CN101031905A - 基于经销商交易的处理装置和方法 - Google Patents

基于经销商交易的处理装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101031905A
CN101031905A CNA200580019178XA CN200580019178A CN101031905A CN 101031905 A CN101031905 A CN 101031905A CN A200580019178X A CNA200580019178X A CN A200580019178XA CN 200580019178 A CN200580019178 A CN 200580019178A CN 101031905 A CN101031905 A CN 101031905A
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D·W·哈恩-卡尔森
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/02—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols involving a neutral party, e.g. certification authority, notary or trusted third party [TTP]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/12—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/02—Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance

Abstract

推动了对基于经销商交易的交易管理。根据本发明一示例实施例，交易管理方法涉及使用与资助客户(130)进入交易的经销商(120)相关联的规则、代表客户处理交易。该处理涉及规则、概况文件和/或其它所存储数据(112)的实现以便于各种交易功能(350)，诸如定单接受、发票核准、支付和结算以及提供信贷。

Description

基于经销商交易的处理装置和方法
发明领域
本发明涉及通信和数据处理，尤其涉及处理具有经销商-客户层分层结构的交易、以及对多个经销商的支付便利措施。
背景技术
买方、卖方、金融机构和为商业目的参与商品(例如，货物和/或服务)交换的其他人之间的契约性和交易性交互的操作管理通常需要大量的劳动力和时间。一般而言，管理商业实体之间交易的过程过于繁重和低效。
金融机构和其它交易处理实体采用对每一实体唯一的交易处理参数。此外，这些交易处理参数一般需要相对于其它金融机构单独(且机密)保存。通常，交易处理是依赖于这些参数的，这些参数是参与交易筹资的特定金融机构所专用的。就此而言，对涉及一金融机构的交易部分的交易处理一般限于由参与交易的该金融机构所采用的处理引擎或系统来实现。
当交易到达支付步骤时，不同交易方的金融机构必须彼此交互。这种交互一般涉及便于转帐的复杂协议和关联。有时，会有付费的延误或关于支付条款的纠纷。此外，该处理是极易出错的。交互复杂性、延误和差错以及众多交易支付的其它特征可花费交易的一方或多方(包括金融机构)的大量资金。
大多数行业的竞争是相当激烈的，因此任何成本的节省都是重要的。目标在于减少管理成本，因为从管理功能中不会直接产生任何收入。然而，与商业交易相关联的管理成本在使用广泛散布的数据的当前商业环境中已经难以减少。
交易的管理和协作中的以上和其它难点已呈现为对参与交易各个方面的包括金融机构和其它的商业实体的管理和成本挑战。
发明内容
本发明涉及克服上述挑战、以及与上述和其它应用中的各类设备和应用相关的其它挑战。本发明以多种实现和应用例示，将在以下概述其中的一部分。
根据本发明的一示例实施例，使用涉及用交易处理器实现功能自动处理基于客户交易的多层处理方法来管理交易，该交易处理器实现功能涉及具有诸如金融机构、买方资助者和卖方资助者的资助实体的经销商层的管理处理系统。概况文件和/或契约信息连同各个交易被存储，并用于审计交易的特征，以及在适当时促成交易的金融特征。交易处理费用是自动估算的，且与费用相关联的资金选择性地分配，用于管理和分销功能。在某些应用中，提供金融服务的一个或多个交易方也估算费用，且这些金融费用也被指定为交易的一部分。
在另一示例实施例中，根据各种交易特征、以及交易客户与经销商之间和每一经销商与系统管理员之间的契约型协议来自动估算费用。来自所估算费用的资金被自动分配给系统管理者、经销商和在适时与该契约型协议有关的交易客户。
