CN101091412B - 用于声音增强的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于声音增强的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101091412B
CN101091412B CN2005800342934A CN200580034293A CN101091412B CN 101091412 B CN101091412 B CN 101091412B CN 2005800342934 A CN2005800342934 A CN 2005800342934A CN 200580034293 A CN200580034293 A CN 200580034293A CN 101091412 B CN101091412 B CN 101091412B
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斯文·努德霍尔姆
凯文·费恩
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Sensear Pty Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了用于声音增强的装置和方法。该用于声音增强的装置具有构成定向麦克风阵列的至少两个麦克风(9)，该定向麦克风阵列被布置成指向声源方向。因此该定向麦克风阵列接收所述声源所发出的声音并生成声音信号。处理器(20)处理由所述定向麦克风阵列生成的声音信号，以相对于所述定向麦克风阵列所接收到的其他声音来增强所述定向麦克风阵列从所述声源接收的声音。处理器(20)生成对应的增强信号(ES)。扬声器(22)将所述增强信号再现为可听见的声音。此外，设置有声音抑制装置(7、7a)以抑制环境声音到达用户的耳鼓。该声音抑制与用于增强SOI的定向麦克风阵列和处理器(20)协同起作用，从而提供了SOI被增强的收听环境。

Description

用于声音增强的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及在不利的声环境中进行语音通信的领域，所述不利的声环境例如是拥挤的地方、旅馆、迪斯科舞厅、夜总会、工业环境以及其他嘈杂的环境。然而，本发明并不限应用于需要改进语音通信的嘈杂环境，还有如下应用：在存在（然而是不需要的）其他声音的环境中增强特定声音。
背景技术
在当今的社会中职业健康受到严重关注，并且人们越来越多地意识到身体健康。为了减轻在嘈杂环境中的潜在听力损害，可以容易地得到不同形式的听力保护。但是，使用这些听力保护装置对人们倾听从而进行交流的能力有负面影响。
期望听到的声源除了是人的语音之外，其他环境或情况也可能需要人在存在干扰该过程的多余噪声的环境中听到除了人的语音之外声音。如上所述的类似讨论也适用于这些情况。因此，虽然在通常的情况下期望听到的是透过环境中的其他声音的人的语音，但是期望听到的声音也可以不是人的语音。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种用于声音增强的装置，该装置包括：
至少两个麦克风，其构成定向麦克风阵列，所述定向麦克风阵列被布置成指向声源方向以接收所述声源所发出的声音并生成声音信号，处理装置，用于处理由所述定向麦克风阵列生成的声音信号，以相对于所述定向麦克风阵列所接收到的其他声音来增强所述定向麦克风阵列从所述声源接收的声音，并生成对应的增强信号，
扬声器装置，用于将所述增强信号再现为可听见的声音，以及
声音抑制装置，其被布置成位于用户的各个耳朵的邻近处以抑制到达所述用户的耳鼓的环境声音，所述声音抑制装置能够提供至少15dB的声音抑制。
更优选的是，所述声音抑制装置提供的声音抑制的范围为从大致15dB到大致50dB。
优选的是，所述处理装置提供根据声源所处环境中的环境声音的量级而对所述定向麦克风阵列所生成的声音信号进行的自适应处理。
优选的是，所述处理装置提供对所述定向麦克风阵列所生成的声音信号进行的空间处理、时间处理和后处理。
优选的是，将所述扬声器装置布置成设置在所述装置的用户的耳朵邻近处。
所述声音抑制装置可以被设置成一对耳罩。
另选或者另外地，所述声音抑制装置可以被设置成一对耳塞。
在一个实施例中，将麦克风设置在各个声音抑制装置的邻近处。
优选的是，设置有控制器电路装置，其被布置为在所述增强信号被馈送到所述扬声器装置之前接收所述增强信号，所述控制器电路被布置为在由与所述声音抑制装置邻近地设置的所述麦克风所生成的声音信号被馈送到所述扬声器装置之前接收所述声音信号，其中所述控制器电路装置生成抵消信号以抵消所述麦克风所生成的声音信号，从而削弱这些声音在所述扬声器装置处的再现。
