CN101059834A - QR two-dimensional bar code recognition method based on pickup head for chatting - Google Patents
QR two-dimensional bar code recognition method based on pickup head for chatting Download PDFInfo
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- CN101059834A CN101059834A CN 200710099877 CN200710099877A CN101059834A CN 101059834 A CN101059834 A CN 101059834A CN 200710099877 CN200710099877 CN 200710099877 CN 200710099877 A CN200710099877 A CN 200710099877A CN 101059834 A CN101059834 A CN 101059834A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a QR two-dimension bar code automatic recognize method based on chat camera, which can quickly and effectively recognize the QR two-dimension bar code read by general chat camera. The invention is not limited in special two-dimension bar code recognizer, to expand the limit condition of input bar code. For the QR bar code image under natural light, the invention designs a self-adaptive threshold division algorism to binary treat the bar code image. When accurately positioning four tops of the QR bar code, based on the character of a position detect image in the QR code, finds three tops, and when positioning the fourth top, using a digging algorism to dig the QR bar code image, to avoid the interference of internal points in Hough conversation, and for resolving the defects of traditional Hough conversation as large calculation and high spatial complexity, the invention designs a Hough conversation crossing known points. Based on the character that the QR code image is square in distortion, the invention uses control point conversation to correct geometry distortion, and uses dual-linear interpolation in gray interpolation in the conversation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electronic bar code automatic identification technology, (or claim the QR two-dimensional bar code to the quick response codes that generates according to GB GB/T 18284-2000 " quick response matrix code ", the QR two-dimensional bar is called for short QR Code or QR sign indicating number), discern automatically based on the pickup head for chatting of popularizing.
Background technology
The electronic bar code technology that generally adopts is bar code coding and automatic identification technology both at home and abroad, and common coded system has various standards such as EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A and UPC-E.Yet its contents amount is quite few, is only limited to use numeral, has not applied in the epoch of this information explosion and has used.Because the progress of infotech and hardware technology makes us be expanded the capacity of electronic bar code, thereby has produced the standard and the technology of two-dimensional bar code.Common two-dimensional bar code has various international standards such as PDF417, Data Matrix, MaxiCode and QR Code, except numeral and outer symbol, some coded systems that comprise QR Code also have can represent various countries' spoken and written languages information and image information, carry and contain much information, accurately describe article, antiforge function, do not rely on advantages such as Computer Database, thereby improved the application level of barcode technology, expanded application.
Quick response matrix code (QR Code) is representative two-dimensional bar code, the technical stipulation among the GB GB/T 18284-2000, " each QR code sign be made up of square modules a quadrate array constitute ".The QR code sign has 40 specifications, is respectively version 1, version 2 ... edition 40.The specification of version 1 is 21 modules * 21 modules, and the specification of version 2 is 25 modules * 25 modules, and the like, each version increases by four modules than the every limit of last version, and up to edition 40, its specification is 177 modules * 177 modules.
Domestic disclosure of the Invention instructions CN 1665182A discloses a kind of coding and interpretation method of QR two-dimensional bar code, and it is the time to have increased an encipheror at coding, corresponding contains a decrypted program in decoding module, has strengthened the security of information.The K mean cluster method (K-mean clustering) that its decoding module adopts when the bar code image binaryzation, the shortcoming of the method is that the initial centered value randomness of group is too strong, may enter endless loop, can not get expected result; This algorithm computation amount is big simultaneously, and elapsed time is many.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose to utilize the pickup head for chatting of having popularized to gather the QR two-dimensional bar code, with high discrimination, the method for automatically identifying and reading QR two-dimensional bar code fast and effeciently.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, technical scheme is as follows: the coloured image by camera collection is carried out gray processing handle; The self-adaption thresholding algorithm based on property of the histogram according to being proposed obtains bianry image; According to the special nature of position sensing figure (black: white: black: white: black=1: 1: 3: 1: 1) tentatively determine sign indicating number figure position and it is extracted; Utilize the characteristic of three position sensing figures to determine wherein three summits in four summits of QR two-dimensional bar code, employing hollows out the marginal information that algorithm obtains the QR two-dimensional bar code, utilizing the Hough conversion of known point to determine the 4th summit of bar code again, is that foursquare characteristic utilizes the reference mark converter technique to carry out geometry distrotion correction according to distortionless QR two-dimensional bar code; For obtaining the code word of bar code image, need obtain the row and the bar code module of row infall, the reference decoding algorithm that can provide with reference to GB GB/T18284-2000; Whether have correction graph decide version, and utilize positioning pattern to cut QR sign indicating number image if detecting, read mask information again and remove mask again, reads binary value character string and decoding at last in regular turn, just can obtain character string information.
