CN101278438A - 多频带天线系统 - Google Patents
多频带天线系统 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
- G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
- G08B7/066—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources guiding along a path, e.g. evacuation path lighting strip
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/20—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising with luminescent surfaces or parts
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/22—Advertising or display means on roads, walls or similar surfaces, e.g. illuminated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets
- E04F2290/026—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets for lighting
Abstract
本发明提供了一种内置于装置中的天线系统，尤其是用于小尺寸移动台，该系统具有分离的工作频带。该系统通过以如下方式，即该装置(300)具有多个分离的天线(310－360)，进行分散而实现。每个天线都基于处于介电基板表面上的辐射元件。该基板可以是，例如一片陶瓷或者装置外壳的一部分。天线设置在装置内合适的位置。单个天线的工作频带覆盖被一个无线电系统所使用的频率范围，这些频率范围相互接近，并且由两个不同的无线电系统所使用，或者仅仅覆盖无线电系统所使用的频率范围的发射频带或接收频带。如果该装置具有用于一个使用相互接近频带的无线电系统的共享的发射器和共享的接收器，那么一定有一个用于每个系统的分离的天线，或者该天线可以是共享的。天线的尺寸可以制造的很小。这是由于当有许多天线时，相对较小的频带宽度对于各个天线是足够的。每个无线电系统的频带的整个宽度上都可以实现较好的匹配。这是由于与组合频带天线相比较，具有相对较窄频带的分离天线的匹配更易于配置。不需要用于选择子频带的转换开关，有利于提供较好的效率。
Description
本发明涉及具有分离工作频带的无线电装置的内置天线(internal antenna)系统。该系统尤其适用于小尺寸移动台。
在小尺寸移动无线电装置中，方便起见，天线最好设置在装置的壳体之内。与外部天线相比，这使得这种天线的设计成为一项要求更高的任务。当无线电装置需要在多个频率范围内运行时，这造成了设计上的诸多额外困难，范围越宽，困难越大。
大多数内部天线内置天线通常都具有平面结构，其中具有一个发射平面辐射平面和一个平行的并与其相隔有一定距离的平行地电位面(ground plane)。发射平面辐射平面配置有天线的短路和馈电点。属于该结构的短路导体从短路点延伸到地电位面，并且天线的馈电导体从馈电点延伸到装置的天线端口。为了增加天线工作频带的数目，从短路点看去，发射平面辐射平面可以分为两个或多个不同长度的分支。也可以通过寄生辅助元件来增加频带的数目。作为备选为替换，寄生元件通过将谐振频率配置成离开相应于辐射平面分支的谐振频率相对较近，从而可用于拓宽工作频带。
在本说明书和权利要求书中，术语“辐射平面”、“辐射元件”以及“辐射体”表示这样的天线元件，其作为发射射频电磁波的部件而工作，作为接收射频电磁波的部件而工作，或作为既发射又接收射频电磁波的部件而工作。相对应地，“馈电导体”表示作为接收导体而工作的导体。
上文所描述的这种天线具有这样的缺点：无线电装置必须根据无线电系统来工作，当无线电系统的数量增加时，上文所述天线的特性不够用。这种不够用表现在，例如，在多个无线电系统中的一个所使用的频带中或者这种频带中的至少一部分中，天线的匹配很差。这种缺陷可以通过提供一种具有转换开关的天线结构来消除，通过该转换开关，相对的窄频带天线的工作频带可以从无线电系统的发射频带移动到接收频带以及相反，或发射或接收频带的子频带。但是，转换开关会造成额外的损失并因此降低了天线的效率。例如因为较差的匹配或转换开关损失，因而天线的效率是不能令人满意的。当因为缺少空间需要而牺牲天线的尺寸时，所述缺点更为突出。例如，可以通过缩短辐射平面和地电位面之间的距离，或者通过在其间使用介电材料来减小尺寸。此外，这种天线具有这样的缺点，即不能在对应于不同频带的天线部件之间产生足够的隔离。
也可以在天线结构内安置两个辐射体，从而使得它们都具有自己的馈电导体。当无线电装置具有用于某些无线电系统的分离的发射器和接收器时，这可以实现。图1示出了专利公开WO 02/078123所披露的这种天线结构的例子。它包括地电位面101、辐射平面110、辐射平面的寄生元件113和分离辐射体107。辐射平面具有馈电导体102和短路导体，并且因此与地电位面一起形成PIFA(平坦转化倒置F-天线)。由于从短路和馈电点看去辐射平面被分成第一111和第二112分支，所以PIFA具有两个频带。第一分支作为辐射体而在GSM900(用于移动通信的全球系统)系统的频率范围内工作，第二分支工作于DCS(数字蜂窝标准)系统的范围内工作。寄生元件113连接到地电位面，并且作为辐射体在PCS(个人通信装置)系统的范围内工作。分离辐射体107具有自己的馈电导体103和短路导体。它与地电位面一起构成IFA，其作为蓝牙天线而工作。分离辐射体设置在辐射平面以及其寄生元件附近，从而辐射平面的短路和馈电导体、寄生元件的短路导体和分离辐射体的短路和馈电导体，位于在与天线结构大小相比相对较小的区域内的行中。天线组件的支持结构在图中不可见。