所述控制器电路装置包括用于各个扬声器装置的对应的控制器电路。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于声音增强的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
接收由声源发出的声音信号，并且至少两个麦克风构成定向麦克风阵列，
生成与在所述定向麦克风阵列处接收到的声音相对应的声音信号，
处理在所述麦克风阵列处生成的声音信号，以相对于所述定向麦克风阵列所接收到的其他声音来增强所述定向麦克风阵列从所述声源接收的声音，
生成对应的增强信号，
将所述增强信号再现为可听见的声音，以及
抑制环境声音至少15dB，使其不被听到。
更优选的是，抑制环境声音的步骤提供的声音抑制的范围为从大致15dB到大致50dB。
优选的是，处理所述声音信号的步骤包括根据声源所处环境中的环境声音的量级而对所述定向麦克风阵列所生成的声音信号进行自适应处理。
优选的是，处理所述声音信号的步骤包括对所述定向麦克风阵列所生成的声音信号进行空间处理、时间处理和后处理。
优选的是，所述方法还包括如下步骤：对代表未被抑制的环境声音的声音信号进行处理，并且生成抵消信号以抵消所述未被抑制的环境声音，从而削弱这些声音的再现。
本发明的一些实施例提供了用于抑制外部噪声的有源和无源头戴式耳机的组合以及用于对期望听到的声音进行空间选择性接收并用于声音增强的多麦克风系统。头戴式耳机的有源部分（处理器和控制器电路）抑制外部声音的低频内容，而头戴式耳机的无源部分（耳罩和耳塞）抑制高频内容。该多麦克风系统包括高定向性麦克风阵列，其对期望听到的声音（例如说话者的语音）的观看方向具有在空间上的增益选择性，并且抑制从所有其他方向接收声音。所提到的说话者的观看方向指的是该装置的用户在面对所述说话者（即，声源）时进行观看的方向。还利用后滤波技术来进一步改进噪声抑制并且进一步增强语音。该头戴式耳机还可整合无线通信系统，从而与移动电话或IP语音系统进行整合。
在一个实施例中，可将本发明用作有源/无源耳罩的一个整合部分，用于在保护用户免受高电平噪声影响的同时提供高质量的语音输入信号。耳罩结合低频范围内的有源噪声衰减，从而有助于语音增强技术以其最佳能力工作。对多麦克风阵列技术的使用在低频范围内给出的空间分辨率低，因此在200Hz以下，语音信号被阻挡。在低频范围内进行必要的抑制是很重要的。
在另一实施例中，可将本发明整合到安全头盔（安全帽）中，从而可以在工业噪声环境条件下工作。本申请允许将其他功能整合在头盔中，这些功能诸如RFID、温度、湿度、运动传感和GPS。
在本发明的这些实施例中，语音增强技术根据形成定向麦克风阵列的至少两个麦克风元件来采用空间处理。在麦克风阵列中设置至少两个麦克风元件使得麦克风阵列所接收的声音具有方向性，即空间分离。
处理技术的类别可以是盲信号分离（BSS）、自适应束形成（ABF）或多信道谱相减。为了进一步增强信号，可以结合后滤波技术。期望尽可能完好地保持期望的语音信号同时抑制不期望的信号。这样，该处理技术包括空间性质、谱性质、源分布以及噪声特性。还期望该处理提供低延迟处理，并且期望耳罩抑制听力范围内的噪声信号，从而在耳鼓创建相对无噪声的环境，该环境在保持高清晰度的同时使期望的语音信号可以注入。
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过示例描述本发明，在附图中：
图1是并入佩戴者所佩戴的头戴式耳机中的本发明的一个实施例；
图2是并入安全头盔中的本发明的第二实施例；
图3示出了并入头戴式耳机中的本发明的一个实施例的示意图；
图4示出了图3所示的头戴式耳机的处理器功能的实施例；以及
图5示出了并入佩戴者佩戴在其下巴下的头带耳塞的本发明的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了并入头戴式耳机（headset）3中的本发明的实施例。该头戴式耳机包括头带5和一对耳罩7。扬声器22设置在耳罩7中。可将高定向麦克风9设置在头带5上以形成定向麦克风阵列。这种高定向麦克风9接收从麦克风9的前方直接靠近的声音信号比接收从其他方向（诸如从麦克风9的后方、侧面、上方或下方）靠近的声音更为灵敏。将至少两个这种麦克风9设置成阵列提供了对接收到的声音进行空间区分以进行处理的能力，这一点稍后将在本文中进行描述。使用呈阵列的多于两个的这种麦克风9提高了对声音进行空间区分的能力。图1中示出了四个这种高定向麦克风9。麦克风9指向头戴式耳机3的佩戴者面向声源的方向。
