CN100577123C - Intervertebral disc implant - Google Patents
Intervertebral disc implant Download PDFInfo
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- CN100577123C CN100577123C CN03823946A CN03823946A CN100577123C CN 100577123 C CN100577123 C CN 100577123C CN 03823946 A CN03823946 A CN 03823946A CN 03823946 A CN03823946 A CN 03823946A CN 100577123 C CN100577123 C CN 100577123C
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial intervertebral disc for placement between adjacent vertebrae. The artificial intervertebral disc is preferably designed to restore disc height and lordosis, allow for a natural range of motion, absorb shock and provide resistance to motion and axial compression. Furthermore, the intervertebral disc (10) may be used in the cervical, the thoracic, or the lumbar regions of the spine. The artificial intervertebral disc may include either singularly or in combination: an interior (19) at least partially filled with a fluid (22); a valve (20) for injecting fluid into the interior of the disk; a central region having a stiffness that is preferably greater than the stiffness of the cuter regions thus enabling the disc to pivot about the central region. The central pivot may be formed by a center opening (108), a central chamber (162), an inner core or a central cable (258).
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to be used for the treatment of the wound of spinal column and the apparatus and method of disease.More specifically, the present invention relates to the intervertebral disc sub.
Background of invention
Know that multiple situation such as spondylolysis, intervertebral disk hernia, spinal cord and nerve roots pressurized, rotten property disc disease and wound can cause serious discomfort, need obtain medical treatment.Current a kind of of therapy who is used for alleviating these situations is spinal fusion, for example intervertebral with posterolateral fusion or arthrodesis.In these therapies, the vertebral body of two adjacency is merged.At first excise infected intervertebral disc, insert implant then, it can adapt to two osteogenesis between the vertebral body, overlaps so that will take out the left gap of intervertebral disc effectively.Adopted many different implant materials and implant design to come successfully to be used for to some extent to merge.Although being widely used with posterolateral integration technology of intervertebral, their use shortcoming comprise that the physiological movement scope reduces and other complication relevant with fusion, for example degeneration of adjacent discs and the unitary instability of function vertebra.As a result, need the less and similar Therapeutic Method of curative effect and fusion of other complication.A kind of such alternative arrangement of spinal fusion is arthroplasty and uses prosthese or synthetical intervertebral disc.
As a rule, arthroplasty is used for the replacement of diseased joints.Arthroplasty comprises one group of therapy that is used to keep joint motions, thereby keeps its integrity and keep adjacent motion parts to avoid worsening, and this situation is tended to occur after merging.According to the position and the situation in infected joint, can adopt specific arthroplasty therapy.For example, use the plug-in type reconstructive operation usually on elbow, shoulder, ankle and articulations digitorum manus, it carries out shaping and add intervertebral disk prosthesis between two bone that form the joint the joint.Whole replacement of joint or whole arthroplasty are replaced whole diseased joints with artificial prosthesis, and are becoming the surgical selection of most of knees and hip problem in recent years.
Hip and knee are replaced and especially are widely used, and calendar year 2001 has carried out replacing and as many approximately therewith knee replacement near 300000 hips in the U.S..With regard to knee joint and hip joint replacement operation, can use some kinds of implants or prosthese.For hip prosthesis, in a kind of exemplary designs, be provided with two parts, one be be assembled to femur in the Metal Ball that links to each other of metal handle, second is the plastics ball-and-socket that matches that is implanted in the pelvis.Metalwork is formed by alloy, the titanium or titanium alloy of rustless steel, cobalt and chromium usually; Working of plastics is formed by high density polyethylene (HDPE) usually.For knee prostheses, in one exemplary embodiment, can use metal and plastic components to replace impaired bone ends and cartilage equally.Metalwork is formed by alloy, the titanium or titanium alloy of rustless steel, cobalt and chromium usually; Working of plastics is formed by high density polyethylene (HDPE) usually.
Though the use in spinal column of the progress of spinal joint plasty and prosthese is similar to intravital other joint, yet, slow to the appearance of the progress of replacing the function joint, spinal joint plasty than the arthroplasty in other main joint in the body from merging the joint.Some possible reasons that the spinal joint plasty is prolonged are, the spinal column problem relevant with disc degeneration is difficult to diagnosis, spinal treatments normally due to illness danger institute order about and to make that expectant treatment scheme such as fusion are only acceptable and anatomy of spine more complicated.
40 years tenterloin vertebral articulations plastys in the past are among the development always, and 10 years tenterloin vertebral articulations plastys have in the past won the concern of first-class surgeon and implant manufacturer.The progress of spinal joint plasty roughly starts from nineteen fifties, and the notion of one of them appearance is exactly the spherical notion of intervertebral disk prosthesis.Spherical notion is after having carried out the diskectomy step, only the ball of circular is put in the nucleus pulpous cavity.Disc annulus is held in place, and this ball is as the alternative of nuclear.Tested multiple material for this sphere notion.For example, will adopt the implant of silicone ball bearing to be implanted in patient's the cervical region in early days in nineteen sixties, but consequently uncertain.Rustless steel (ball bearing) prosthese is implanted in the patient body in mid-term nineteen sixties.The result of this therapy is promising at first, but As time goes on intervertebral disc space invar ball sinks in the vertebral body and lost height.Still continue now to adopt different materials to study the notion of balloon prosthesis, up-to-date material is a modified carbon fiber.
The notion of another appearance is mechanical conceptual design.The machinery conceptual design is the product that whole intervertebral disc is replaced basically, and it is intended to the unitary range of movement of restore intravertebral motor segment.These devices generally include by stabilizing mechanism and are fixed on metal soleplate on the adjacent vertebral bodies, and the core body that is formed by polyethylene or other polymeric material.As an alternative, also can use bearing-surface but not core body, the material of this bearing-surface can be ceramic to ceramic, metal-metal or metal-polyethylene.The Machine Design notion based on joint reconstruction product such as the knee principle identical with the hip alternative, proposed and will continue to propose the notion of multiple Machine Design prosthese.