The major technique characteristics are as follows:
(1) binaryzation
At first obtain the histogram of image behind the gray processing, it is carried out the histogrammic peak feature of medium filtering post analysis.If obtain obviously bimodal histogram, the intermediate value of getting bimodal trough minimum or smooth trough is carried out binaryzation as global threshold to bar code image.For histogram is unimodal, and unimodally be in low gray area, think that then bar code is under the low light level, otherwise bar code be under the high light, use the processing mode of secondary selection of threshold, the mean value of getting the central value of low gray area or high gray area and initial global threshold is as threshold value.Event histogram presents three peaks or multimodal state, illustrates that bar code is under the even or background complicated situation of uneven illumination, adopts the local threshold method to carry out binaryzation.
(2) hollow out algorithm
According to the characteristic of three position sensing figures of QR sign indicating number can the accurate localization bar code three summits.But the 4th summit located not the location and surveyed figure, and whether to have the black module also be uncertain at this place, summit.Earlier bar code is hollowed out for this reason, obtain marginal information, to using the interference of Hough conversion, the anglec of rotation that obtain this moment is more accurate at the point of having got rid of bar code inside.
Hollow out algorithm:, have only 0 and 255 two kind of gray scale because the QR sign indicating number is a width of cloth bianry image.So every point that is in yard figure center section all has black pixel point to have (gray-scale value is 0) on its four direction (upper and lower, left and right), can remove (gray-scale value becomes 255) this moment with this point.And can not there be black pixel point in the marginal portion on the four direction simultaneously, so the marginal information of QR sign indicating number figure can be extracted by this method.
(3) the Hough conversion of known point excessively
Crossing the improvement Hough transform method of known point, is on the basis of Hough transform-based present principles, and the ballot of pointwise to the entire parameter space is converted into the quick line detection method of only voting to " known point " parameter space.Its basic thought is: at first find a point that belongs on the straight line, with this known point p
0Coordinate be defined as (x
0, y
0), will pass through p
0Straight slope be defined as m, then the relation of coordinate and slope can be represented by the formula:
(y-y
0)＝m(x-x
0) (1)
Defined range internal object pixel p
iCoordinate be (x
i, y
i), (
N is regional internal object sum of all pixels), p then
iPoint and p
0The slope m of line between the point
iCan be represented by the formula:
m
i＝(y
i-y
0)/(x
i-x
0) (2)
Slope value is mapped on one group of totalizer, whenever try to achieve a slope, to make the value of its corresponding totalizer add 1, because the slope unanimity that the point on same straight line is tried to achieve, so when the straight line composition is arranged in the target area, local maximum appears in its corresponding totalizer, and this is worth the slope of pairing slope as asking straight line.
Work as x
i=x
0The time, m
iBe infinity, at this moment formula (2) is false.For fear of this phenomenon, work as x
i=x
0The time, make m
i=2, work as m
i＞1 or m
i, adopt the calculated value of following formula (3) to substitute m at＜-1 o'clock
i, the m of infinite field like this
i, be limited in the limited range of (1,3).Setting the slope interval when practical operation is [2,4].
m
i′＝1/m
i+2 (3)
The automatically identifying and reading method of QR Code two-dimensional bar code provided by the invention when comparing with aforementioned other known technology, has following advantage:
(1) do not need secondary light source, but to the bar code automatically identifying and reading under the natural lighting.
(2) the binaryzation algorithm since take into account image under different light various may with the real-time requirement, binaryzation that can fine realization image is cut apart, model is simple, threshold value is selected easily, processing speed is fast, space hold is few.
(3) hollow out algorithm and got rid of the bar code internal point to using the interference of Hough conversion, the Hough conversion of crossing known point is few with respect to traditional Hough calculated amount, and space complexity is low.
(4) geometric distortion of QR Code two-dimensional barcode image has been corrected in reference mark geometric transformation.
Description of drawings
Specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a QR Code structural drawing among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is position sensing figure among the present invention (Finder Patterns) structural drawing;
Fig. 3 is the wherein synoptic diagram on three summits of characteristic location bar code that utilizes the position sensing figure of QR sign indicating number among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram that hollows out algorithm among the present invention, and wherein (a) is the bar code image after the binaryzation, (b) is the image after hollowing out;
Fig. 5 crosses known point Hough conversion straight-line detection process synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of geometry distrotion correction among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the actual effect figure of geometry distrotion correction among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a bilinear interpolation schematic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram of decode system among the present invention.
