CN100572748C - 用于使流体在井系统里循环流动的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于使流体在井系统里循环流动的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN100572748C
CN100572748C CNB2003801052041A CN200380105204A CN100572748C CN 100572748 C CN100572748 C CN 100572748C CN B2003801052041 A CNB2003801052041 A CN B2003801052041A CN 200380105204 A CN200380105204 A CN 200380105204A CN 100572748 C CN100572748 C CN 100572748C
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pit shaft
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subsurface formation
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CN1720386A (zh
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J·A·祖帕尼克
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CDX Gas LLC
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/067Separating gases from drilling fluids
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006Production of coal-bed methane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/09Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

Abstract

一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法,它包括从地面钻一个大致垂向的井筒(12)到一个地下地层区域(15)以及从地面钻一个铰接的井筒(30)到所述地下地层区域,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离,而在所述地下地层区域里所述铰接的井筒与所述大致垂向的井筒相交于一个交会处。该方法还包括从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒以及在钻所述泄放井筒时通过钻杆用泵送入一种钻井流体。该方法还包括通过在大致垂向的井筒里向下延伸的管路向下送入一种流体。一种流体混合物沿着所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒向上流。流体混合物包括从所述钻杆流出的所述钻井流体。

Description

用于使流体在井系统里循环流动的方法和系统
本发明的技术领域
本发明总地涉及用于开采地下地层资源的系统和方法,尤其涉及用于使流体在井系统里循环流动的方法和系统。
本发明的背景
地下煤矿床,也称为煤层,夹藏有大量的甲烷气体。开采和利用煤层里的甲烷气体已经发展了许多年。但是,一直有大量的障碍阻碍煤层里的甲烷气体矿床的广泛开发和利用。
例如,从煤层开采气体的一个问题可能是由超平衡的钻井状态不时地引起的困难,而这种钻井状态是由地下地层气体压力低引起的并且被煤层的疏松性给加重了。在垂向和水平方向的地面钻井作业中,是用钻井流体把钻头切割下来的钻屑从井筒清除到地面。钻井流体会对地层构造施加流体静压力,而当钻井流体的压力超过地层里的压力时,钻井流体就可能进入地层而损失了。这会导致钻屑进入地层中,进而有可能堵塞地层里的疏松孔隙、裂纹和裂缝,而这些却是开采地层气体所需要的。
可以采用某些方法以欠平衡状态进行钻井。在钻井流体里掺入氮气之类的气体可降低流体静压力,但是这样又可能产生其他的问题,包括在解开和连接钻杆的操作中更难以将井系统维持在所希望的压力状态。
本发明的概要
本发明提供一种用于使流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法和系统,其基本上可消除或减少已有技术的流体循环流动方法和系统中存在的至少某些缺点和问题。