Another notion is the physiology notion.The physiology notion adopts hydrogel, elastomer or based on the core body of polyurethane, it is intended to also keep the natural shock-absorbing of intervertebral disc or the function that shock-absorbing capacity recovers intervertebral disc simultaneously by absorbing and emit fluid between patient's Yu the vertebral.The device of physiology notion only is regarded as the solution of part usually, and this is because they are designed to only change the nuclear or the part of intervertebral disc.
All methods that intervertebral disc is changed are intended to realize some or all in following: alleviate intervertebral disc pain, recover range of movement, keep the natural vibration-absorbing function of intervertebral disc, recover nature shape or disc height, and recover the physiological movement function.Generally speaking, the artificial intervertebral disc that has developed four kinds of exemplary types is replaced part or all of cut intervertebral disc: elastomer/fluid filled-type intervertebral disc, ball and ball-and-socket type intervertebral disc, mechanical spring type intervertebral disc and mixed type intervertebral disc.
Elastomer/fluid filled-type intervertebral disc generally includes the elastic body shim that is arranged between bottom and the top rigid endplate or the chamber of fluid filled.The pad of these implants and chamber can play and the similar function of being removed of disc tissue in mechanical properties.
Ball and ball-and-socket type intervertebral disc generally include has inside spheroid and ball-and-socket two plates partly that cooperatively interact together, and it can allow the articulation motion of plate in the spinal motion process.
Mechanical spring type intervertebral disc generally includes the one or more disc springs that are arranged between the metal soleplate.Disc spring defines the accumulation spring constant, and it is designed to be enough to keep the gap between the adjacent vertebrae to be provided with, and allows vertebra at the flexing of vertebra on any direction and the proper motion between elongating stage simultaneously.
The 4th type artificial intervertebral disc is that the mixed type intervertebral disc relates to two or more in the above-mentioned design principle.For example, the setting of a kind of known mixed type intervertebral disc comprises ball and the ball-and-socket joint that is surrounded by elastomeric ring.
Although above-mentioned various prosthese all can solve with intervertebral disc and replace some relevant problems, yet all there is significant disadvantage in each implant.Therefore, need a kind of intervertebral implant, it can adapt to the anatomical structure of the intervertebral space that will be filled and the anatomical structure and the geometry of geometry and adjacent vertebral bodies end, and reliability and simplicity in the design are provided simultaneously.More particularly, need a kind of implant of intervertebral disc, it can be provided for supporting the stability that is applied to the high load capacity on the vertebra, allows sufficient motility so that patient has roughly normal range of movement, axial compression between the adjacent vertebrae is provided, and has shock-absorbing performance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of intervertebral disc, it is preferably designed to and can recovers disc height and lordosis, allows the range of movement of nature, absorbing vibration and resistance to motion and axial compression is provided.In addition, intervertebral disc can be used in cervical region, chest or the lumbar region of spinal column.
Intervertebral disc comprises main body, and it has the profile (footprint) that preferably conforms to at least a portion of adjacent vertebrae end on size and dimension.The shape of intervertebral disc includes but not limited to circle, ellipse, elliposoidal, Kidney bean shape, annular, C shape, D shape or the like.
In one embodiment, the main body of intervertebral disc comprises soleplate, following soleplate and is arranged on the elastica between the soleplate up and down.Perhaps, elastica can center on and the sealing soleplate.Elastica defines inside, and it has filled fluid at least in part.Fluid is preferably selected from gas, liquid, gel or any its combination.In addition, fluid is compressible, and can be selected from for example gas, liquid or hydrogel, or incompressible, and can be selected from for example saline.
Intervertebral disc also preferably includes and is used for allowing fluid to enter into the valve of the inside of intervertebral disc.This valve can be arranged on the elastica, yet as an alternative, this valve can be arranged in the upper and lower soleplate of intervertebral disc.
Upper and lower soleplate is preferably formed by metal such as titanium, rustless steel, titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or amorphous alloy.Yet as an alternative, upper and lower soleplate can be by pottery, composite, polymer such as polyether-ether-ketone (being PEEK) or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (being UHMWPE), the bone that comprises the bone of hard matter bone, spongy bone, homotransplantation bone, autotransplantation bone, xenotransplantation bone, demineraliting or part demineraliting perhaps can form as any other material that carrying is supported.The used material of soleplate is preferably selected to together with required fluid and can reduces wear extent, and has therefore improved the life-span in joint.
The outer surface of upper and lower soleplate can be general plane, wedge shape, or the like.The outer surface of upper and lower soleplate can also be a domeshape, and its radius is limited in sagittal plane and the coronalplane, so that roughly match with those shapes of adjacent vertebrae end.Domeshape allows upper and lower soleplate to conform to the end of adjacent vertebrae better, so that better assembled in situ is provided.
Intervertebral disc also preferably includes and can stop mobile structure, and it is arranged on the outer surface of at least one or two soleplates, so that stop the motion of soleplate from the adjacent vertebrae end, be shifted or evict from or enter wherein.Can stop mobile structure to include but not limited to fin, spike, tooth, fin, telescopic (deployable) spike, telescopic tooth, flexible spike, flexible tooth, heteromorphic teeth, can insert or expandable fin, screw, hook, broached-tooth design, rib and textured surface.
In addition, upper and lower soleplate be coated with preferably also that bone tissue growth is induced or guiding substance so that promote sclerotin inwardly to grow, thereby intervertebral disc permanently is fixed on the adjacent vertebrae.Perhaps, upper and lower soleplate can have rough surface; Porous surface; The soleplate layer that laser treatment is crossed; Be combined with bone guided/bone induction rack; Perhaps can be provided with bone guided and/or bone induction material or make to promote the inside growth of sclerotin by it.Soleplate also can comprise film and/or barrier, so that the restriction ingrown amount of sclerotin and/or the degree of depth.
Upper and lower soleplate also can have implantation instrument connection, guiding and fixed structure.For example, soleplate can have hole, groove, screw thread or dovetail, to be used to implant this implant and/or the adjacent vertebra of stretching.For example, intervertebral disc can comprise be formed at above and/or under groove in the soleplate, this groove is configured to hold the insertion device, stretch device of implant or the two.