根据本发明的另一示例实施例，自动化交易处理系统代表与实现自动化交易处理系统的控制方订立契约的多个经销商处理交易。该系统包括包含根据不同的交易规则集审计契约方之间的交易的客户层审计方的客户层功能。相应交易规则集中的每一个根据多个经销商中的唯一一个(例如，以经销商标识定义)和该唯一经销商与契约方的至少之一之间的商业关系(例如，契约)来定义。客户层支付处理器根据客户层审计方的交易审计来便于对所审计的每一交易的付费。即，当审计产生要授权付费的结果时(例如，审计指示已满足付费所需的交易条件)，则该结果可用于授权支付。
该系统还包括包含经销商层控制方的经销商层功能，该经销商层控制方根据每一经销商与控制方之间的商业关系(例如，契约)代表多个经销商中的每一个来控制客户层支付处理器的实现。该经销商层支付处理器对代表每一经销商所处理的交易估算每一经销商的费用，并便于转帐以支付所估算费用。对每一经销商估算费用涉及，例如对每一交易估算费用，其中费用由经销商指导征收，这可涉及从契约方和/或从简化支付中征收费用。
本发明的以上概述并非旨在描述本发明的每一示出实施例或每个实现。以下附图和详细描述更具体地例示了这些实施例。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑本发明各个实施例的详细描述时，可更完整地理解本发明，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一示例实施例的交易处理装置；
图2示出了根据本发明另一示例实施例的交易管理装置和方法；以及
图3示出了根据本发明又一示例实施例的交易处理的流程图。
尽管本发明易于有各种修改和替换形式，但其细节作为示例在附图中示出并将进行详细的描述。然而，应当理解，本发明并不旨在限于所描述的特定实施例。相反，旨在覆盖落入由所附权利要求书定义的本发明精神和范围内的所有修改、等效实施方式和替换。
具体实施方式
相信本发明可应用于各种不同类型的通信和金融处理管理方法，并且发现对涉及分层交易处理规则的操作实现和应用、以及交易、支付及其相关方面的处理的应用尤其有用。尽管本发明不必限于这样的方法，但本发明的各个方面可使用这些和其它环境通过各个示例的讨论而得到理解。
根据本发明一示例实施例，基于规则交易方法用多个经销商实体实现，用于为各交易方自动处理交易。每一经销商都便于交易方(例如，买方和/或卖方)之间的交易，其中交易方的至少之一是该经销商的客户。主处理器在处理经销商交易的过程中使用经调整适应每一经销商和适当时特定交易方的交易处理规则来代表每一经销商管理交易。主处理器根据便于交易方交易的至少一个经销商的商业规则和适当时的一个或多个交易方的商业规则来执行两个或多个交易方之间的交易各方面的处理。
在某些应用中，主处理器根据不同经销商的商业规则实现两个或多个交易方之间的交易的各个方面，其中不同经销商中的每一个代表至少一个交易方促进交易。就此方面，主机处理器通常为每一交易方提供独立的金融处理功能，并且在适当时作为交易中相对于每一经销商的客户的一般匿名交易方。
在本发明的另一示例实施例中，中央交易管理系统使用与经销商相关联的商业规则(例如，概况文件信息中所包含的)来处理由经销商资助的各方之间的交易。在某些应用中，交易方也由金融机构经销商资助，这便于对交易的金融方面的处理。就此方面，资助一般可涉及经销商与客户之间的配置，其中客户和经销商办理对客户和另一方之间的商品(即，货物和/或服务)交易的各方面的处理。如相关于本文中涉及分层交易关系的示例，其中主处理器代表多个经销商操作交易处理特征，被资助方在这种上下文中指的是，例如经销商的客户，包括诸如上述买方和卖方的交易方的客户。
当中央交易管理系统接收交易信息时，该信息被解析以标识可与资助经销商相关联的特征。当这些标识特征匹配一特定经销商时，中央交易管理系统使用该经销商的商业规则来处理金融交易。此外，当不同交易方的标识特征匹配不同的经销商时，每一方专用的交易的金融方面根据每一方相应的资助经销商来进行处理。与经销商相关的资金因而根据与每一方的资助经销商相关联的商业规则和交易的特定特征来转帐。
在另一实现中，中央交易管理系统还使用与个别被资助的交易方相关联的商业规则来处理涉及该被资助方的交易。一般而言，每一资助经销商诸如通过直接征求商业规则、或通过引导每一方将商业规则提供给中央交易管理系统来收集各个被资助交易方的规则。一旦被资助方的商业规则建立并可供中央交易管理系统使用(例如，经由中央交易管理系统本地和/或远程的存储)之后，根据这些商业规则处理与被资助方相关联的交易。
当中央交易管理系统接收诸如要支付的发票等交易信息时，该信息被用于标识资助经销商以及各交易方。然后根据资助经销商的商业规则以及被资助交易方的商业规则处理交易。这些交易方专用商业规则可被存储在例如可由中央交易管理系统访问的用户概况文件中、或被单独存储在与规则所属的特定被资助交易方的关联下。
在某些实例中，根据特定交易方的身份及其相应的商业规则标识其资助经销商。例如，当交易方设置商业规则来标识特定的资助经销商时，这些商业规则以选择该资助经销商来实现。相应地，根据交易方的商业规则标识的经销商的商业规则被用于处理交易。
