CN101238347B - 执行光学相干层析术中的基于偏振的正交解调的设备、方法和存储介质 - Google Patents

执行光学相干层析术中的基于偏振的正交解调的设备、方法和存储介质 Download PDF

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CN101238347B
CN101238347B CN2006800286977A CN200680028697A CN101238347B CN 101238347 B CN101238347 B CN 101238347B CN 2006800286977 A CN2006800286977 A CN 2006800286977A CN 200680028697 A CN200680028697 A CN 200680028697A CN 101238347 B CN101238347 B CN 101238347B
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本杰明·J·瓦科奇
尹锡贤
吉列尔莫·J·蒂尔尼
布雷特·尤金·鲍马
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    • G01J9/00Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
    • G01J9/02Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
    • G01J2009/0261Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods polarised
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    • G01N21/274Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction

Abstract

设备、方法和存储介质,其可向样品130提供至少一个第一电磁辐射并且向参考提供至少一个第二电磁辐射,使得第一和/或第二电磁辐射具有随时间变化的谱。此外,第一辐射所关联的至少一个第三辐射405的第一偏振分量可与第二辐射所关联的至少一个第四辐射400的第二偏振分量彼此相组合。第一和第二偏振可被特定控制为彼此至少近似正交。设备和方法用于扫掠源傅立叶域光学相干层析术的正交检测。

Description

执行光学相干层析术中的基于偏振的正交解调的设备、方法和存储介质
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于并要求了2005年8月9日提交的美国专利申请序列号60/708,271的优先权,通过引用将该美国专利申请的全部公开内容合并于此。
关于联邦赞助研究的声明
实现本发明的研究至少部分得到美国国立卫生研究院的支持,财政补贴号为R33 CA110130和R01 HL076398。因此,美国政府可具有本发明的某些权利。
技术领域
本发明涉及基于光学相干层析技术处理信号的设备、方法和存储介质,尤其涉及可用于混浊的、半混浊的和透明的样品(包括各种生物样品)的高分辨率横截面成像的傅立叶域光学相干层析信号的解调。
背景技术
光学相干层析(“OCT”)技术通常提供分辨率在几微米到几十微米级的生物样品的横截面图像。传统OCT技术如时域OCT(“TD-OCT”)技术可通常使用低相干干涉测量过程来实现样品内的深度范围确定。与之相比,傅立叶域OCT(“FD-OCT”)技术可使用谱雷达过程来实现样品内的深度范围确定。FD-OCT技术由于改进了信噪比性能和省去了机械扫描干涉仪参考臂而允许更高的成像速度。在FD-OCT系统中标准地实施光谱范围确定技术不提供区别相对于干涉测量路径匹配深度作出正和负位移的物体的能力。这种可能的深度简并(或者称为复共轭模糊)可将样品内的成像深度限制为正或负深度(这可防止深度范围确定模糊),从而将固有成像深度有效减小了预定因数(例如二分之一)。
