CN101039739A - 从薄膜组件上去除固体的方法和设备 - Google Patents

从薄膜组件上去除固体的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101039739A
CN101039739A CN200580034570.1A CN200580034570A CN101039739A CN 101039739 A CN101039739 A CN 101039739A CN 200580034570 A CN200580034570 A CN 200580034570A CN 101039739 A CN101039739 A CN 101039739A
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托马斯·W·贝克
沃伦·T·约翰逊
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/20—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
    • B01D63/043—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies with separate tube sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration

Abstract

一种操作薄膜过滤组件(5)的方法，所述组件(5)包括一个或多个在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管(8，9)之间纵向延伸的薄膜，所述薄膜(7)的端部封装到所述集管中。薄膜(7)具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加给薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出。所述上部和/或下部集管(8，9)中的至少一个具有位于其中的一或多个开口(10)，并且所述方法包括使所述进液至少部分地流过所述一或多个开口(10)，从而施加给所述薄膜壁。还公开了执行所述方法的设备。

Description

从薄膜组件上去除固体的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及薄膜过滤系统，更特别地，涉及通过提供改进的薄膜清洗系统而改进该系统的过滤效率的方法和设备。
背景技术
在薄膜过滤工艺中，用于在物理上清洗薄膜的方法是极为重要的。有效的薄膜清洗手段可以保持稳定的薄膜渗透率并且减少化学清洗的次数。物理上清洗薄膜的常用方法是利用渗透液(permeate)/滤液或气体进行反冲(也称作″回洗″或″反冲洗″)。通常使用反冲方法将阻塞薄膜气孔的固体冲出，并部分地除去在薄膜表面上形成的滤饼。在过滤含有高浓度固体的料液的系统中，尤其是在薄膜密集装在组件中的情况下，积垢更为迅速和严重地产生。
利用压缩气体进行的反冲已经证明是极为有效的清洗方法，现在已广泛地应用于微过滤处理领域中。对该方法的限制在于薄膜孔径。用渗透液进行薄膜反冲对孔径没有限制，但是反冲效率通常低于气体反冲，并且跨膜压力(TMP)的恢复不足以补偿积垢速率。可以使用其他手段提高反冲效率，例如在反冲渗透液中定量加入化学药剂，或者与气体洗涤结合使用。
在授权给Maruyama等人的日本专利No.JP2031200公开了空心纤维薄膜反冲方法。该方法包括下列步骤：停止过滤，空气洗涤薄膜，充满薄膜容器，在压缩空气作用下用渗透液进行反冲，排出废物。该步骤重复进行以实现高效率。在授权给Sunaoka等人的美国专利No.5,209,852中描述了一种清洗组件内空心纤维薄膜的方法。该方法由两级空气洗涤和排放组成，从而清洗薄膜。
为了使占地面积和成本达到最小，薄膜组件通常利用高填充密度薄膜制成，所述薄膜通常为纤维形式。这增加了组件内用于过滤的薄膜面积。但是，填充密度越高，将过滤过程中捕获的固体从薄膜束中有效冲刷的难度越大。因此，在反冲过程中，固体清除效率的提高可以允许处理更多的固体数量，或者可以使用更高的薄膜填集密度，从而降低处理成本。
在现有技术的纤维薄膜系统中，通常除去固体的方法在于，使给水从组件一端流向另一端进行冲洗，随后经侧部出口流出组件。在这种情况下，首先沿纤维将固体冲洗到组件出口端，但是固体随后必须横穿纤维束以离开组件。在许多应用中，使流体改变方向并垂直于纤维束流动以离开组件的这种要求可以造成固体在出口附近聚集，这是因为存在以下趋势，即，纤维像条带过滤器(string filter)那样工作，捕获固体，或阻碍固体在该位置处离开组件。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服或至少改善现有技术的一个或多个缺点，或至少提供一种有效的替代手段。
根据一个方面，本发明提供了一种操作薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管(header)之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装(potted)在所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个集管具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，所述方法包括使所述进液至少部分地流过所述一个或多个开口，以施加给所述薄膜壁。
根据另一个方面，本发明提供了一种清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个位于进液容器中并在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装在所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个集管具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，所述方法包括：
