CN101043933A - 反洗废液的减少 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种从液体悬浮液过滤固体的方法，其包括提供横跨浸在容纳于容器(8)中的所述液体悬浮液中的可渗透中空薄膜(5)的壁的压力差，液体悬浮液供给至所述多孔中空薄膜(5)的外表面，以诱导和维持经过薄膜壁的过滤。一些液体悬浮液经过薄膜(5)的壁，作为渗透液从中空薄膜内腔排出，以及至少一些固体保留在中空薄膜上或中空薄膜内，或者相反，作为悬浮固体保留在薄膜(5)周围的液体中。该方法包括下列步骤：中止液体悬浮液至容器(8)的流动；减少容器(8)内部的液体悬浮液体积；中止过滤处理；通过驱逐保留在薄膜(5)上或薄膜(5)内的至少一些固体，清洁薄膜(5)；和从容器(8)移除包含被驱逐固体的液体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及薄膜过滤系统，更尤其是涉及反洗这种系统期间所产生的废液的减少。
背景技术
在薄膜过滤操作中，通过液体或气体反洗定期清洗薄膜对保持薄膜的较长操作时间而不需要化学清洗处理是必不可少的。但是，在每次反洗期间，都会产生一定量的废液，这降低了进料液体回收，增加了对反洗废液后处理的需要。对于尤其是消费者不得不购买进料的消费工厂来说，进料回收是非常重要的工厂性能因数。
发明内容
依照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种从液体悬浮液过滤固体的方法，其包括：
(i)提供横跨浸在容纳于容器中的液体悬浮液中的可渗透中空薄膜的壁的压力差，所述液体悬浮液供给至所述多孔中空薄膜的外表面，以引起和维持经过薄膜壁的过滤，其中：
(a)一些液体悬浮液经过薄膜的壁，作为渗透液从中空薄膜内腔排出，和
(b)至少一些固体保留在中空薄膜上或中空薄膜内，或者相反，作为悬浮固体保留在薄膜周围的液体中，
(ii)中止液体悬浮液至所述容器的流动；
(iii)减少所述容器内部的液体悬浮液体积；
(iv)中止过滤处理；
(v)通过驱逐保留在薄膜上或薄膜内的至少一些固体来清洁薄膜；和
(vi)从所述容器移除包含被驱逐固体的液体。
优选地，清洗步骤包括反洗薄膜。更优选地，清洗步骤包括用气泡冲洗薄膜表面。优选地，通过继续从薄膜抽取渗透液，同时中止液体悬浮液至容器的流动，减少容器内部的液体悬浮液体积。优选地，继续抽取渗透液的步骤包括，对液体悬浮液施加气体压力，以帮助提供横跨薄膜壁的所述压力差。可以通过向液体悬浮液供给通风或冲洗气泡施加气体压力，或者通过向液体悬浮液施加独立气体压力源来施加气体压力。在另一个方面，可以通过使液体悬浮液倒流至容器来减少容器中的液体悬浮液体积。优选地，容器内部的液体悬浮液体积减少至预定液面水平(level)。作为参考，该预定液面水平足以使薄膜在冲洗和液体反洗期间保持浸于液体悬浮液中。
依照本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种从液体供给悬浮液去除固体的过滤系统，其包括：
(i)用于容纳所述液体供给悬浮液的容器；
(ii)用于提供液体供给悬浮液至容器的流动的装置；
(iii)位于容器内的多个可渗透中空薄膜；
(iv)用于提供横跨所述薄膜的壁的压力差的装置，以使一些液体悬浮液经过薄膜的壁，作为渗透液排出，同时至少一些固体保留在中空薄膜上或中空薄膜内，或者相反，作为悬浮固体保留在薄膜周围的液体中，
(v)用于从薄膜抽取渗透液的装置；
(vi)用于减少容器内的液体悬浮液体积的装置；
(vii)用于中止从薄膜抽取渗透液的装置；
(viii)用于通过从薄膜上驱逐至少一些所保留的固体以清洁薄膜的装置；
(ix)用于从容器移除包含固体的液体的装置。
通过预先滤出(filter down)进料侧供给水来改善进料回收的方法是根据增压薄膜过滤系统进行描述的。
这些方法使用通风气体或处理气体来推动进料液体通过薄膜，以生产滤液产品，减少反洗处理开始之前容器进料侧内部的液体体积。做为选择，在一些系统中，进料泵可以自动地重定向，以执行吸入操作，以向下拉动进料侧液面。通过使用这些方法中的一种方法，可以回收一部分进料侧液体，进料回收可达到99％以上。
附图说明
现在参照附图，通过举例对本发明的优选实施例加以说明，其中：
图1显示了依照本发明一个实施例的薄膜过滤模块的示意性侧视图；
图2显示了依照本发明第二实施例的薄膜过滤模块的示意性侧视图；
图3显示了依照本发明第三实施例的薄膜过滤模块的示意性侧视图；
图4显示了依照图3所示实施例的改进的薄膜过滤模块的示意性侧视图；