FD-OCT系统中的深度简并的原因可能是只检测样品臂和参考臂之间的通常为复数的干涉条纹的实部。如果检测复干涉图,则可消除或至少减小上述深度简并。已实施了各种解调技术来允许测量复干涉图。这样的传统技术包括相移技术、熔融型3×3耦合器解调技术和频移技术。相移技术通常使用干涉仪中的有源相位调制器元件来动态调节样品臂和参考臂之间的相对相位。可测量并组合不同相移的多个干涉图以产生复干涉图。这种传统技术的缺点之一是干涉图是按时间先后顺序测量的。这种类型的测量降低了系统成像速度,并且使得干涉仪中的相移使测量精确度劣化。熔融型3×3耦合器可在相对于彼此而相移的3个输出端口中的每一个上产生干涉图。该相移可取决于耦合比率。例如,如果相对相位关系是已知的,则可检测并重组这些输出以产生复干涉图。在许多要求精确解调的干涉仪解调机制中,使用高温度、波长和偏振灵敏度的熔融型3×3(通常为熔融型N×N)耦合器受到限制。传统频移技术已成功应用于光学频域成像系统。然而,未曾见到在SD-OCT系统中使用这些技术。这种情况的一个原因是:这样的频移技术通常利用有源元件,并且具有潜在有限的光学带宽。此外,这些技术通常不与用以去除源扫掠非线性的非线性触发直接兼容。
因此,需要克服上述缺陷。
发明内容
为了解决和/或克服上述问题和/或缺陷,提供了根据本发明的系统、方法和软件设置的示例实施例,用于执行FD-OCT干涉测量输出的全光学无源正交解调。可利用特定光学元件在光学上产生复干涉图的正交分量。这些正交输出的检测和适当重组可允许测量复干涉图。这样,本发明的示例实施例帮助消除了或至少减小了由深度简并导致的图像范围限制。
当在光学频域成像(“OFDI”)系统中使用时,本发明的示例实施例允许用于去除或减小源强度噪声的平衡检测以及偏振分集检测。本发明的示例实施例可与非线性触发相组合以便帮助例如大为减少后处理需求,这对于高速成像是重要的。
当与SD-OCT系统一起使用时,本发明的示例实施例帮助增大(例如加倍)成像深度范围。
因此,根据本发明的一个示例实施例,一种设备、方法和存储介质,其可向样品提供至少一个第一电磁辐射并且向参考提供至少一个第二电磁辐射,使得第一和/或第二电磁辐射具有随时间变化的谱。此外,第一辐射所关联的至少一个第三辐射的第一偏振分量可与第二辐射所关联的至少一个第四辐射的第二偏振分量彼此相组合。第一和第二偏振可被特定控制为彼此至少近似正交。
此外,可检测根据第一和第二偏振分量之间的干涉得出的至少一个信号。可根据预定数据将该信号和/或另外信号分别修改为第一经修改信号和/或第二经修改信号。可获得作为该信号和/或另外信号的多个信号,可确定该多个信号的统计特性,且可基于该统计特性得出该预定数据。
根据本发明的另一个示例实施例,第一和第二经修改信号的相位差可比该信号和/或第一信号的相位之间的差更接近约np+p/2,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。该干涉和另外干涉的相位可彼此大为不同。该干涉和另外干涉的相位差可基本上是np+p/2,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。第三辐射的至少一部分和第四辐射可具有相对于彼此的至少一个延迟,且可根据该延迟、该信号和另外信号来产生图像。该延迟可包括至少一个正段和至少一个负段,且可区别该图像的具有正和负段的至少诸部分。可测量该延迟的符号和量值。
根据本发明的再一个实施例,一种装置、方法和存储装置可向样品提供至少一个第一电磁辐射并且向参考提供至少一个第二电磁辐射,使得第一和/或第二电磁辐射具有随时间变化的谱。此外,第一信号可根据第一辐射所关联的至少一个第三辐射和第二辐射所关联的至少一个第四辐射之间的第一干涉来产生,且第二信号可根据关联的第三辐射和第四辐射之间的第二干涉来产生。第一和第二干涉可彼此不同。可提供一种关联有双折射的装置,用于根据双折射来特定控制第一和第二干涉的不包括np在内的相位差,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
通过阅读以下结合所附权利要求对本发明诸实施例的详细描述,本发明的这些和其它目的、特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