按照本发明的一个特定实施例,一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法包括:从地面钻一个大致垂向的井筒(well bore)到一个地下地层区域,以及,用一根钻杆从地面钻一个铰接的井筒(articulated well bore)到所述地下地层区域。在地面上,所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离,而在地下地层区域里所述铰接的井筒与所述大致垂向的井筒相交于一个交会处。该方法还包括从所述交会处向地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒,并且在钻所述泄放井筒时通过所述钻杆用泵送入一种钻井流体(drilling fluid)。所述钻井流体从所述钻杆的钻头附近流出所述钻杆。这种方法还包括在所述大致垂向的井筒里设置一个向下延伸的管路并通过所述管路向下送入一种流体。所述管路有一个在所述交会处的开口,因此所述流体可在所述交会处流出所述管路。一种流体混合物沿着所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒向上流。所述流体混合物包括从所述钻杆流出的所述钻井流体。
沿着在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述管路向下送入的流体包括气体,诸如压缩空气。在所述大致垂向的井筒里向上流的所述流体混合物可能包括沿着在大致垂向的井筒里的所述管路向下送入并从其所述开口流出的气体、从所述地下地层区域流出的流体以及从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。这种方法还包括改变通过在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述管路向下送入的所述流体的流量,以便控制底孔压力而达到一种所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡钻井状态(under-balanced drilling condition)、平衡钻井状态或超平衡钻井状态(over-balanced drilling condition)。
按照本发明的另一个实施例,一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法包括:从地面钻一个大致垂向的井筒到一个地下地层区域,以及用一根钻杆从地面钻一个铰接的井筒到所述地下地层区域。在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离,而在所述地下地层区域里所述铰接的井筒与所述大致垂向的井筒相交于一个交会处。这种方法还包括从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒,并且在钻所述泄放井筒时通过所述钻杆用泵送入一种钻井流体。所述钻井流体从所述钻杆的钻头附近流出所述钻杆。这种方法还包括在所述大致垂向的井筒里设置一个向下延伸的泵套管(pump string)。所述泵套管包括一个在所述交会处的泵进口。这种方法包括通过在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述泵套管向上泵吸从所述泵进口进入所述泵套管的流体混合物。这种方法可包括改变通过在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述泵套管向上泵吸所述流体混合物的速度,来控制底孔压力(bottom hole pressure)以达到一种所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡钻井状态、平衡钻井状态或超平衡钻井状态。
本发明的各特定实施例的技术上的优点体现在一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法和系统,其包括沿着大致垂向的井筒向下送入气体。可以改变沿着大致垂向的井筒向下送入的气体的流量,来达到一种所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡钻井状态、平衡钻井状态或超平衡钻井状态。因此可以改善钻井和回采过程(retrieval process)的灵活性。
本发明的各特定实施例的技术上的另一个优点是,在所述铰接的井筒里有一个能够起流体密封作用的流体液位,其能够在钻井过程中阻止地层流体逸出到钻架(drill rig)处。被阻止的地层流体可能包含有毒气体,诸如硫化氢。因此,可使钻井设备和人员不受有毒气体流的侵害,从而增加钻井系统的安全性。
本发明的各特定实施例的技术上的再一个优点体现在一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法和系统,其包括通过一个设置在所述大致垂向的井筒里的泵套管向上泵吸流体混合物。所述流体混合物可能包括钻井过程中用的钻井流体和从地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。来自地下地层区域的气体可以旁通过所述泵套管,可将这些气体从钻井系统中的其它流体分离出来,加以回收或烧掉。而且,可以改变通过大致垂向的井筒向上泵吸流体混合物的速度,来达到一种所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡钻井状态、平衡钻井状态或超平衡钻井状态。
熟悉本技术领域的人很容易从这些说明、各附图和权利要求书看出本发明的技术上的其它优点。而且,尽管上面已经列举了许多具体的优点,但是,各实施例可能包括全部这些优点,或其中的某些,也可能没有这些优点。
附图简要说明
为了更完全地理解本发明的各特定实施例及其优点,下面参照附图进行说明,各附图中:
图1表示出本发明的一个实施例的井系统里的流体循环流动,在这一井系统中,是通过在大致垂向的井筒里的一个管路向下送入一种流体;
图2表示出本发明的一个实施例的井系统里的流体循环流动,在这一井系统中,是沿着大致垂向的井筒向下送入一种流体,并且通过一个管路向上泵吸流体混合物;
图3表示出本发明的一个实施例的井系统里的流体循环流动,在这一井系统中,通过一根在大致垂向的井筒里的泵套管向上泵吸流体混合物;
图4是表示本发明的一个实施例的用于使流体在井系统里流动的示例性方法的流程图,在这一井系统中,是通过在大致垂向的井筒里的一个管路向下送入一种流体;以及
图5是表示本发明的一个实施例的用于使流体在井系统里流动的示例性方法的流程图,在这一井系统中,是通过一根在大致垂向的井筒里的泵套管向上泵吸流体混合物。
本发明的详细描述
图1表示出流体在井系统10里的流动。井系统10包括一个可能有煤层的地下地层区域。应该理解:用本发明的双井系统可以类似地达到其它的地下地层区域,以抽取和/或开采地下地层区域里的水、碳氢化合物、气体和其它流体,以及处理地下地层区域里的矿物,而后进行开采。
参照图1,大致垂向的井筒12从地面14延伸到作为目标的地下地层区域15。大致垂向的井筒12相交于并穿进地下地层区域15。大致垂向的井筒12可以衬上一个适当的井筒套管16,并使套管的末端处于煤层或另一地下地层区域15的层面上或其上方。
可以在大致垂向的井筒12里在地下地层区域15的层面上成形一个扩大的洞穴20。在各不同的实施例中扩大的洞穴20可以有不同的形状。扩大的洞穴20可为大致垂向的井筒12与一个铰接的井筒在地下地层区域15里相交提供一个交会处,以便再钻出一个泄放井筒。扩大的洞穴20也可为在开采作业中从地下地层区域15流出的流体提供一个汇集点。大致垂向的井筒12的垂向部分延续到扩大的洞穴20以下,而为扩大的洞穴20形成一个集液池22。
一个铰接的井筒30从地面14延伸到大致垂向的井筒12的扩大的洞穴20。铰接的井筒30包括一大致垂向的部分32、一大致水平的部分34和把前两者连接起来的一弯曲部分或弧形部分36。水平部分34基本上处在地下地层区域15的水平平面里并与大致垂向的井筒12的扩大的洞穴20相交。在一些特定实施例中,铰接的井筒30可能没有水平的部分,例如,如果地下地层区域15不是水平的,就是如此。在这种情况中,铰接的井筒30可以包括一个基本上与地下地层区域15处于同一平面内的部分。
可以用包括一个适当的下井马达(down-hole motor)和钻头42的铰接的钻杆40来钻成铰接的井筒30。钻架67架设在地面上。铰接的钻杆40可包括一个一边进行钻井一边进行测量的测量装置44,用于控制由马达和钻头42钻出的井筒的方位和方向。铰接的井筒30的大致垂向的部分32可以衬上一个适当的井筒套管38。
在铰接的井筒30成功地交会于扩大的洞穴20之后,继续用铰接的钻杆40和适当的水平钻井装置穿过扩大的洞穴20在地下地层区域15里向前钻出一个泄放井筒(drainage bore)50。根据煤层或地下地层区域15的走势,泄放井筒50和其它的这类井筒可以是有斜坡的、有起伏的,或其它倾斜的。
在钻泄放井筒50的过程中,用泵64通过铰接的钻杆40送入钻井流体(诸如钻井泥浆),使钻井流体在钻头42附近从铰接的钻杆40流出来,用以冲刷地层构造和清除钻屑。钻井流体也用于为钻头42提供切割地层的动力。图1中,箭头“60”表示钻井流体流进流出铰接的钻杆40的总的流向。
井系统10包括在铰接的井筒30与泵64之间的管路上的阀门66和阀门68。在钻井过程中把钻井流体用泵送入铰接的钻杆40时,阀门66是打开的。,在对铰接的钻杆40进行连接时,在解开钻杆过程中或在其它需要的情况中可打开阀门68,以便把流体(即钻井流体或压缩空气)送入铰接的钻杆40外面的铰接的井筒30,也就是铰接的钻杆40与铰接的井筒30的内表面之间的环状空间。在把钻井流体用泵送入铰接的钻杆40外面的铰接的井筒30时,不发生主动的钻井,诸如在连接和解开钻杆过程中,以使操作者能够保持所需要的铰接的井筒30里的底孔压力。而且,如果原意,可以同时让钻井流体流过阀门66和阀门68。在所示的这一实施例中,是把阀门68部分地打开,以允许流体进入铰接的井筒30。
在铰接的井筒30里的压力高于地下地层区域15的压力(地层压力)时,可把这时的井系统认为是超平衡的。在铰接的井筒30里的压力低于地层压力时,可把这时的井系统认为是欠平衡的。在超平衡钻井状态中,钻井流体及其挟带的钻屑可能进入地下地层区域15。钻井流体的这种流失和钻屑进入地层构造不仅是昂贵的,因为钻井流体需要配制,而且可能堵塞地下地层区域里的疏松孔,而疏松孔是让地下地层区域里的气体和水流出来所必需的。
可以通过管路80把一种流体诸如压缩空气或其它适当的气体向下送入大致垂向的井筒12。在所示的这一实施例中,是通过管路80向下送入气体,但是应该理解:在其它的实施例中也可以通过管路80向下送入其它流体。可以用空气压缩机65或一个泵或其它装置通过管路80向下送入气体。气体的流动方向总的由箭头“76”表示。管路80有在扩大的洞穴20处的开口端82,使气体可在扩大的洞穴20处从管路80里流出来。
为了改变铰接的井筒30的底孔压力,可以改变通过在大致垂向的井筒12里的管路80向下送入的气体或其它流体的流量。还有,为了改变底孔压力,可以改变送入大致垂向的井筒12里的气体或其它流体的成份。通过改变铰接的井筒30的底孔压力,能够达到所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