Embodiment
(1) gray processing
Because QR sign indicating number image is made up of 0 or 1 black and white module, and by camera collection to be coloured image.Coloured image is comprising a large amount of information, and not only expense is very big in storage, and also can reduce the execution speed of system on handling.Because each pixel of image all has three different color components, there are many information that have nothing to do with identification, therefore be not easy to further discern work, in processing such as image being discerned, often coloured image changed into gray level image, with speed up processing.The process that is converted to gray level image by coloured image is called the gray processing processing.Gray level image is to have only strength information and the image that do not have colouring information.Because human eye is the highest to the susceptibility of green, the susceptibility of redness is taken second place, minimum to the susceptibility of blueness, through a large amount of practical experiences, it is 0.59 that people sum up green weights, and red weights are 0.30, blue weights are 0.11 o'clock, and the gray-scale map effect that obtains is best, the truest.Promptly
I＝0.59G+0.30R+0.11B
(2) self-adaption thresholding is handled
With the camera collection image time, owing to there is not secondary light source, the phenomenon of uneven illumination often exists, and at this moment adopts the threshold value of fixed single can't carry out correct image segmentation.On the one hand, the application requirements of bar code is real-time, considers user's request for utilization in addition, and consuming time thereby the decision image segmentation should not adopt, more algorithm takes up room.Therefore, the selected threshold processing is as the method for obtaining bianry image.
At first image behind the gray processing is carried out medium filtering, analyze its histogrammic peak feature then.If obtain obviously bimodal histogram, the intermediate value of getting bimodal trough minimum or smooth trough is carried out thresholding to bar code image and is handled as global threshold.For histogram is unimodal, and unimodally be in low gray area, think that then bar code is under the low light level, otherwise bar code be under the high light, use the processing mode of secondary selection of threshold, the mean value of getting the central value of low gray area or high gray area and initial global threshold is as threshold value.Event histogram presents three peaks or multimodal state, illustrates that bar code is under the even or background complicated situation of uneven illumination, adopts the local threshold method to carry out thresholding and handles.
(3) bar code location and extraction
Comprise three position sensing figure (Finder Patterns) A, B, C that size is identical with shape in the QR sign indicating number.Each detection figure (Fig. 2) is made up of 3 overlapping concentric squares, and the module width ratio is: black: white: black: white: black=1: 1: 3: 1: 1, to this decoding algorithm, the permissible variation of each module width was 0.5.They have the characteristics of unchangeability for the size of bar code image and rotation, and the possibility that occurs similar pattern simultaneously in glyph image is minimum, therefore can determine the position of detection figure rapidly by searching the zone of satisfying approximate ratio.Because the influence of edge fog in the image, the figure that meets the demands often more than 3, according to the distance relation between position sensing figure A, B, the C (A, B, C constitute approximate isosceles right triangle), can finally be determined the position sensing figure.We can obtain the center point coordinate (x of position sensing figure in this process simultaneously
A, y
A), (x
B, y
B), (x
c, y
c) and width (h
A, h
B, h
C) and height (w
A, w
B, w
c), according to x
A, y
A, x
B, y
B, x
C, y
CBetween magnitude relationship determine its position relation, the center point coordinate of position sensing figure is extended 1/2 of corresponding height and width outward adds certain surplus and can roughly determine the bar code zone, and it is extracted.
(4) correction of image geometric distortion and recovery
Utilize the characteristic of the position sensing figure of QR sign indicating number to obtain wherein three summits of bar code earlier, method is as follows:
1. from eight directions (as shown in Figure 3) in bar code zone by outside to inside scanning, when the black module of straight line and bar code has the intersection point more than 2 then to stop with straight line.
2. behind the end of scan on eight directions, can obtain 16 points at least.
3. those points that occur on both direction simultaneously are the summit.
After these steps are finished, with the summit that obtains more than 3 or 3.Because it is nearest that three summit branches are wherein taken leave of the distance of the central point of position sensing figure separately, like this can determine three summits again.But the 4th summit located not the location and surveyed figure, and whether to have the black module also be uncertain at this place, summit.Bar code is hollowed out (as shown in Figure 4) for this reason, obtain marginal information, to using the interference of Hough conversion, the anglec of rotation that obtain this moment is more accurate at the point of having got rid of bar code inside.At traditional Hough conversion, proposition utilized the line detection method of the Hough conversion of known point to detect bar edges simultaneously.
Crossing the improvement Hough transform method of known point, is on the basis of Hough transform-based present principles, and the ballot of pointwise to the entire parameter space is converted into the quick line detection method of only voting to " known point " parameter space.Its basic thought is: at first find a point that belongs on the straight line, with this known point p
0Coordinate be defined as (x
0, y
0), will pass through p
0Straight slope be defined as m, then the relation of coordinate and slope can be represented by the formula:
(y-y
0)＝m(x-x
0) (1)
Defined range internal object pixel p
iCoordinate be (x
i, y
i), (
N is regional internal object sum of all pixels), p then
iPoint and p
0The slope m of line between the point
iCan be represented by the formula:
m
i＝(y
i-y
0)/(x
i-x
0) (2)
Slope value is mapped on one group of totalizer, whenever try to achieve a slope, the value that makes its corresponding totalizer was added for 1 (as shown in Figure 5), because the slope unanimity that the point on same straight line is tried to achieve, so when the straight line composition is arranged in the target area, local maximum appears in its corresponding totalizer, and this is worth the slope of pairing slope as asking straight line.