根据以下结合示出本发明的说明性实施例的附图进行的详细描述,本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将变得显而易见,在附图中:
图1a是FD-OCT系统示意图的示例实施例的框图;
图2是根据本发明的使用块状光学部件的基于偏振的解调光学装置的示例实施例的框图;
图3是被修改为允许用于减去源噪声的平衡检测的图2中的装置的另一个示例实施例的框图;
图4是被修改为允许平衡检测和偏振分集检测二者的图3中的装置的又一个示例实施例的框图;
图5是可与图4中的装置在功能上等价并且被修改为大部分或全部使用纤维光学部件的光学解调装置的另一个示例实施例的框图;
图6是被修改为合并了用于校准任何在图2-5中示出的示例装置的相位调制器的根据本发明的FD-OCT系统的再一个示例实施例的框图;
图7是用于校准本发明的示例系统以及操作这些系统的根据本发明的示例方法的示例实施例的流程图;
图8是可使用任何根据本发明的示例解调光学装置的根据本发明的OFDI系统的一个示例实施的框图;
图9A-9D是从图8中的示例系统接收到的示例所测得A线(A-Iines)的曲线图;
图10A是在有和没有啁啾时钟的情况下示出的示例所测得轴向点扩展函数的曲线图;
图10B是对于无啁啾(例如恒定电压曲线)时钟和啁啾时钟的示例压控振荡器(“VCO”)驱动波形的曲线图;以及
图11A和11B分别是在使用和不使用复解调的情况下的人皮肤图像。
在所有附图中,除非另有说明,使用相同的参考数字和字符来表示诸图示实施例中同样的特征、元件、部件或部分。而且,将参考附图并结合说明性实施例对本发明进行详细描述。意图是可在不背离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的真实范围和精神的情况下对所描述的实施例进行改变和修改。
具体实施方式
本发明的示例实施例的理论
傅立叶域OCT技术通常使用谱雷达技术实现深度范围确定,在谱雷达技术中,来自样品的反射与参考臂干涉,且所得干涉图可作为光波长的函数而被测量。图1示意性示出了根据本发明的FD-OCT系统的示例实施例。图1中的示例系统包括源100,源100产生输出,耦合器105将该输出分到样品臂和参考臂中。样品臂光可被引导至待成像样品130。可使用聚焦透镜125来实现高横向分辨率。来自此样品的反射由同一光纤收集,并返回,经过第二耦合器115到输出耦合器110。参考臂光被输入到此输出耦合器110的另一个端口上。接收器120将干涉作为波长的函数来进行检测。在根据本发明的OFDI系统的示例实施例中,此接收器可以是单个光电接收器,该单个光电接收器将输出作为时间的函数来进行检测,同时窄带源将其输出波长作为时间的函数来进行扫掠。在根据本发明的SD-OCT系统的示例实施例中,该接收器可以是光谱仪,其通过使用光栅和行扫描相机来记录许多波长的功率。对于深度z处的反射(其中z=0对应于样品臂光和参考臂光之间的零路径长度失配),作为波数k的函数的接收器输出的干涉项可由下式给出:
Figure S2006800286977D00051
其中P(k)是源功率,Rref是包括从源到接收器的耦合损耗的参考臂功率透射率,Rs是由深度z处的反射导致的样品臂功率反射率,
Figure 2006800286977_0
z是样品臂反射率的相位。
反射的幅度和深度可由作为波数的函数的所测得信号的量值和频率给出。对适当减去了非干涉测量项的检测到的条纹进行傅立叶变换(FT)可得到作为深度的函数的复反射率a(z):
a(z′)=FT(S(k))
以所得频率(正频率或负频率)的符号来对深度位置的符号(z的符号)进行编码。由于S(k)是实数值,所以会难以区分正和负频率。因此,可能不能区分+z处的反射率和-z处的反射率。这是产生傅立叶域OCT技术的深度简并的原因。检测正交输出(例如相位彼此相位差90°的干涉信号)可去除此深度简并。考虑检测正交分量SQ(k)和SI(k),
Figure S2006800286977D00052
Figure S2006800286977D00053
根据上式复信号