通过铰接的钻杆40用泵送入的钻井流体与通过管路80向下送入的气体或其它流体混合而形成流体混合物。流体混合物在管路80的外面沿着大致垂向的井筒12向上流。流体混合物的这种流动在图1中用箭头“74”表示。流体混合物还包括从地下地层区域15钻下来的的钻屑和从地下地层区域15流出的诸如水和甲烷气体之类的流体,。通过在铰接的钻杆40的外面的铰接的井筒30送入的流体也可以与气体混合而形成在管路80的外面沿着大致垂向的井筒12向上流的流体混合物。铰接的井筒30里有一个流体液位39。可以通过调整泵64的流体排量和/或空气压缩机65的排量来形成一定高度的流体液位39。这个流体液位39起一个流体密封的作用,对沿着铰接的井筒30向上流的地层流体诸如有毒的地层气体(例如硫化氢)形成一个阻力。这种阻力来自于铰接的井筒30里的流体液位的流体静压力。这样,地面上的钻架67和钻井人员就可免于接触沿着铰接的井筒30向上流的可能包含有毒气体的地层流体。还有,与如果钻屑沿着铰接的钻杆40外面的铰接的井筒30流向地面的情况相比,大致垂向的井筒12里的较大的环形区域使得钻屑能够以较低的压力流到地面。
即使需要对铰接的钻杆40增加附加的井口套环,在钻井过程中也能保持所希望的底孔压力,因为可以改变向下送入大致垂向的井筒12里的气体的量来抵消由于用附加的钻杆套环产生的压力变化。
图2表示出按照本发明的流体在井系统410里的流动。在许多方面,系统410类似于图1的系统10。但是,在系统410里流体的流动不同于系统10里流体的流动。系统410包括大致垂向的井筒412和铰接的井筒430。铰接的井筒430在扩大的洞穴420处与大致垂向的井筒412相交。铰接的井筒430包括一大致垂向的部分432、一弯曲的部分436和一大致水平的部分434。铰接的井筒430相交于大致垂向的井筒412的扩大的洞穴420。铰接的井筒430的大致水平的部分434钻进地下地层区域415。铰接的井筒430可用包括一个下井马达和钻头442的铰接的钻杆440来钻成。泄放井筒450也是用铰接的钻杆440钻成的。
与上面参照图1所述的一样,通过铰接的钻杆440用泵送入钻井流体。图2中,钻井流体的流动方向用箭头“460”表示。从铰接的钻杆440流出来的钻井流体可能混合于来自地下地层区域415的流体和/或钻屑。在连接或解开钻杆作业过程中或在需要时,可以用阀门468把流体诸如压井流体用泵送入铰接的钻杆440外面的铰接的井筒430,如图1所示那样。
可把一种流体诸如压缩空气沿着大致垂向的井筒大致垂向的井筒412向下送入在管路480与大致垂向的井筒412的表面之间的环形空间,在所示的这一实施例中,是把气体送入在管路480的外面的大致垂向的井筒412里。但是应该理解:在其它实施例中可以向下送入其它流体。可以用空气压缩机465或一个泵或其它装置向下送入气体或其它流体。气体的流动方向总的由箭头“476”表示。
为了改变铰接的井筒430的底孔压力,可以改变沿着大致垂向的井筒412向下送入的气体或其它流体的流量。还有,为了改变底孔压力,也可以改变通过大致垂向的井筒12向下送入的气体或其它流体的成份。通过改变铰接的井筒430的底孔压力,能够达到所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
通过铰接的钻杆440用泵送入的钻井流体与沿着在管路480外面的大致垂向的井筒412向下送入的气体或其它流体混合而形成流体混合物。流体混合物进入管路480的开口端482并在管路480里向上流。流体混合物的这种流动在图2中用箭头474表示。流体混合物也包括从地下地层区域15钻下来的钻屑和从地下地层区域15流出的诸如水和甲烷气体的流体。通过在铰接的钻杆440外面的铰接的井筒430用泵送入的流体也可以与气体混合而形成在大致垂向的井筒412里面的管路480里向上流的流体混合物。
图3表示出按照本发明的一个实施例的流体在井系统110里的流动。系统110包括一大致垂向的井筒112和一铰接的井筒130。铰接的井筒130在扩大的洞穴120处与大致垂向的井筒112相交。铰接的井筒130包括一大致垂向的部分132、一弯曲的部分136和一大致水平的部分134。铰接的井筒130相交于大致垂向的井筒112的扩大的洞穴120。铰接的井筒130的大致水平的部分134钻进地下地层区域115。铰接的井筒130可用包括一个下井马达和钻头142的铰接的钻杆140来钻成。泄放井筒150也是用铰接的钻杆140钻成的。
大致垂向的井筒112里有一个泵套管180,其有一个位于扩大的洞穴120里的泵进口182。与参照图1所述的一样,通过铰接的钻杆140用泵送入钻井流体。图3中,这种钻井流体的流动方向用箭头“160”表示。钻井流体在从铰接的钻杆140出来之后可与来自地下地层区域115的流体和/或钻屑混合而形成流体混合物。
可以用泵165把流体混合物通过泵进口182和泵套管180向上泵吸,如图3中的箭头“172”所示。来自地下地层区域115的地层气体171从泵进口182的旁边流过而沿着大致垂向的井筒112向上流到压力较低的区域。这样,本发明的这一特定实施例提供了一种通过一个泵套管把流体抽出双井系统并限制通过这一泵套管泵吸的地层气体的量的方式。地层气体171可被烧掉或回收,如图3所示。