图5显示了进料回收与进料流量相对比在滤液面下降情况下和滤液面没有下降情况下的曲线图；和
图6显示了对于各种系统的进料回收的柱状图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，所示的典型增压纤维薄膜过滤模块4具有多个纤维薄膜5，纤维薄膜5在上、下端板6和7之间延伸，并安装在容器8内。供料经由管路9、10至容器8的供给由各自的阀AV1和AV2控制。可以通过口13、14和由滤液阀AV16控制的管路15、16从纤维5两端抽取滤液。
在优选实施例中，可以利用三种不同的方法实现滤出工序。
1)在过滤阶段的末尾，通风气体被引入进料侧，迫使过滤继续进行。由于至模块4的进料液体流动已中止，继续进行的过滤减少了薄膜5的进料侧上的剩余液体。要过滤的体积取决于各种因素。过滤的体积越大，反洗期间产生的废液越少。但是，如果留在进料容器8中的液体体积太小，气体冲洗可能不会产生效果，因为模块4没有全部浸没在进料液体中，所以反洗功效将受到影响。优选地，保留在进料容器8中的液面水平足以正好允许模块4在气体冲洗步骤期间全部浸没在进料液体中。
2)通过在进料侧将处理气体引入进料容器8，以使进料液体通过薄膜5流到滤液侧，也可以实现滤出。在这种情况下，进料侧压力可能较高，导致较快的处理步骤。
3)另一个可选方案是，在过滤阶段的末尾，反转进料泵17，以将进料容器8中的一些进料回吸至进料源，从而减少反洗后的排出体积。
现在参照如下所示的例子，将进一步描述各个可选方案。
用通风气体滤出
参照图1，在滤出和反洗之前，薄膜的进料或壳体侧借助于进料管路/排泄管路阀AV1、2、4、5保持相互隔离。滤液阀AV16保持开启。然后通风气体通过阀AV17和管路17注入模块4的下部，进料侧在通风气体压力的作用下增压。通风气体源(未显示)可以是压缩气体或风机空气。通过通风气体对进料侧的增压推动进料侧的进料液体穿过薄膜壁，并产生滤液，以公知的方式经由管路15、16抽取所述滤液。当通风气体通常为低压空气并不需要压力释放时，气体不断地注入到进料侧，直到产生所要求的滤液体积。
一旦完成滤出步骤，通风气体继续，系统进入正常反洗程序。
利用通风气体作为用于滤出的气体压力源的一个优点是，它有助于清除过滤阶段期间填充通风歧管的液体，减少通风开始时可能出现的分布不均。滤出步骤期间注入的气体也沿着薄膜表面行进，提供了常规的冲洗作用。
当将一流量计(未显示)布置在滤液侧时，流量计可用于累加滤出体积，并反馈至控制系统。流量计反馈可用于将滤出体积控制在一预定值。在没有流量计(未显示)位于滤液侧的情况下，可以用控制PLC程序执行累加程序，运用膜透性和可透性膜压(TMP)计算滤出体积，并将其控制至预定值。
用处理空气滤出。
利用通风气体滤出的一个缺陷是：传送至进料侧的压力受到限制。当由于操作的缘故滤液侧背压高时，通风气体不能传送足够高的可透性膜压(TMP)以在合理的时间范围内完成滤出步骤。在这样的情况下，如图2所示，处理气体可以向下调节至50到250kPa，并经由阀AV13和管路19进给至进料侧，以实现滤出步骤。当使用处理气体时，可以通过调节阀AV16的位置，控制TMP。在滤出期间，控制过滤流量，使之不超过正常过滤流量。当处理气体压力高时，滤出工序被分成两个步骤，以减少滤出一端的进料侧压力。在滤出工序的步骤1中，阀AV13和AV16开启，处理气体进入薄膜容器8的顶部分，推动液体通过薄膜壁。在滤出工序的步骤2中，阀AV13关闭，而阀AV16继续开启。进料侧保留的压缩气体继续推动液体通过薄膜壁。当进料侧液体体积减少时，进料侧气体压力也下降，从而达到所希望的滤出体积和/或进料侧压力。
将滤出工序分成两个步骤的另一个优点是，减少了压缩气体的耗费。类似于使用通风气体的滤出方法的方式，可利用滤液侧流量计或PLC可编程累加器来控制滤出工序。
用泵反转滤液吸入泵进行滤出
如图3所示，滤出也可以通过由泵17施加于薄膜内腔的滤液吸力来实现。可以安装一单独的吸入泵，作为专用滤出泵。如果系统具有液体反洗泵，则该泵可以反向旋转，以从纤维内腔中吸取滤液，从而降低进料容器8中的液面水平。作为选择，通过添加阀AV20和AV21，供给泵17也可以用作滤液吸入泵，以实现滤出步骤。该工序可以分成两个步骤。在第一步骤，阀AV16关闭，阀AV20和AV1开启，以提供从滤液侧到进料侧的再循环流动。该步骤的主要目的是，在将滤液传送至产品前，清洗进料泵17和相关管线。该步骤通常只持续几秒钟。为了提高清洗效率，阀AV21尽可能地靠近于泵的排出管路，并且位于阀AV1前面。一旦清洗了进料泵和管道，就可以启动滤出工序的步骤2，阀AV1关闭，而阀AV21开启。也可以由滤液流量计或PLC可编程滤液累加器(未显示)控制滤出体积。