Upper and lower soleplate also can preferably include articulating surface, thereby provides greater flexibility for intervertebral disc.Articulating surface preferably includes through polishing or the polish that similarly can reduce wear such as the surface of diamond, the polish of titanium nickel etc., so that the life-span of reducing wearing and tearing, reducing particulate generation and improving intervertebral disc.
In certain embodiments, except fluid or as fluidic, substitute, can include other structure so that extra rigidity to be provided.This structure includes but not limited to spring, elastomer, corrugated tube, balloon, closed container, ducted body, biocompatible fibres and cable.
In certain embodiments, intervertebral disc also preferably has articulation mechanism, so that allow the mutual pivot of soleplate to rotate, make the relevant portion of soleplate more closely to be close together under pressure, and the different relevant portion of soleplate can separate under pulling force.Articulation mechanism can be the form of central pivot line or fulcrum.Intervertebral disc preferably also allows and a kind of mechanism is provided, or is configured to allow the position of pivotal line in intervertebral disc to change in response to load situation, thereby movable instantaneou axis of rotation line is provided.Intervertebral disc also preferably includes a kind of mechanism, for example can provide fluid, elastomer, spring, cable etc., so that absorb axial compressive force and shock-absorbing effect is provided.
In certain embodiments, intervertebral disc comprises upper end, lower end and is arranged on lateral wall between the two.Intervertebral disc can have the internal volume that is formed between upper and lower end and the lateral wall, and this internal volume preferably includes centrally-pivoted axle and at least one chamber, and this chamber is in the periphery of centrally-pivoted axle and round centrally-pivoted axle.Centrally-pivoted axle preferably includes the center wall that defines central lumen, and described at least one periphery chamber is arranged between lateral wall and the center wall.First fluid can be arranged in described at least one periphery chamber.Second fluid can be arranged in the central lumen.First and second fluids can be identical or different.Intervertebral disc can comprise other periphery chamber, they can with central lumen and each other fluid be communicated with or be not communicated with.In addition, sidewall can be formed by first material, and center wall can be formed by second material, and wherein first material has the rigidity different with second material.Preferably, centrally-pivoted axle and/or central lumen can allow the mutual pivot of upper and lower end to rotate, and can comprise elastic component such as spring.
In another embodiment, intervertebral disc comprises main body, and it has and the isolated upper surface of opposing lower surface.Spacing between upper surface and the lower surface is selectable.Main body also comprises the lateral wall that formed outer wall and formed the through hole of inwall, wherein inner wall limit opening.In addition, main body can be a C shape roughly.Also chamber can be set in main body.In addition, have at least a part that extends out from main body to be used for contacting with vertebra, this defines the hole that is used to hold holder.
Intervertebral disc can module form and implant, if possible, it also can assemble in advance and implant.Can adopt Qian Lu, preceding dypass or dypass approach to implant intervertebral disc.In addition, according to intervertebral disc to be implanted, can adopt the operation method of minimum invasive surgical method or stretching simultaneously and implantation.Equally, according to intervertebral disc to be implanted, anterior longitudinal ligament can be directly connected on the intervertebral disc or on the adjacent vertebral body.Anterior longitudinal ligament can be formed by the autotransplantation body part demineraliting or demineraliting, homotransplantation body or xenotransplantation body.As an alternative, anterior longitudinal ligament can be formed by biocompatible materials such as elastomer or braided polymer.In order to help the implantation of intervertebral disc, intervertebral disc can comprise alignment mark.
Brief description
In order to help to understand and for the purpose of illustrating the invention, exemplary and preferable feature and embodiment are disclosed in the accompanying drawings, yet be appreciated that, accurate device and apparatus shown in the present invention is not limited to, wherein similar label is represented similar parts in all views, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view according to first embodiment of artificial intervertebral disc of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view along the artificial intervertebral disc shown in Figure 1 of line A-A;
Fig. 2 a is another cutaway view along the artificial intervertebral disc shown in Figure 1 of line A-A;
Fig. 3 a is the side view according to scalable spike of the present invention;
Fig. 3 b is the side view according to another scalable spike of the present invention;
Fig. 3 c is the side view according to flexible spike of the present invention;
Fig. 3 d is the side view according to heteromorphic teeth of the present invention;
Fig. 3 e is the side view according to anchoring piece of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the perspective view according to second embodiment of intervertebral disc of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view along the intervertebral disc shown in Figure 4 of line B-B;
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of another embodiment of intervertebral disc shown in Figure 4;
Fig. 7 is the perspective view according to the 3rd embodiment of intervertebral disc of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the cutaway view along the intervertebral disc shown in Figure 7 of line C-C;
Fig. 9 is the cutaway view along another embodiment of the intervertebral disc shown in Figure 7 of line D-D;
Figure 10 is the perspective view of the 4th embodiment of intervertebral disc according to the present invention;
Figure 11 is the side view of the 4th embodiment of intervertebral disc shown in Figure 12;
Figure 12 is the sketch map according to the 5th embodiment of intervertebral disc of the present invention.
The detailed introduction of preferred embodiment
Can prepare in the multiple different implant structure any according to the content shown in the illustrative example of intervertebral disc disclosed herein.Intervertebral disc of the present invention is preferably designed to and can recovers lordosis, disc height, so that allow range of movement, the absorbing vibration of nature and resistance to motion and axial compression is provided.
The intervertebral disc preferred size is made and is suitable for being used in cervical region, chest or the lumbar region of spinal column.In addition, intervertebral disc can be each patient's customization, to allow to be suitable for each patient's intervertebral disc characteristic.For example, the core body of intervertebral disc can comprise different assemblies, different parts and/or various types of material, so that form required characteristic for each patient.
In addition, intervertebral disc can allow flexing, elongation, lateral thrust, rotation and translation.Flexing is to make two parts of joint or main body enter into the motion of bending position; In spinal column, flexing is to make spinal column begin the straight and upright prone motion that moves to then.Elongation is the motion that two parts are drawn back each other; In spinal column, elongation is to make spinal column begin the straight and upright recurvate motion that moves to then.Lateral thrust is towards lateral curvature movement; In spinal column, this motion roughly comprises bending (side direction) and is associated in together rotation.Rotation is to cause the motion of the part of spinal column with respect to spinal axis distortion, rotation or rotation.Translation is the finite motion that is substantially transverse to spinal axis.