Figure S2006800286977D00054
可形成为:
Figure S2006800286977D00055
且深度反射率
Figure S2006800286977D00061
可通过对此复信号进行傅立叶变换给出:
a ~ ( z ′ ) = FT ( S ~ ( k ) )
由于
Figure S2006800286977D00063
是复数,所以有可能区分正和负频率,并因此消除正和负深度之间的简并。在传统FD-OCT系统中,图像深度被限制于正深度以防止正和负深度的信号之间的简并/模糊。这样的传统系统中的最大成像范围受到条纹冲蚀(washout)的限制,条纹冲蚀是增大深度导致的信号幅度减小。于是,传统FD-OCT系统中的成像深度在z=0到z=+z1之间。使用根据本发明的复解调技术的示例实施例,可减小或去除深度简并,这允许从-z1到+z1发生成像,从而提供了传统FD-OCT系统的图像深度范围的两倍。
光学解调回路/装置的示例实施例
根据本发明的示例实施例,可提供一种光学回路/装置,用于产生可用于复解调的正交信号SQ(k)和SI(k)。图2示出了一个这样的示例实施例,其涉及一种光学解调回路/装置。在此示例回路装置中,参考臂光由准直光学器件415准直,并被引导至偏振分束器(“PBS”)420的第一端口420b。偏振控制器401使得参考臂光能够反射到输出端口420c。此示例回路/装置所产生的样品臂405光由准直光学器件410准直,并被引导至PBS 420的第二输入端口420a。样品臂中的S偏振光可被引导至输出端口420c。经组合的参考和样品臂光传播至分束器(例如非偏振分束器)425,分束器425可将该光分裂成基本上相等的部分,到输出端口425a、425b。端口425a上输出的光穿过第一双折射元件430,然后到偏振器435,偏振器435的取向使得透射偏振态处在像平面的法向上。然后该光由输出光纤460通过聚焦光学器件450收集。随后此收集光由检测器461检测,检测器461可包括适用于谱域OCT系统的光谱仪或适用于光学频域成像系统的单个光电接收器。相似的分析可应用于从端口425b出射的光,该光可到达双折射元件(1)440,最终由检测器466进行检测。
对于位置z处单个反射率而言的输出2上的检测到的干涉信号可提供为:
Figure S2006800286977D00064
其中B2(k)和x2(k)是双折射元件2 430的函数。光纤465上的输出1可类似提供为:
Figure S2006800286977D00071
其中B1(k)和x1(k)是双折射元件(1)440的函数。适当选择双折射元件可便利于输出相对相移为90°的信号。例如,如果双折射元件(1)440被选择为四分之一波片,其取向为快或慢轴与像平面法向矢量成45°,且双折射元件(2)430被选择为45°法拉第旋转器,那么输出之间的相位差x2(k)-x1(k)约为90°,且B1(k)=B2(k),由此提供下式:
Figure S2006800286977D00072
Figure S2006800286977D00073
本领域普通技术人员应理解,可使用双折射元件(1)和(2)的其它组合来产生正交信号,且亦可调节偏振器445、435的取向以产生正交信号。这些信号可在检测后被组合以产生根据本发明的复干涉信号。
图3示出了被配置为实现带有用于从样品中去除自相关噪声以及源强度噪声的平衡检测的正交检测的根据本发明的解调光学回路/装置的另一个示例实施例。除了图4中的偏振器已由偏振分束器(PBS)立方体500、530代替之外,图3中的装置的工作基本上相似于图2中的装置的工作。可检测PBS立方体500的两个输出端口,且优选地在平衡接收器中减去它们的信号。在此示例配置中,可增大干涉信号,且可减去来自噪声的噪声波动。此示例装置的平衡接收器525、555的输出提供待组合形成复干涉信号的正交干涉信号。
图4示出了作为图3中的装置的修改的根据本发明的光学回路装置的另一个示例实施例。特别而言,图4中的装置允许检测偏振分集。偏振分集使得能够检测可由两种偏振的样品臂光引起的干涉条纹。图4中的装置的偏振控制器600可被配置为将参考臂功率的基本上相等的部分引导至第一PBS 601的两个输出端口。第一PBS 601的各输出端口检测以给定偏振到达的样品臂光。回路590与图3中所示的回路基本上相同,并且可在第四PBS输出端口592上重复。在此示例配置中,输出A和B描述一种信号偏振,而输出C和D描述另一种信号偏振。