通过利用该方法，并通过开启阀AV20和AV1，清洗进料泵和管道，以提供短时间段滤液至进料侧的再循环。
在该方法中，泵的使用允许有效地调节容器进料侧的液体的滤出。对控制阀AV21的位置进行控制，可达到所希望的滤出流速。当进料液体质量较差时，进料泵和管路不能够被很好地清洗以进行滤液的传送，这样，可以变更工序，将滤液传送至阀AV0前的进料歧管或进料中断柜中。在将滤液传送至进料歧管或中断柜的情况下，图4中显示了该工序。
另一个在反洗前节省进料侧液体的可行方法是：仅仅反转进料泵的流向，开启阀AV1、AV5和AV0，将进料侧液体返回至进料管路。
利用泵执行滤出步骤的优点是，可以显著地缩短滤出至所希望的反洗程度的时间。
利用该滤出工序，可以显著地减少反洗废液，并改善进料回收。使用该滤出的每一次反洗的反洗废液体积可以减少为没有使用该滤出的原有反洗废液体积的60％。图5显示了与在当前系统中没有滤出的回收相比，不同过滤流速下的进料回收。
将利用该系统的滤出工序的典型回收与另一个增压薄膜系统和图6中的一个浸没系统进行比较。
本说明书中的描述集中在中空纤维薄膜模块的从外向内过滤上。上述的原理和方法同样也可以应用于中空薄膜模块及诸如平板和螺旋卷绕模块的其它类型的薄膜模块的从内向外过滤模式。
应该明白，在不背离所述本发明的精神或范围的情况下，本发明可以有其它实施例和示例。
Claims (17)
1.一种从液体悬浮液过滤固体的方法，其包括：
(i)提供横跨浸在容纳于容器中的液体悬浮液中的可渗透中空薄膜的壁的压力差，所述液体悬浮液供给至所述多孔中空薄膜的外表面，以引起和维持经过薄膜壁的过滤，其中：
(a)一些液体悬浮液经过薄膜的壁，作为渗透液从中空薄膜内腔排出，和
(c)至少一些固体保留在中空薄膜上或中空薄膜内，或者相反，作为悬浮固体保留在薄膜周围的液体中，
(ii)中止液体悬浮液至所述容器的流动；
(iii)减少所述容器内部的液体悬浮液体积；
(iv)中止过滤处理；
(v)通过驱逐保留在薄膜上或薄膜内的至少一些固体来清洁薄膜；和
(vi)从所述容器移除包含被驱逐固体的液体。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，清洁步骤包括反洗薄膜。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，清洁步骤包括用气泡冲洗薄膜表面。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过继续从薄膜抽取渗透液，同时中止液体悬浮液至容器的流动，减少容器内部的液体悬浮液体积。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，继续抽取渗透液的步骤包括对液体悬浮液施加气体压力，以帮助提供横跨薄膜壁的所述压力差。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，通过向液体悬浮液供给通风或冲洗气泡来施加气体压力。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，施加气体压力的步骤包括向液体悬浮液施加单独的气体压力源。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过使液体悬浮液倒流至容器，减少容器中的液体悬浮液体积。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，容器内部的液体悬浮液体积减少至预定液面水平。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，该预定液面水平足以使薄膜在冲洗和液体反洗期间保持浸于液体悬浮液中。
11.一种从液体供给悬浮液移除固体的过滤系统，其包括：
(i)用于容纳所述液体供给悬浮液的容器；
(ii)用于提供液体供给悬浮液至容器的流动的装置；
(iii)位于容器内的多个可渗透中空薄膜；
(iv)用于提供横跨所述薄膜的壁的压力差的装置，以便使一些液体悬浮液经过薄膜的壁而作为渗透液排出，同时至少一些固体保留在中空薄膜上或中空薄膜内，或者相反，作为悬浮固体保留在薄膜周围的液体中，
(v)用于从薄膜抽取渗透液的装置；
(vi)用于减少容器内的液体悬浮液体积的装置；
(vii)用于中止从薄膜抽取渗透液的装置；
(viii)用于通过从薄膜上驱逐至少一些所保留的固体来清洁薄膜的装置；
(ix)用于从容器移除包含固体的液体的装置。
12.如权利要求11所述的过滤系统，其特征在于，清洁装置包括用于反洗薄膜的装置。
