injectable medication
US5522804A (en) 1994-02-15 1996-06-04 Lynn; Lawrence A. Aspiration, mixing, and injection syringe
US5554128A (en) 1994-03-09 1996-09-10 Joseph K. Andonian Syringe and vial connector
US5620434A (en) 1994-03-14 1997-04-15 Brony; Seth K. Medicine vial link for needleless syringes
US5474540A (en) 1994-03-25 1995-12-12 Micromedics, Inc. Fluid separation control attachment for physiologic glue applicator
US5535746A (en) 1994-03-29 1996-07-16 Sterling Winthrop Inc. Prefilled syringe for use with power injector
JP3383966B2 (ja) 1994-05-27 2003-03-10 ニプロ株式会社 プレフィルドシリンジ
US5595314A (en) * 1994-06-02 1997-01-21 Automatic Liquid Packaging, Inc. Torque-resistant closure for a hermetically sealed container
EP0692235A1 (en) 1994-07-14 1996-01-17 International Medication Systems (U.K.) Ltd. Mixing & dispensing apparatus
US5526853A (en) 1994-08-17 1996-06-18 Mcgaw, Inc. Pressure-activated medication transfer system
US5509912A (en) 1994-10-24 1996-04-23 Vlv Associates Connector
US5494190A (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-02-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method and combination for dispensing two part sealing material
US5533973A (en) 1995-01-13 1996-07-09 Abbott Laboratories Alteration of nutritional product during enteral tube feeding
US5492147A (en) * 1995-01-17 1996-02-20 Aeroquip Corporation Dry break coupling
US5569193A (en) 1995-03-22 1996-10-29 Abbott Laboratories Syringe system accommodating separately storable prefilled containers for two constituents
US5566729A (en) 1995-04-06 1996-10-22 Abbott Laboratories Drug reconstitution and administration system
DE19513666C1 (de) 1995-04-11 1996-11-28 Behringwerke Ag Vorrichtung zum Zusammenführen einer ersten flüssigen und einer zweiten festen oder flüssigen Komponente mittels Unterdruck unter sterilen Bedingungen
US5603695A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-02-18 Erickson; Kim Device for alkalizing local anesthetic injection medication
US5584808A (en) 1995-06-20 1996-12-17 Healy; Patrick M. Valve mechanism
CA2159531A1 (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-03-30 Courtland B. Lawrence Method for monitoring absorbed dose in an electron beam
US5596193A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-01-21 California Institute Of Technology Miniature quadrupole mass spectrometer array
US5897526A (en) 1996-06-26 1999-04-27 Vaillancourt; Vincent L. Closed system medication administering system
US6019750A (en) 1997-12-04 2000-02-01 Baxter International Inc. Sliding reconstitution device with seal
AT406805B (de) 1998-02-06 2000-09-25 Bse Mediscan Ges M B H & Co Kg Verfahren zum behandeln eines gutes
US6378714B1 (en) 1998-04-20 2002-04-30 Becton Dickinson And Company Transferset for vials and other medical containers
US6022339A (en) * 1998-09-15 2000-02-08 Baxter International Inc. Sliding reconstitution device for a diluent container
US6340590B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-01-22 John R. Gillis Verification of thermal sterilization
US6140657A (en) * 1999-03-17 2000-10-31 American International Technologies, Inc. Sterilization by low energy electron beam
US6232610B1 (en) * 1999-06-17 2001-05-15 Gex Corporation Dosimetry apparatus and method
US6475433B2 (en) 2000-02-01 2002-11-05 Ebw Electronics, Inc. Method and apparatus for verifying ultraviolet sterilization
US6543098B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2003-04-08 Tektronix, Inc. Printed circuit board mounting facility
US6624427B2 (en) 2001-09-04 2003-09-23 Asahi Techno Glass Corporation Dosimeter glass element, method for manufacturing same, and dosimeter holder
US7270790B2 (en) * 2002-04-11 2007-09-18 Baxter International Inc. Sterilizer monitoring and controlling system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2007516774A (ja) 2007-06-28
US8022375B2 (en) 2011-09-20
ES2473315T3 (es) 2014-07-04
CN1897982A (zh) 2007-01-17
EP1708759B1 (en) 2012-04-25
EP1708759A1 (en) 2006-10-11
WO2005065728A1 (en) 2005-07-21
EP2465544B1 (en) 2014-03-19
PL1708759T3 (pl) 2012-09-28
CA2546846A1 (en) 2005-07-21
EP2465544A1 (en) 2012-06-20
AU2010219435A1 (en) 2010-10-07
ES2386894T3 (es) 2012-09-05
AU2010219435B2 (en) 2012-03-15
ATE554794T1 (de) 2012-05-15
US20050135965A1 (en) 2005-06-23
CA2546846C (en) 2012-08-28
AU2004311924B2 (en) 2010-06-17
AU2004311924A1 (en) 2005-07-21
US7641851B2 (en) 2010-01-05
US20100140515A1 (en) 2010-06-10
MXPA06006475A (es) 2006-08-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN100556462C (zh) 用于检验对消毒系统内的若干部件进行消毒的方法
US6221216B1 (en) Technique for interior electron sterilization of an open mouthed container
JPH04500472A (ja) 無菌製品およびそのような無菌製品の滅菌および組立て方法
US7540998B2 (en) Delivery system and prescription method for interstitial radiation therapy using enhanced parametric release sterilization techniques
JP6255415B2 (ja) 放射x線監視を備えた、容器を殺菌するための装置及び方法
Fairand et al. Radiation sterilization
Lambert et al. Chapter III. 1.2-Sterilization of Implants and Devices
Kroc et al. Accelerator-driven medical sterilization to replace Co-60 sources
QWP et al. Guideline on the sterilisation of the medicinal product, active substance, excipient and primary container
CN110214191A (zh) 包括两次连续污染的灭菌过程的验证方法
Soliman et al. Dosimetric studies for gamma radiation validation of medical devices
DE4019620C2 (zh)
Jacobs Validation of the radiation sterilization of pharmaceuticals
Butson et al. Dosimetry of blood irradiation with radiochromic film
Cleghorn et al. Electron sterilization validation techniques using the controlled depth of sterilization process
US20220175986A1 (en) Decontamination method
Booth Revival: Sterilization Validation and Routine Operation Handbook (2001): Radiation
Aaronson et al. An in-line electron sterilizer for container geometries to 250 ml (8 OZ)
Booth Industrial sterilization technologies: principles and overview
Barinov et al. Medical equipment sterilization using superhigh dose rate X-ray irradiation
Pillai et al. E-beam sterilization of aerospace materials: Microbiological & mechanical property evaluations
Bruch et al. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
Yusof Validation of radiation dose distribution in boxes for frozen and nonfrozen tissue grafts
Quynh Radiation Sterilization in Vietnam: Status, Opportunities and Challenges
McKee et al. Feasibility of a large gamma irradiator as a hospital sterilization facility

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C17 Cessation of patent right
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20091104

Termination date: 20101201