图5示出了可与图4中的回路/装置在功能上等价或相似并且由纤维光学部件构造的根据本发明的解调光学回路/装置的另一个示例实施例。例如,图4中的双折射元件可由偏振控制器610a、615a、610b、615b代替,调节这些偏振控制器使得在输出端口625a和625b上产生正交信号,并同样可在输出端口625c和625d上产生正交输出。
在利用块状光学双折射元件的示例配置(如图2-4所示)中,双折射元件可选择为产生相移为90°的正交分量。在图5中的纤维光学配置中,在可监视干涉条纹时可调节偏振控制器,使得引入约90°相移。可如下面所述那样测量并校正相对于90°的相移偏差。
校准
例如,所测得信号不准确正交,因此必须使用校准过程来根据所测得信号产生正交信号。假设所测得信号由下式给出:
SQ(k)=AQ(k)+BQ(k)cos(φ)
SI(k)=AI(k)+BI(k)sin(φ+ζ(k))
其中φ是包含深度信息的干涉测量相位差。参数AQ、BQ、AI、BI和ζ可由源谱和解调回路确定。如果这些参数是已知的,则准确正交信号可构造如下:
S′Q=BQcos(φ)=SQ-AQ
S ′ I = B Q sin ( φ ) = ( B Q B I ) ( S I - A I ) - ( S Q - A Q ) sin ( ζ ) cos ( ζ ) - - - ( 1 )
其中,为了清楚起见,这里没有描述这些参数对k的显式依赖。AQ和AI可使用下列方法中的任一种来测量:
(a)阻挡样品臂光,且可将输出记录为k的函数。由于返回的样品臂功率比参考臂功率小得多,所以AQ(k)和AI(k)无任何干涉地由检测到的参考臂功率来确定;并且/或者
(b)可通过记录具有或没有来自样品臂的反射的信号、并对相当大数目的测量结果取平均来测量参数AQ(k)和AI(k)。因为干涉项由于干涉仪漂移而平均值为0,所以该平均产生AQ和AI。可替选地,可在干涉仪中在参考臂或样品臂中放置相位调制器。图6图示了包括放置在参考臂中的相位调制器700的回路/装置的这种示例实施例。此相位调制器700可用来确保:经过测量A的时间段,干涉仪相位被随机化。如果经过一个A线的时间段,相位调制比π小得多,则此相位调制器700可在成像期间保持工作。否则,应在成像过程中关断相位调制器700。
可理想地在有图6中的相位调制器700的情况下、要么经过足以确保相位随机分布的足够长时间,通过记录具有样品臂中的反射的输出来测量BQ(k)与BI(k)之比。该比率可提供如下:
( B Q B I ) 2 = ⟨ Δ S Q 2 ⟩ ⟨ Δ S I 2 ⟩ - - - ( 2 )
其中
⟨ Δ x 2 ⟩ = 1 n Σ i = 1 n ( x i - x ‾ ) 2 , 下标i遍及给定波数k的样本。
参数ζ可计算如下:
⟨ Δ ( S Q + S I ) 2 ⟩ - ⟨ Δ S Q 2 ⟩ - ⟨ Δ S I 2 ⟩ 2 ⟨ Δ S Q 2 ⟩ ⟨ Δ S I 2 ⟩ = sin ( ζ ) - - ( 3 )
图7示出了用以执行这种确定的根据本发明的过程的示例实施例。特别而言,在步骤655中,偏振控制器(“PC”)可被配置为提供定相于约90度的输出信号(如果利用图5中的光纤配置)。在步骤600中,在调制参考臂位置或相位时测量信号SQ(k)和SI(k)。在步骤665中,利用上面的公式(2)和(3)计算:AQ(k)=<SQ(k)>和AI(k)=<SI(k)>。这些步骤在系统校准期间执行。下面描述的步骤在使用本系统期间执行。例如,在步骤670中,测量信号SQ(k)与SI(k),在步骤675中,使用等式(1)计算条纹。然后,在步骤680中,构造复信号SQ′+sqrt(-1)*SI′。