a)执行过滤操作，其中，所述进液至少部分地流过所述一个或多个开口，用以施加给所述薄膜壁；
b)暂停所述过滤操作；
c)对薄膜壁执行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上清除到该薄膜壁周围的液体中；
d)执行大致平行于纵向延伸薄膜的进液容器的清扫，从而使容纳被移除废物的液体至少部分地通过集管中的开口；和
e)重新开始过滤操作。
更优选地，所述开口设置在下部集管中并且滤液从上部集管流出。优选地，所述开口还用于将气体引入所述组件，从而在所述清洗处理过程中产生用于冲刷薄膜表面的气泡。所述清扫与清洗处理同时进行。优选地，所述清扫为高速清扫。
本发明提供了组件罐(pot)之一中的孔或开口，从而在过滤期间，至少一部分料液还通过底罐中的开口流入，并且流入薄膜束的深度中，减少壳侧压降并且在薄膜表面上产生一些横流。这些用于废物流动的孔或开口的使用还允许在反冲过程中沿薄膜清扫的固体在其离开组件时，平行于所述薄膜继续流动。使固体横越纤维束以在侧部端口处离开的要求大为减少或消除。
同样的构思可应用于在开放桶(tank)中工作的浸水薄膜。在现有技术中，固体典型地通过使桶排空而移除。当容纳固体的进液从组件排出时，它必须在接近底部处改变方向以流出组件并且从桶中排出。通过提供位于组件底部中的孔或开口，固体可以在其从组件中流出时，大致平行于纤维继续流动。该继续的流动确保了固体从组件和桶中更为有效的移除。
根据另一方面，本发明提供了一种操作薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个从上部集管竖直伸出的薄膜，薄膜近端封装在所述上部集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述方法包括在所述过滤操作期间，使所述进液至少部分地流过位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的一个或多个开口，从而施加给所述薄膜壁。
根据另一个方面，本发明提供了一种清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个位于进液容器中并从上部集管竖直伸出的薄膜，薄膜近端封装在所述上部集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述方法包括：
a)执行过滤操作，其中，所述进液至少部分地流过位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的一个或多个开口，从而施加给所述薄膜壁；
b)暂停所述过滤操作；
c)对薄膜壁执行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上清除到该薄膜壁周围的液体中；
d)执行大致平行于竖直延伸薄膜的进液容器的清扫或排放，从而使容纳被移除废物的液体至少部分地通过位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的所述开口排出；和
e)重新开始过滤操作。
用于执行上述方法的设备也包括在本发明的范围之内。
附图说明
现在将参照附图仅以举例的方式描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1显示了根据一个实施例的薄膜组件的示意性剖视图；
图2显示了根据另一实施例的薄膜组件的示意性剖视图；和
图3a和3b显示了分别在通气和排放阶段，非加压过滤系统的底部集管的示意性放大剖视图。
优选实施方式
参考图1，过滤组件5安装在壳体6内，所述壳体6容纳要过滤的进液。过滤组件5包括在上部和下部集管8和9之间延伸的一束或多束空心纤维薄膜7。下部集管9设置有与纤维束内部连通的多个开口10和具有开口11′的开放集气室11。进口/出口12设置在组件5的底部。进液在阀AV5、AV1和AV2的控制下通过端口12、13和14供给。
渗透液/滤液在阀AV3的控制下通过腔室15和端口16流出。还可以在阀AV4的控制下通过端口16进行反冲。
图2显示了与图1类似的装置，但是，在该实施例中，空心纤维薄膜7从上部集管8垂直悬挂并且在其下部末端19不进行封装。每个纤维薄膜7的末端19封闭并且滤液通过上部集管8流出。
在使用中，通过打开端口12和对组件5内的进液施加适当的压力，使得过滤和反冲之后聚集在组件5内的固体通过开口10从组件5中冲走或清除。废物通过集气室11内的开口11′冲走并且通过开口12移除。
图3a和3b显示了一对组件5的下部集管9的放大图，所述组件5连接到非加压过滤系统内的单个集气室11上。该实施例中的组件5安装在开放容器(未显示)中，并且包含固体(该固体在过滤和反冲之后聚集在组件5内)的废液通过开口10在重力作用下排走，如图3b所示。
如图3a最佳显示的，连接到气体供给歧管18上的端口17还可用于向开10供给气体，从而在组件5内提供冲刷气泡以辅助纤维薄膜表面的清除。
根据本发明的系统可以提供许多优点，包括：
1.由于清除动作沿纤维表面而不是横穿多束纤维，从而增强了反冲期间的固体清除效果；
2.在过滤期间，料液与薄膜束内部更易于接触(在过滤期间，料液可以通过同一孔流入薄膜束中心)。这还在过滤期间引起一种横流。
3.容纳多套薄膜组件的支架(rack)插入件可以下降到更接近组件底部的位置处，因为在组件下面不再需要容纳歧管和用于固体清除和进液进入的管线的开放区域，这目前通过罐内开口实现。该结果导致更好的无效空间减少作用以及更小的排流空间。
4.集气室可以连接到管或歧管上，并且反冲废物泵出组件而不是重力流出，和/或进水在过滤期间泵入。
应当理解，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，本发明的其他实施例和实例也是可能的。

Claims (24)