为了改变系统110的流体液位和底孔压力,可改变通过泵套管180向上泵吸流体混合物的速度。通过改变流体液位和底孔压力,可以达到所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。大致垂向的井筒112里设置有一个压力传感器168,其可检测大致垂向的井筒112里的压力。压力传感器电连接于泵165的发动机167,可根据系统110中一定部位的压力自动地改变泵165的转速。在其它实施例中,可以手动改变泵165的转速来达到所希望的钻井状态。
在对铰接的钻杆140进行连接时,在解开钻杆过程中或在其它需要的情况中,可把钻井流体通过铰接的钻杆140外面的铰接的井筒130向下送入井系统。这样的钻井流体可与来自地下地层区域115的流体和/或钻屑混合而形成流体混合物,可把这些流体混合物通过泵套管180向上泵吸。
图4是一个流程图,其表示按照本发明的一个实施例的用于使流体在井系统里流动的示例性方法。这一方法以从地面向地下地层区域钻一个大致垂向的井筒的步骤200开始。在这几个特定实施例中,地下地层区域可以包括煤层或碳氢化合物矿藏层。在步骤202,从地面钻一个铰接的井筒到地下地层区域。这个铰接的井筒是用一根钻杆来钻成。在地面上铰接的井筒与大致垂向的井筒之间有一定的水平距离,而在地下地层区域里两者相交于一个交会处。这个交会处可以是一个扩大的洞穴。
步骤204包括从交会处向地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒。在步骤206,在钻泄放井筒的同时通过钻杆用泵送入钻井流体。钻井流体可从钻杆端部的钻头处流出钻杆。
在步骤208,把诸如压缩空气之类的气体通过一个管路向下送入大致垂向的井筒。在其它各实施例中,可把其它流体通过这一管路向下送入大致垂向的井筒。这一管路有一个在所述交会处的开口,其使气体可在交会处从所述管路流出。在这几个特定实施例中,向下送入的气体与钻井流体混合而形成流体混合物,流体混合物会沿着所述管路外面的大致垂向的井筒向上流。流体混合物也包括来自地下地层区域的流体和/或钻屑。可以改变通过所述管路向下送入大致垂向的井筒里的气体或其它流体的流量或成份,来控制井系统的底孔压力以达到所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
图5也是一个流程图,它表示本发明的一个实施例的用于使流体在井系统里流动的示例性方法。这一方法以从地面向地下地层区域钻一个大致垂向的井筒的步骤300开始。在这几个特定实施例中,地下地层区域可以包括煤层或碳氢化合物矿藏层。在步骤302,从地面钻一个铰接的井筒到地下地层区域。这个铰接的井筒是用一根钻杆来钻成。在地面上铰接的井筒与大致垂向的井筒之间有一定的水平距离,而在地下地层区域里两者相交于一个交会处。这个交会处可以是一个扩大的洞穴。
步骤304包括从交会处向地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒。在步骤306,在钻泄放井筒的同时通过钻杆用泵送入钻井流体。钻井流体可从钻杆端部的钻头处流出钻杆。在步骤308,设置一个伸进大致垂向的井筒里的泵套管。这一泵套管包括一个在所述交会处的泵进口。在步骤310,通过这一泵套管向上泵吸流体混合物。流体混合物从所述泵进口进入泵套管。流体混合物可能包括从钻杆流出的钻井流体、来自地下地层区域的流体和/或从地下地层区域切割下来的钻屑。可以改变沿着大致垂向的井筒向下送入的气体或其它流体的流量或成份,来控制井系统的底孔压力以达到所希望的钻井状态,诸如欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
尽管已经详细说明了本发明,但是应该理解,熟悉本技术领域的人可作出各种改变和变型。所以,应该认为,本发明包括属于权利要求书范围内的所有改变和变型。

Claims (54)

1.一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法,它包括以下步骤:
从地面钻一个大致垂向的井筒到一个地下地层区域;
用钻杆从地面钻一个铰接的井筒到所述地下地层区域,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近所述地下地层区域的交会处与所述大致垂向的井筒相交;
从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒;
在钻所述泄放井筒时通过所述钻杆用泵送入一种钻井流体,使所述钻井流体从所述钻杆的钻头附近处流出所述钻杆;
在所述大致垂向的井筒里设置一个向下延伸的管路并通过所述管路向下送入一第二流体,所述管路有一个在靠近所述交会处的开口,因此所述第二流体可在所述交会处流出所述管路;以及
其中,一种流体混合物沿着所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒向上流,所述流体混合物包括从所述钻杆流出的所述钻井流体;以及