耳罩7设置有垫8。垫8是柔性的并且在佩戴者的耳朵周围与佩戴者的头相符。耳罩7抑制来自声源所处环境的环境声音到达佩戴者的耳鼓。耳罩对声音的抑制至少为15dB。15dB的声音抑制通常足以抑制环境（诸如嘈杂的餐馆）中的多余声音。在更嘈杂的环境中，期望更大量级的抑制。例如，在诸如夜总会的环境中，期望大约30dB的抑制。在甚至更嘈杂的其他环境中，将会需要更大的抑制。环境声音的量级非常高的某些环境（例如在飞机或其他工业环境附近），期望大约50dB的抑制。
图2示出了并入安全头盔15中的本发明的实施例。高定向麦克风被示出为位于头盔15的边沿16上。
提供图1和2所示的实施例是为了例示如何将本发明并入头戴式耳机和安全头盔中。可以进行进一步的细化以使得能够以声学上适当的方式将麦克风9嵌入头戴式耳机3和安全头盔15的结构中。这将减小由愿意增强本发明的操作的佩戴者所引起的振动和自生成噪声。此外，可将麦克风9嵌入头戴式耳机3和安全头盔15以帮助麦克风9按使得主要从佩戴者面向的方向（即，“观看方向”，其通常是声源的方向）拾取声音的方式来拾取声音。
图5所示的实施例示出了将本发明并入头带耳塞中的方式。麦克风9形成定向麦克风阵列9a。麦克风阵列9a由头带5a支承。耳塞8a设置在头带5a的端部。耳塞8a可以是具有内置扬声器22a的软耳机的形式。
也可采用耳塞8和耳罩7的组合。同时使用耳塞8a和耳罩7提供了对声音的更大抑制。该抑制可以是大约50dB。
图2还示出了另一麦克风10。麦克风10是可整合到安全头盔15中的无线通信系统的一部分。可将形成该通信系统的一部分的天线并入安全头盔15中。该通信系统使得头戴式耳机3或安全头盔15的佩戴者能够与遥远的对方进行通信。然而，其自身并不是本发明的操作所需要的。
此外，虽然头戴式耳机3、安全头盔15和头带耳塞示出了麦克风9与其结合，但是麦克风9可以与佩戴者所佩戴的头戴式耳机3、安全头盔15或头带耳塞分立地设置。不过麦克风9将被定向为使其指向声音要被增强的声源的方向。如已在此描述的，声源通常是说话的人并且要增强的声音是此人的语音，从而佩戴头戴式耳机或安全头盔15的人更容易听见。
参照图3可以看出，头戴式耳机3包含四个或更多个麦克风9，这些麦克风9由于其空间位置而具有不同功能。麦克风9是指向头戴式耳机3的佩戴者的观看方向的定向麦克风。阵列中的各个麦克风9都接收到感兴趣的声音信号（即，来自声源的声音）以及多余的（噪声）信号。处理器（或语音增强器）20将空间信息、非静止信息、时间信息、（噪声）包络分布信息和谱信息进行组合以增强感兴趣信号（SOI）。处理器20包括测量装置，该测量装置跟踪背景噪声的统计数据，并基于背景噪声和SOI的不同统计性质和空间差异来区分背景噪声和SOI。与处理器20的子频带滤波器组所执行的谱分析相结合，从多个麦克风9获得的空间信息对于此目的是有益的。这使得可以进行信号分析并改进处理器20所执行的空间处理。此外，因为设置有两个扬声器22，所以该布置使得方向信息还有周围环境的信息可以包括在信号中。然后将增强的信号ES馈送至两个扬声器22。
将麦克风24/24a安装得靠近各个扬声器22。它们的任务是拾取噪声，即，穿透耳罩7或耳塞7a的环境声音，并将其通过各个控制器电路23馈送给扬声器22。这样，就在麦克风的位置处创建了虚拟静音。还将增强的信号ES馈送给控制器电路23。控制器电路23采取动作以抵消馈送给它的信号中的噪声。控制器电路23生成与麦克风24/24a所拾取的环境声音相对应的信号（被称为抵消信号）。将该抵消信号馈送给扬声器22，从而抵消穿透耳罩7或耳塞7a的环境声音。因为来自语音增强器20的输出被加到反馈中（即，加到控制器电路23），所以如果反馈回路的增益大，则所述输出未被激活的头戴式耳机抑制。
在其他实施例中，可以省略麦克风24/24a。在如下的情况下可以这样做：穿透耳罩7或耳塞7a的多余噪声没有达到需要抵消的量级。在这种情况下，可将处理器20所生成的增强信号ES直接馈送到扬声器22。
图4示出了处理器20的声音增强处理。通常，要增强的声音是人的语音，所以该处理在此还被称为语音增强。语音增强处理分为三个主要部分：空间处理101、时间处理102和后处理103。空间处理101按如下方式利用空间差分技术：如果SOI在空间上位于与噪声的位置不同的位置，则可以通过空间滤波器将其分离。该空间技术将麦克风中的信息分离成表示不同空间位置的多个信号。因为无法完美地执行该技术，所以在用于SOI的空间滤波器的输出中仍然存在要抑制的剩余噪声。因此，使用时间处理102来进一步加强噪声抑制。为了避免SOI抵消，该处理应该是仅当SOI未激活时才适配噪声抵消器的受控处理。时间处理102还包括自适应处理，该自适应处理提供依赖于背景中的噪声电平的变化的处理。为了进一步增强信号，执行后处理103。后处理103使用一种信道增强技术，诸如谱相减。同样，在频域中执行该处理以得到计算效率高的解。