In addition, similar to natural lamina, artificial intervertebral disc preferably allows movable instantaneou axis of rotation line.For in the plane motion each is instantaneous, in main body, exist straight line or this collinear imaginary extension line that can not move for main body.Instantaneou axis of rotation line is exactly this straight line.Movable instantaneou axis of rotation line refers to can the move ability of (being translation) of instantaneou axis of rotation line under the different bearer situation; In other words, move with respect to intervertebral disc in the position of instantaneou axis of rotation line.The preferred mean place of the movable instantaneou axis of rotation line of spinal column lumbar region preferably is in the latter half of intervertebral disc space, perhaps approach adjacent (top or bottom) soleplate, and preferably approach down/the tail soleplate, the preferred mean place of the movable instantaneou axis of rotation line of spinal column chest region preferably is in the bottom part of intervertebral disc space, and approach to extend rearward to coccygeal body in the spinal canal, and the preferred mean place of the movable instantaneou axis of rotation line of spinal column neck area preferably is in the latter half of coccygeal body.
Equally, similar with natural lamina, the response characteristic of artificial intervertebral disc is preferably nonlinear.For example, in response to successive axial compression, artificial intervertebral disc preferably bears initial bigger decrement, and its decrement non-linearly reduces subsequently.
Referring to accompanying drawing, will at length introduce the preferred embodiment and the feature of artificial intervertebral disc now.Yet should be noted that these descriptions to specific embodiment and feature only are exemplary.It is contemplated that one or more features of different embodiment are combinable or use individually, to the modification of various embodiment and other embodiment be for a person skilled in the art can visualize with conspicuous.
At first, shown the perspective view of exemplary first embodiment of artificial intervertebral disc 10 among the figure referring to Fig. 1 and 2.As shown in the figure, intervertebral disc 10 has the roughly bean-shaped profile of dish, and it comprises front 11, back 13 and first side 15 and second side 17.The shape of front 11 and side 15,17 is roughly to be protruded, and being shaped as of back 13 is roughly recessed.Yet, intervertebral disc 10 can adopt preferably geometrically with anatomy on other shape of conforming to adjacent vertebral bodies, include but not limited to circle, ellipse, elliposoidal, annular, D shape, C shape, or the like.
As shown in the figure, intervertebral disc 10 comprises soleplate 12, down soleplate 14 and elastica 16, and elastica 16 roughly extends to down soleplate 14 from last soleplate 12, and preferably be arranged on intervertebral disc 10 peripheries near.As an alternative, elastica 16 can center on and/or seal and go up soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14.Elastica 16 defines an internal volume with last soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14, wherein can be filled with fluid 22 at least in part.Elastica 16 is preferably formed by elastomer such as polyurethane, silicone, braided polymer or any other suitable elastic materials as known in the art.Elastica can be impermeable.Perhaps, elastica 16 can be permeable or semi permeable, so that allow fluid to flow into the inside of intervertebral disc and therefrom outflow (introducing in more detail as following).Elastica 16 preferably can stop the translational motion between soleplate 12 and the following soleplate 14, also can prevent soft tissue inwardly growth between soleplate 12,14, and contain any wear particle that produces in internal volume.Elastica 16 can be connected on soleplate 12 and the following soleplate 14 by any fixing means as known in the art, and these methods include but not limited to binding agent, ultrasonic bonding, screw, nail, machinery wedging and pin.
Perhaps, elastica 16 can be the form of corrugated tube, and corrugated tube is " folding " shape, makes it to expand under the different bearer situation and to shrink.Corrugated tube can be connected to rigidly by any method as known in the art on soleplate 12 and the following soleplate 14, these methods include but not limited to be formed at circular groove, binding agent, ultrasonic bonding, screw, nail, machinery wedging and the pin in each soleplate 12,14.Corrugated tube preferably is made of metal, yet also can use other material such as elastomer or polymer.
The fluid 22 that is arranged in the internal volume can be gas, liquid, gel or any its combination.Be provided for the filled media of internal volume or provide under the situation of combination of gas and liquid at gas, the final air pressure in the internal volume should be selected to can provide suitable damping during the axial compression of intervertebral disc 10.Fluid also can allow soleplate 12 and last soleplate 14 to do limited articulation or motion each other.The preferably incompressible liquid of fluid, for example saline solution.In use, fluid 22 can be injected into before being inserted into intervertebral disc 10 between the adjacent vertebrae in the inside 19 of intervertebral disc 10.Perhaps, fluid 22 can inject on the spot, so that promote the insertion of intervertebral disc 10 and the stretching between the adjacent vertebrae subsequently.The rigidity of intervertebral disc 10 and stretching ability can be to inject the function of the elastic characteristic of the amount of fluid 22 of inside 19 of intervertebral disc 10 and/or film 16.Generally speaking, the fluid 22 that is provided in the inside 19 of intervertebral disc 10 is many more, and then the rigidity of intervertebral disc 10 is good more, and the stretching ability is strong more.In addition, can realize pliability and enhanced articulation performance by a part of internal volume 19 of only filling intervertebral disc 10.At last, can fill the whole height H of inside 19 permissions can the change necessarily intervertebral disc 10 of intervertebral disc 10 according to each patient's needs with fluid 22 with changing.
Shown in Fig. 2 a, last soleplate 12 can have the inner surface that is provided with arc ball-and-socket 32, and the inner surface that following soleplate 14 can have arc-shaped protrusions of being provided with 34, perhaps in contrast.The structure of ball-and-socket 32 and projection 34 can roughly match or conform to each other with being sized to.The ball-and-socket 32 that provided and the curvature of projection 34 can be provided for required articulated type and quantity.For example, if projection 34 has the radius identical with ball-and-socket 32, then intervertebral disc 10 can provide bigger support, but the motion that is subjected to more multiple constraint can be provided.Perhaps, if ball-and-socket 32 has the radius bigger than projection 34, then intervertebral disc will provide enhanced articulation.In addition, projection 34 and/or ball-and-socket 32 also can include the flattening part, and it can allow soleplate 12 to do translational motion with respect to following soleplate 14.By allowing to carry out translational motion, intervertebral disc 10 just can provide aforesaid movable instantaneou axis of rotation line.