在其它实例中，为了各种功能中的一个或多个，包括有由特定一方指定的两个或多个经销商，作为交易的参与者。这些指定经销商可包括资助和/或非资助经销商，和不同类型的经销商，诸如交易处理经销商和金融机构。即，指定的资助经销商(经由中央交易管理装置)资助交易管理的特定方，其中其它指定经销商可以是资金提供机构(例如，银行)、信贷发行机构、货币兑换机构等。
在涉及多个金融机构作为一公共方的应用中，中央交易管理系统与除了每一交易方的资助经销商以外的金融机构通过接口连接。例如，当交易方具有非资助金融机构的主要银行功能时，资助金融机构经由中央交易管理系统通过经由非资助金融机构交换资金以便于交易。资助金融机构还可经由中央交易管理系统实现为便于交易而收取的处理类费用。
在某些实例中，中央交易管理系统与经销商直接通过接口连接，这从分层结构的角度传递从一个或多个交易方接收到的信息。中央交易管理系统基于从经销商接收到的交易信息使用交易规则。有效地，经销商使用中央交易管理系统来执行交易处理功能，这些功能使用提供交易信息的特定经销商所专用的基于交易规则而实现。
在其它实例中，中央交易管理系统适于与交易各方通过接口直接连接，并适于基于从一个或多个交易方中接收到的信息来使用交易规则(即，无需资助经销商)。例如，买方或卖方可通过使用系统所实现的规则与中央交易管理系统通过接口连接，这些规则是基于该特定买方或卖方的概况文件信息的。这些交易方可与系统管理实体订立契约，在与上述讨论有关的某些方面中有效地用作资助经销商，以用这种方式来便于交易。
在某些实现中，中央交易管理系统(或之前所述的主处理器)工作来保持每一经销商的交易规则的分离。适当时也为交易方保持分离的规则。对交易规则的访问、一般是对中央交易管理系统的服务的访问，被限于该规则所属的机构(方)。该受限访问方法可使用例如加密、口令、跟踪和一般为数据访问和保护实现的其它安全型措施来实现。
使用多种方法中的一种或多种方法来存储商业规则。例如，可使用中央交易管理系统可访问的、并具有使商业规则与特定经销商关联的标签或其它标识特征的数据库。该数据库在物理上可以是中央交易管理系统本地或远程的，只要中央交易管理系统可访问数据库并控制其它实体对该数据库的访问。
上述管理处理器(即主处理器)可在单个位置或跨各个位置实现。适当时，中央或主处理器的某些功能可在彼此通信耦合的不同的可访问位置处实现。此外，中央或主处理器的功能可在交易分层结构的各个层上实现，诸如使用经销商或使用作为该经销商的客户和/或由经销商资助的交易方。
现在参看附图，图1示出了根据本发明另一示例实施例的交易处理装置100，它包括被编程为根据对应于特定经销商的概况文件自动处理交易信息的管理处理器110。该管理处理器110管理性地控制多个处理经销商120-N的交易处理器实现。这些交易处理器实现各自实现包括与交易方之间的交易相关联的金融服务的交易处理服务(即，以便于交易支付)。
经销商概况文件使用管理处理器110或使用可访问数据库112对每一处理经销商存储，并由管理处理器在实现处理经销商的交易处理功能时使用。数据库112可任选地耦合至管理处理器110(或其一部分)，还可包括不同位置的多个数据存储装置。管理处理器110通过限制处理经销商(或诸如交易方的他人)对概况文件的访问来维护这些概况文件的单独(和安全)存储。一般而言，经销商概况文件和管理处理器110的其它编程特征实现与处理经销商和操作管理处理器的管理方140之间的契约相关联的规则。
管理处理器110代表处理经销商120-N与多个客户方130-i交互，根据与每一客户方相关联的特定处理经销商的概况文件和交易处理器实现便于与每一客户方的交互。即，特定处理经销商的客户所提供的交易数据(例如，诸如发票或其它金融文档的基于交易文档)与处理经销商自动相关联。交易数据(以及因此客户)与特定处理经销商的关联可涉及例如使用用于为直接标识处理经销商或标识客户方的交易数据所配备的标识信息，又使用使所标识的客户方与处理经销商关联的经销商中的信息。
可根据为其管理交易处理实现的特定处理经销商的需求，来定制管理处理器110中的每一交易处理器实现。就此方面，由管理处理器110彼此平行地实现多个单独的交易处理功能，且每一交易处理功能一般与其它交易处理功能不同。从视觉角度，客户方130-i中的每一个将与管理处理器的交易交互视作与处理经销商的有效直接交互，客户方与该处理经销商具有交易处理服务的契约关系。而且，如果交易处理服务包括金融服务，则以相对于其它(非交易方)处理经销商及其相应的交易处理器实现的机密且独特的方式实现交易的金融业务方面。
使用买方客户方130与卖方客户方i之间的示例交易，且当处理经销商120资助买方客户方130时，管理处理器110对客户方与处理经销商120之间的交易文档交换和其它交互透明。即，客户与处理经销商120的交易处理器实现之间的交互以用处理经销商120可直接实现的方式实现。这种交易中的所有交互以管理方140与处理经销商120之间的协议为特征，并根据其实现；此外，这些协议(例如，如以处理经销商120的经销商概况文件为特征)构想了处理经销商120与买方客户方130之间的特定交易处理关系。在某些应用中，处理经销商120(或其它处理经销商)的经销商概况文件包括特定处理经销商的每一客户的单独和特定的概况文件，该特定客户概况文件在处理经销商的交易处理器的实现中使用。