13.如权利要求11所述的过滤系统，其特征在于，清洁装置包括用气泡冲洗薄膜表面的装置。
14.如权利要求11所述的过滤系统，其特征在于，通过继续从薄膜抽取渗透液，同时中止液体悬浮液至容器的流动，减少容器内部的液体悬浮液体积。
15.如权利要求11所述的过滤系统，其特征在于，通过使液体悬浮液倒流至容器，减少容器中的液体悬浮液体积。
16.如权利要求11所述的过滤系统，其特征在于，容器内部的液体悬浮液体积减少至预定液面水平。
17.如权利要求11所述的过滤系统，其特征在于，该预定液面水平足以使薄膜在冲洗和液体反洗期间保持浸于液体悬浮液中。
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| AU2004905110 | 2004-09-07 | ||
| AU2004905110A AU2004905110A0 (en) | 2004-09-07 | Reduction of backwash liquid waste | |
| PCT/AU2005/001356 WO2006026814A1 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2005-09-07 | Reduction of backwash liquid waste |
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| CN101043933B CN101043933B (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
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| EP (1) | EP1807180B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4838248B2 (zh) |
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2005
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- 2005-09-07 AU AU2005282211A patent/AU2005282211B2/en active Active
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| NZ553596A (en) | 2010-10-29 |
| JP2008512219A (ja) | 2008-04-24 |
| CA2579168A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| CA2579168C (en) | 2015-06-23 |
| EP1807180A1 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
| US8790515B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
| WO2006026814A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| US20070227973A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
| EP1807180B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
| AU2005282211A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| AU2005282211B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
| EP1807180A4 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
| CN101043933B (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
| JP4838248B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
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