Ball-and-socket 32 also can be taked and above-mentioned different profile with projection 34, so that realize required articulation.In addition, have the profile that the surface that allows to make them usually matches, yet also can be ball-and-socket 32 and projection 34 provides unmatched profile, so that realize required articulation although ball-and-socket 32 and projection 34 are shown as.
The internal volume 19 of fluid filled can allow ball-and-socket 32 and projection 34 to come more easily translation each other by the friction that reduces between the sliding surface together with the use of articulating surface.
As an alternative, when fluid was Compressed Gas, articulating surface can engage consistently, but can only just can form joint when having applied enough pressure by adjacent vertebrae on intervertebral disc.Therefore, the intervertebral disc of this embodiment will have dual performance, carry out under a kind of carrying occasion and be filled with the similar function of fluidic intervertebral disc, connect the similar function of type intervertebral disc with mechanical protrusions/ball-and-socket joint and carry out under second occasion.
Be implanted to position in the spinal column according to intervertebral disc 10, the height in intervertebral disc 10 preferably can recover from about 4 millimeters (mm) to about 26 millimeters scope.In addition, intervertebral disc 10 preferably can recover from about 0 ° of lordosis to about 20 ° of scopes.Intervertebral disc preferably also can recover in axial rotation from the every degree of about 1 Newton meter (Nm/deg) to about 11Nm/deg scope in rigidity, the rigidity of about 0Nm/deg in flexing/elongation to about 7Nm/deg scope, and the rigidity in about 5Nm/deg scope extremely of the about 0Nm/deg in lateral thrust.In addition, intervertebral disc 10 preferably provides the compression stiffness from about 100 Ns/millimeter to about 5000 Ns/millimeter, and the tensible rigidity from about 50 Ns/millimeter to about 1000 Ns/millimeter.In addition, be implanted to position in the spinal column according to intervertebral disc 10, intervertebral disc 10 preferably allow in flexing/elongation from about 5 ° to about 45 ° range of movement, in lateral thrust from about 3 ° to about 33 ° range of movement, in axial rotation from about 1 ° to about 60 ° range of movement.Intervertebral disc 10 preferably also allows in about 0.2 millimeter axial compression to about 2 millimeters scopes.
In addition, any articulating surface in the intervertebral disc of the present invention comprises through polishing or similarly alleviate the surface of polish such as diamond polish, the polish of titanium nickel etc. of wearing and tearing, so that the life-span of reducing wearing and tearing, reducing particulate generation and improving intervertebral disc.
The outer surface of upper and lower soleplate can be general plane, wedge shape, or the like.The outer surface of last soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14 can also be a domeshape, and its radius is limited in sagittal plane and the coronalplane, so that roughly match with the shape of adjacent vertebrae end, thereby provides better assembled in situ.
In addition, shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 2 a, intervertebral disc 10 also comprises can stop mobile feature, for example is arranged on the spike-shaped structure 18 on the outer surface of soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14.Can stop mobile feature can promote engaging of intervertebral disc 10 and adjacent vertebrae end, this is by providing end because of adjacent vertebrae to be penetrated and/or being out of shape produce mechanical interlocked and realizing.The initial mechanical stability that is provided by spike 18 has for example reduced the risk of postoperative instability, motion, displacement or the disengagement of intervertebral disc 10.Other can stop mobile feature can include but not limited to be positioned at fin, tooth, telescopic tooth, telescopic spike, flexible spike, flexible tooth on the outer surface of soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14, can insert or expandable fin, anchoring piece, screw, convex ridge, broached-tooth design or other similar decorative pattern.Shown in Fig. 3 a, telescopic spike 21 can be set, and adopt cam mechanism 23 to make spike 21 flexible.As an alternative, shown in Fig. 3 b, can make spike 21 flexible by the employing instrument.Shown in Fig. 3 c to 3e, shown the example of flexible spike 24, formed tooth 25 and anchoring piece 26 among the figure respectively.As an alternative or additional, can adopt binding agent such as calcium phosphate binding agent to wait intervertebral disc 10 is fixed on the adjacent vertebra.
In addition, last soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14 also can be coated with bone tissue growth inductive substance such as hydroxyapatite, so that promote sclerotin inwardly to grow intervertebral disc 10 permanently are fixed on the adjacent vertebrae.Perhaps, last soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14 can have coarse surface or porous surface, so that promote sclerotin inwardly to grow.As an alternative, last soleplate 12 and following soleplate 14 can have soleplate layer through laser treatment with the formation loose structure, perhaps can be combined with bone guided and/or bone induction rack.Soleplate 12,14 also can be made by bone guided and/or bone induction material, so that promote sclerotin inwardly to grow.Soleplate 12,14 also can comprise diaphragm and/or barrier, so that the ingrown degree of depth of sclerotin that restriction is allowed.
As the result of employed material and structural member, intervertebral disc 10 can allow flexing/elongation, lateral thrust, axially rotation and translation according to the load that is applied on the intervertebral disc.In addition, under because of the different spinal column load situations that spinal motion caused, fluid 22 can move in internal volume, compression (under the situation of gas) or motion radially outward when inflation of elastic membrane, thus allow soleplate to move each other.This transformable motion of fluid 22 or displacement provide movable instantaneou axis of rotation line.
Shown in Figure 4 and 5, provide second exemplary embodiment of artificial intervertebral disc.Intervertebral disc 100 has annular shape usually, and the medial wall 107 that comprises upper surface 102, lower surface 104, formed the lateral wall 106 of outer wall and defined opening 108 (being through hole).Yet, intervertebral disc 100 can adopt preferably geometrically with anatomy on other shape of conforming to adjacent vertebral bodies, include but not limited to Kidney bean shape, circle, ellipse, elliposoidal, C shape, D shape or the like.Intervertebral disc 100 is preferably made by elastomeric material, and it has formed the closed container with internal volume 103.Intervertebral disc 100 also can comprise valve 118, is used for fluid 120 is incorporated into the internal volume 103 of intervertebral disc 100 or it is therefrom discharged, as mentioned above.Valve 118 preferably includes check valve and is arranged on the lateral wall 106, and as shown in Figure 5, yet valve 118 also can be arranged on upper surface 102, lower surface 104 or the medial wall 107.