控制沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述第二流体的流量和成分中的至少一种,以达到一种欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入第二流体的步骤包括送入气体。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述流体混合物还包括至少下列之一:沿着在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述管路送入并从其所述开口流出的气体;从所述地下地层区域流出的流体;以及,从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,它还包括调整通过所述钻杆用泵送入的所述钻井流体的量以形成一种流体密封,所述流体密封包括一个流体液位,其能够阻止来自所述地下地层区域的气体在所述铰接的井筒里向上流。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括煤层。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括碳氢化合物矿藏层。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述流体包括压缩空气。
8.一种用于使钻井流体通过两个井筒循环流动的系统,它包括:
一个从地面延伸到一个地下地层区域的大致垂向的井筒;一个从地面延伸到所述地下地层区域的铰接的井筒,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近所述地下地层区域的交会处与所述大致垂向的井筒相交;
一个从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里延伸的一个泄放井筒;
一根布置在所述铰接的井筒里的钻杆,所述钻杆用于钻所述泄放井筒;
一种通过所述钻杆用泵送入并在所述钻杆的钻头附近处流出所述钻杆的钻井流体;
一个设置在所述大致垂向的井筒里的管路,所述管路有一个在靠近所述交会处的开口端;
沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的一第二流体,所述第二流体在所述交会处流出所述管路;
一种在所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒里向上流动的流体混合物,所述流体混合物包括从所述钻杆流出的所述钻井流体;以及
其中,可以通过控制沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述流体的流量和成份中两者至少之一以控制系统的底孔压力来达到一种欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的第二流体包括气体。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其特征在于,所述流体混合物包括至少下列之一:沿着在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述管路向下送入并从其所述开口端流出的气体;从所述地下地层区域流出的流体;以及,从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。
11.如权利要求8所述的系统,它还包括在所述铰接的井筒里形成的一种流体密封,所述流体密封包括一个流体液位,其能够阻止来自所述地下地层区域的气体在所述铰接的井筒里向上流。
12.如权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括煤层。
13.如权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括碳氢化合物矿藏层。
14.如权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述第二流体包括压缩空气。
15.一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法,它包括以下步骤:
从地面钻一个大致垂向的井筒到一个地下地层区域;
用钻杆从地面钻一个铰接的井筒到所述地下地层区域,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近所述地下地层区域的交会处与所述大致垂向的井筒相交;
从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒;
在钻所述泄放井筒时通过所述钻杆用泵送入一种钻井流体,使所述钻井流体从所述钻杆的钻头的附近处流出所述钻杆;以及
在所述大致垂向的井筒里设置一个向下延伸的管路并在所述管路外面向下送入一第二流体,所述管路有一个在靠近所述交会处的开口;以及
其中,一种流体混合物在交会处沿着所述管路的所述大致垂向的井筒向上流,所述流体混合物包括从所述钻杆流出的所述钻井流体;
控制向下送入大致垂向的井筒里的所述第二流体的流量和成分中的至少一种,以达到一种欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
16.如权利要求15述的方法,其特征在于,所述沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入第二流体的步骤包括送入气体。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述流体混合物还包括至少下列之一:向下送入大致垂向的井筒里的所述气体;从所述地下地层区域流出的流体;以及,从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括煤层。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括碳氢化合物矿藏层。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,沿着大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述第二流体包括压缩空气。