图8示出了根据本发明的系统的(例如示例OFDI系统的)示例实施例。例如,可以为该示例系统提供扫过105nm、中心在1325nm的激光器700输出。此示例源可被分到样品臂705(例如90%)和参考臂710(例如10%)中。参考臂光的一部分可被引导至光纤布拉格光栅(“FBG”)715,从而产生反射光脉冲,该反射光脉冲被检测并转换成TTL触发信号。参考臂光的剩余部分可穿过可变光学延迟(例如,用来路径长度匹配干涉仪),并被提供于尾纤式偏振合束器(“PBC”)720的一个端口上。参考臂710中的偏振控制器725(“PC”)可用来使参考臂光与PBC输出端口的耦合最大化。反射样品臂光被引导至PBC的另一个输入端口。此光的一种偏振态可耦合到PBC输出端口。PBC之后是光学解调回路,该光学解调回路使用基于偏振的偏置来产生各干涉条纹的同相信号SI和正交信号SQ
照这样,可构造复干涉信号(SI+iSQ)。由于该复信号指示相位流的方向,所以其允许明确区别正和负光学延迟并且消除深度简并。为了说明该解调回路,在图8中的第一PBC的输出端口上,参考臂光和样品臂光可正交地偏振,并因此光的偏振态而不是强度被调制。此光可被50/50耦合器730分裂,且各输出可被引导至PC 735a、735b,PC 735a、735b之后的偏振分束器(PBS)740a、740b将偏振调制转换成强度调制。任意地,将来自上方路径的信号定义为SI,来自下方路径的信号定义为SQ。在各路径中,偏振控制器735a、735b被设置成在PBS 740a、740b的两个输出端口之间均分参考臂光,且输出连接到平衡接收器745a、745b以减去强度噪声。在在输出端口之间等分参考臂功率这一约束下,SI和SQ的相位可通过操控对应的PC来任意设置。在我们的系统中,可能在SI和SQ之间引入90°的相对定相。
使用所测得信号SI和SQ来直接形成复干涉信号(例如无任何检测后校正的复干涉信号)可导致正和负深度之间的适度消光。图9A示出了通过直接使用所测得信号SI和SQ计算出的+1.7mm深度处的固定反射镜的所测得A线的曲线图。此曲线图中示出的所得消光为30 dB。为了改善消光,可使用描述光学解调回路的状态的先前获取的校准数据、根据所测得信号SI和SQ计算出经校正信号
Figure S2006800286977D00101
给定波数k的同相信号可由SI=Bsin(φ)给出,且正交信号由SQ=αBcos(φ-ε)给出,其中α和ε描述SQ相对于真实正交信号的偏差(对于真实正交信号,α=1且ε=0)。可假设DC分量已被减去。对于所测得同相信号SI,经校正正交信号由下式给出:
S Q ^ &equiv; B cos ( &phi; ) = ( &alpha; cos ( &epsiv; ) ) - 1 S Q - tan ( &epsiv; ) S I
可使用统计方法针对光学解调回路的给定设置来测量参数α和ε(都是波数k的函数)。当用压电平移器将参考臂位置缓慢位移几个微米时,在有样品臂反射的情况下可记录多个干涉条纹。所得数据集可包含其中相位(φ)呈准随机化分布(由参考臂抖动引起)的各波数的信号SQ和SI。于是校准参数可统计地计算如下:
&alpha; = &sigma; S Q &sigma; S I - 1
sin ( &epsiv; ) = &sigma; 2 ( S Q - S I ) - &sigma; 2 ( S Q ) - &sigma; 2 ( S Q ) 2 &sigma; ( S Q ) &sigma; ( S I )
其中σx是所测得信号x的标准偏差(遍及样本数目),并且是波数的函数。在这些实验中,用30Hz三角波形将参考镜平移几个微米,且经过3秒的时间段、在15.6kHz的A线速率下记录信号。图9B示出了与图9A中的A线相同的A线,但使用经校正的复信号消光从30dB改善为大于50dB。图9C和9D示出了在+0.4mm和-1.3mm的反射镜深度处测得的A线。图9B-9D中的每一个使用相同的先前导出的校准参数α和ε,并且实现了大于50dB的消光。利用光学解调回路的适当环境防护,校准系数经过大于60分钟的时段仍保持有效。测得系统的灵敏度从+0.2mm深度附近的107dB变化到+2.0mm深度处的103dB。