继续前图中的示例交易，处理经销商120的交易处理器实现便于代表买方客户方130的、或从其向客户方i的支付。在某些应用中，交易处理器实现通过向客户方i支付并向买方客户方130增加信贷来便于支付。在其它应用中，交易处理器实现通过与买方客户方130在其概况文件信息中指定的金融机构的交互来便于支付。在另一些应用中，交易处理器实现便于在处理经销商120的指引下(即，使用其经销商概况文件中所指定的信息)进行支付。
某些示例实施例涉及交易处理配置100实现子分销的方法，其中客户方130-i中的一个或多个在管理处理器110的参与下向其它客户分销或资助。该方法可应用于例如其中特定处理经销商的客户资助另一交易方来使用管理处理器110的情况。例如，使用其中客户方130使用处理经销商130的交易处理器实现的示例中，客户方130可资助其它客户方使用该交易处理器实现，其中其它客户方私下参与和客户方130的公共契约。这样的情形可例如在客户方130是卖方并资助买方客户方使用交易处理器实现来处理与特定交易相关联的发票时发生。另一示例涉及其中特定客户方用作对一个或多个子客户方的处理经销商时的应用，例如其中子客户方参与彼此之间的交易。以下结合图2讨论的示例还例示了其中以诸如系统100的交易处理系统便于子分销方法的应用。
除以上示例以外，每一交易处理器实现以各种方式选择性地实现，这些方式为特定处理经销商所定制和/或跨不同的处理经销商通用。对于有关交易处理方法的一般信息和对于有关由管理处理器110结合各示例实施例实现的特定信息，可对以下专利文献进行参考，这些文献中的每一个通过引用全部结合于此：全部属于Hahn-Carlson的美国专利第5,910,896号、第6,571,149号、第6,697,702号以及第6,704,612号；以及美国专利申请第10/436,878号(USBA.101PA)。
在另一示例实施例中，管理处理器110为各种目的，诸如为生成报告、跟踪顺应性、以及发生错误或非顺应性时采取适当的措施而保存商业规则和随时间处理的交易的数据。例如，当处理特定交易时或当商业规则改变时，中央处理器监视相关联的信息，并为这些目的存储和/或处理所监视的信息。
本文中以上结合图1及其它讨论的用户概况文件和/或商业规则可包括在交易管理和金融处理中使用的各种信息。例如，除上述方法以外，典型的这种概况文件可包括以下数据的一种或多种：帐户的总分类帐表、提交契约或交易数据的计算机系统的标识、顾客列表、供应商列表、金融机构列表、契约和价格核准策略、交易核准策略、商业规则、操作角色(例如定义与该角色相关联的用户可执行何种功能)、组织分层结构(例如，定义与特定组织节点相关联的用户可访问公司的多少数据)以及个别用户。金融机构概况文件也可包括进一步从金融机构的角度定义所选顾客或其它处理经销商与金融处理组织之间的商业关系的信息。
在本发明的另一示例实施例中，管理处理器110向每一经销商提供了用户接口，它适于与由经销商指定的契约方通过接口连接。管理处理器110通过该用户接口便于契约方使用契约方的概况文件信息(例如，如由经销商提供的用户名和口令)访问系统，由此提供了由经销商准予访问的任何契约方对管理处理器110的访问。
图2示出了根据本发明另一示例实施例，单独的经销商和客户层中的交易方之间的交易管理的装置和方法200。交易处理系统210与多个分销机构通过接口连接，以便于代表分销机构进行涉及客户的交易。交易处理系统210使用数据库220中所存储的经销商数据(有时是客户数据)，用于实现交易规则。这些规则与经由经销商或直接从客户接收的信息有关，被用于处理交易的金融和其它处理方面。
图2中一般示出的在管理方、经销商、子经销商和客户层之间的分层结构关系提供了由交易处理系统210实现的处理特征的概念性视图，其中客户与子经销商(至少看上去)经由经销商交互。然而，在众多应用中，客户和/或子经销商与交易处理系统210直接通信，这提供了代表每一经销商管理的交易接口，经由这些接口客户和/或子经销商被资助进入交易交易处理系统210。在某些应用中，与交易处理系统210的交互对每一用户而言，相对与其经销商或子经销商的直接交互，显现为具有在交易处理系统210处可控制实现的虚拟墙，以确保与正在处理的数据有关的机密性和完整性。
经销商层和/或子经销商层中的经销商将交易处理系统210的处理功能分配给客户层中的客户。经销商例如可分配诸如与定单、发票、运单、金融转账和/或信贷功能的自动处理有关的那些交易功能。作为示例参考图1，管理处理器110的功能可用交易处理系统210实现，所示单独的交易处理器实现分别对不同的经销商以及适用时的子经销商方实现。
作为示例，所示的经销商包括分别位于节点232和234处的交易处理经销商A和B、以及分别位于节点230和236处的金融经销商银行A和B。银行A(230)经由交易处理系统210向客户1-N提供金融处理功能。交易处理经销商232和234经由交易处理系统210分别向子经销商1-2、客户A-i提供交易处理功能，并经由子经销商1-2提供给子客户A、B、1、2。银行B(236)将处理功能分配给包含子银行1和2的银行，后者又向子客户C、D、3、4提供金融处理功能。尽管未示出，但经销商232和银行236中的一个或两者均可向子经销商实体以及客户实体两者提供服务。