因此，上文所提到的具有自己的馈电的分离辐射体，可用于蓝牙系统。这种辐射体同样可用于比如WCDMA(宽频带码分多址)系统。一般地，具有自己的馈电的分离辐射体能把上文所提到的缺陷降低到这种程度：至少在为其配置有分离辐射体的无线电系统的频率范围内实现较好的匹配。
上文提到了使用绝缘材料来减小天线物理尺寸。图2示出了这种现有天线的例子。其包括介电基板(dielectric substrate)211、辐射体212以及馈电元件213。辐射体和馈电元件是在基板表面上的导体带。这三者联合起来构成天线组件，安装在无线电装置的PCB电路板上。
本发明的目标是减小现有技术中的上述缺陷。根据本发明的配置，其特征由独立权利要求1所阐明。其它权利要求对一些较佳实施例进行了阐明。
本发明的基本思想如下：将多频带无线电装置的天线系统实施为内部和分散式，使该装置具有多个分离的天线。每个天线都基于介电基板表面上的辐射元件。该基板可以是，例如，一片陶瓷或者装置壳体的一部分。天线位于装置内合适的位置。各个天线的工作频带覆盖一个被无线电系统所使用的频率范围，相互接近并且由两个不同的无线电系统所使用的频率范围，或者仅仅一个无线电系统所使用的频率范围的发射或接收频带。如果该装置具有用于一个使用相互接近频带的无线电系统的共享的发射器和共享的接收器，那么无论如何都有一个用于每个系统的分离的天线，或者该天线可以是共享的。
本发明具有这样的优点：天线的尺寸可以制造的很小。这是由于当有多个天线时，相对较小的频带宽带对于单个天线是够用的。当带宽较小时，与用于具有更宽频带的天线相比，可以选择具有更高的介电常数的材料以用于这种天线，即这种情况下天线的尺寸可以制造地相对较小。此外，本发明还具有这样的优势：每个无线电系统的频带的整个宽度上都可以实现较好的匹配。这是由于与组合多频带天线的匹配相比较，具有相对较窄频带的分离天线的匹配更易于配置。本发明还进一步具有这样的优点：该天线系统在不同的频带都具有较好的效率。这部分地由于匹配的质量，部分地由于在该结构中不需要用于选择子频带的转换开关。由于在分散式系统中每个天线都被置于一个对其功能更为有利的位置，所以匹配和效率都得到了改善。本发明还具有天线之间隔离较好的优点。这是由于天线的灵敏式分散和具有相对较高介电常数的基板折叠(collapse)于天线近场(near field)。
下面，将参照下述附图对本发明做详细地描述，其中：
图1示出了现有的多频带天线的例子，
图2示出了现有的使用介电基板的天线组件的例子，
图3示出了根据本发明的天线系统中天线布置的例子，
图4示出了根据本发明的属于该天线系统的天线布置的另一个例子，
图5a-d示出了根据本发明的天线系统的组成的例子，
图6示出了根据图3中天线系统中一对天线的匹配的例子，
图7示出了根据图3中天线系统一对天线的效率的例子。
图1和图2已经结合现有技术进行了描述。
图3示出了作为根据本发明的天线系统的布置图的实施例。其中有一个带有PCB电路板的无线电装置300，塑料框FRM和壳体CAS。图中可见侧的电路板表面的大部分由导电地电位面GND组成。在该实施例中，该天线系统包含有六个天线。其中的每一个都包括一个具有陶瓷板和两个辐射元件的细长天线组件。此处，天线组件四周的地电位面也被视为天线的一部分。在本实施例中，每个天线组件的辐射元件都是同样大小，从而它们可以在同一个相对较窄的频率范围内共振。天线的馈电导体连接到一个元件，另一个元件则是寄生的。
第一天线组件310、第二天线组件320、第三天线组件330、第四天线组件340和第五天线组件350都安装在PCB电路板的同一侧，在图中是可见的。第一天线组件310设置在电路板的第一端的中间，并与这一端平行。第二天线组件320设置在由电路板的第一长边和第二端所定义的转角内，并与这一端相平行。第三天线组件330设置在由电路板的第二长边和第二端所定义的转角附近，并与这一长边相平行。第四天线组件340设置在电路板的第一长边旁边并与之平行，并且距离第一端比第二端稍近一些。第五天线组件350设置在电路板的第二长边之外并与之平行，与第四天线组件相对立。第六天线组件360安装在框FRM的侧表面上，该表面与电路板的平面相垂直。天线组件处于相关于其它RF部分比较有利的位置从而相互之间不会有太多的干扰。
图3也示出了天线地布置(ground arrangement)的实施例。电路板表面的地电位面被从第一天线部件310之下和之旁移动到一定距离。尽管如此，地电位面较窄的部分延伸到辐射体的一个或者多个点上。与地电位面延长至与组件之下的区域一样宽相比，这种布置增加了天线的电气尺寸。那种情况下，比如，工作于一定频率范围内的天线组件的高度可以相应的减少。其它天线也可以具有相似的地布置。理论上整个地电位面在所有天线之间是自然共享的。实际上，由于天线组件的分散，系统具有大体上天线专用的地电位面。基于这一实际情况，即沿着地电位面在属于不同天线的两个辐射体之间的距离至少是这些辐射体的组合长度(combined length)，这将变得很明显。
根据图3的天线可以设计成，例如如下：
-基于组件310的天线是用于GSM850系统的天线；
-基于组件320的天线是用于GSM900系统的天线；
-基于组件330的天线是用于GSM1800系统的天线；
-基于组件340的天线是用于WCDMA系统的发射天线；
-基于组件350的天线是用于WCDMA系统的接收天线；
-基于组件360的天线是用于GSM1900系统的天线。
图4示出了属于根据本发明的天线系统的天线布置的另一个实施例。从图中可以看到无线电装置外壳的后部CAS和在其内表面的辐射体412。在这个实施例中，辐射体形状是密集弯曲图样，通过在壳体表面上生成导电材料而实现的。因此，在辐射体之下的壳体的这部分作为属于该天线的基板而工作。