Illustrate best as Fig. 5, intervertebral disc 10 also can comprise the wire netting 105 that is molded in or otherwise is fixed on upper surface 102 and/or the lower surface 104.Wire netting 105 can be intervertebral disc 100 extra strength and stiffness is provided.Wire netting 105 can also be flexible, so that be adapted to the concave surface of adjacent vertebral bodies end, thereby the surface that helps to form higher degree with intervertebral disc contacts.Wire netting 105 can also have decorative pattern, and its surface can be porous, and it can be induced or guiding substance uses together with bone tissue growth, so that further strengthen and adjacent vertebrae engaging and fusion partly.
Through hole 108 preferably is filled with the elastomeric material (not shown).Elastomeric material can have the rigidity different with intervertebral disc 100.Elastomeric material preferably has the rigidity higher than the rigidity of intervertebral disc 100, thereby allows through hole 108 firmer, and therefore makes the centrally-pivoted axle or the centre strut of joint motions around it as upper surface 102 and lower surface 104.Centrally-pivoted axle can allow the part of intervertebral disc 100 or a side pressure to contract, and allows another part of intervertebral disc 100 to expand simultaneously.In an alternative, elastomeric material can have the rigidity lower than the rigidity of intervertebral disc 100.As an alternative, through hole 108 can be filled with hydrogel.
In addition, the upper surface 102 of intervertebral disc 100 and lower surface 104 can be included in above at the intervertebral disc among Fig. 1 to 3 10 describedly stop that mobile feature, permanent fixture and/or implantation instrument are connected, guiding and fixed structure.Intervertebral disc 100 preferably can be provided with at least one fixed character (being fin) 110, so that help the engaging of vertebral body of intervertebral disc 100 and adjacent vertebrae.As shown in Figure 4, preferably be provided with 110, one fins 110 of two fins and be used for upper surface 102, another fin 110 is used for lower surface 104.Fin 110 can be set to extend to upper surface 102 and lower surface 104 single parts in addition, and perhaps fin 110 can be arranged to two or more parts.Fin 110 preferably from the side 106 extend to respectively on the surface 102,104 and under, and its size is made for a part of outer surface of the vertebral body of adjacent vertebrae and docks.Fin 110 can comprise through hole 114, and it is used to accept holder such as hold-down screw (not shown).Hold-down screw can be used for intervertebral disc 100 is fixed on the vertebral body of adjacent vertebrae.
As an alternative, as shown in Figure 6, intervertebral disc 100 also can comprise breach 126 on its periphery, and it has produced gives the roughly opposing end surface 122,124 of C shape outward appearance of intervertebral disc 100.End face 122,124 is preferably configured as and can be elastically biased toward separately, yet end face 122,124 can be arranged spaced from each other naturally, not the elasticity of demand bias effect.The breach 126 that is formed between the end face 122,124 provides increase flexible for intervertebral disc 100, thereby helps intervertebral disc 100 is inserted and is placed between the vertebra.Breach 126 allows to reduce the diameter of intervertebral disc 100 by end face 122,124 is forced together.Breach 126 also can allow by end face 122,124 is drawn back intervertebral disc to be launched.Therefore, breach 126 allows intervertebral disc 100 to be configured to compare with its resting state to have at least one littler external dimensions, this can allow intervertebral disc 100 to be inserted in the anatomic region by littler cavity or other opening of not pressurized (promptly static) size than intervertebral disc 100 again, thereby can realize way of escape insertion.
Be implanted in position in the spinal column according to intervertebral disc 100, intervertebral disc 100 preferably can recover height, lordosis, rigidity, and compressional stiffness is provided, and similar range of movement described in permission and the foregoing description.
As the result of employed material, geometry and parts, intervertebral disc 100 can allow flexing/elongation, lateral thrust, axially rotation and translation according to the load that is applied on the intervertebral disc.Similar with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 2a, under because of the different spinal column load situations that spinal motion caused, fluid 22 can move in internal volume, compression (under the situation of gas) or motion radially outward when inflation of elastic membrane, thus allow soleplate to move each other.This transformable motion of fluid 22 or displacement provide movable instantaneou axis of rotation line.
Introduce the 3rd exemplary embodiment of artificial intervertebral disc referring now to Fig. 7 to 9.Intervertebral disc 150 preferably has the generally cylindrical body shape of band circular contour, and has upper end 152, lower end 154 and be arranged on lateral wall 156 between the two.Intervertebral disc also comprises the internal volume that is limited between upper end 152, lower end 154 and the lateral wall 156.Although be shown as the cylinder bodily form, yet intervertebral disc 150 can be taked preferably any other shape of conforming to adjacent vertebral bodies on geometry and anatomy, include but not limited to Kidney bean shape, annular, ellipse, elliposoidal, D shape, C shape or the like.
Be implanted in position in the spinal column according to intervertebral disc 150, intervertebral disc 150 preferably can recover height, lordosis, rigidity, and compressional stiffness is provided, and similar range of movement described in permission and the foregoing description.
Referring to Fig. 8, shown the inside of intervertebral disc 150 among the figure.The inside of intervertebral disc 150 preferably includes the periphery chamber 160 of a plurality of interconnection and independent central lumen 162.The inner fluid that allows of many chamber profile of intervertebral disc 150 controllably flows in intervertebral disc 150, makes controlled articulation or the motion of permission under load situation.Periphery chamber 160 can pass through open channels, poriferous circular wall 165 and permeable membrane etc. and be communicated with central lumen 162 fluids.Yet periphery chamber 160 preferably passes through baffle plate and/or valve and is communicated with central lumen 162 fluids.More preferably, baffle plate and/or valve constitution become optionally fluid communication can be provided, make flow out from the fluid 158 of periphery chamber 160 and fluid 158 that central lumen 162 compare can be more easily or flow into more quickly in the central lumen 162.Perhaps, central lumen 162 can seal up with respect to periphery chamber 160.In this case, periphery chamber 160 can be filled with identical or different fluids with central lumen 162.