一般而言，费用与交易处理系统210代表经销商和子经销商实现的交易处理功能相关联，或者直接作为交易的一部分(例如，通过估算与交易的支付处理有关的费用)、或通过基于使用或在其它非交易专用基础上收取费用。取决于特定交易和如概况文件中所定义的与各交易方的配置、契约信息或数据库220中所存储的其它数据，这些费用可单独向经销商、子经销商、客户或子客户中的一个或多个估算。此外，费用来源也可在数据库220中所存储的概况文件中定义，并与授权信息一起使用来提取费用。
例如，当经销商B(234)与客户A订立契约以代表该客户处理交易时，经销商B与客户A之间的协议由交易处理系统210实现，以便对向客户A提供的交易服务估算费用。该费用可以是基于交易资金的(例如，与交易相关的金融转账的百分比)、基于固定费用服务或以其它方式实现。经销商B还通过交易处理系统210对由此提供的服务估算费用。在某些应用中，分开估算和支付费用。在其它实例中，交易处理系统210直接向客户A估算费用，向交易处理系统210扣留经销商B欠付的这些费用的一部分，并向经销商B支付费用的其余部分。在又一些实例中，根据经销商B与交易处理系统210之间的契约条款，向经销商B直接支付对客户A(和由经销商B资助的其它客户)估算的费用，其中对支付为经销商B提供的处理功能实现单独的费用估算。
在某些示例实施例中，交易处理系统210还适于为与涉及经销商资助的客户的交易有关的支付和/或结算功能与金融机构交互。例如，当子银行1随买方从子客户D(例如，由该银行直接资助或通过与涉及子客户C的交易相关联)购买货物而资助子客户C进入交易时，以从子客户C提取的相关联结算实行对子客户D的支付。子客户C和D的金融机构被用于这些目的，转帐或者在金融机构之间直接发生或经由交易处理系统210发生，该系统可取消交易的特定费用和/或提供信贷以借此代表子客户C向子客户D的金融机构进行支付。当提供信贷时，除基于交易的费用以外，估算由概况文件或其它处理规则指定的增加信贷费用。指定可从中提取支付的这种金融机构的信息可与关于每一交易和/或交易各方有关的概况文件信息(和/或商业规则)一起被存储在数据库220中。
在某些应用中，信贷由交易处理系统210使用担保方法提供。交易处理系统210(例如，使用诸如以下所述的审计方引擎的客户层型审计)根据与买方有关的信贷条款和由控制方指定的交易规则对买方和卖方客户之间的交易进行审计。使用该审计，交易处理系统210根据该审计代表控制方(例如经销商)担保从买方到卖方的现金流。用于担保的费用被添加到交易处理系统210为便于交易而估算的那些费用中。
在另一组示例实施例中，交易处理系统210适于便于对客户和/或经销商增加信贷。在某些实施例中，交易处理系统210直接提供信贷(用作信贷发行机构)，从而提供用于交易的支付和/或结算功能的资金。在其它实施例中，交易处理系统210间接地便于提供资金，例如使用由客户和/或经销商指定的外部金融机构。当交易处理系统210经由金融经销商对客户提供信贷时，使用该金融经销商的概况信息(例如，存储在数据库220中)来实现提供信贷、跟踪和其它处理功能。
在某些应用中，交易处理系统210被配置成解决与费用和/或其它交易特征有关的金融机构问题。当买方或卖方进入交易时，交易处理系统210计算要从买方银行征收并汇款给卖方银行(例如，当一个或两个银行都在经销商层工作时)的资金量。这些资金被用于为卖方银行对卖方进行所有交易的支付提供资金，这实现了交易处理系统210在特定的支付期限(例如，一网络日)内的可支付状态。
一旦确定了要征收的资金数目，交易处理系统210就可进一步用于以多种方式中的一种或多种来便于对这些资金进行征收。例如，交易处理系统210可仅使用常规通信方法来使交易方了解资金的数目。在其它实例中，交易处理系统210例如如上所述地在交易的支付和结算的两方面积极地便于这些资金的征收。
在一个示例中，当买方的银行有到期的净资金时，以某一间隔(例如，至少每天一次)向买方银行提交对交易处理系统或卖方银行两者中的任一个的所有到期净资金的电子支付要求。当卖方的银行有到期的净资金时，也以某一间隔向卖方银行提交对交易处理系统或买方银行两者中的任一个的所有到期净货币的电子支付要求。此外，对买方银行的所有到期的净货币，以某一间隔(例如，至少每天一次)向买方银行提交电子支付通知。当买方银行有到期的净资金时，在扣除对交易处理系统或卖方银行中的任一个到期的资金之后，可预期到期的净货币。也向卖方银行提交对卖方银行所有到期的净货币的电子支付通知。与以上类似地，当卖方银行有到期的净资金时，在扣除对交易处理系统或买方银行中的任一个的到期资金之后，可预期这些到期的净资金。
以多种方式中的一种或多种控制对数据库220上信息的访问，使信息可供用户选择性使用，并取决于实现具有各种格式。以下讨论使用该一般方法的各种示例。