为了示范啁啾时钟采样,提供了使用压控振荡器电路的时钟发生器750(见图8)。输出时钟频率通过模拟电压输入来控制,且可用平滑变化的模拟输入波形来相位连续地扫掠输出时钟频率。此波形由数据采集(DAQ)765电子器件产生,且对于源的每次扫掠重复此波形。该波形由用于数据采集的同一触发信号触发,并因此与源扫掠同步。图10A示出了使用恒定频率时钟信号和啁啾频率时钟信号二者的相对于零差分延迟点位移约-1.1mm的反射镜的所测得轴向点扩展函数。图10B示出了对于恒定频率和啁啾频率时钟信号的输入到VCO时钟电路的模拟波形。使用直接迭代例程针对源的给定配置设置寻找最佳VCO模拟波形。此波形在源被重新配置之前都保持有效。使用啁啾频率时钟信号,测得轴向分辨率在空气中为13.5-14.5μm,且轴向分辨率在整个成像深度范围内是变形有限的。
图11示出了在15.6kHz的A线速率下采集到的人手指活体图像。图像大小为:5mm横向大小×4.3mm深度(500×408)。深度分辨率在空气中为14μm,而横向分辨率为25μm。成像帧速率为30fps。在图11A中,仅基于同相信号SI产生图像,从而表现出深度简并效应。在图11B中,使用了复信号并且去除了深度简并伪影,从而允许4.3mm内的清晰成像。
前面仅说明了本发明的原理。鉴于这里的教导,对所述实施例的各种修改和变更将对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见。无庸置疑,根据本发明示例实施例的装置、系统和方法可与任何OCT系统、OFDI系统、SD-OCT系统或其它成像系统一起使用,并且可例如与2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148、2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请No.11/266,779和2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请No.10/501,276中所描述的装置、系统和方法一起使用,这些申请的公开内容通过引用整体合并于此。因此,应理解,本领域技术人员应能够设计尽管这里未明确示出或描述但体现了本发明原理并因此落入本发明的精神和范围内的许多系统、装置和方法。此外,就现有技术知识未通过引用明确合并于上文而言,其整体明确合并于此。上文引用的所有出版物通过引用整体合并于此。

Claims (24)

1.一种利用光学相干层析技术的设备,包括:
第一装置,其能够向样品提供一个第一电磁辐射并且向参考装置提供第二电磁辐射,其中所述第一和第二电磁辐射中的至少一个具有随时间变化的谱;以及
第二装置,其能够将所述第一电磁辐射所关联的一个第三辐射的第一偏振分量与所述第二电磁辐射所关联的一个第四辐射的第二偏振分量彼此相组合,其中所述第二装置具有确保所述第一和第二偏振分量被特定控制为彼此近似正交的配置。
2.根据权利要求1的设备,还包括一个第三装置,其能够检测根据所述第一和第二偏振分量之间的干涉得出的信号。
3.根据权利要求2的设备,其中所述第三装置还能够检测根据所述第一和第二偏振分量之间的另外干涉得出的另外信号。
4.根据权利要求3的设备,其中根据预定数据将所述信号和所述另外信号中的至少一个分别修改为第一经修改信号和第二经修改信号中的至少一个,其中所述第一经修改信号和所述第二经修改信号的相位差比所述信号和所述另外信号的相位之间的差更接近nπ+π/2,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
5.根据权利要求4的设备,其中所述预定数据基于所述第三装置的状态来获得。
6.根据权利要求4的设备,其中所述第三装置还能够获得所述信号和所述另外信号中的至少一个信号,并且所述预定数据是基于所述至少一个信号的标准偏差统计地得出的。
7.根据权利要求3的设备,其中所述干涉和所述另外干涉的相位彼此不同。
8.根据权利要求3的设备,其中所述干涉和所述另外干涉的相位差分别基本上是nπ+π/2,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
9.根据权利要求3的设备,其中所述第三辐射的至少一部分和所述第四辐射具有相对于彼此的延迟,并且还包括能够根据所述延迟、所述信号和所述另外信号产生图像的第四装置。