Chamber 160,162 geometry, wall 163,165 geometry and material are together with being arranged on the desirable characteristics that wherein fluid should be chosen to access intervertebral disc, comprise required rigidity, highly, pliability, and preferably obtain the relative rigidity of central lumen 162 with respect to periphery chamber 162, so that between upper end 152 and lower end 154, provide required articulation.Therefore, intervertebral disc 150 can move, be out of shape or extend in moving in flexing/elongation, lateral thrust, axial rotation peace according to being applied to the load on the intervertebral disc, this is that fluid can move between periphery chamber 160 and/or central lumen 162 because under various spinal column load situations.This motion that chamber is mutual and the motion of fluid in chamber and between chamber make intervertebral disc 50 have movable instantaneou axis of rotation line.Should be noted that central lumen 162 needn't be positioned at the center of intervertebral disc, but can be arranged in any other position that is suitable for making the mutual required motion of soleplate generation of intervertebral disc.
As an alternative, as shown in Figure 9, central lumen 162 can be held spring 167.Spring 167 is as the extra support of intervertebral disc 150, further to make central lumen 162 as centrally-pivoted axle and/or pillar.When spring 167 is located in the central lumen 162, can provide or not provide fluid.Spring 167 can be formed by any material as known in the art, for example cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium alloy, rustless steel, amorphous alloy, polymer or composite.
As an alternative, central lumen 162 can accommodate air bag.Air bag can integrally be formed with terminal 152,154 or coupled.As an alternative, air bag can be opened with end in 152,154 minutes.This air bag can be done joint motions, compression and/or translation in central lumen 162, and for intervertebral disc provides movable instantaneou axis of rotation line, it all can allow intervertebral disc 150 to do articulation motion largely or movable under various load situations.In addition, central balloon can be used as the additional support of intervertebral disc 150, makes central lumen 162 can be used as centrally-pivoted axle, and can allow required motion.
With reference to Figure 10 and 11, will introduce the 4th embodiment of artificial intervertebral disc below.Intervertebral disc 250 has the roughly bean-shaped profile of dish, and it has last soleplate 252, following soleplate 254 and at least one cable spare 256,258.Although being shown as, intervertebral disc 250 has the bean-shaped profile of dish, yet intervertebral disc 250 can take geometrically with anatomy on any other shape of roughly conforming to adjacent vertebral bodies, include but not limited to circle, annular, ellipse, elliposoidal, D shape, C shape, or the like.In addition, soleplate 252,254 preferably includes as stoping mobile feature, permanent fixture about the foregoing description is described, and/or implantation instrument connection, guiding and fixed structure.
The outer surface of upper and lower soleplate can be general plane, wedge shape, or the like.Perhaps, the outer surface of last soleplate 252 and following soleplate 254 can be a domeshape, and its radius is limited in sagittal plane and the coronalplane and roughly matches with the terminal end shape with adjacent vertebrae, thereby better assembled in situ is provided.
Be implanted in position in the spinal column according to intervertebral disc 250, intervertebral disc 250 preferably can recover height, lordosis, rigidity, and compressional stiffness is provided, and similar range of movement described in permission and the foregoing description.
As shown in the figure, intervertebral disc 250 comprises a plurality of periphery cable spares 256 and center cable part 258.Periphery cable spare 256 can be located at intervertebral disc 250 peripheries near, and center cable part 258 preferably be located at the intervertebral disc center near.Periphery cable spare 256 and center cable part 258 are connected on soleplate 252 and the following soleplate 254 by any fixed form as known in the art, and these modes include but not limited to binding agent, ultrasonic bonding, screw, nail, machinery wedging and pin.Yet cable spare 256,258 preferably engages with last soleplate 252 and following soleplate 254 by being formed at the boring 260 in soleplate 252 and the following soleplate 254.The end of cable spare 256,258 outer surface part of soleplate 252 and following soleplate 254 on it penetrates is carried out crimping.This allow the surgeon can be just in time before implanting by with the cable crimping of appropriate size/be connected on the soleplate to intervertebral disc 250 sizing suitably.Periphery cable spare 256 and center cable part 258 can be made by metal, polymer, composite or any other suitable material as known in the art.
In one embodiment, center cable part 258 is shorter than periphery cable spare 256.This makes periphery cable spare 256 can present shape crooked or that arch between soleplate 252,254.As a result, the length of center cable part 258 has been determined the ultimate range between the soleplate 252 and following soleplate 254 under the pulling force effect.In addition, because periphery cable spare 256 is longer than center cable part 258, therefore short center cable part 258 just makes periphery cable spare 256 remain under the pressured state.The elasticity of the periphery cable spare 256 that arches provides the characteristic of shock-absorbing, axial compression and joint motions for intervertebral disc 250.
As the result of employed material, geometry and parts, intervertebral disc 250 can allow flexing/elongation, lateral thrust, axially rotation and translation according to load situation.In addition, under because of the different spinal column load situations that spinal motion caused, periphery cable spare 256 is flexible or compress different amounts.This variable bending/compression provides required movable instantaneou axis of rotation line.
With reference to Figure 12, will introduce a kind of exemplary installation procedure now.Generally speaking, intervertebral disc 300 comprises soleplate 302, down soleplate 304 and core body mechanism 306, and this core body mechanism can be any above-mentioned cable, elastomer, fiber or fluidic dish of being filled with.Intervertebral disc 300 can module form implant, for example, the soleplate 302,304 of intervertebral disc 300 can utilize apparatus such as stretching device and/or fixed apparatus to be inserted in the intervertebral chamber.Intervertebral disc space can adopt the standard spinal column stretching device that engages with soleplate 302,304 to come stretching.Preferred then the utilization tried out the suitable dimension that partition determines to be inserted into the core body mechanism 306 in the final intervertebral disc space.In one exemplary embodiment, core body mechanism 306 inserts and is connected on the soleplate 302,304 by using dovetail, groove or similar connector.This modularity insertion technology has been avoided the overstretching of intervertebral disc space, tissue and/or blood vessel around this overstretching can damage.