Work as x
i=x
0The time, m
iBe infinity, at this moment formula (2) is false.For fear of this phenomenon, work as x
i=x
0The time, make m
i=2, work as m
i＞1 or m
i, adopt the calculated value of following formula (3) to substitute m at＜-1 o'clock
i, the m of infinite field like this
i, be limited in the limited range of (1,3).Setting the slope interval when practical operation is [2,4].
m
i′＝1/m
i+2 (3)
Concrete steps are as follows:
1. use to hollow out algorithm bar code is hollowed out, only stay its marginal information, as shown in Figure 4.
2. determine the orientation that the 4th summit be positioned at bar code (upper left, lower-left, upper right, bottom right) according to the position on three known summits relation.
3. utilize the Hough conversion to obtain the slope of these two boundary straight line with two summits adjacent as known point, obtain the 4th summit thereby utilize two straight lines to intersect with the 4th summit.
Utilize the conversion of the implementation space, reference mark of several energy representation features in the image, to reach the purpose of geometry correction.Consider that undistorted bar code is a square, and the bar code after the distortion can become general quadrilateral usually, like this; can utilize the square feature on 4 summits; as shown in Figure 6, with 4 summit A ' in the distorted image, B '; C ' and D ' (reference mark) are reduced into square A; B, C and D, simultaneously; when considering that anamorphose is not too big, use following conversion:
s(x，y)＝xk
1+yk
2+xyk
3+k
4 (4)
t(x，y)＝xk
5+yk
6+xyk
7+k
8 (5)
Above 8 unknown numbers are arranged in two formulas, after 4 some A ~ D coordinates after having determined on the original image 4 some A ' ~ D ' and coordinate transform, just can calculate 8 parameter k
1, k
2..., k
8Thereby realize by general quadrilateral to foursquare correction conversion.Another work of image transformation is the conversion that realizes pixel value, can carry out bilinear interpolation (as shown in Figure 8), supposes that promptly certain some coordinate in original image in the image is (x after the conversion
i', y
i'), and its 4 neighbors are respectively (x
I0', y
I0'), (x
I0', y
I1'), (x
I1', y
I1'), (x
I1', y
I1'), gray-scale value is respectively f
00, f
01, f
10, f
11, then the gray-scale value of this point can be expressed as:
f
xy＝(f
10-f
00)×(x
i′-x
i0′)+(f
01-f
00)×(y
i′-y
i0′)+(f
11+f
00-f
01-f
10)×(y
i′-y
i0′)+f
00
(6)
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the QR two-dimensional bar code reading method based on pickup head for chatting is characterized in that: the coloured image by camera collection is carried out gray processing; To image binaryzation, obtain black white image again; Survey the special nature of figure according to the QR code position: black: white: black: white: black=1: 1: 3: 1: 1, tentatively determine sign indicating number figure position and it is extracted; Utilize the characteristic of three position sensing figures to determine wherein three summits in four summits of QR two-dimensional bar code, employing hollows out the marginal information that algorithm obtains the QR two-dimensional bar code, utilizing the Hough conversion of known point to determine the 4th summit of bar code again, is that foursquare characteristic utilizes the reference mark converter technique to carry out geometry distrotion correction according to distortionless QR two-dimensional bar code; For obtaining the code word of bar code image, need obtain the row and the bar code module of row infall, the reference decoding algorithm that can provide with reference to GB GB/T18284-2000; Whether have correction graph decide version, and utilize positioning pattern to cut QR sign indicating number image if detecting, read mask information again and remove mask again, reads binary value character string and decoding at last in regular turn, just can obtain character string information.
2. the QR two-dimensional bar code reading method based on pickup head for chatting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: image binaryzation wherein adopts adaptive threshold binaryzation algorithm, determines the selection of threshold method according to the property of the histogram of image.
3. the QR two-dimensional bar code reading method based on pickup head for chatting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the algorithm that hollows out wherein is the point that all has black pixel point to exist on its upper and lower, left and right four direction to be satisfied in bar code image inside become white pixel.
4. the QR two-dimensional bar code reading method based on pickup head for chatting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the Hough conversion of crossing known point wherein is to use earlier to hollow out algorithm bar code is hollowed out, only remaining its marginal information, position relation according to three known summits is determined which orientation that the 4th summit is positioned at bar code, to utilize the Hough conversion to obtain the slope of these two boundary straight line as known point, obtain the 4th summit thereby utilize two straight lines to intersect with adjoining two summits, the 4th summit.
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