在整个说明书中，除非上下文需要，否则词语“包括”将被理解为意味着包括规定的整数或整数组，但是不排除任何其他整数或整数组。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的修改和变型被视为落入本发明的范围之内。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于高噪声环境中的声音增强的耳罩或耳塞装置，该耳罩或耳塞装置包括：
（i）至少两个麦克风，其构成定向麦克风阵列，所述定向麦克风阵列被布置成指向佩戴者的观看方向以接收感兴趣的声音信号和噪声信号并生成相对应的声音信号；
（ii）处理装置，用于处理由所述定向麦克风阵列生成的声音信号，以相对于所述定向麦克风阵列所接收到的其他声音来增强所述感兴趣的声音信号，并生成对应的增强信号，以经由扬声器装置展现给所述佩戴者；
（iii）扬声器装置，用于向所述佩戴者展现所述对应的增强信号；以及
（iv）耳罩或耳塞形式的无源的声音抑制装置，其被布置成位于所述佩戴者的各个耳朵的邻近处以抑制到达所述佩戴者的耳鼓的环境声音，所述耳罩或耳塞能够提供至少15dB的声音抑制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，所述声音抑制装置提供的声音抑制的范围为从15dB到50dB。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，所述处理装置提供根据感兴趣的声音信号源所处环境中的环境声音的量级而对所述定向麦克风阵列所生成的声音信号进行的自适应处理。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，所述处理装置提供对所述定向麦克风阵列所生成的声音信号进行的空间处理、时间处理和后处理。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，将所述扬声器装置布置成设置在所述耳罩或耳塞装置的所述佩戴者的耳朵的邻近处。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，所述声音抑制装置是以所述耳罩和所述耳塞的组合的形式。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，在各无源的声音抑制装置的邻近处设置有另外的麦克风。
8.根据权利要求7所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，设置有控制器电路装置，其被布置为在所述增强信号被馈送到所述扬声器装置之前接收所述增强信号，并且所述控制器电路装置被布置为在由所述另外的麦克风所生成的声音信号被馈送到所述扬声器装置之前接收所述声音信号，其中所述控制器电路装置生成抵消信号以抵消所述另外的麦克风所生成的声音信号，从而削弱这些声音在所述扬声器装置处的再现。
9.根据权利要求8所述的耳罩或耳塞装置，其特征在于，所述控制器电路装置包括用于各个扬声器装置的对应的控制器电路。
10.一种用于高噪声环境中的用户的声音增强的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
（i）使用至少两个麦克风接收感兴趣的声音信号和噪声信号，该至少两个麦克风构成定向麦克风阵列，所述定向麦克风阵列被布置成指向所述用户的观看方向，
（ii）生成与在所述定向麦克风阵列处接收到的声音相对应的声音信号，
（iii）处理所生成的声音信号，以相对于所述噪声信号来增强所述感兴趣的声音信号，并生成对应的增强信号，
（iv）将所述增强信号向所述用户再现为可听见的声音，以及
（v）无源地抑制环境声音至少15dB，使其不被所述用户听到。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述抑制环境声音的步骤提供的声音抑制的范围为从15dB到50dB。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述处理所生成的声音信号的步骤包括：根据声源所处环境中的环境声音的量级而进行自适应处理。
13.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述处理所生成的声音信号的步骤包括：空间处理、时间处理和后处理。
14.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括如下步骤：对代表未被抑制的环境声音的声音信号进行处理，并且生成抵消信号以抵消所述未被抑制的环境声音，从而削弱这些声音的再现。
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