在一个示例实施例中，每一经销商能访问指定其客户的交易。通过允许这样的访问，每一经销商机构获准访问，以执行与对交易处理系统内客户的交易处理有关的顾客服务功能。此外，每一经销商可保存它们与向其提供处理功能且在某些应用中发行信贷的每一顾客的净部位(net position)的概观。
向买方或卖方中的任一方发行信贷的金融经销商也可指定从何处检索信贷相关信息以供在交易中使用。例如，可指定向其传递信贷减少建议的位置。此外，信贷发行金融机构可指定减少建议是包括交易细节还是仅是报表周期的交易细节的集合。对后一情况，交易处理系统210可被指定被用作详细子分类帐目以支持信贷使用。在这种意义上，交易处理系统210更类似于常规信贷发行机构(包括信用卡发行机构)工作，其中信贷发行方备有概述或细节信息。
取决于应用和安全性的所需等级，用交易处理系统210实现各种安全相关功能。例如，在某些实现中，从经销商和/或客户流入交易处理系统210的数据使用标准加密技术加密。类似地，从交易处理系统210流入经销商和/或客户的数据也可使用标准加密技术加密。任何分布式的计算设备与交易处理系统210之间的通信也可使用标准加密技术加密。例如，当不同经销商的交易功能在物理上不同的位置实现时，这些系统实现与交易处理系统210之间的通信被加密。
除交易通信的安全性相关功能以外，也可使用安全措施控制对交易处理系统210内数据的访问。例如，存储在数据库220中的概况文件可包括安全型信息，诸如访问交易处理系统210的用户可采用的口令和/或加密信息。
在本发明的另一示例实施例中，用设置处理交易的商业规则(例如，契约信息)的资助处理经销商来为处理买方与卖方之间的交易而实现基于费用的分布式交易处理系统。该系统可例如结合上述图1中的管理处理器100和/或图2中的交易处理系统200实现。图2示出了关联引擎240、审计方引擎250、交易支付处理器260和费用处理器270，它们结合以下基于费用系统的方法中描述的类似功能来选择性地实现。就此方面，以下对图2进行选择性引用。
基于费用的系统包括含有至少一个独立数据库的数据存储装置，在某些应用中有位于不同或公共位置处的两个或多个数据库。数据存储配置存储商业规则，用于涉及包括买方、卖方和处理经销商的不同交易方的多个交易，也存储交易方的用户概况文件。处理经销商资助每一交易的买方和卖方中的至少一个。就此方面，基于费用系统实现对资助经销商、对买方与卖方之间执行的交易的交易处理。
交易处理控制方(例如，交易处理系统210)与不同交易方交互，以接收由交易各方指定的概况文件信息，例如其中每一交易方提供信息，诸如资金来源、对提取或转帐的授权和适当时可根据它为支付核定审计交易的规则。交易处理控制方也可与处理经销商交互，用于接收如每一处理经销商指定的商业规则，并将所接收的概况文件系统和商业规则存储在数据存储装置中。
关联引擎(例如，关联引擎240)接收交易支付数据，并根据该交易支付数据所应用的交易各方所存储的概况文件信息使交易支付数据与处理经销商关联。即，当接收到诸如电子发票的交易支付数据时，关联引擎访问数据存储装置以检索可用于使电子发票与特定交易关联的概况文件信息。该关联用于检索适用于特定交易的商业规则。
审计方引擎(例如，审计方引擎250)使用如通过关联引擎与处理经销商关联的、从数据存储配置检索到的商业规则，审计对所接收的交易支付数据的支付。例如，当商业规则指定在确认货物和/或服务的收据时要授权交易的支付时，审计方引擎可使用这样的收据(例如，从买方接收)以及商业规则来审计交易的支付。
交易支付处理器(例如，交易支付处理器206)使用审计结果以及至少一个交易方的概况文件信息来便于每一所审计交易的支付。例如，当审计结果包括支付授权时，指定从中提取支付或从中减低信贷额度的金融机构帐户的概况文件信息被用作资金来源，且该概况文件信息中所指定的授权信息被用于存取该资金。
系统还包括费用支付处理器(例如，费用处理器270)，它对资助每一交易的交易方的经销商估算费用，并例如以类似于以上结合由交易支付处理器促成的支付讨论的方式来促成对所估算费用的支付。在某些应用中，直接对经销商估算费用，而在其它应用中，对每一交易的一方或多方估算费用。此外，费用金额可根据系统操作员与对其估算费用的经销商之间的协议设定，和/或被估算为交易金额的百分数。
在某些应用中，交易支付处理器代表一个或多个交易方增加交易支付的信贷。例如，资助特定交易的经销商的信用评价在便于对卖方的支付时被选择性地用于(如由商业规则指示)代表特定买方提供信贷。类似地，卖方的信用评价代表买方向该卖方提供信贷而选择性地实现。在更直接的方法中，买方的信用等级被用于为特定交易对卖方的支付而向该买方提供信贷。这些方法中的一个或多个因此可如适当的交易概况文件中所指示地选择性地实现。
结合以上示例性基于费用系统，关联引擎240、审计方引擎250、交易支付处理器260和费用处理器270中的一个或多个根据结合本文所讨论的其它实施例中描述的类似功能而选择性地实现。例如，审计方引擎250以用于代表经销商处理客户之间交易的客户层审计功能来选择性实现。交易支付处理器260以用于便于支付和/或用于对这样的交易估算费用的客户层和/或经销商层支付处理功能来选择性地实现。交易处理系统210结合审计方引擎和交易支付处理器260中的一个或多个，以经销商层控制方功能来选择性地实现。