10.根据权利要求9的设备,其中所述延迟包括至少一个正段和至少一个负段,并且其中所述第四装置能够在所述图像的具有相对于所述第四辐射的正深度和负深度的至少诸部分之间进行区分。
11.根据权利要求10的设备,其中所述第四装置能够测量所述延迟的符号和量值。
12.一种利用光学相干层析技术的设备,包括:
一个第一装置,其能够向样品提供第一电磁辐射并且向参考装置提供第二电磁辐射,其中所述第一和第二电磁辐射中的至少一个具有随时间变化的谱;
一个第二装置,其能够根据所述第一电磁辐射所关联的第三辐射和所述第二电磁辐射所关联的一个第四辐射之间的第一干涉来产生第一信号,并且根据关联的所述第三辐射和所述第四辐射之间的第二干涉来产生第二信号,所述第一和第二干涉彼此不同;以及
至少一个第三装置,其关联有双折射,并且能够根据所述双折射来特定控制所述第一和第二干涉的不包括nπ在内的相位差,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
13.根据权利要求12的设备,其中所述至少一个第三装置包括光纤偏振控制器和块状光学双折射装置中的至少一个。
14.一种利用光学相干层析技术的方法,包括:
向样品提供第一电磁辐射并且向参考装置提供第二电磁辐射,其中所述第一和第二电磁辐射中的至少一个具有随时间变化的谱;并且
将所述第一电磁辐射所关联的第三辐射的第一偏振分量与所述第二电磁辐射所关联的一个第四辐射的第二偏振分量彼此相组合,其中所述第一和第二偏振分量被特定控制为彼此近似正交。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,还包括检测根据所述第一和第二偏振分量之间的干涉得出的信号。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,还包括检测根据所述第一和第二偏振分量之间的另外干涉得出的另外信号。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,还包括根据预定数据将所述信号和所述另外信号中的至少一个分别修改为第一经修改信号和第二经修改信号中的至少一个,其中所述第一经修改信号和所述第二经修改信号的相位差比所述信号和所述另外信号的相位之间的差更接近nπ+π/2,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
18.根据权利要求16的方法,还包括获得所述信号和所述另外信号中的至少一个信号,并且基于所述至少一个信号的标准偏差得出所述预定数据。
19.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述干涉和所述另外干涉的相位彼此不同。
20.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述干涉和所述另外干涉的相位差分别基本上是nπ+π/2,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
21.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述第三辐射的至少一部分和所述第四辐射具有相对于彼此的延迟,并且还包括根据所述延迟、所述信号和所述另外信号产生图像。
22.根据权利要求21的方法,其中所述延迟包括至少一个正段和至少一个负段,并且还包括在所述图像的具有正深度和负深度的至少诸部分之间进行区分。
23.根据权利要求22的方法,还包括测量所述延迟的符号和量值。
24.一种利用光学相干层析技术的方法,包括:
向样品提供第一电磁辐射并且向参考装置提供第二电磁辐射,其中所述第一和第二电磁辐射中的至少一个具有随时间变化的谱;
根据所述第一电磁辐射所关联的第三辐射和所述第二电磁辐射所关联的一个第四辐射之间的第一干涉来产生第一信号,并且根据关联的所述第三辐射和所述第四辐射之间的第二干涉来产生第二信号,所述第一和第二干涉彼此不同;并且
利用关联有双折射的装置,根据所述双折射来特定控制所述第一和第二干涉的不包括nπ在内的相位差,其中n是整数且大于或等于0。
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