1.一种操作薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装在所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个集管具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，所述方法包括使所述进液至少部分地流过所述一个或多个开口，以施加给所述薄膜壁。
2.一种清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个位于进液容器中并在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装在所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个集管具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，所述方法包括：
a)执行过滤操作，其中，所述进液至少部分地流过所述一个或多个开口，用以施加给所述薄膜壁；
b)暂停所述过滤操作；
c)对薄膜壁执行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上清除到该薄膜壁周围的液体中；
d)执行大致平行于纵向延伸薄膜的进液容器的清扫或排放，从而使容纳被移除废物的液体至少部分地通过集管中的开口；和
e)重新开始过滤操作。
3.如权利要求2所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，所述开口设置在下部集管中并且滤液从上部集管流出。
4.如权利要求3所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，所述开口用于将气体引入所述组件，从而在所述清洗处理中产生用于冲刷薄膜表面的气泡。
5.如权利要求2所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，清扫与清洗处理同时进行。
6.如权利要求2或5所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，所述清扫为高速清扫。
7.如权利要求2所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，所述进液容器向大气开放。
8.一种操作薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个从上部集管竖直伸出的薄膜，薄膜近端封装在所述上部集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中，容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述方法包括在所述过滤操作期间，使所述进液至少部分地流过位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的一个或多个开口，从而施加给所述薄膜壁。
9.一种清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个位于进液容器中并从上部集管竖直伸出的薄膜，薄膜近端封装在所述上部集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中，容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述方法包括：
a)执行过滤操作，其中，所述进液至少部分地流过位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的一个或多个开口，从而施加给所述薄膜壁；
b)暂停所述过滤操作；
c)对薄膜壁执行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上清除到该薄膜壁周围的液体中；
d)执行大致平行于竖直延伸薄膜的进液容器的清扫或排放，从而使容纳被移除废物的液体至少部分地通过位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的所述开口排出。和
e)重新开始过滤操作。
10.一种操作薄膜过滤组件的方法，所述组件包括一个或多个在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装在所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中，容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个集管具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，以及还包括使所述进液至少部分地流过所述一个或多个开口，以施加给所述薄膜壁的装置。
11.如权利要求10所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，所述开口设置在下部集管中并且滤液从上部集管流出。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的薄膜过滤组件，还包括对薄膜壁执行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上清除到该薄膜壁周围的液体中的装置；以及，使包括液体的所述废物通过一个或多个所述开口排出的装置。
13.如权利要求12所述的清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，其特征在于，所述开口用于将气体引入所述组件，从而在所述清洗处理过程中产生用于冲刷薄膜表面的气泡。
14.一种薄膜过滤组件，包括一个或多个从上部集管竖直伸出的薄膜，薄膜近端封装到所述上部集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述组件还包括位于所述薄膜下面的组件内的一个或多个开口，其中，所述进液在所述过滤操作期间至少部分地流过所述开口，从而施加给所述薄膜壁。
15.如权利要求14所述的薄膜过滤组件，其特征在于，所述开口用于将气体引入所述组件，从而在所述清洗处理过程中产生用于冲刷薄膜表面的气泡。
16.一种薄膜过滤组件，所述组件包括一个或多个在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装到所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，以及还包括在薄膜壁上进行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上移除到该薄膜周围的液体中的装置；以及，使包括液体的所述废物通过一个或多个所述开口排出的装置。
17.如权利要求16所述的薄膜过滤组件，其特征在于，所述开口设置在下部集管中并且滤液从上部集管流出。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的薄膜过滤组件，其特征在于，所述开口用于将气体引入所述组件，从而在所述清洗处理过程中产生用于冲刷薄膜表面的气泡。
19.如权利要求16所述的薄膜过滤组件，其特征在于，废物移除与清洗处理同时进行。
20.一种包括薄膜过滤组件的薄膜过滤系统，所述薄膜过滤组件包括一个或多个位于进液容器中并在竖直间隔的上部和下部集管之间纵向延伸的薄膜，薄膜端部封装到所述集管中，所述薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透壁，其中容纳废物的进液施加到薄膜壁的一侧，并且滤液从薄膜壁的另一侧流出，所述上部和/或下部集管中的至少一个集管具有一个或多个位于其中的开口，所述薄膜过滤系统还包括：
a)用于执行过滤操作的装置，其中，所述进液至少部分地通过用于施加的所述一个或多个开口流向所述薄膜壁；
b)用于暂停所述过滤操作的装置；
c)用于对薄膜壁执行清洗处理，从而将废物从该薄膜壁上清除到围绕该薄膜壁的液体中的装置；
d)用于执行大致平行于纵向延伸薄膜的进液容器的清扫或排放，从而使容纳被移除废物的液体至少部分地通过集管中的开口的装置；和
e)用于重新开始过滤操作的装置。
21.如权利要求20所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述开口设置在下部集管中并且滤液从上部集管流出。
22.如权利要求20或21所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述开口用于将气体引入所述组件，从而在所述清洗处理过程中产生用于冲刷薄膜表面的气泡。
23.如权利要求20所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述清扫与清洗处理同时进行。
24.如权利要求20所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述进液容器通向大气。
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US20080053923A1 (en) 2008-03-06
EP1799334A4 (en) 2009-05-06
CN101039739B (zh) 2014-10-08
US8506806B2 (en) 2013-08-13
US20130299411A1 (en) 2013-11-14
JP2008513187A (ja) 2008-05-01
AU2005284677A1 (en) 2006-03-23
JP4896025B2 (ja) 2012-03-14
EP1799334B1 (en) 2013-12-11
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AU2005284677B2 (en) 2010-12-23
CA2579857A1 (en) 2006-03-23

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