图3示出了根据本发明的另一实施例，涉及使特定经销商与交易关联的交易处理的流程图。在框310，从诸如客户计算机系统或经销商计算机系统的客户节点接收含有交易标识信息的交易数据(传递客户交易信息)。该交易标识信息可包括属于例如交易的特定客户方、经销商或其所应用的特定交易专用的其它标识信息的标识数据。在框320，将交易数据与经销商标识数据进行比较。如果在框330处未找到交易数据与经销商之间的任何匹配，则在框335向交易数据的发送者返回失败通知，以指示不能处理交易。
如果在框330找到了交易数据与一经销商之间的匹配，则在框340加载对应于该匹配的交易处理数据。在某些实例中，所加载的交易处理信息包括由满足该匹配的经销商排他性提供的信息。在其它实例中，所加载的交易处理数据包括除满足该匹配经销商以外的交易各方的信息(例如，如上所述用于指定用户偏好或概况文件)。在加载了交易处理数据之后，它在框350诸如通过存储数据、审计发票或批准支付而用于处理交易数据，以便于处理交易的各方面。
尽管已参考若干特定示例实施例描述了本发明的某些方面，但本领域技术人员可以认识到，对其可进行各种改变而不背离本发明的精神和范围，本发明的各方面在以下权利要求书中描述。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于代表多个经销商处理交易的自动交易处理系统，所述多个经销商与实现所述自动化交易处理系统的控制方订立契约，所述系统包括：
客户层审计方，被配置和安排成根据不同的交易规则集审计契约方之间的交易，所述各个交易规则集中的每一个根据所述多个经销商中唯一一个经销商、以及所述唯一经销商与所述契约方中的至少一个之间的商业关系来定义；
客户层支付处理器，被配置和安排成根据所述客户审计方对所述交易的审计来便于对所审计的每一交易的支付；
经销商层控制方，被配置和安排成根据每一经销商与所述控制方之间的商业关系、代表所述多个经销商中的每一个来控制所述客户层支付处理器的实现；以及
经销商层支付处理器，被配置和安排成根据代表每一经销商所处理的交易对每一经销商估算费用，并便于根据所估算的费用进行转帐。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器还被配置和安排成对每一交易估算费用，并根据所述交易规则便于对所述费用的支付，所述支付由所述交易的契约方和唯一经销商的至少之一推动。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
数据存储装置，被配置和安排成存储由每一经销商提供的交易规则，所述交易规则包括处理交易的信息。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成通过根据交易数据和契约方之一的用户概况文件中的信息使所述交易数据与所述契约方的其中之一关联来审计交易，并根据所述审计提供支付授权，其中所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成根据所述支付授权便于对所审计的每一交易支付。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成通过向买方提供信贷、并向卖方支付来便于对所述买方与卖方之间的所审计的每一交易的支付。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成根据由所述控制方设置的交易规则提供信贷。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成从所述控制方在所述交易规则中指定的金融机构提供信贷。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成通过授权从买方的用户概况文件中指定的金融机构向卖方支付，来便于所述买方与卖方之间的所审计的每一交易的支付。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层支付处理器被配置和安排成通过向所述买方授权提供信贷以向所述卖方进行支付，来便于支付。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述客户层审计方被配置和安排成根据与买方有关的信贷条款和由所述控制方指定的交易规则审计所述买方与卖方之间的交易，还根据所述审计代表所述控制方担保从所述买方到所述卖方的现金流。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，在公共交易处理器中实现所述客户层审计方、所述经销商层控制方、所述客户机层支付处理器和所述经销商支付处理器中的至少两个。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述经销商层控制方被配置和安排成通过根据提供所述交易规则的用户概况文件信息向所述用户授权来控制不同交易规则集的实现。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述经销商层支付处理器被配置和安排成根据所述控制方和所述经销商所指定的交易规则对每一经销商估算费用。