图5a-5d示出了如示意图所示的根据本发明的天线系统的组成的一个实施例。在图5a中有三个天线。其中一个是在GSM850和GSM900系统之间共享的，第二个是在GSM1800和GSM1900系统之间共享的，第三个是用于WCDMA系统的。在图5b中，有六个天线，用于上文对图3的阐述中所提到的实施例中的相同频带。所以，按照图5b所列出的顺序，其中一个用于GSM850系统，第二个用于GSM900，第三个用于GSM1800，第四个用于GSM1900，第五个用于WCDMA系统的发射端，第六个用于WCDMA系统的接收端。图5c中，有十二个天线。其中一个用于GSM850系统的发射端，第二个和第三个用于GSM850系统的接收端。后两个用于实现接收的空间分集。还有相应的一组三个天线，用于GSM900、GSM1800和GSM1900系统。图5d示出根据图5a的组成的修改例。现在所有的四个GSM系统都具有自己的天线。但是，GSM850和GSM900的天线，其工作频带彼此接近，这些天线连接到相同的馈电线上。在转移方向(transfer direction)分离之后，这些天线就都连接到这些系统共享的发射器和共享的接收器上。同样的方式，工作频带彼此接近的GSM1800和GSM1900的天线，连接到共享的馈电线上。WCDMA的天线也可以连接到这根线上。
图6表示根据图3的天线系统匹配的实施例，当这些被设计成作为WCDMA系统的发射和接收天线工作时，该匹配用于与第四340和第五350天线组件相对应的天线。天线组件的基板是陶瓷的，其尺寸是10·3·2mm3(长，宽，高)。该图示出了作为频率的函数的反射系数S11的曲线。从这个曲线可以看出，在发射和接收频带范围内，反射系数是-10dB或更好。天线对的匹配非常好。
图7示出了同样的天线对的效率曲线，图6作为频率函数应用于其上。可以看到，发射频带上效率平均大约是0.76，接收频带上效率平均大约是0.72。考虑到天线组件的小尺寸，因此天线对的效率是很出色的。根据在自由空间所测得的平均值，发射天线的最大增益大约是1.3dB，接收频带的最大增益大约是2.3dB。
上文描述了根据本发明的分散式天线系统。如实施例所描述的，天线的数量和位置可以做极大地改变。本发明并不限于单个天线组件的制造方法。该制造方法可以用其它方法来代替，比如用导电材料对陶瓷片进行涂层，或在比如硅的表面上生成金属层并且使用半导体组件制造中所使用的技术来移除该金属层的一部分。本发明的思想可以通过不同的方式来实施，但都在独立权利要求1所限定的范围内。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1. 一种无线电装置(300)的内置天线系统，包括地电位面和至少两个辐射元件以形成至少两个分离的工作频带，所述工作频带覆盖由至少两个不同的系统使用的频率范围，并且各个辐射元件是介电基板表面上的导体，其特征在于，
-所述辐射元件与所述基板和所述地电位面(GND)形成至少两根分离的天线，所述天线具有不同的工作频带，以及
-沿所述地电位面(GND)的属于不同天线的两辐射体之间的距离至少是这些所述辐射体的组合长度。
2. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，单个天线的所述基板和所述基板的表面上的所述至少一个辐射元件构成单一芯片型天线组件(310；320；330；340；350)。
3. 如权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线组件的至少一个位于所述无线电装置的电路板(PCB)上。
4. 如权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线组件的至少一个(360)位于所述无线电装置的内置框(FRM)的表面上。
5. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，属于所述天线系统的天线的工作频带覆盖由至少一个无线电系统所使用的频率范围。
6. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，属于所述天线系统的天线的工作频带覆盖由无线电系统所使用的频率范围内的发射频带(Tx)，并且属于所述天线系统的另一天线的工作频带覆盖相同频率范围内的接收频带(Rx)。
7. 如权利要求6所述的天线系统，其特征在于，还包括这样的天线，所述天线的工作频带同样地覆盖由所述无线电系统所使用的频率范围内的接收频带，以实现接收中的空间分集。
8. 如权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述基板是陶瓷的。
9. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，单个天线的基板是所述无线电装置的外壳(CAS)的一部分。
Claims (9)
1. 一种无线电装置(300)的内置天线系统，包括地电位面和至少两个辐射元件以形成至少两个分离的工作频带，所述工作频带覆盖至少两个不同的系统所使用的频率范围，其特征在于，
-各个辐射元件是介电基板表面上的导体，
-天线的数量至少是两根，
-沿着所述地电位面(GND)的属于不同天线的两辐射体之间的距离至少是这些辐射体的组合长度。
2. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，单个天线的所述基板和所述基板的表面上的所述至少一个辐射元件构成单一芯片型天线组件(310；320；330；340；350)。
3. 如权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线组件的至少一个位于所述无线电装置的电路板(PCB)上。
4. 如权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述天线组件的至少一个(360)位于所述无线电装置的内置框(FRM)的表面上。
5. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，属于所述天线系统的天线的工作频带覆盖由至少一个无线电系统所使用的频率范围。
6. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，属于所述天线系统的天线的工作频带覆盖由无线电系统所使用的频率范围内的发射频带(Tx)，并且属于所述天线系统的另一天线的工作频带覆盖相同频率范围内的接收频带(Rx)。
7. 如权利要求6所述的天线系统，其特征在于，还包括这样的天线，所述天线的工作频带同样地覆盖由所述无线电系统所使用的频率范围内的接收频带，以实现接收中的空间分集。
8. 如权利要求2所述的天线系统，其特征在于，所述基板是陶瓷的。
9. 如权利要求1所述的天线系统，其特征在于，单个天线的基板是所述无线电装置的外壳(CAS)的一部分。
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| CN102244319A (zh) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | 厦门毅想通信研发中心有限公司 | 一种双天线终端和提高双天线终端的天线间隔离度的方法 |
| CN102751573A (zh) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-24 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | 多频段天线 |
| CN102751573B (zh) * | 2011-04-20 | 2014-08-13 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | 多频段天线 |
| CN103427863A (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-12-04 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | 通信装置 |
| CN103427863B (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-08-26 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | 通信装置 |
| CN105009364A (zh) * | 2013-02-27 | 2015-10-28 | 微软公司 | 具有高隔离的双频带天线对 |
| WO2019128882A1 (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-04 | 捷开通讯(深圳)有限公司 | 一种天线装置及终端 |
| US11374312B2 (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2022-06-28 | JRD Communication (Shenzhen) Ltd. | Antenna device and terminal |
| US20220271413A1 (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-08-25 | Getac Technology Corporation | Electronic device |
| US11552381B2 (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-01-10 | Getac Technology Corporation | Electronic device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100220016A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
| CN101278438B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
| FI20055527A (fi) | 2007-04-04 |
| EP1932209A1 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
| FI119009B (fi) | 2008-06-13 |
| EP1932209A4 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| KR20080064846A (ko) | 2008-07-09 |
| FI20055527A0 (fi) | 2005-10-03 |
| WO2007039668A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
| CN101278440A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
| US8786499B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
| US7589678B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
| US20070159399A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
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