21.一种用于使钻井流体通过两个井筒循环流动的系统,它包括:
一个从地面延伸到一个地下地层区域的大致垂向的井筒;
一个从地面延伸到所述地下地层区域的铰接的井筒,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近所述地下地层区域的交会处与所述大致垂向的井筒相交;
一个从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里延伸的一个泄放井筒;
一根布置在所述铰接的井筒里的钻杆,所述钻杆用于钻所述泄放井筒;
一种通过所述钻杆向下送入并在所述钻杆的钻头的附近处流出所述钻杆的钻井流体;
一个设置在所述大致垂向的井筒里的管路,所述管路有一个位于靠近所述交会处的开口;
沿着所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的一第二流体;
一种在所述交会处进入所述管路的开口并在所述管路里向上流动的流体混合物,所述流体混合物包括从所述钻杆流出的所述钻井流体;以及
其中,可以改变向下送入所述大致垂向的井筒里的第二流体的流量和成分中的至少一种以控制系统的底孔压力,来达到一种欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
22.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述第二流体包括气体。
23.如权利要求22所述的系统,其特征在于,所述流体混合物包括至少下列之一:
沿着所述大致垂向的井筒用泵送入的气体;
从所述地下地层区域流出的流体;以及
从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。
24.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括煤层。
25.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括碳氢化合物矿藏层。
26.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒用泵送入的所述第二流体包括压缩空气。
27.一种用于使流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法,它包括:
通过一个铰接的井筒用泵送入第一种流体,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近地下地层区域的交会处与大致垂向的井筒相交;
通过一个设置在所述大致垂向的井筒里的管路向下送入第二种流体,所述管路有一个在靠近所述交会处的开口,因此所述第二种流体能在靠近所述交会处流出所述管路;
其中,一种流体混合物在所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒里向上流,所述流体混合物包括所述第一种流体;以及
控制沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的第二种流体的流量和成分中至少一种,来达到一种欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,在进行对所述铰接的井筒里的钻杆的连接时通过所述铰接的井筒用泵送入所述第一种流体。
29.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,在松开所述铰接的井筒里的钻杆时通过所述铰接的井筒用泵送入所述第一种流体。
30.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入所述第二种流体的步骤包括送入气体。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,所述流体混合物还包括至少下列之一:通过在所述大致垂向的井筒里的所述管路向下送入并从其流出的所述气体;从所述地下地层区域流出的流体;以及,从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。
32.如权利要求所述的方法,它还包括调整通过所述铰接的井筒用泵送入的所述第一种流体的量以形成一种流体密封,所述流体密封包括一个流体液位,其能够阻止来自所述地下地层区域的气体在所述铰接的井筒里向上流。
33.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括煤层。
34.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括碳氢化合物矿藏层。
35.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二种流体包括压缩空气。
36.一种用于使流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法,它包括:
通过一个铰接的井筒用泵送入第一种流体,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近地下地层区域的交会处与大致垂向的井筒相交;
在所述大致垂向的井筒里设置一个管路,使所述管路有一个在靠近所述交会处的开口,并沿着所述管路外面的所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入第二种流体;
其中,一种流体混合物在靠近所述交会处进入所述管路的所述开口并在所述管路里向上流,所述流体混合物包括所述第一种流体;以及
控制沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的第二种流体的流量和成分中的至少一种,来达到一种欠平衡、平衡或超平衡钻井状态。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,在进行对所述铰接的井筒里的钻杆的连接时通过所述铰接的井筒用泵送入所述第一种流体。
38.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,在松开所述铰接的井筒里的钻杆时通过所述铰接的井筒用泵送入所述第一种流体。
39.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入所述第二种流体的步骤包括沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入气体。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法,其特征在于,所述流体混合物还包括至少下列之一:
沿着所述大致垂向的井筒向下送入的所述气体;
从所述地下地层区域流出的流体;以及
从所述地下地层区域钻下来的钻屑。
41.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括煤层。
42.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地下地层区域包括碳氢化合物矿藏层。
43.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二种流体包括压缩空气。
44.一种用于使钻井流体在一种井系统里循环流动的方法,它包括以下步骤:
从地面钻一个大致垂向的井筒到一个地下地层区域;
用钻杆从地面钻一个铰接的井筒到所述地下地层区域,所述铰接的井筒在一个靠近所述地下地层区域的交会处与所述大致垂向的井筒相交;
从所述交会处向所述地下地层区域里钻一个泄放井筒;
在钻所述泄放井筒时通过所述钻杆用泵送入一种钻井流体,使所述钻井流体从所述钻杆的钻头的附近处流出所述钻杆;
在所述大致垂向的井筒里设置一个泵套管,所述泵套管包括一个在所述交会处的泵进口;以及
向上述两个井筒中的至少一个送入流体以控制所述系统的底孔压力。
45.如权利要求44所述的方法,其特征在于,送入所述两个井筒中的至少一个的所述流体包括压缩空气。
46.如权利要求44所述的方法,它还包括控制送入所述两个井筒中的至少一个的所述流体的流量,以控制所述底孔压力。
47.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
48.如权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
49.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
50.如权利要求21所述的系统,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
51.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
52.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
53.如权利要求43所述的方法,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
54.如权利要求44所述的方法,其特征在于,在地面上所述铰接的井筒到所述大致垂向的井筒有一定的水平距离。
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US8434568B2 (en) 2013-05-07
US20040055787A1 (en) 2004-03-25
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RU2416711C2 (ru) 2011-04-20
PL212088B1 (pl) 2012-08-31
US7025154B2 (en) 2006-04-11
RU2005122451A (ru) 2006-04-27
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US20050257962A1 (en) 2005-11-24
DE60326268D1 (de) 2009-04-02
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