As an alternative, intervertebral disc 300 can utilize specific insertion instrument to come pre-assembled formula ground to insert.For example, can use the soleplate fixation clamp, it is held in the time of can allowing soleplate 302,304 in being inserted into intervertebral disc space and is locked into parallel and spaced apart relation.In case implant, fixation clamp can be released and be taken off from soleplate 302,304.Can from intervertebral disc space, take out fixation clamp then.In addition, intervertebral disc 300 can be implanted under pressured state, so that prevent overstretching.Can realize the introducing of the intervertebral disc 300 under the pressured state with the insertion apparatus or by being arranged on internal mechanism in the intervertebral disc 300 by operation.
Although hereinbefore by the agency of various descriptions of the present invention, yet should be appreciated that various features can be individually or use with combining.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to certain preferred embodiment described herein.
In addition, should be appreciated that those skilled in the art in the invention can expect belonging to variation and the modification in the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, some part of implant disclosed herein can be formed by bone such as bone graft of the same race, autotransplantation bone and xenotransplantation bone, and they are demineraliting partly or wholly.In addition, some implants can comprise be arranged in that it is inner or be positioned on its soleplate/bone material or other bone tissue growth induced material.These inner material can be allowed to and tissue interaction on every side, and this for example carries out via being formed at passage or other hole of implanting in the body wall.In addition, can adopt alignment mark in the operation or postoperative to help implant intervertebral disc.In addition, intervertebral disc can be made into firmer in the position that must merge.For example, can by allow between the soleplate fusion, inserting partition between the soleplate or intervertebral disc be made into firmer by between soleplate, injecting curing liquid.Therefore, belong in the spirit and scope of the present invention and can will be regarded as alternative embodiment of the present invention from the foregoing description of this paper by all favourable modifications that those skilled in the art easily realizes.Therefore, scope of the present invention is limited by claims.
Claims (10)
1. intervertebral disc that is used to be arranged between first and second vertebras, this intervertebral disc comprises:
Last soleplate with first inner surface and first outer surface, described first outer surface contacts with first vertebra;
Following soleplate with second inner surface and second outer surface, described second outer surface contacts with second vertebra;
Be arranged on described lateral wall of going up between soleplate and the following soleplate;
Be defined in the internal volume between the inner surface of second inner surface of described first inner surface of going up soleplate and described soleplate down and described lateral wall, this internal volume comprises the central lumen that is centered on by a plurality of interconnective periphery chambers, and described a plurality of interconnective periphery chambers are opened from the central lumen sealing; With
With the valve that described a plurality of interconnective periphery chambers are communicated with, be used for filling described a plurality of interconnective periphery chamber at least in part with first fluid;
Wherein, central lumen has rigidity, and the rigidity of described a plurality of periphery chambers is less than the rigidity of central lumen.
2. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that at least a portion of described valve is arranged in the described lateral wall.
3. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that described intervertebral disc is formed by elastomeric material.
4. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fluid is incompressible.
5. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with second fluid in the middle of the described central lumen.
6. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that described central lumen is limited by first wall, and described a plurality of periphery chamber is arranged between described lateral wall and the described first wall.
7. intervertebral disc according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described first wall is to be formed by first material with first rigidity, and described lateral wall is to be formed by second material with second rigidity.
8. intervertebral disc according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described first wall have first rigidity first the structure and described lateral wall have second rigidity second the structure.
9. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with spring in the middle of the described central lumen.
10. intervertebral disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with air bag in the middle of the described central lumen.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| US40335602P | 2002-08-15 | 2002-08-15 | |
| US60/403,356 | 2002-08-15 | ||
| US60/403,402 | 2002-08-15 |
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| CN1703177A CN1703177A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
| CN100577123C true CN100577123C (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN03823946A Expired - Fee Related CN100577123C (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2003-08-15 | Intervertebral disc implant |
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| CN (1) | CN100577123C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003262694B2 (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA200501543B (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008531140A (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2008-08-14 | コラムナ ピーティーワイ リミテッド | Intervertebral disk repair |
| US8123808B2 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2012-02-28 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Vertebral endplate connection implant and method |
| US20100268340A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Minimally Invasive Expandable Contained Vertebral Implant and Method |
| CN105147420B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-07-28 | 深圳兰度生物材料有限公司 | Artificial intervertebral disk and preparation method thereof |
| CN105877878B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-10-23 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | Low displacement artificial intervertebral disk |
| CN106388982B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-10-26 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of Invasive lumbar fusion device |
| CN108836580A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | Artificial intervertebral disk frame body |
| CN109602466B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2024-02-06 | 南昌市第一医院 | Cervical vertebra facet joint fusion device |
| CN111281610B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2023-08-18 | 雅博尼西医疗科技(苏州)有限公司 | Porous structure and connection structure of substrate |
| CN112535556B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-04-08 | 淮阴工学院 | Air bag type artificial cervical intervertebral disc prosthesis |
| CN112451182B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-12-06 | 汕头大学医学院第二附属医院 | XJ bionic artificial intervertebral joint |
| CN115998491B (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-28 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | Intervertebral fusion device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH671691A5 (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1989-09-29 | Sulzer Ag | |
| FR2723841B1 (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1998-11-06 | Fabien Gauchet | INTERVERTEBRAL DISK PROSTHESIS. |
| FR2751202B1 (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 2001-03-16 | Zacouto Fred | SKELETAL IMPLANT |
| US7291150B2 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2007-11-06 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Intervertebral stabilising device |
-
2003
- 2003-08-15 ZA ZA200501543A patent/ZA200501543B/en unknown
- 2003-08-15 ZA ZA200501542A patent/ZA200501542B/en unknown
- 2003-08-15 AU AU2003262694A patent/AU2003262694B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-15 CN CN03823946A patent/CN100577123C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
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| ZA200501543B (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| CN1703177A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
| ZA200501542B (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| AU2003262694A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| AU2003262694B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
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