14.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述经销商层控制方被配置和安排成根据经销商的用户概况文件信息为所述经销商控制每一经销商对客户机层审计方的访问。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述经销商层控制方被配置和安排成根据契约方的用户概况文件信息控制每一契约方对所述客户层审计方的访问。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统，其特征在于，所述经销商层控制方被配置和安排成根据由资助契约方的经销商提供的用户概况文件信息控制每一契约方对所述客户层审计方的访问。
17.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括由所述唯一经销商实现、并适于与由所述唯一经销商指定的契约方通过接口连接的用户接口，其中所述用户接口适于根据所述契约方的概况文件信息来便于契约方访问所述系统，且其中所述经销商层控制方被配置和安排成便于获准访问所述经销商的用户接口的任何契约方对所述系统的访问。
18.一种基于费用的分布式交易处理系统，包括：
数据存储装置，包括至少一个独立的数据库，并适于为涉及存储用于包括买方、卖方和处理经销商的不同的交易各方的多个交易的商业规则，所述处理经销商资助每一交易的买方和卖方中的至少一个，所述数据存储装置也适于存储所述交易方的用户概况文件；
交易处理控制方，适于为接收由所述交易各方指定的概况文件信息而与所述不同的交易各方交互，适于为接收如由每一处理器经销商指定的商业规则而与所述处理经销商交互，并适于将所接收的概况文件信息和商业规则存储在所述数据存储配置中；
关联引擎，被配置和安排成对于每一个交易，根据交易支付数据所应用的交易各方所存储的概况文件信息，来接收所述交易支付数据并使之与处理经销商关联；
审计方引擎，被配置和安排成对于每一交易，根据相关联的处理经销商的商业规则，对与所述处理经销商相关联的所接收的交易支付数据的支付进行审计；
交易支付处理器，被配置和安排成根据所述审计方引擎的审计和所述支付所涉及的至少一个交易方的概况文件信息，来便于对所审计的每一交易支付；
费用支付处理器，被配置和安排成对于每一交易，对资助所述交易的交易方的经销商估算费用，并便于对所估算费用的支付。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述交易处理控制方、所述关联引擎、所述审计方引擎、所述交易支付处理器和所述费用支付处理器的至少之一是交易处理器装置的软件实现功能。
20.如权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述交易支付处理器被配置和安排成通过提供信贷便于对所审计的每一交易的支付，以便于向所述交易的卖方支付。
21.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述交易支付处理器被配置和安排成通过使用资助所审计交易的经销商的信用等级提供信贷以便于对所述交易的卖方支付，来便于对所审计交易支付。
22.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述交易支付处理器被配置和安排成通过使用参与所审计交易的买方的信用等级提供信贷以便于对所述交易的卖方支付，来便于对所审计交易支付。
23.如权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述交易支付处理器被配置和安排成通过使用参与所审计交易的卖方的信用等级提供信贷以便于对所述交易的卖方支付，来便于对所审计交易支付。
24.一种代表与控制方订立契约的多个经销商处理交易的方法，所述方法包括：
根据不同的交易规则集审计契约方之间的交易，所述各个交易规则集中的每一个根据所述多个经销商中的唯一一个经销商和所述唯一经销商与所述签约方中的至少一个之间的商业关系定义；
根据所述交易的审计和每一经销商与所述控制方之间的商业关系便于对所审计的每一交易支付；
根据代表每一经销商处理的交易对每一经销商估算费用；以及
根据所估算的费用便于转帐。
CNA200580019178XA 2004-06-09 2005-06-09 基于经销商交易的处理装置和方法 Pending CN101031905A (zh)

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